CN104641906A - Organic beet culture method - Google Patents
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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Abstract
The invention provides an organic beet culture method, and relates to the field of agricultural culture. The method can meet the requirement of no pollution of organic beet, and can improve the quality and the yield of the organic beet. The method comprises the following steps that best land is selected before seeding, sufficient basic fertilizers are applied, and cultivation, irrigation and land preparation are carried out; seeding is carried out in spring when the 5cm ground temperature is stabilized at 5 DEG C, proper seeds are selected for under-film drip irrigation planting, water irrigation is carried out in the middle stage according to a certain water irrigation principle, plant diseases, insect pests and weeds are prevented and controlled, and the water irrigation is controlled in a later period.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of agricultural cultivation, particularly relate to a kind of cultivation method of Organic sugarbeet.
Background technology
Along with the raising of socioeconomic development and quality of life, people more and more pursue and use free of contamination organic products, and sugar is one of essential raw-food material of people's daily life, is also the important source material of the industry such as catering trade, food processing industry.Organic sugar is a kind of ultimate food without any pollution and raw material, enjoys consumers welcomed in recent years.Organic sugarbeet is then the primary raw material of production organic sugar.Xinjiang is the beet producing region of Largest In China, and has the ecological environmental condition of development Organic sugarbeet.First, Xinjiang natural conditions are richly endowed by nature, and winter is cold, is unfavorable for that damage by disease and insect is survived the winter, and overall insect pest is lighter than interior ground; Summer climate is dry, illumination is sufficient, and day and night temperature is large, is the hundred perecnt location of development Organic sugarbeet; Secondly, Xinjiang land resources is enriched, and water source is stablized, and has sufficient irrigation conditions.Any pollution can not be subject in Organic sugarbeet planting requirement cultivation management process, but in beet growing way to manage traditional at present, in seed treatment, soil treatment, fertilising, disease pest and weed control etc., all cannot meet the free of contamination requirement of Organic sugarbeet.In view of the problems that traditional beet growing and cultivation mode exists, the beet professional knowledge that designer of the present invention relies on agricultural planting experience for many years and enriches, by research of constantly bringing forth new ideas, develops a kind of Organic sugarbeet cultivation method.
Summary of the invention
Embodiments of the invention provide a kind of cultivation method of Organic sugarbeet, can meet the free of contamination requirement of Organic sugarbeet, improve the quality and yield of Organic sugarbeet.
For achieving the above object, embodiments of the invention adopt following technical scheme:
A cultivation method for Organic sugarbeet, comprising:
(1) front preparation is broadcast
Select best soil;
Use sufficient base manure: base manure requirement uses sheep excrement and soya-bean cake or cottonseed cake by 4: 1 mixing and the fertilizer of abundant fermentation maturity, fertilizer does not contain any worm's ovum alive, pathogeny of living body, the weeds that can germinate or other crop seeds, consumption 15000kg/hm
2, the autumn turn over before evenly spread fertilizer over the fields at soil surface, then by ploughing, machinery is mixed executes in soil plough horizon;
Autumn ploughing winter irrigation: after front season crop harvesting, weed a garden in time and plough deeply, more than tilling depth 28cm, pouring water in time before soil is freeze-up, per hectare irrigation quantity 1200m
3~ 1500m
3;
Spring ploughing spring irrigation: the field of turning over spring, weeds a garden in time before turning over and namely turn over and namely fill with, per hectare irrigation quantity 900m
3;
Seedbed preparation: seedbed preparation is centered by moisture in the soil word, and early spring is harrowed a kind of farm tools soil moisture conservation on autumn ploughing winter irrigation ground in time; Spring irrigation ground is according to irrigation period and the soil texture, and suitable moisture in the soil harrows a kind of farm tools, whole, requires the dark 8cm of rake in good time; Site preparation quality is undertaken by moisture in the soil, flat, loose, broken, clean, neat six sign standards;
