CN104723613A - 含有表面处理层的接地螺栓和接地螺栓的表面处理方法 - Google Patents

含有表面处理层的接地螺栓和接地螺栓的表面处理方法 Download PDF

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CN104723613A
CN104723613A CN201410495762.3A CN201410495762A CN104723613A CN 104723613 A CN104723613 A CN 104723613A CN 201410495762 A CN201410495762 A CN 201410495762A CN 104723613 A CN104723613 A CN 104723613A
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zinc
earth stud
plated
rete
surface treatment
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沈揆晚
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Hyundai Motor Co
Kia Corp
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Kia Motors Corp
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    • B32B1/00—Layered products having a non-planar shape
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    • F16B35/00—Screw-bolts; Stay-bolts; Screw-threaded studs; Screws; Set screws
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Abstract

本发明提供具有表面处理层的接地螺栓和接地螺栓的表面处理方法。表面处理包括镀锡-锌层、有色铬酸盐膜层和硅酸盐涂层。由于具有表面处理层的接地螺栓具有改善的电导率和防锈特性，因此可保护适于车辆的电气/电子部件免受电磁冲击，并去除来自其的噪声，从而改善车身的可靠性。

Description

含有表面处理层的接地螺栓和接地螺栓的表面处理方法
技术领域
本发明涉及包括表面处理层的接地螺栓及其表面处理方法，该表面处理层可包括：镀锡-锌层；有色铬酸盐膜层；以及硅酸盐涂层。特别地，本发明提供具有改善的电导率和防锈特性的接地螺栓的表面处理层。因此，可保护适于车辆的电气或电子部件免受电磁冲击，并可去除来自其的噪声，从而改善车身的可靠性。
背景技术
如图1所示，接地螺栓可保护车辆的电气/电子部件免受电磁冲击而且抑制来自其的噪声。实际上，接地螺栓是车辆的安全相关部件，因此应保持接地螺栓的电导率和防锈特性。在常规技术中，典型的接地螺栓可具有表面处理层以改善电导率和防锈特性，如图2所示。例如，常规表面处理层可通过镀覆包括约12～18wt％的高浓度镍的锌-镍并在其上施加黑色铬酸盐膜层来形成。
尽管这样的镀锌-镍层具有较好的耐腐蚀性，但其电导率可能较差。因此，当出现如下问题，例如车身电镀的较差去除、不符合夹紧扭矩和接地螺栓的形成脱除时，发动机可能因镀锌-镍层的较差接地而被损坏，如图3所示。
