CN104770045A - 设备到设备的分布式调度 - Google Patents

设备到设备的分布式调度 Download PDF

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CN104770045A
CN104770045A CN201380057571.2A CN201380057571A CN104770045A CN 104770045 A CN104770045 A CN 104770045A CN 201380057571 A CN201380057571 A CN 201380057571A CN 104770045 A CN104770045 A CN 104770045A
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block
tone
receiver
distributed scheduling
transmitter
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CN104770045B (zh
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李洪刚
李庆华
牛华宁
殷胡俊
朱媛
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Apple Inc
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Intel Corp
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Abstract

公开了一种用于在设备到设备(D2D)通信之间的传送的分布式调度的系统和方法。所述分布式调度方法采用了分布式调度结构，其中设备标识符，而非连接标识符，被用于使得无线邻居中的设备之间的D2D数据传送的调度能够进行。所述新的分布式调度结构与其说对于基于连接ID的音调矩阵是可行的，倒不如说可扩展到更多的D2D设备。

Description

设备到设备的分布式调度
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请请求于2012年12月3日提交的美国临时专利申请号为61/732,851的优先权。
技术领域
本申请涉及在3GPP LTE下进行设备到设备传送的分布式调度。
背景技术
在3GPP LTE(第三代合作伙伴计划-长期演进的简称)下支持设备到设备(D2D)通信，并且公司正在开发用于设备之间的分布式调度操作的方法。
D2D通信中的分布式调度为一种信道分配机制，其中信道请求和分配并非由中心设备来做出，而是由一对发送器和接收器设备自身做出。在这种机制下，多对设备可以共享信道资源。一种现有技术的解决方案采用基于音调矩阵的分布式调度。然而，提议的解决方案在传送空间中的发送器和接收器的数量上没有很好扩展。
因此，继续需要克服现有技术的缺陷的基于音调矩阵的D2D调度机制。
附图简要说明
随着通过参考下面结合附图时进行的详细描述，本文档的上述方面和许多伴随的优势变得更好理解，它们也将变得更容易意识到，其中，除非另外说明，否则贯穿各种附图，相同的参考数字指代相同的部分。
图1为根据一些实施例的用于D2D下的分布式调度操作的音调矩阵的框图；
图2为根据一些实施例示出了用于具有两个发送器和两个接收器的无线邻居的发送器-接收器对和连接ID的示图；
图3为根据一些实施例示出了音调矩阵如何用于图2的无线邻居中的分布式调度的示图；
图4为根据一些实施例示出了用于具有三个发送器和三个接收器的无线邻居的发送器-接收器对和连接ID的示图；
图5为根据一些实施例示出了音调矩阵如何用于图4的无线邻居中的分布式调度的示图；
图6A和图6B为根据一些实施例的采用基于设备ID的分布式调度方法以进行D2D传送的两个收发器的框图，其中，所述基于设备ID的分布式调度方法利用新的分布式调度结构；
图7为根据一些实施例的图6A或图6B的基于设备ID的分布式调度方法所使用的新的分布式调度结构的示图；
图8为根据一些实施例的图7的新的分布式调度结构的框图，其中图7的新的分布式调度结构以更为无定形的方位示出以表示该结构在时间和频率上是分布式的；
图9为根据一些实施例示出了新的分布式调度结构中的设备标识符的可能分布的示图；