(2) sow
Between suitable sowing time: when spring, 5cm ground temperature was stabilized in 5 DEG C;
Under-film drip irrigation is planted: adopt air-aspiration type precision tectorial seeder, the line-spacing sowings such as 50cm, limit overlay film, limit punching, limit sowing, limit earthing, laying irrigate band, limit; Spacing in the rows 18cm; Mulch film requires to use black and white film, thickness requirement 0.01mm, width to select the different sizes such as 80cm ~ 200cm according to sower model; Irrigate band requires flank labyrinth type, external diameter 16mm, wall thickness 0.3mm, drip hole spacing 0.3m, flow 3L/h, operating pressure 100Kpa;
By kind of a standard: select disease-resistant, strong stress resistance, high yield, yield stability are good, sugar content high, through the improved seeds of country or provincial crop varietal approval committee, seed quality requires germination rate more than 95%, moisture less than 14%, cleanliness more than 98%, purity more than 98%;
Seed treatment: select domestic self-fertile kind or the non-dressing kind of import, seed is necessary for naked seed, basks seeds 3 hours temperature 25 DEG C-35 DEG C before sowing, stirs once every half an hour;
Sowing depth: the sowing depth wants consistent, and seed level is 1.5cm ~ 2.5cm;
Seeding quantity: seeding quantity is 2kg/hm
2;
(3) seedling management
(4) middle term management
To pour water principle: beet dripped more than 10 times in the time of infertility, principle be front short after control; Drip 55d ~ 65d for the first time after emerging; When field plant irrigation index is appearance at the noon wilting of blade fine day; After dripping for the first time, beet enters the quick expanding stage of block root, and this period will pour water in time, pours water once every 8d ~ 12d; Middle and later periods then reduces frequency of irrigation and irrigating water quota, and before results, 20d cuts off the water in advance; To pour water the time of infertility quality requirement: pour water evenly, do not leak filling, not ponding, the prometaphase pour water after soil moisture content reach 60% ~ 70% of maxmun field capacity;
The control of crop smothering: use the fertilizer fully become thoroughly decomposed; Use black and white film; Use the seed of cleanliness more than 98%; During plantation preceding crop, pull out weeds in field in time; Remove the edge of a field weeds in advance;
(5) final-period management
Controlled irrigation: Sugarbeet Growth later stage, field management is Controlled irrigation number of times and irrigating water quota mainly, and after pouring water, soil moisture content reaches 60% of maxmun field capacity, and before results, 20d stops pouring water.
The method that technique scheme provides, all meets the free of contamination requirement of Organic sugarbeet, can improve the quality and yield of Organic sugarbeet in seed treatment, soil treatment, fertilising, disease pest and weed control etc.
Embodiment
Be clearly and completely described the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention below, obviously, described embodiment is only the present invention's part embodiment, instead of whole embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art, not making the every other embodiment obtained under creative work prerequisite, belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
1 broadcasts front preparation
1.1 soils are selected
Select the plot of not planting beet for more than 4 years, and in the first four years long-term cropping process, do not use any chemical pesticide, chemical fertilizer, soil environment quality meets the secondary standard in GB15618-1995, farmland irrigation water water quality meets the regulation of GB5084, and ambient air quality meets the regulation of secondary standard and GB9137 in GB3095-1996.Polluted enterprises is not had within 10km around growing area, comprise the pollution to soil, underground water, air, on in soil fertility, soil organic matter content 10g/kg ~ 15g/kg, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen 60mg/kg, rapid available phosphorus 8mg/kg ~ 10mg/kg, total salt content 4g/kg ~ 6g/kg, physical features is smooth, fills with the good sandy loam of row's condition or light clay; The lower tideland that low-lying land, sticky important place and subterranean water level are high should not be selected.Preceding crop is good with crops such as wheat class, beans, rape, clovers.