因此，已做出一些努力以解决上述技术困难。例如，已报道用铬酸盐膜和硅类涂覆溶液涂覆镀锌钢板的方法。然而，当将接地螺栓应用于车辆发动机舱时，电导率的改善是不足的。因此，期望开发接地螺栓的表面处理方法和由此制造的接地螺栓，从而通过保护车辆中的电气/电子部件免受电磁冲击、去除噪声并提供显著增强的耐蚀性和电导率来改善车身的可靠性。
上述在该背景技术部分公开的信息仅用于增强对本发明背景的理解，因此其可能含有不构成在该国本领域普通技术人员已经知晓的现有技术的信息。
发明内容
本发明提供具有改善的电导率和防锈特性的接地螺栓的表面处理方法。特别地，本发明提供可在由铁制成的接地螺栓的表面上形成的镀锡-锌层、有色铬酸盐膜层和硅酸盐涂层。因此，与仅具有镀锌-镍层和铬酸盐膜层的常规接地螺栓相比，所制造的接地螺栓可具有改善的电导率，从而引起防锈特性和耐蚀性的改善。
在一方面，本发明提供具有包括镀层的表面处理层的接地螺栓，其可包括镀锡-锌层、有色铬酸盐膜层和硅酸盐涂层。在示例性实施方式中，表面处理层从接地螺栓的表面开始可具有镀锡-锌层、有色铬酸盐膜层和硅酸盐涂层的顺序层压结构。在另一示例性实施方式中，镀锡-锌层可通过镀覆基于锡-锌镀液总重量含有约70wt％或更多的锡的镀液来形成。在再一示例性实施方式中，镀锡-锌层可具有约8～12μm的厚度。
此外，在又一示例性实施方式中，有色铬酸盐膜层可具有约1μm或更小的厚度。在再又一示例性实施方式中，硅酸盐涂层可具有约1μm或更小的厚度。在另一方面，本发明提供用于接地螺栓的表面处理的方法，其可包括：
(i)用基于锡-锌镀液的总重量含有约70wt％或更多的锡的镀液镀覆接地螺栓，从而形成镀锡-锌层；
(ii)使用包括铬酸或重铬酸盐的溶液在镀锡-锌层上形成膜，以形成有色铬酸盐膜层；以及
(iii)在有色铬酸盐膜层上施加硅酸盐溶液，从而形成硅酸盐涂层。
在示例性实施方式中，镀锡-锌层可具有约8～12μm的厚度。在另一示例性实施方式中，有色铬酸盐膜层可具有约1μm或更小的厚度。在又一示例性实施方式中，硅酸盐涂层可具有约1μm或更小的厚度。
附图说明
现在将参考附图图示的本发明的某些示例性实施方式来详细地描述本发明的上述和其它特征，下文给出的这些实施方式仅仅用于示例说明，因此不是对本发明的限制，其中：
图1是根据相关技术的可安装有接地螺栓的车辆发动机的示例性示意图；
图2示出根据相关技术的用于常规接地螺栓的表面处理层的示例性示意图；
图3示出根据相关技术的在发动机舱中具有较差接地的发动机的示例性示意图；
图4示出根据本发明的示例性实施方式的接地螺栓的表面处理层的示例性示意图；
图5示出根据本发明的示例性实施方式的与用于后处理以形成硅酸盐涂层的稀硅酸盐溶液的浓度相应的电导率、耐蚀性和制造成本的示例性图；
图6是示出根据本发明的示例性实施方式的测试例1的电导率测试期间的压降的示例性图；
图7示出根据本申请的示例性实施方式的测试例1的比较例1和实施例1的电导率测试的示例性结果；
图8示出根据本申请的示例性实施方式的测试例2的比较例2和实施例1的盐雾测试后接地螺栓的示例性影像；
图9示出根据本申请的示例性实施方式的测试例2的比较例2和实施例1的循环腐蚀测试后接地螺栓的示例性影像。
应当理解到，所附的附图并非必然是按比例的，其说明了本发明基本原理的各种示例性特征的一定程度上简化的代表。本文公开的本发明的具体设计特征，包括，例如，具体大小、方向、位置和形状将部分取决于具体的既定用途和使用环境。在附图中，附图标记在几张图中通篇指代本发明的相同或等同部件。
具体实施方式