图10为根据一些实施例示出了在不使用连接ID的情况下新的分布式调度结构如何用于D2D设备之间的分布式调度的示图；
图11A和图11B为根据一些实施例示出了分别由图7的基于设备ID的分布式调度方法使用的两个和四个音调DID的解决方案的示图；
图12为根据一些实施例示出了在不使用连接ID的情况下新的分布式调度结构如何用于D2D设备之间的分布式调度的第二示图；以及
图13为根据一些实施例示出了在不使用连接ID的情况下新的分布式调度结构如何用于D2D设备之间的分布式调度的第三示图。
详细描述
根据这里所描述的实施例，公开了用于D2D设备之间传送的分布式调度的系统和方法。分布式调度方法采用了一种新的分布式调度结构，其中利用设备ID，而非连接ID，能够调度无线邻居中的设备之间的D2D数据传送。分布式调度结构包括在频率和时间上物理分布的音调(tone)。所述新的分布式调度结构与其说对于基于连接ID的音调矩阵是可行的，倒不如说可扩展到更多的D2D设备。
在下面的详细描述中，将参考附图，附图通过图示示出可以实施这里所描述的主题的具体实施例。然而，应当理解，在阅读本公开后，对本领域的普通技术人员来说其他实施例将是显然的。因此，下面的详细描述并不被解释为限制意义，因为所述主题的范围通过权利要求限定。
图1为基于CID的分布式调度D2D方法100的框图。数据流30由多种控制信道(miscellaneous control channel)32和业务时隙(traffic slot)34组成。每一个业务时隙34由以下字段组成：竞争调度36、导频42、信道质量指示(CQI)44、数据部分46和确认48。
每一个业务时隙34包括由传送(TX)块54和接收(RX)块56组成的竞争调度头36。TX块54和RX块56一起被称为音调矩阵(tonematrix)50。音调矩阵50使无线邻居中潜在的发送器竞争业务时隙34中的数据部分46，因此允许与也在无线邻居中的接收器进行D2D通信。
音调矩阵50由各个音调52组成。音调52被启用或被禁用(ON或OFF)，这能够使发送器-接收器对之间的通信得以进行。音调矩阵50的TX块54被描绘为一个12×4格的圆点音调52，音调矩阵的RX块56被描绘为一个12×4格的棋盘音调。音调52占用TX块54和RX块56二者。根据无线邻居中的设备之间连接的数目，音调矩阵50可以变大或变小。
图2为示出了由四个用户构成的无线邻居200的框图。每一个用户可能为收发器，具有传送功能和接收功能二者。连接标识符(CID)，被表示为C1-C12，示出了每一个可能的用户配对，每一个CID被分派给两个用户之间的单向连接。因此，用户U1和用户U2之间的连接被分派为CIDC1，用户U2和用户U1之间的连接被分派为CID C2。CID是任意的，仅有的要求是两个用户之间的连接具有唯一的CID。如图2所示，四个用户可能有12个连接。
每一对用户被分派一个唯一的CID并被分配一个音调-对，一个在TX块54中，一个在RX块56中。音调对仅仅为位于TX块54中的音调52和RX块56中的相似音调(同一行，同一列)。当音调或“1”或ON值被置于构成该音调对的音调52的任一者或两者中时，参考分派给该音调对的CID(因而为连接的用户)。换言之，音调矩阵50中的特定的音调对(例如，TX块中的音调和RX块中的相似音调)被映射到特定的CID。因此，当发送器“发送TX块54的音调上的信号”时，这本质上意味着发送器启用音调矩阵50中的音调52的一个，所述音调之前与不同CID相关。为具有所述CID的连接的一部分的接收器因此被通知由所述发送器发出的信号。类似地，当接收器“发送RX块56的音调上的信号”时，同样地，接收器本质上启用音调矩阵50的RX块56中的音调52的一个，因此通知作为所述连接的一部分的发送器。通过这种方式，构成无线邻居的发送器和接收器具有用于彼此通信的机制，音调矩阵50。
在图2中，TX块54的前12个音调52被分配给由无线邻居200的CID C1-C12表示的十二个连接。类似地，RX块56的前12个音调被分配给由无线邻居200的CID C1-C12表示的十二个连接。因此，对于仅4个用户，因为总共24个音调52被分配在音调矩阵50中，所以存在表示12个CID，C1-C12，的十二个音调对。
