CN104770169A - Drip irrigation cultivation method for Chinese yams - Google Patents
Drip irrigation cultivation method for Chinese yams Download PDFInfo
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- CN104770169A CN104770169A CN201510159983.8A CN201510159983A CN104770169A CN 104770169 A CN104770169 A CN 104770169A CN 201510159983 A CN201510159983 A CN 201510159983A CN 104770169 A CN104770169 A CN 104770169A
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Abstract
The invention provides a drip irrigation cultivation method for Chinese yams. The drip irrigation cultivation method comprises the following steps: (1) selecting sandy soil for cultivation; (2) applying a base fertilizer; (3) loosening soil; (4) selecting a planting density; (5) selecting a planting method and planting time; (6) laying drip irrigation zones, namely laying the drip irrigation zone on each ridge, and stopping watering one month before harvesting, wherein drip irrigation is carried out for 24 hours at one time, the drip irrigation amount is 20-30m<3> every Mu at one time, a drip irrigation principle, namely repeating multiple times at a little amount, and deeply watering is adopted at the growth stage, and the drip irrigation process requires uniformity and moderate dryness and wetness; (7) erecting humping supports; (8) harvesting, namely ditching in the middle of a small line spacing manually and harvesting the Chinese yams, wherein two lines of Chinese yams can be harvested after one ditch is dug. The drip irrigation method provided by the invention is used for carrying out Chinese yam planting; the yield of per Mu of the Chinese yams can reach over 2 tons; the Chinese yams are mellow and straight in appearance and excellent in quality and have the diameter up to 3cm and length over 60cm.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Chinese yam drip irrigation cultivation method.
Background technology
Chinese yam is Dioscoreaceae yam, is the ancient crop of dietotherapeutic, the cultivation history of existing 2000.Its block root contains rich in protein, amino acid, vitamin and starch etc.Have invigorating the spleen, controlling nocturnal emission with astringent drugs, the effect of invigorating the lung and the kidney, be a kind of medicinal plant of food medicine dual-purpose of good treatment diabetes, all there is cultivation all parts of the country.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of Chinese yam drip irrigation cultivation method, the drip irrigation cultivation of Chinese yam can be applied to.
A kind of Chinese yam drip irrigation cultivation method provided by the invention, comprises the following steps:
(1) sandy loam is selected to cultivate;
(2) base manure is applied: every mu applies chicken manure that 3-5 ton becomes thoroughly decomposed and the cake fertilizer that 300-500kg becomes thoroughly decomposed as base manure;
(3) chesson, the loose degree of depth is 80-120cm;
(4) planting density: adopt the mode of wide-and narrow-row to plant, wide row space 120-140cm, little line-spacing 70-80cm, spacing in the rows 20-30cm, plantation ditch depth 10-15cm;
(5) implantation methods and the time: 10-20cm soil temperature can be sowed more than 10 DEG C, the Chinese yam young plant weight cut is greater than 50g, and otch lime carries out disinfection, airing 10-15 days before plantation; Put Chinese yam young plant according to spacing in the rows, bury Tu Chenglong, every ridge 2 row;
(6) irrigate band is laid: on ridge, lay an irrigate band, drip 24 hours, at every turn the every mu of amount of dripping 20-30m at every turn
3, breeding time will according to a small amount of repeatedly, see and dryly see wet principle of pouring water, drip requirement uniformity, not non-irrigated not flooded, and the previous moon of gathering stops watering;
(7) built;
(8) gather: manually to gather Chinese yam from trench digging in the middle of little line-spacing, dig a ditch and can to gather 2 row Chinese yams.
Preferably, the organic matter containing 75%-85% in cake fertilizer described in step (2), nitrogenous 1.1-6.0%, phosphorus 0.4%-3.0%, potassium 0.9%-2.1%.
Preferably, cake fertilizer described in step (2) is the soybean cake, colza cake or the cottonseed cake that become thoroughly decomposed.
Preferably, chesson described in step (3) carries out loosing soil with the two drill bit trepanning machines revolved apart from being 70cm to yam planting ditch.