1.2 use sufficient base manure
Base manure requires that use sheep excrement and soya-bean cake or cottonseed cake mix the fertilizer of also fully fermentation maturity by 4: 1, and fertilizer does not contain any worm's ovum alive, pathogeny of living body, the weeds that can germinate or other crop seeds etc., consumption 15000kg/hm
2, the autumn turn over before evenly spread fertilizer over the fields at soil surface, then by ploughing, machinery is mixed executes in soil plough horizon.
1.3 autumn ploughing winter irrigation
After front season crop harvesting, weed a garden in time and plough deeply, more than tilling depth 28cm, pouring water in time before soil is freeze-up, per hectare irrigation quantity 1200m
3~ 1500m
3.
1.4 spring ploughing spring irrigation
The field of turning over spring, weeds a garden in time before turning over and namely turns over and namely fill with, per hectare irrigation quantity 900m
3.
1.5 seedbed preparation
Seedbed preparation is centered by " moisture in the soil " word, and a kind of farm tools soil moisture conservation should be harrowed early spring in time in autumn ploughing winter irrigation ground; Spring irrigation ground should according to irrigation period and the soil texture, and suitable moisture in the soil, rake a kind of farm tools whole, require the dark 8cm of rake in good time.Site preparation quality is undertaken by " moisture in the soil, flat, loose, broken, clean, neat " six sign standards.
2 sowings
Between 2.1 suitable sowing time
In good time early sowing, when spring, 5cm ground temperature was stabilized in 5 DEG C, good conditions for soil moisture is Optimal sowing date.
2.2 under-film drip irrigation plantations
Adopt air-aspiration type precision tectorial seeder, the line-spacing sowings such as 50cm, limit overlay film, limit punching, limit sowing, limit earthing, laying irrigate band, limit; Spacing in the rows 18cm; Mulch film requires to use black and white film, thickness requirement 0.01mm, width to select the different sizes such as 80cm ~ 200cm according to sower model; Irrigate band requires flank labyrinth type, external diameter 16mm, wall thickness 0.3mm, drip hole spacing 0.3m, flow 3L/h, operating pressure 100Kpa.
2.3 use kind of a standard
Select disease-resistant, strong stress resistance, high yield, yield stability are good, sugar content high, suitable this area cultivating and growing, through the improved seeds of country or provincial crop varietal approval committee, seed quality requires germination rate more than 95%, moisture less than 14%, cleanliness more than 98%, purity more than 98%.
2.4 seed treatment
Select domestic self-fertile kind or the non-dressing kind of import, seed is necessary for naked seed, basks seeds 3 hours, stir once every half an hour before sowing temperature 25 DEG C ~ 35 DEG C.
2.5 sowing depth
The sowing depth wants consistent, and general seed level is that 1.5cm ~ 2.5cm is advisable.
2.6 seeding quantity
Seeding quantity 3kg/hm
2.
3 seedling managements
3.1 broadcast and broken to harden afterwards, loosen the soil
Cause harden if after planting meet rain, with rake with broadcast row vertical direction and abolish and harden, necessary operation of loosening the soil can be carried out intermembranous.
3.2 thinnings, final singling
Timely thinning, final singling, nurturing staff is the important step improving beet quality.Two pairs of leaf period thinnings, seedling 2 strain ~ 3 strain is stayed in every cave; After thinning, 10d carries out final singling, and 1 young plant is stayed in every cave.When thinning, final singling, weak seedling, sick seedling, insect pest seedling be removed, leave strong sprout.
3.3 look into transplantation of seedlings
After the aobvious row of seedling, if discovery is short of seedling, disconnected ridge phenomenon will look into transplantation of seedlings in time, waters in time after transplanting seedlings.True leaf can be cut off a half vane when transplanting seedlings, prevent the transpiration consumption of blade self.Generally transplant seedlings and should be placed on the more shady and cool time in the afternoon and carry out.