在附图中，为了便于表述，按照数字顺序分配CID。然而，TX块54和RX块56的其他音调52可以被分派CID。例如，所述分派不需要是连续的或必须彼此相邻。进一步地，因为做出连接或者根据一些其他准则，CID可以被分派给音调对，并且不必要以数字顺序表示。尽管如此，如果TX块54的第一音调52被分配给特定的CID(在这种情形下，C1)，那么RX块56的第一音调52被分配该相同的CID，C1指代从U1到U2的单向连接。在音调矩阵50中，对音调对可以分配多达48个连接。
如果发送器具有将发送的数据，那么发送器将发送作为请求的TX块54的音调52上的信号。随后，为了确认请求，接收器发送RX块56的相似音调上的信号，音调和相似音调构成音调对。在接收到确认后，构成由CID引用的连接的两个用户，发送器和接收器，双方都已经知道待定的业务。因此，发送器能够发送数据部分46中的数据，知道接收器将获取数据。
图3示出了利用音调矩阵50来执行分布式调度的一种情景。在该示例中，U1和U2都想要向U3发送数据。该情景中的用户，U1、U2和U3，以垂直虚线示出。首先，用户U1和用户U2通过各自发送TX块54的音调52上的信号同时请求用户U3(其中根据图2中的CID分派来定位相关的CID，C1占用第一行第一列的音调对，C2占用第二行第一列的音调对，依此类推)。对于U1到U3，CID为C3并且CID位置为音调矩阵50的TX块54的第一列中的第三音调52；对于U2到U3，CID为C9并且CID位置为音调矩阵的TX块54的第一列中的第九音调52。
在该情形中，多个用户，U1和U2，具有将发送给第三用户U3的数据。为了解决这一问题，对每一音调52可以分派不同的优先权，从而占有更高优先权音调的CID优选于具有较低优先权的CID。音调矩阵50内的音调52中的CID的映射可以逐时隙被随机化，以保证用户之间的公平。在图3中，通过发送与CID C3相应的RX块56上的信号，用户U3接受用户U1请求，而用户U2请求被忽略。以这种方式，用户U1的传送请求被服务，并且用户U3知道随后获取数据。用户U2的传送请求将不得不在以后被服务。
因此音调矩阵50的TX块54和RX块56提供了这样一种机制：相连接的发送器-接收器对可以相互握手以开始数据传送。简单地讲，想要传送数据的发送器通过打开与期望的CID相关的TX块54中的相关音调52，使得期望的接收器知道，并且接收器通过打开所述CID的RX块56中的相似音调，接受请求的发送器中的一个的传送请求。
因为上述方案是基于CID的，音调矩阵50的每一个音调52可用于被映射至CID。当D2D设备数目N增长时，为了允许任意两个设备之间的直接通信，音调矩阵50的大小增长为N的平方，或N2。也就是，在TX块54和RX块56中都需要N2个音调。因此，支持具有多于大约30个用户(例如大约教室的大小)的D2D组，变得有问题。
例如，图4示出了扩展问题。这里，无线邻居300以五个用户，U1、U2、U3、U4和U5，为特征。可能有二十个可能的单向连接，因此建立二十个可能的CID，被表示为C1-C20。如果每一个连接与由TX块54的音调52和RX块56的相似音调构成的音调对相关，在音调矩阵50内分配了总共40个音调52(20个音调对)，以对仅五个用户提供服务。
随着N增长，音调矩阵50的大小也增长。在一些实施例中，通过以下公式给出音调对的数目：
音调对的数目＝2×N×(N-1)       (1)
因此，在有四个用户(图2和图3，N＝4)的情况下，支持D2D下的分布式调度所需要的音调52的数目为24(12个音调对)。在有五个用户(图4和图5，N＝5)的情况下，D2D下的分布式调度所需要的音调52的数目为40(20个音调对)。在有八个用户(N＝8)的情况下，分布式调度所需要的音调52的数目为112(56个音调对)。因此，对于大于7的N的值，只有48个音调对的音调矩阵50的大小将需要增长。
图5示出了用于使用音调矩阵50来执行三个用户(U1、U2和U4，每一个用户都想要与用户U3通信)之间的分布式调度的情景。再一次地，以垂直虚线示出用户。首先，用户U1、用户U2和用户U4通过各自发送相关CID(在该示例中，假定为图4的CID分配)所在的TX块54上的信号，同时请求用户U3。对U1到U3，CID为C3，CID位置为音调矩阵50的TX块54的第三块52；对U2到U3，CID为C9，CID位置为音调矩阵的TX块54的第七块52；对U4到U3，CID为C16，CID位置为音调矩阵的TX块的第十六块52。