Preferably, the step of Chinese yam young plant storage is also had afterwards in described step (8), dig storagetank in the plot of plantation Chinese yam, Chinese yam young plant is placed in layering, every layer of Chinese yam young plant thickness 10-20cm, one deck soil one deck Chinese yam young plant, every layer of native thickness 10-15cm, the first blinding 10-15cm of uppermost one deck Chinese yam, add thick soil stratum gradually according to mercury dropped situation, Chinese yam young plant will bury and be placed on below frozen soil layer.
The present invention also provides the storage procedures of a kind of Chinese yam young plant, dig storagetank in the plot of plantation Chinese yam, Chinese yam young plant is placed in layering, every layer of Chinese yam young plant thickness 10-20cm, one deck soil one deck Chinese yam young plant, every layer of native thickness 10-15cm, the first blinding 10-15cm of uppermost one deck Chinese yam, add thick soil stratum gradually according to mercury dropped situation, Chinese yam young plant will bury and be placed on below frozen soil layer.
Adopt drip irrigation cultivation method of the present invention to carry out yam planting, per mu yield can reach more than 2 tons, and Chinese yam product appearance is mellow and full straight, and diameter reaches 3 centimetres, length more than 60 centimetres, superior in quality.
Embodiment
Following embodiment is convenient to understand the present invention better, but does not limit the present invention.Experimental technique in following embodiment, if no special instructions, is conventional method.
embodiment 1
Chinese yam drip irrigation cultivation method of the present invention is as follows:
1, selection of land
Sandy loam is selected to cultivate.
2, apply fertilizer
Mu executes cake fertilizer that 5 tons of chicken manures become thoroughly decomposed and 500kg become thoroughly decomposed as base manure.Apply required nutrient when above-mentioned base manure can provide Chinese yam to grow.Organic matter containing 75%-85% in cake fertilizer, nitrogenous 1.1-6.0%, phosphorus 0.4%-3.0%, potassium 0.9%-2.1%, also containing protein and amino acid etc.Nitrogen content in cake fertilizer is more, and majority is crude protein, easily decomposes, and fertilizer efficiency plays faster, can be crop and provides more comprehensive nutrient supply.Cake fertilizer can select soybean cake, colza cake, cottonseed cake etc., uses above-mentioned several cake fertilizer effect of increasing production best.Must become thoroughly decomposed before using, produce high heat after the cake fermentation of not becoming thoroughly decomposed, easily make crop root burn.Cake fertilizer becomes thoroughly decomposed method: about in the ratio poach of 1:1 after being pulverized by cake fertilizer, cover plastic foil and become thoroughly decomposed, within the temperature condition of 30 DEG C 50-60 days, can fully become thoroughly decomposed, period needs repeatedly turning, makes it become thoroughly decomposed evenly.
3, chesson
Carry out loosing soil with the two drill bit trepanning machines revolved apart from 70cm to yam planting ditch, the loose degree of depth is 80-120cm.Carry out loosing soil with two drill bit trepanning machine, can plough deeply soil, Chinese yam stem tuber easily grows downwards, makes Chinese yam product appearance mellow and full straight, and diameter reaches 3 centimetres, length more than 60 centimetres, superior in quality.
4, planting density
Wide-narrow row planting, wide row space 120cm, little line-spacing 70cm, spacing in the rows 30cm, plantation ditch depth 10-15cm.Wide-narrow row planting is convenient to field management, and large illumination is in the ranks abundant, can reduce between Chinese yam plant and mutually shade, make blade in uniform light, and light-receiving time extends, and greatly improves photosynthetic availability.Land resources and sunlight-heat reaources can be made full use of, alleviate between crop and win honour for, strive fertile contradiction, soil Zhong Shui, heat, gas, fertile effect can be given full play to, the nutriment of manufacture and the dry matter of accumulation many, be conducive to the increase of output.
5, implantation methods
Late March can be sowed to 10-20cm soil temperature mid-April more than 10 DEG C.The Chinese yam young plant weight cut is greater than 50g, and otch lime carries out disinfection, airing 10-15 days before plantation.Put Chinese yam young plant according to spacing in the rows, bury Tu Chenglong, every ridge 2 row.