应理解，本文使用的术语“车辆”或“车辆的”或其它类似术语包括通常的机动车，例如，包括多功能运动车(SUV)、公共汽车、卡车、各种商务车的客车，包括各种船只和船舶的水运工具，飞行器等等，并且包括混合动力车、电动车、插入式混合电动车、氢动力车和其它代用燃料车(例如，来源于石油以外的资源的燃料)。如本文所提到的，混合动力车是具有两种或多种动力源的车辆，例如，具有汽油动力和电动力的车辆。
本文使用的术语仅仅是为了说明具体实施方式的目的而不是意在限制本发明。如本文所使用的，单数形式“一个、一种(a、an)”和“该(the)”也意在包括复数形式，除非上下文中清楚指明。还可以理解的是，在说明书中使用的术语“包括(comprises和/或comprising)”是指存在所述特征、整数、步骤、操作、元件和/或部件，但是不排除存在或添加一个或多个其它特征、整数、步骤、操作、元件、部件和/或其群组。如本文所使用的，术语“和/或”包括一个或多个相关所列项目的任何和所有组合。
除非特别说明或从上下文明显得到，否则本文所用的术语“约”理解为在本领域的正常容许范围内，例如在均值的2个标准偏差内。“约”可以理解为在所述数值的10％、9％、8％、7％、6％、5％、4％、3％、2％、1％、0.5％、0.1％、0.05％或0.01％内。除非另外从上下文清楚得到，本文提供的所有数值都由术语“约”修饰。
下面将详细地参照本发明的各个实施方式，其实施例图示在所附附图中，并在下文加以描述。尽管将结合示例性实施方式描述本发明，但应当理解，本说明书无意于将本发明局限于这些示例性实施方式。相反，本发明不仅要涵盖这些示例性实施方式，还要涵盖由所附权利要求所限定的本发明的主旨和范围内的各种替代形式、修改、等效形式和其它实施方式。
在下文中将详细描述本发明。
在一方面，本发明提供具有包括镀层的表面处理层的接地螺栓，其可包括镀锡-锌层、有色铬酸盐膜层和硅酸盐涂层。表面处理层在由铁制成的接地螺栓的表面上可具有镀锡-锌层、有色铬酸盐膜层和硅酸盐涂层的顺序层压结构，如图4所示。
在示例性实施方式中，镀锡-锌层可通过电镀基于锡-锌镀液的总重量含有约70wt％或更多的锡的镀液来形成，但可以不限于该镀覆方法。镀锡-锌层可赋予电导率，并可具有约8～12μm的厚度。当镀层的厚度小于约8μm时，可能无法实现耐蚀性。当镀层的厚度大于约12μm时，由于镀层的厚度过大，因此生产率可能降低，制造成本可能增加，并且粘合特性可能较差。在其他示例性实施方式中，有色铬酸盐膜层可对镀锡-锌层提供防锈特性。另外，有色铬酸盐膜可具有约1μm或更小的厚度。另外，硅酸盐涂层可保持电导率并改善防锈特性。硅酸盐涂层可具有约1μm或更小的厚度。另外，可以无任何限制地使用通过将硅石(SiO2)与一种或多种金属氧化物组合而生成的硅酸盐。特别地，与不包括任何经硅酸盐的后处理的接地螺栓的常规表面处理相比，本发明可经硅酸盐施加后处理以进一步改善电导率。特别地，通过考虑增加的制造成本相对于获得的效果，硅酸盐化合物可基于含水量以约30～40％的浓度包括约5～10wt％的硅石。
图5示出包括与用于后处理以形成硅酸盐涂层的稀硅酸盐溶液的各种浓度相应的电导率、耐蚀性和制造成本的示例性图。在图5中，电导率可从约0.1mV/A稍微改变至约0.16mV/A，而不管硅酸盐化合物浓度的改变。相比之下，耐蚀性可逐渐提高，因为硅酸盐化合物浓度越高，耐蚀性可改善得越多。然而，考虑增加的制造成本，根据示例性实施方式的硅酸盐溶液的最佳浓度范围基于含水量可在约30～40％的范围内。
在另一方面，本发明提供用于接地螺栓的表面处理的方法，其可包括：(i)用基于锡-锌镀液的总重量含有约70wt％或更多的锡的镀液镀覆接地螺栓，以形成镀锡-锌层；(ii)使用包括铬酸或重铬酸盐的溶液在镀锡-锌层上形成膜，以形成有色铬酸盐膜层；以及(iii)在有色铬酸盐膜层上施加硅酸盐溶液，以形成硅酸盐涂层。