在用户(发送器)已经用相关的CID占据TX块54后，用户(接收器)U3决定接受三个请求中的哪一个。在这种情形下，通过发送CID C16所位于的音调52上的信号，用户U3选择用户U4。选择某个用户而非另一个可能基于某个选取准则，不管是通过优先权方案，还是通过随机数方案。在图5中，通过发送与CID C16相应的RX块56的音调52上的信号，用户U3(接收器)接受用户U4(发送器)请求，U1和U2发送器请求被忽略。
对比无线邻居200(图2和图3)和300(图4和图5)，容易理解如果用户数目增长，音调矩阵50将很快耗尽分派给CID的音调52。例如，对30个发送器-接收器对之间的D2D传送，音调矩阵变得很庞大。
图6A为根据一些实施例的具有两个收发器160、170的无线邻居400的简化框图，其中，这两个收发器采用基于设备ID的分布式调度方法500。在该示例中，第一收发器160作为发送器操作，第二收发器170作为接收器操作。
每一个收发器包括天线154、前端132、无线电收发设备136、基带数字信号处理器(DSP)138和介质访问控制器(MAC)130。发送器160将功率放大器146包括在它的前端132中，接收器170将低噪音放大器148包括在它的前端中。发送器160包括数模转换器(DAC)134，接收器170包括模数转换器(ADC)142。收发器160、170事实上可以为任何无线设备(诸如膝上型计算机、蜂窝电话或其他无线系统)，并且可以作为发送器(发送模式)或作为接收器(接收模式)操作。
MAC 130包括嵌入的中央处理单元(CPU)124和数据存储器120，从而基于设备ID的分布式调度方法500(在一些实施例中，其一些部分是基于软件的)，可以被载入存储器并且由CPU执行。图6的描绘是MAC130的一个简化表示，并且省略了可以为MAC的一部分的其他设备、电路和逻辑元件。
MAC 130与通常在发送器和接收器中具有的如下所述的逻辑设备交互：前端132、DAC 134、ADC 142、无线电收发设备136和DSP 138。设备132、134、136、138和142在这里还被称为目标模块。目标模块以及MAC 130内的逻辑设备，可以由硬件、软件或硬件和软件组件的组合构成。
在大部分发送器和接收器中通常具有目标模块。FE 132与天线154连接，并且包括(用于发送器的)功率放大器(PA)、(用于接收器的)低噪声放大器(LNA)、用于在发送器和接收器模式之间切换的天线开关(未示出)。DAC 134被用于将来自于DSP 138的数字信号，在通过无线电收发设备传送之前转换为模拟信号(发送器)；相反地，ADC 142被用于将来自于无线电收发设备的模拟信号，在通过DSP 138处理之前转换为数字信号(接收器)。在发送器160，无线电收发设备136将信号从基带转换至载波频率；在接收器170，无线电收发设备136将信号从载波频率转换至基带。在接收器170，DSP 138解调来自于ADC 142的OFDM信号以用于由MAC 130处理。在发送器160，DSP 138将MAC数据调制为基带频率中的OFDM信号，并将生成的信号发送给DAC 134。
典型的传送操作如下发生：在发送器160，MAC 130向DSP 138发送分组。DSP 138将分组转化为数字的OFDM信号并将它发送DAC 134。DAC 134将信号转化为模拟信号，并将它发送至无线电收发设备136。无线电收发设备136将基带信号调制到载波频率，并将信号发送到前端132的功率放大器146，功率放大器146放大信号以适于通过天线154无线传送。
在接收器170，通过天线154接收信号。微弱的模拟信号被接收进入前端132的低噪声放大器148，将放大后的模拟信号发送给无线电收发设备136，无线电收发设备根据选择的频带对信号进行滤波，并将载波频率信号解调到基带。无线电收发设备136将模拟信号发送给ADC 142，ADC142将模拟信号转化为适于由DSP 138处理的数字信号。DSP 138解调OFDM信号，并将信号转化为MAC 130分组字节。未示出其他操作，诸如分组的加密和解密。在传送成功的情况下，由接收器170中的MAC 130接收的分组与由发送器160中的MAC 130传送的分组相同。
在MAC中，基于设备ID的分布式调度方法500采用了下面更详细地描述的新的修改后的分布式调度结构90，它替换音调矩阵50。基于设备ID的分布式调度方法500在一些实施例中以软件实现，软件被载入存储器120并由嵌入的CPU 124执行。在其他实施例中，如图6B所描述的，收发器160、170不包括MAC 130中的CPU 124。替代地，作为利用逻辑寄存器(192)实现的状态机，专用集成电路(ASIC)190可以驱动分布式调度方法500。例如，在低功耗很重要的系统中，图6B的ASIC解决方案可能优选于在图6A的基于MAC的实现。以下将更详细地描述基于设备ID的分布式调度方法500。