3.4 intertill and clean tillage
Beet intertillage Main Function, one is removing weeds, chesson; Improve ground temperature, retain and conserve soil moisture; Improve soil physical chemistry situation, be conducive to the activity of edaphon.Require intertillage 4 times, first time intertillage 5d ~ 7d after broadcasting carries out, and tilling depth requires 5cm; Second time is carried out after the aobvious row of beet seedling, tilling depth 10cm; Third time intertillage is carried out after final singling, and tilling depth requires 15cm; 4th intertillage is carried out before Guan Toushui, and tilling depth requires 20cm.Intertill the quality requirement that loosens the soil: table soil ravels, and do not bury seedling, do not press seedling, no seedling injury, do not balk, field is without weeds.
4 middle term managements
4.1 pour water principle
Beet is comparatively large to the demand of water, drips the time of infertility more than 10 times, and principle is front short rear control.Drip 55d ~ 65d for the first time after emerging.When field plant irrigation index is appearance at the noon wilting of blade fine day; After first water, beet enters the quick expanding stage of block root, and this, Water Requirement in Sugarbeet was comparatively large in period, will pour water in time, pour water once every 8d ~ 12d; Middle and later periods then suitably reduces frequency of irrigation and irrigating water quota, before results, should shift to an earlier date 20d and cut off the water.To pour water the time of infertility quality requirement: pour water evenly, do not leak filling, not ponding, the prometaphase pour water after soil moisture content reach 60% ~ 70% of maxmun field capacity.
4.2 disease pest and weed controls
4.2.1 black leg of beet
Prophylactico-therapeutic measures: carry out crop rotation in 4 years, avoid continuous cropping and meet stubble, front stubble is good with gramineous crop; Improve soil physico-chemical property, strengthen gas permeability and water penetration; Timely intertillage is loosened the soil, and abolishes and hardens, and keeps loosing soil, improves ground temperature, promotes neat seedling, strong sprout.
4.2.2 root rot of sugar beet
Prophylactico-therapeutic measures: general selection soil layer is deep, fertile soil, and loose, air capacity of soils is good, and physical features is smooth, and draining is convenient, and the plot that subterranean water level is low is good; Carry out crop rotation in more than 5 years, avoid continuous cropping or meet stubble, front stubble is advisable with gramineous crops such as wheats; Plough late autumn and enrich decomposed manure, improving soil physico-chemical property, increasing soil fertility, promoting root system development, increasing block root resistance against diseases; Avoid broad irrigation.Timely intertillage is loosened the soil, attention control soil insect, avoids all mechanical damages.
4.2.3 clump root disease
Prophylactico-therapeutic measures: Sugarbeet Rhizomania belongs to soil-borne disease, avoids continuous cropping, meets stubble; Carry out the crop rotation of more than 5 years; Enrich decomposed manure, improve soil fertility; Use anti-disease tolerant variety.
4.2.4 snake eye is sick
Prophylactico-therapeutic measures: carry out crop rotation, thoroughly removes field invalid body, ploughs late autumn and promotes that invalid body rots with winter irrigation, reduce field wintering bacterium source, alleviate occurring degree.
4.2.5 powdery mildew
Prophylactico-therapeutic measures: carry out crop rotation, water in good time, prevent beet to suffer from drought, prevent over growth, strengthens plant disease resistance.
4.2.6 brown spot
Prophylactico-therapeutic measures: carry out crop rotation in more than 5 years; Timely intertill and clean tillage, roots out wild host, applying organic manure, timely final singling, rational close planted, and Rational Irrigation prevents field ponding.
4.2.7 cutworm
Prophylactico-therapeutic measures: weeding deinsectization, in the shallow intertillage of insect egg-laying period, systematically roots out the inside and outside weeds of Sugarbeet Fields, and makes compost or burn, can eliminate a large amount of ovum and larva like this; Autumn ploughing winter irrigation, eliminates Overwintering Larvae, destroys cutworm hibernacle, reduces hibernating base; Utilize adult chemotaxis, adopt black light lamp or sugar-vinegar liquid trapping adult.