在示例性实施方式中，步骤(i)可通过用基于锡-锌镀液的总重量含有约70wt％或更多的锡的锡-锌镀液镀覆接地螺栓来形成镀锡-锌层。该镀锡-锌层的形成可具有优点，即优于常规镀锌-镍层的电导率。另外，镀覆步骤可通过在约0.5～0.6A/dm2的电流密度并在约25℃处理接地螺栓约80min来执行，以形成具有约8～12μm厚度的镀锡-锌层。在某些示例性实施方式中，镀覆条件可基于操作条件而变化。当镀锡-锌层的厚度小于约8μm时，可能无法实现耐蚀性。当镀锡-锌层的厚度大于约12μm时，由于镀锡-锌层的厚度过大，因此生产率可能降低，制造成本可能增加，并且粘合特性可能较差。
在其他示例性实施方式中，步骤(ii)可包括通过使用含有铬酸或重铬酸盐作为主要组分的溶液形成膜层，而在镀锡-锌层上形成有色铬酸盐膜层。有色铬酸盐膜层的形成可改善镀锡-锌层的防锈特性。另外，步骤(ii)的处理接地螺栓的操作可在约40℃实施约1min，以形成有色铬酸盐膜层。进一步地，有色铬酸盐膜层可具有约1μm或更小的厚度。特别地，用于形成有色铬酸盐膜层的条件可基于操作条件而变化。
在另一示例性实施方式中，步骤(iii)可包括通过在有色铬酸盐膜层上施加硅酸盐溶液来形成硅酸盐涂层。特别地，有色铬酸盐膜层可经硅酸盐溶液在约25℃处理约30sec，以形成硅酸盐涂层。另外，硅酸盐涂层可具有约1μm或更小的厚度。特别地，用于形成硅酸盐涂层的条件可基于操作条件而变化。
在本发明的又一示例性实施方式中，所制造的表面处理层从由铁制成的接地螺栓的表面开始可具有镀锡-锌层、有色铬酸盐膜层和硅酸盐涂层的顺序层压结构。因此，本发明可提供接地螺栓，与具有镀锌层和黑色铬酸盐层的常规接地螺栓相比，其由于表面处理层的改善的耐蚀性、防锈特性和电导率，可保护车辆的电气/电子部件免受电磁冲击并抑制噪声。
以下实施例示例说明本发明并且不意图限制本发明。
实施例1
在约0.5～0.6A/dm2的电流密度并在约25℃的温度的条件下，用基于锡-锌镀液的总重量包括约70wt％或更多的锡的锡-锌镀液处理接地螺栓约80min，从而形成具有约8μm厚度的镀锡-锌层。随后，用包括铬酸或重铬酸盐作为主要组分的溶液在约40℃处理接地螺栓约1min，以形成具有约1μm或更小厚度的有色铬酸盐膜层。此后，用硅酸盐溶液在约25℃处理接地螺栓的有色铬酸盐膜层约30sec，以形成具有约1μm或更小厚度的硅酸盐涂层。结果，制造了包括镀锡-锌层、有色铬酸盐膜层和硅酸盐涂层的表面处理层的接地螺栓。
比较例1
在约0.5～0.6A/dm2的电流密度并在约25℃的温度的条件下，用锌-镍镀液处理接地螺栓约80min，以形成具有约8μm厚度的镀锌-镍层，随后经黑色铬酸盐处理。结果，制造了包括镀锌-镍层和黑色铬酸盐层的接地螺栓。
比较例2
在约0.5～0.6A/dm2的电流密度并在约25℃的温度的条件下，用基于锡-锌镀液的总重量包括约70wt％或更多的锡的锡-锌镀液处理接地螺栓约80min，以形成具有约8μm厚度的镀锡-锌层。然后，用包括铬酸或重铬酸盐作为主要组分的溶液在约40℃处理接地螺栓约1min，以形成具有约1μm或更小厚度的有色铬酸盐膜层。结果，制造了包括镀锡-锌层和有色铬酸盐膜层的表面处理层的接地螺栓。
对根据实施例1和比较例1-2形成表面处理层的接地螺栓根据以下方法进行电导率和防锈特性的测量。
测试例1：电导率测试
如图6所示，通过电沉积钢板(例如封底焊接螺母)、将接地螺栓插入而紧固钢板从而与端子一起测量、使用基本上恒定的电流电路将约1V施加到端子、并测量从中生成的电阻值，来执行电导率测试。测试重复约8次。结果在表1中示出且由图7中的图表示。