图7提出了根据一些实施例的基于设备ID的分布式调度方法500的另一示图。与图1的描绘类似，在第二基于设备ID的分布式调度方法500中，数据流60由多种控制信道62和业务时隙64构成。每一个业务时隙64由以下字段构成：竞争调度66、导频72、CQI 74、数据部分76和确认78。
根据一些实施例，图7中更详细地示出了图6的MAC 130中具有的新的分布式调度结构90。每一个业务时隙64包括由分布式调度结构90构成的竞争调度头66。在竞争调度头66中，定义了由两个宏块构成的音调矩阵90、接收器识别块(RX ID块92)和发送器识别块(TX ID块94)。为了简化，分布式调度结构90在附图中被描述为矩形结构，与音调矩阵50(图1-5)类似。根据一些实施例，图6提出了一种分布式调度结构90的更为现实的表示。
分布式调度结构90使无线邻居中的潜在发送器能够竞争业务时隙中的数据部分76，并且能够有效地与潜在接收器通信以确保数据部分的成功接收。分布式调度结构90由各个音调82构成。音调82被ON或OFF信号占据，允许发送器和接收器在无线邻居中彼此通信。利用基于设备ID的分布式调度方法500(图7)与基于CID的分布式调度方法100(图1)对比，不必建立发送器和接收器之间的连接，因此分布式调度结构90首先建立发送器-接收器连接，然后使得发送器-接收器对之间的通信能够进行。
在(以斜线条纹表示的)RX ID块92中，每一个音调对被映射到接收器设备ID(DID)，而不是CID，并且在(采用水平条纹表示的)TX ID块94中，每一个音调对被映射到发送器DID。在图7中，RX ID块92中的音调82A和音调82B构成了被映射到接收器DID的单个音调对。音调82B可以被认为与音调82A相似，反之亦然。TX ID块94中的音调82C和音调82D同样构成被映射到发送器DID的音调对。音调82C可以被认为与音调82D相似，反之亦然。
在RX ID块92和TX ID块94两者中，存在传送块84(圆点)、传送块88(密圆点)、接收块86(棋盘式)和接收块96(水平虚线)，分别使发送器和接收器能够发送请求和响应。因此，在RX ID块内，音调对的第一音调82A位于传送块84内，第二音调82B位于接收块86内。类似地，在TX ID块94内，音调对的第一音调82C位于TX块88内，第二音调82D位于接收块96内。
分布式调度结构90能够进行两步调度操作。在第一步中，可以在RXID块中确定RX DID。在第二步中，可以在TX ID块中确定TX DID，从而完成完整的调度。
在一些实施例中，分布式调度结构90被用于映射设备标识符(DID)，而非CID。这将分布式调度结构90的大小需求从N2(图1中的音调矩阵50的大小需求)降低为N，其中N为用户的数目，每个用户最可能具有发送和接收功能二者(例如，收发器)。分布式调度结构90中所需的音调对的数目的公式如下给出：
音调对的数目＝4×N          (2)
因此，对具有八个用户的无线邻居，所需的音调对的数目为32，在RX ID块92中占用了16个音调82，在TX ID块94中占用了16个音调。由于DID的数目随着N而非N2线性增长，在一些实施例中，相对于使用基于CID的分布式调度方法100，竞争开销降低N倍。
为了简化，在图9、图10、图11A、图11B、图12和图13中，分布式调度结构90被描述为像图1-5的音调矩阵50一样，也就是说，像具有线性组织的连续音调82的矩形结构一样。然而，更精确的是，对于音调82在时间和频率上的物理分布，将分布式调度结构90想象成更为无定形的结构。
图8示出了在一些实施例中，具有RX ID块92和TX ID块94二者的分布式调度结构90，其中，两块不必要在大小上相等。RX ID块92包括由音调82组成的TX块84和RX块86；同样，TX ID块94包括由音调82组成的TX块88和RX块96。构成RX ID块96的TX块84的音调82不必要在时间或频率上相邻，而是可以分散在时间段或者频率范围中。类似地，构成RX块86、TX块88和RX块96的音调82包含在时间段或频率范围上不相邻的音调82。