6, irrigate band is laid
An irrigate band is laid on ridge, drips 24 hours, at every turn the every mu of amount of dripping 25m at every turn
3.Chinese yam is afraid of that flood is not drought-enduring yet, if too drought can have a strong impact on Chinese yam and expands, but then root is easily rotten at tuber expansion period hypervolia, and stem tuber is crisp, easily breaks.Chinese yam drip irrigation is planted, breeding time will according to a small amount of repeatedly, see and dryly see wet principle of pouring water, drip requirement uniformity, not non-irrigated not flooded.Gather and stop by the previous moon watering.
7, built
Use bamboo pole built.Frame height 120-130cm, man-like shelf.
8, gather
Manually to gather Chinese yam from trench digging in the middle of little line-spacing, dig a ditch and can to gather 2 row Chinese yams.
9, the storage of Chinese yam young plant
To the Chinese yam of commercial grade do not reached as Chinese yam young plant.Dig wide, the dark 200cm of 150cm, length fixed storagetank as required in the plot of plantation Chinese yam, Chinese yam young plant is placed in layering, every layer of Chinese yam young plant thickness 10cm, one deck soil one deck Chinese yam young plant, and every layer of native thickness is about 10cm.The first blinding 10cm of uppermost one deck Chinese yam, add thick soil stratum gradually according to mercury dropped situation, Chinese yam young plant will bury and be placed on below frozen soil layer.Adopt this method of storing on the spot, do not need special storage facilities, decrease transit link, reduce cost.Adopt 180 days shelf-lifves of above-mentioned storage procedures Chinese yam young plant.
Adopt drip irrigation cultivation method of the present invention to carry out yam planting, per mu yield can reach more than 2 tons, and Chinese yam product appearance is mellow and full straight, and diameter reaches 3 centimetres, length more than 60 centimetres, superior in quality.
embodiment 2
Chinese yam drip irrigation cultivation method of the present invention is as follows:
1, selection of land
Sandy loam is selected to cultivate.
2, apply fertilizer
Mu executes cake fertilizer that 3 tons of chicken manures become thoroughly decomposed and 300kg become thoroughly decomposed as base manure.Apply required nutrient when above-mentioned base manure can provide Chinese yam to grow.Organic matter containing 75%-85% in cake fertilizer, nitrogenous 1.1-6.0%, phosphorus 0.4%-3.0%, potassium 0.9%-2.1%, also containing protein and amino acid etc.Nitrogen content in cake fertilizer is more, and majority is crude protein, easily decomposes, and fertilizer efficiency plays faster, can be crop and provides more comprehensive nutrient supply.Cake fertilizer can select soybean cake, colza cake, cottonseed cake etc., uses above-mentioned several cake fertilizer effect of increasing production best.Must become thoroughly decomposed before using, produce high heat after the cake fermentation of not becoming thoroughly decomposed, easily make crop root burn.Cake fertilizer becomes thoroughly decomposed method: about in the ratio poach of 1:1 after being pulverized by cake fertilizer, cover plastic foil and become thoroughly decomposed, within the temperature condition of 30 DEG C 50-60 days, can fully become thoroughly decomposed, period needs repeatedly turning, makes it become thoroughly decomposed evenly.
3, chesson
Carry out loosing soil with the two drill bit trepanning machines revolved apart from 70cm to yam planting ditch, the loose degree of depth is 80-120cm.Carry out loosing soil with two drill bit trepanning machine, can plough deeply soil, Chinese yam stem tuber easily grows downwards, makes Chinese yam product appearance mellow and full straight, and diameter reaches 3 centimetres, length more than 60 centimetres, superior in quality.
4, planting density
Wide-narrow row planting, wide row space 130cm, little line-spacing 75cm, spacing in the rows 25cm, plantation ditch depth 10-15cm.Wide-narrow row planting is convenient to field management, and large illumination is in the ranks abundant, can reduce between Chinese yam plant and mutually shade, make blade in uniform light, and light-receiving time extends, and greatly improves photosynthetic availability.Land resources and sunlight-heat reaources can be made full use of, alleviate between crop and win honour for, strive fertile contradiction, soil Zhong Shui, heat, gas, fertile effect can be given full play to, the nutriment of manufacture and the dry matter of accumulation many, be conducive to the increase of output.