[表1]
#1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 #7 #8 最小值 最大值 平均值
比较例1 0.80 2.79 2.52 0.83 2.98 0.64 0.64 1.07 0.64 2.98 1.53
实施例1 0.10 0.16 0.10 0.15 0.12 0.16 0.10 0.16 0.10 0.16 0.13
在表1和图7中，尽管比较例1的平均电阻是约1.53mΩ(mv/A)，但实施例1的平均电阻是约0.13mΩ(mv/A)。因此，根据本发明的接地螺栓的电导率可显著改善约12倍或更大。
测试例2：防锈特性测试(整体测试)
(1)盐雾测试(SST)：根据标准方法KS D9502(ISO 9227，ASTMB117，JIS Z2371)测量实施例1和比较例2的耐蚀性，并且结果在图8中示出。
根据如图8所示的结果，当根据本发明的示例性实施方式的实施例1的接地螺栓可用硅酸盐化合物涂覆时，满足约72hr的形成5％白锈的标准。另外，实施例1也满足其他的约800hr的形成红锈的标准。
(2)循环腐蚀测试(CCT)：在实施盐雾、高温干燥、加湿和低温干燥的10次循环、20次循环、40次循环、50次循环和80次循环之后，测量实施例1和比较例2的耐蚀性，并且结果在图9中示出。
根据表1、图8和图9的结果，包括通过本发明的表面处理方法形成的表面处理层的接地螺栓可具有比包括镀锌-镍层的常规接地螺栓大大约12倍的电导率。另外，本发明的接地螺栓可具有与通过常规表面处理方法制造的常规接地螺栓相同或基本相似的耐蚀性。因此，本发明的接地螺栓可具有改善的防锈特性和耐蚀性。
本发明已参考其示例性实施方式详细描述。然而本领域技术人员应理解，可在不背离本发明的原理和主旨的情况下对这些实施方式做出改变，本发明的范围在附随权利要求及其等同物中限定。

Claims (10)

1.一种具有包括镀层的表面处理层的接地螺栓，包括：
镀锡-锌层；
有色铬酸盐膜层；以及
硅酸盐涂层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的具有表面处理层的接地螺栓，其中所述表面处理层从所述接地螺栓的表面开始具有镀锡-锌层、有色铬酸盐膜层和硅酸盐涂层的顺序层压结构。
3.根据权利要求1所述的具有表面处理层的接地螺栓，其中所述镀锡-锌层通过镀覆基于锡-锌镀液的总重量含有约70wt％或更多的锡的镀液而形成。
4.根据权利要求1所述的具有表面处理层的接地螺栓，其中所述镀锡-锌层具有约8～12μm的厚度。
5.根据权利要求1所述的具有表面处理层的接地螺栓，其中所述有色铬酸盐膜层具有约1μm或更小的厚度。
6.根据权利要求1所述的具有表面处理层的接地螺栓，其中所述硅酸盐涂层具有约1μm或更小的厚度。
7.一种用于接地螺栓的表面处理的方法，包括：
用基于锡-锌镀液的总重量含有约70wt％或更多的锡的镀液镀覆接地螺栓，以形成镀锡-锌层；
使用包括铬酸或重铬酸盐的溶液在所述镀锡-锌层上形成膜，以形成有色铬酸盐膜层；以及
在所述有色铬酸盐膜层上施加硅酸盐溶液，以形成硅酸盐涂层。
8.根据权利要求7所述的用于表面处理的方法，其中所述镀锡-锌层具有约8～12μm的厚度。
9.根据权利要求7所述的用于表面处理的方法，其中所述有色铬酸盐膜层具有约1μm或更小的厚度。
10.根据权利要求7所述的用于表面处理的方法，其中所述硅酸盐涂层具有约1μm或更小的厚度。
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