因此，在一些实施例中，分布式调度结构90包括足够的音调82，以使得无线邻居中的每一个发送器和每一个接收器能够被音调中的一个表示。尽管分布式调度结构90的随后的示图描述了矩形结构，但是图8提供了结构内的无序的更为现实的表示。
对D2D设备组，每一个设备被分派为组内唯一的设备ID(DID)。根据一些实施例，如图9所示，DID被映射到RX ID块92和TX ID块94中的N个音调中的一个，其中，N为用户的数目。在图9中，无线邻居600由16个用户68组成。每一个用户68被认为是收发器，具有传送功能和接收功能二者。尽管如此，根据他们当前的功能描述用户68。因此，16个收发器68被描述为八个接收器RX1-RX8和八个发送器TX1-TX8。
与上面的现有技术的示例相比，在一些实施例中，对基于设备ID的分布式调度500，在发送器和接收器之间还未建立连接，也不需要这种连接。接收器RX1-RX8分别具有相关的DID，DR1-DR8，发送器TX1-TX8分别具有相关的DID，DT1-DT8。尽管在TX块84和TX块86中，设备ID看起来以数字顺序表示，但是设备ID可以以多种排列来占据块。
图10示出了根据一些实施例的利用基于设备ID的音调矩阵90执行的基于设备ID的分布式调度方法500。在该示例中，假设发送器TX4和发送器TX8二者都具有将发送给接收器RX3的数据。发送器首先通过发送为接收器的标识分配的音调92上的信号来呼叫接收器。在这些示例中，DR3被用作接收器RX3的DID(在该示例中，假设图9的DID音调分派)。这里，发送器TX4和TX8发送用于在RX ID块92的TX块84中的RX3的相同音调92，以使RX3和其他接收器知道已做出请求(步骤1)。尽管如此，在RX ID块92的TX块84中，只有RX3的DID(DR3)可见。
如果接收器看到有人呼叫了它的设备ID，接收器在被分配的音调92中响应。由于TX块84的第三音调92被用于RX3的DID，RX块86的第三音调同样被用于接收器RX3的确认。在图10中，通过发送在RX ID块92的RX块86的相似位置中的作为确认(ACK)的信号，接收器RX3做出响应(步骤2)。
本质上，接收器RX3要求发送器发送它在随后的TX ID块94中的DID。在只有单个发送器竞争单个接收器的情况下，在RX ID块92中执行的两个操作，即，发送器通过发送为接收器分配的音调92上的信号请求连接至接收器，和接收器确认它可用，将发送器和接收器配对。在一些实施例中，接收器DID，而非发送器DID，被存储于RX ID块92。
在如图10中存在多个发送器呼叫同一接收器的情况下，在RX ID块92中发生的第二步仅为由接收器进行的可用性确认。因此，在图10中，接收器可能需要选择发送器中的一个或者安排传送顺序。如果碰撞率低，该选择可以跳过。否则，在发送数据前，同一接收器的竞争的发送器可以发送信号以对它们区分。
这在图10的第三步中示出。由于发送器TX4和TX8都看到了来自于接收器RX3的响应，发送器TX4和TX8相应地发送为音调矩阵90的TXID块94的TX块88中的TX4和TX8分配的它们的音调上的信号，TX4的DID为DT4，TX8的DID为DT8(步骤3)。通过提供DID，该第三步识别对发送器RX3的接收器。这使得接收器RX3在发送器TX4和TX8之间做出最后选择。接收器RX3通过将发送器TX4的DID(DT4)放入TX ID块94的RX块96的相似位置中，选择TX4进行连接和数据传送(步骤4)。在一些实施例中，基于一些准则，诸如发送器或连接优先权，进行发送器选择。
在一些实施例中，为了减少竞争，使用音调矩阵90的多于一个的音调92。例如，可以使用两个音调92或四个音调。在一些实施例中，基于设备ID的分布式调度方法500的第一目标是配对发送器和接收器。
图11A和图11B分别示出了两个无线邻居600和650。在第一无线邻居600中，存在作为发送器(TX1-TX3)操作的三个收发器68，并且存在作为接收器(RX1-RX4)操作的四个收发器。两个音调，由DR1a和DR1b给出，被映射到与接收器RX1相关的DID。类似地，接收器RX2具有映射到它的DID的两个音调，由DR2a和DR2b给出。当在音调矩阵90中为每一个设备ID分配两个音调82时可以支持的无线邻居的大小将会减小。
在图11B中，无线邻居650包括五个收发器68，三个操作为接收器，RX1-RX3，两个操作为发送器，TX1和TX2。这次，为每个设备ID分配四个音调82。当在一些实施例中两个音调和四个音调的解决方案有助于减少竞争时，音调矩阵90支持的无线邻居600、650中的收发器68的数目少于使用单音调的解决方案。