5, implantation methods
Late March can be sowed to 10-20cm soil temperature mid-April more than 10 DEG C.The Chinese yam young plant weight cut is greater than 50g, and otch lime carries out disinfection, airing 10-15 days before plantation.Put Chinese yam young plant according to spacing in the rows, bury Tu Chenglong, every ridge 2 row.
6, irrigate band is laid
An irrigate band is laid on ridge, drips 24 hours, at every turn the every mu of amount of dripping 20m at every turn
3.Chinese yam is afraid of that flood is not drought-enduring yet, if too drought can have a strong impact on Chinese yam and expands, but then root is easily rotten at tuber expansion period hypervolia, and stem tuber is crisp, easily breaks.Chinese yam drip irrigation is planted, breeding time will according to a small amount of repeatedly, see and dryly see wet principle of pouring water, drip requirement uniformity, not non-irrigated not flooded.Gather and stop by the previous moon watering.
7, built
Use bamboo pole built.Frame height 120-130cm, man-like shelf.
8, gather
Manually to gather Chinese yam from trench digging in the middle of little line-spacing, dig a ditch and can to gather 2 row Chinese yams.
9, the storage of Chinese yam young plant
To the Chinese yam of commercial grade do not reached as Chinese yam young plant.Dig wide, the dark 200cm of 150cm, length fixed storagetank as required in the plot of plantation Chinese yam, Chinese yam young plant is placed in layering, every layer of Chinese yam young plant thickness 15cm, one deck soil one deck Chinese yam young plant, and every layer of native thickness is about 12cm.The first blinding 12cm of uppermost one deck Chinese yam, add thick soil stratum gradually according to mercury dropped situation, Chinese yam young plant will bury and be placed on below frozen soil layer.Adopt this method of storing on the spot, do not need special storage facilities, decrease transit link, reduce cost.Adopt 180 days shelf-lifves of above-mentioned storage procedures Chinese yam young plant.
Adopt drip irrigation cultivation method of the present invention to carry out yam planting, per mu yield can reach more than 2 tons, and Chinese yam product appearance is mellow and full straight, and diameter reaches 3 centimetres, length more than 60 centimetres, superior in quality.
embodiment 3
Chinese yam drip irrigation cultivation method of the present invention is as follows:
1, selection of land
Sandy loam is selected to cultivate.
2, apply fertilizer
Mu executes cake fertilizer that 4 tons of chicken manures become thoroughly decomposed and 400kg become thoroughly decomposed as base manure.Apply required nutrient when above-mentioned base manure can provide Chinese yam to grow.Organic matter containing 75%-85% in cake fertilizer, nitrogenous 1.1-6.0%, phosphorus 0.4%-3.0%, potassium 0.9%-2.1%, also containing protein and amino acid etc.Nitrogen content in cake fertilizer is more, and majority is crude protein, easily decomposes, and fertilizer efficiency plays faster, can be crop and provides more comprehensive nutrient supply.Cake fertilizer can select soybean cake, colza cake, cottonseed cake etc., uses above-mentioned several cake fertilizer effect of increasing production best.Must become thoroughly decomposed before using, produce high heat after the cake fermentation of not becoming thoroughly decomposed, easily make crop root burn.Cake fertilizer becomes thoroughly decomposed method: about in the ratio poach of 1:1 after being pulverized by cake fertilizer, cover plastic foil and become thoroughly decomposed, within the temperature condition of 30 DEG C 50-60 days, can fully become thoroughly decomposed, period needs repeatedly turning, makes it become thoroughly decomposed evenly.
3, chesson
Carry out loosing soil with the two drill bit trepanning machines revolved apart from 70cm to yam planting ditch, the loose degree of depth is 80-120cm.Carry out loosing soil with two drill bit trepanning machine, can plough deeply soil, Chinese yam stem tuber easily grows downwards, makes Chinese yam product appearance mellow and full straight, and diameter reaches 3 centimetres, length more than 60 centimetres, superior in quality.