4.2.8 the coleopteron such as beet weevil, stem weevil, flea beetle
Prophylactico-therapeutic measures: autumn ploughing winter irrigation, forces down insect population radix of surviving the winter; Weed a garden, destroy adult hibernacle and base of laying eggs early spring; Suitably sowing ahead of time, can alleviate harm; Seedling stage suitably irrigates, and can suppress breeding and the harm of flea beetle.
4.2.9 the insect such as tomato moth, clover noctuid, Liriomyza
Prophylactico-therapeutic measures: autumn ploughing winter irrigation, uproot weeds, clean rural area, can disappear a large amount of hibernal pupae, reduces next year insect population radix; Positive trapping adult, utilizes the taxis of adult, traps and kills with sugar-vinegar liquid, also can trap and kill with tomato moth gyplure.
4.2.10 various crop smothering
Prophylactico-therapeutic measures: use the fertilizer fully become thoroughly decomposed; Use black and white film; Use the seed of cleanliness more than 98%; During plantation preceding crop, pull out weeds in field in time; Remove the edge of a field weeds in advance.
5 final-period managements
5.1 Controlled irrigation
In the Sugarbeet Growth later stage, field management is Controlled irrigation number of times and irrigating water quota mainly, and after pouring water, soil moisture content reaches 60% of maxmun field capacity, and before results, 20d stops pouring water.
5.2 results
5.2.1 harvest time
Technical maturity is the standard that beet can be gathered in the crops, and the standard of beet technical maturity is that acrial part dead leaf quantity accounts for more than 30% of blade amt amount, and under ground portion root sugar content reaches the index that local sugar enterprise requires.Beet is longer for harvest time, gathers in the crops according to the harvest time that local sugar enterprise arranges.
5.2.2 harvesting approach
Semi-mechanization results and full-automatic mechanical can be adopted to gather in the crops two kinds of harvesting approaches.Semi-mechanization harvesting approach is first by mechanical digging, then by manual cutting, finally concentrates roping; Full-automatic mechanical harvesting approach be by machinery disposable complete play leaf, digging, pick up, entrucking, all links such as roping.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is:
1, in the whole planting process of Organic sugarbeet, avoid occurring any pollution, ensure the pollution-free growth conditions of Organic sugarbeet plantation.
2, adopt organic production mode, namely in seed treatment, site preparation and fertilization, field management and disease pest and weed prevention and control etc., all meet Organic sugarbeet production requirement, and improve product quality.
In recent years, along with organic sugar market demand increases, China Oil and Food Import and Export Corporation Tun He Changji candy companies Efforts To Develop Organic sugarbeet is produced, within 2013, apply the present invention in advance village, elm ditch town, Changji city, plantation Organic sugarbeet 600 mu, strictly observe Organic sugarbeet cultivation method in production process, the raw material Sugarbeet Quality of production is excellent, Sugar Content reaches 16%, and output reaches 75150kg/hm
2every Testing index such as heavy metal and residue of pesticide all meets " organic farming and the Product processing basic standard " of IFOAM, compared with the plantation family adopting traditional cultivation method planting beet with locality, its sugar content improves 1 percentage point, output increased 5 percentage points, planting benefit improves 10 percentage points, and obtains sugar enterprise's award.
The above; be only the specific embodiment of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, is anyly familiar with those skilled in the art in the technical scope that the present invention discloses; change can be expected easily or replace, all should be encompassed within protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should described be as the criterion with the protection domain of claim.