如果存在多个发送器请求向相同的接收器发送，接收器RX3可以选择发送器中的一个，并调度数据部分76以便于选择的发送器发送数据。在一些实施例中，利用基于设备ID的分布式调度方法500，焦点是选择一个发送器来发送数据。在图10所描述的操作的最后一步中，通过将TX4的DID(DT4)放入相似音调92位置，接收器RX3通知在TX ID块94的RX块96中选择的发送器TX4。
为了区分发送器TX4和TX8，为每一个发送器DID，可以或可以不分派唯一的音调92。理由如下。首先，在D2D传送中，多发送器同时竞争相同的接收器的机会可能很低。第二，少数音调可用于根据其ID或优先权选择的每一个竞争的发送器。只要音调选择的碰撞率足够低，比如1％，在一些实施例中，没有必要对每一个发送器分配不同的音调。
在另一示例中，如果在例如从发送器TX2到接收器RX7的传送请求期间，存在另一个传送请求，在一些实施例中，存在两种解决方案。第一解决方案采取如果准备好接收被呼叫的接收器总是响应的准则。
图12示出了根据一些实施例的该第一解决方案。通过发送相关的TX块84的音调92上的信号，发送器TX2请求与接收器RX7连接(步骤1)。发送器TX2所不知道的另一发送器，通过发送相关的TX块的音调上的信号，请求与接收器RX3连接(步骤2)。
然后，发送器TX2从RX ID块92的RX块86发现，接收器RX3和接收器RX7都做出响应(步骤3)。进一步地，发送器TX2得知从接收器RX3和RX7所接收的功率很强。因此，基于接收器RX3比其期望的接收器RX7具有更高的优先权，发送器TX2退出对接收器RX7的进一步的传送(步骤4)。发送器TX2从接收器功率估计它对接收器RX3的潜在干扰，并因为与接收器RX7的响应相比，接收器RX3的响应使用了更高优先权的音调92，而确定放弃这次请求。在图12中，虚线箭头表示失败的(未完成的)业务，其中如果发送器未退出(TX2的设备ID DT2为斜体)，发送器TX2就会识别自身为请求的发送器。
图13中描述了根据一些实施例的第二种解决方案。对第二种解决方案，如之前的，发送器TX2请求与接收器RX7连接(步骤1)。发送器TX2所不知道的另一发送器，请求与接收器RX3连接(步骤2)。这一次，是被请求的接收器，而非请求的发送器，做出动作：接收器RX7考虑来自RX3的发送器的预料的干扰和RX ID块92中所表示的优先权。尽管发送器TX2不知道请求连接至接收器RX3的发送器，接收器RX7仍然能够计算它关于发送器TX2和接收器RX7之间的期望的传送的预料的干扰。进一步地，接收器RX7知道RX ID块92中的音调82的优先权。基于这两个信息元素，接收器RX7不在RX ID块92的RX块中对它的请求的发送器TX2做出响应。在图12中，虚线箭头表示失败的(未完成的)业务，其中如果接收器RX7(RX7的设备ID DR7为斜体)已做出响应，接收器RX7就会识别自身为可用。
通过利用该方法，可以节省调度开销，尤其是当设备的数目巨大时。对N个设备，如果任意两个设备之间存在直接链路(发送器到接收器)，与现有技术的基于CID的分布式调度方法100(图1)中的2×N×(N-1)相比，在RX ID块92和TX ID块94中都将需要4×N个音符(note)。表1示出了在一些实施例中将被实现的节省。
表1   设备数目的调度开销节省
N 音调数，现有技术 音调数，提议的 以％表示的节省
5 40 20 50％
10 180 40 78％
20 760 80 89％
如图11A和11B所示，为了表示传送的优先权，一个接收器可以具有多个DID或音调92。发送器可以从它们中选择适当的接收器DID来表示传送的优先权。
尽管针对有限数目的实施例描述了本申请，但是本领域的技术人员将从中领会多种修改和变形。所附的权利要求意图覆盖落入本发明的真正精神和范围内的所有这样的修改和变形。

Claims (20)

1.一种收发器，能够与无线邻居中的其他收发器建立设备到设备的联系，所述收发器包括：
分布式调度结构，包括多个音调；和
逻辑，用于
传送在分布式调度结构的第一传送块的音调上的信号；
接收在第一接收块的相似音调上的确认信号；
传送在第二传送块的第二音调上的第二信号，其中所述第二音调识别对所述接收器请求的发送器；
响应于接收在第二接收块的第二相似音调上的第二确认信号，向所述接收器传送数据。