4, planting density
Wide-narrow row planting, wide row space 140cm, little line-spacing 80cm, spacing in the rows 20cm, plantation ditch depth 10-15cm.Wide-narrow row planting is convenient to field management, and large illumination is in the ranks abundant, can reduce between Chinese yam plant and mutually shade, make blade in uniform light, and light-receiving time extends, and greatly improves photosynthetic availability.Land resources and sunlight-heat reaources can be made full use of, alleviate between crop and win honour for, strive fertile contradiction, soil Zhong Shui, heat, gas, fertile effect can be given full play to, the nutriment of manufacture and the dry matter of accumulation many, be conducive to the increase of output.
5, implantation methods
Late March can be sowed to 10-20cm soil temperature mid-April more than 10 DEG C.The Chinese yam young plant weight cut is greater than 50g, and otch lime carries out disinfection, airing 10-15 days before plantation.Put Chinese yam young plant according to spacing in the rows, bury Tu Chenglong, every ridge 2 row.
6, irrigate band is laid
An irrigate band is laid on ridge, drips 24 hours, at every turn the every mu of amount of dripping 20-30m at every turn
3.Chinese yam is afraid of that flood is not drought-enduring yet, if too drought can have a strong impact on Chinese yam and expands, but then root is easily rotten at tuber expansion period hypervolia, and stem tuber is crisp, easily breaks.Chinese yam drip irrigation is planted, breeding time will according to a small amount of repeatedly, see and dryly see wet principle of pouring water, drip requirement uniformity, not non-irrigated not flooded.Gather and stop by the previous moon watering.
7, built
Use bamboo pole built.Frame height 120-130cm, man-like shelf.
8, gather
Manually to gather Chinese yam from trench digging in the middle of little line-spacing, dig a ditch and can to gather 2 row Chinese yams.
9, the storage of Chinese yam young plant
To the Chinese yam of commercial grade do not reached as Chinese yam young plant.Dig wide, the dark 200cm of 150cm, length fixed storagetank as required in the plot of plantation Chinese yam, Chinese yam young plant is placed in layering, every layer of Chinese yam young plant thickness 20cm, one deck soil one deck Chinese yam young plant, and every layer of native thickness is about 15cm.The first blinding 15cm of uppermost one deck Chinese yam, add thick soil stratum gradually according to mercury dropped situation, Chinese yam young plant will bury and be placed on below frozen soil layer.Adopt this method of storing on the spot, do not need special storage facilities, decrease transit link, reduce cost.Adopt 180 days shelf-lifves of above-mentioned storage procedures Chinese yam young plant.
Adopt drip irrigation cultivation method of the present invention to carry out yam planting, per mu yield can reach more than 2 tons, and Chinese yam product appearance is mellow and full straight, and diameter reaches 3 centimetres, length more than 60 centimetres, superior in quality.
Last it is noted that the foregoing is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not limited to the present invention, although with reference to previous embodiment to invention has been detailed description, for a person skilled in the art, it still can be modified to the technical scheme described in foregoing embodiments, or carries out equivalent replacement to wherein portion of techniques feature.Within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment done, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a Chinese yam drip irrigation cultivation method, is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
(1) sandy loam is selected to cultivate;
(2) base manure is applied: every mu applies chicken manure that 3-5 ton becomes thoroughly decomposed and the cake fertilizer that 300-500kg becomes thoroughly decomposed as base manure;
(3) chesson, the loose degree of depth is 80-120cm;
(4) planting density: adopt the mode of wide-and narrow-row to plant, wide row space 120-140cm, little line-spacing 70-80cm, spacing in the rows 20-30cm, plantation ditch depth 10-15cm;
(5) implantation methods and the time: 10-20cm soil temperature can be sowed more than 10 DEG C, the Chinese yam young plant weight cut is greater than 50g, and otch lime carries out disinfection, airing 10-15 days before plantation; Put Chinese yam young plant according to spacing in the rows, bury Tu Chenglong, every ridge 2 row;
(6) irrigate band is laid: on ridge, lay an irrigate band, drip 24 hours, at every turn the every mu of amount of dripping 20-30m at every turn
3, breeding time will according to a small amount of repeatedly, see and dryly see wet principle of pouring water, drip requirement uniformity, not non-irrigated not flooded, and the previous moon of gathering stops watering;
(7) built;
(8) gather: manually to gather Chinese yam from trench digging in the middle of little line-spacing, dig a ditch and can to gather 2 row Chinese yams.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the organic matter containing 75%-85% in cake fertilizer described in step (2), nitrogenous 1.1-6.0%, phosphorus 0.4%-3.0%, potassium 0.9%-2.1%.
3. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: cake fertilizer described in step (2) is the soybean cake, colza cake or the cottonseed cake that become thoroughly decomposed.
4. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: chesson described in step (3) carries out loosing soil with the two drill bit trepanning machines revolved apart from being 70cm to yam planting ditch.
5. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the step also having the storage of Chinese yam young plant in described step (8) afterwards, dig storagetank in the plot of plantation Chinese yam, Chinese yam young plant is placed in layering, every layer of Chinese yam young plant thickness 10-20cm, one deck soil one deck Chinese yam young plant, every layer of native thickness 10-15cm, the first blinding 10-15cm of uppermost one deck Chinese yam, add thick soil stratum gradually according to mercury dropped situation, Chinese yam young plant will bury and be placed on below frozen soil layer.
6. Chinese yam young plant storage procedures, it is characterized in that: be dig storagetank in the plot of plantation Chinese yam, Chinese yam young plant is placed in layering, every layer of Chinese yam young plant thickness 10-20cm, one deck soil one deck Chinese yam young plant, every layer of native thickness 10-15cm, the first blinding 10-15cm of uppermost one deck Chinese yam, add thick soil stratum gradually according to mercury dropped situation, Chinese yam young plant will bury and be placed on below frozen soil layer.
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105960971A (en) * | 2016-05-04 | 2016-09-28 | 瑞昌市惠农农产品有限公司 | Planting method for Chinese yam |
| CN106069054A (en) * | 2016-06-22 | 2016-11-09 | 李鸿亮 | A kind of Rhizoma Dioscoreae subsoiling ridging high yield cultivating method |
| CN106613170A (en) * | 2016-11-27 | 2017-05-10 | 刘雄 | Planting method of Chinese yams |
| CN107624320A (en) * | 2017-09-30 | 2018-01-26 | 宁夏佳禾恒农业开发有限公司 | The double ditch dense planting water-fertilizer integral implantation methods of Chinese yam |
| CN109105189A (en) * | 2018-07-11 | 2019-01-01 | 榆林市农业科学研究院 | A kind of yam planting method of wind sand grass shoal area |
| CN111713358A (en) * | 2020-06-28 | 2020-09-29 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Selenium-rich Chinese yam cultivation method |
| CN115152560A (en) * | 2022-08-26 | 2022-10-11 | 郭文同 | High-yield planting method for Dioscorea opposita |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105960971A (en) * | 2016-05-04 | 2016-09-28 | 瑞昌市惠农农产品有限公司 | Planting method for Chinese yam |
| CN106069054A (en) * | 2016-06-22 | 2016-11-09 | 李鸿亮 | A kind of Rhizoma Dioscoreae subsoiling ridging high yield cultivating method |
| CN106613170A (en) * | 2016-11-27 | 2017-05-10 | 刘雄 | Planting method of Chinese yams |
| CN107624320A (en) * | 2017-09-30 | 2018-01-26 | 宁夏佳禾恒农业开发有限公司 | The double ditch dense planting water-fertilizer integral implantation methods of Chinese yam |
| CN109105189A (en) * | 2018-07-11 | 2019-01-01 | 榆林市农业科学研究院 | A kind of yam planting method of wind sand grass shoal area |
| CN111713358A (en) * | 2020-06-28 | 2020-09-29 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Selenium-rich Chinese yam cultivation method |
| CN115152560A (en) * | 2022-08-26 | 2022-10-11 | 郭文同 | High-yield planting method for Dioscorea opposita |
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Application publication date: 20150715 |
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