2.如权利要求1所述的收发器，所述分布式调度结构进一步包括：
接收器(RX)标识符(ID)块，包括被映射到在无线邻居中作为接收器操作的收发器的设备ID(DID)的音调对，其中所述RX ID块包括所述第一传送块和所述第一接收块；和
发送器(TX)ID块，包括被映射到在无线邻居中作为发送器操作的收发器的DID的音调对，其中所述TX ID块包括所述第二传送块和所述第二接收块。
3.如权利要求2所述的收发器，其中所述第一传送块、所述第一接收块、所述第二传送块和所述第二接收块各自包括预定数目的音调，并且所述RX ID块的所述TX块中的一个或多个音调以及所述RX ID块的所述RX块中的一个或多个相似音调映射到单个接收器DID。
4.如权利要求2所述的收发器，其中所述第一音调和第一相似音调包括所述RX ID块中的第一音调对。
5.如权利要求4所述的收发器，其中所述第一音调对被映射到所述接收器的DID。
6.如权利要求1所述的收发器，其中所述逻辑包括由中央处理单元执行的软件程序。
7.如权利要求1所述的收发器，其中所述逻辑包括驱动利用逻辑寄存器实现的状态机的专用集成电路。
8.如权利要求1所述的收发器，其中所述分布式调度结构为数据流的业务时隙的竞争调度字段的一部分。
9.如权利要求3所述的收发器，其中所述RX ID块的所述TX块中的两个音调和所述RX ID块的所述RX块的两个相似音调映射到单个接收器DID。
10.如权利要求3所述的收发器，其中所述RX ID块的所述TX块中的四个音调和所述RX ID块的所述RX块中的四个相似音调映射到单个接收器DID。
11.一种用于在无线邻居中的收发器之间进行设备到设备(D2D)传送的分布式调度方法，所述方法包括：
由作为请求的发送器操作的收发器，传送在分布式调度结构的第一部分的音调上的信号，所述分布式调度结构包括被分配给四个不同部分的多个音调；
由作为请求的发送器操作的收发器，响应于已经接收在所述分布式调度结构的第三第二的相似音调上的确认信号，传送在所述分布式调度结构的第二部分的第二音调上的第二信号，
其中，所述音调和相似音调包括第一音调对，并且第二音调识别对接收器请求的发送器。
12.如权利要求11所述的方法，进一步包括：
通过所述请求的发送器，响应于接收在所述分布式调度结构的第四部分的第二相似音调上的第二确认信号，向所述接收器发送数据，其中所述第二音调和所述第二相似音调包括第二音调对。
13.如权利要求11所述的方法，其中所述第一部分包括所述分布式调度结构的接收器(RX)标识符(ID)块的传送(TX)块。
14.如权利要求11所述的方法，其中所述第二部分包括所述分布式调度结构的TX ID块的TX块。
15.如权利要求13所述的方法，其中所述第三部分包括所述分布式调度结构的RX ID块的RX块。
16.如权利要求14所述的方法，其中所述第四部分包括所述分布式调度结构的TX ID块的RX块。
17.如权利要求11所述的方法，进一步包括：
通过所述请求的发送器，获取所述确认信号被映射到的接收器(RX)设备ID(DID)的优先权；
通过所述请求的发送器，将所述优先权与第二RX DID的第二优先权进行比较，其中被映射到第二RX DID的第三音调位于所述分布式调度结构的所述第三部分；
通过所述请求的发送器，基于所述第二RX DID具有比所述RX DID高的优先权，拒绝与所述接收器进行进一步通信。
18.一种用于在无线邻居中的收发器之间进行设备到设备(D2D)传送的分布式调度方法，所述方法包括：
通过作为被请求的接收器操作的收发器，将分布式调度结构的接收器(RX)标识符(ID)块的传送(TX)块的音调上的信号映射到第一接收器的设备ID(DID)，所述分布式调度结构包括多个音调，其中所述RXID块的所述TX块中的一个或多个音调映射到单个收发器DID；
通过作为被请求的接收器操作的收发器，将所述分布式调度结构的所述RX ID块的所述TX块的第二音调上的第二信号映射到所述被请求的接收器的DID；
通过作为被请求的接收器操作的收发器，基于所述被请求的接收器的DID具有比所述第一接收器的DID低的优先权，拒绝响应传送请求。
19.如权利要求18所述的分布式调度方法，其中所述RX ID块的TX块中的两个音调映射到单个接收器DID。
20.如权利要求18所述的分布式调度方法，其中所述RX ID块的TX块中的四个音调映射到单个接收器ID。
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