Claims (5)
1. a cultivation method for Organic sugarbeet, is characterized in that, comprising:
(1) front preparation is broadcast
Select best soil;
Use sufficient base manure: base manure requirement uses sheep excrement and soya-bean cake or cottonseed cake by 4: 1 mixing and the fertilizer of abundant fermentation maturity, fertilizer does not contain any worm's ovum alive, pathogeny of living body, the weeds that can germinate or other crop seeds, consumption 15000kg/hm
2, the autumn turn over before evenly spread fertilizer over the fields at soil surface, then by ploughing, machinery is mixed executes in soil plough horizon;
Autumn ploughing winter irrigation: after front season crop harvesting, weed a garden in time and plough deeply, more than tilling depth 28cm, pouring water in time before soil is freeze-up, per hectare irrigation quantity 1200m
3~ 1500m
3;
Spring ploughing spring irrigation: the field of turning over spring, weeds a garden in time before turning over and namely turn over and namely fill with, per hectare irrigation quantity 900m
3;
Seedbed preparation: seedbed preparation is centered by moisture in the soil word, and early spring is harrowed a kind of farm tools soil moisture conservation on autumn ploughing winter irrigation ground in time; Spring irrigation ground is according to irrigation period and the soil texture, and suitable moisture in the soil, rake a kind of farm tools, whole, require the dark 8cm of rake in good time; Site preparation quality is undertaken by moisture in the soil, flat, loose, broken, clean, neat six sign standards;
(2) sow
Between suitable sowing time: when spring, 5cm ground temperature was stabilized in 5 DEG C;
Under-film drip irrigation is planted: adopt air-aspiration type precision tectorial seeder, the line-spacing sowings such as 50cm, limit overlay film, limit punching, limit sowing, limit earthing, laying irrigate band, limit; Spacing in the rows 18cm; Mulch film requires to use black and white film, thickness requirement 0.01mm, width to select the various criterions such as 80-200cm according to sower model; Irrigate band requires flank labyrinth type, external diameter 16mm, wall thickness 0.3mm, drip hole spacing 0.3m, flow 3L/h, operating pressure 100Kpa;
By kind of a standard: select disease-resistant, strong stress resistance, high yield, yield stability are good, sugar content high, through the improved seeds of country or provincial crop varietal approval committee, seed quality requires germination rate more than 95%, moisture 14% once, cleanliness more than 98%, purity more than 98%;
Seed treatment: select domestic self-fertile kind or the non-dressing kind of import, seed is necessary for naked seed, basks seeds 3 hours temperature 25 DEG C-35 DEG C before sowing, stirs once every half an hour;
Sowing depth: the sowing depth wants consistent, and seed level is 1.5cm ~ 2.5cm;
Seeding quantity: seeding quantity is 3kg/hm
2;
(3) seedling management
(4) middle term management
To pour water principle: beet dripped 10 times in the time of infertility, principle be front short after control; Drip 55d ~ 65d for the first time after emerging; When field plant irrigation index is appearance at the noon wilting of blade fine day; After dripping for the first time, beet enters the quick expanding stage of block root, and this period will pour water in time, pours water once every 8d ~ 12d; Middle and later periods then reduces frequency of irrigation and irrigating water quota, and before results, 20d cuts off the water in advance; To pour water the time of infertility quality requirement: pour water evenly, do not leak filling, not ponding, the prometaphase pour water after soil moisture content reach 60% ~ 70% of maxmun field capacity;
The control of crop smothering: use the fertilizer fully become thoroughly decomposed; Use black and white film; Use the seed of cleanliness more than 98%; During plantation preceding crop, pull out weeds in field in time; Remove the edge of a field weeds in advance;
(5) final-period management
Controlled irrigation: Sugarbeet Growth later stage, field management is Controlled irrigation number of times and irrigating water quota mainly, and after pouring water, soil moisture content reaches 60% of maxmun field capacity, and before results, 20d stops pouring water.
2. cultivation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that,
The described soil of the best of selecting comprises: the plot of selecting not plant for more than 4 years beet, and in the first four years long-term cropping process, do not use any chemical pesticide, chemical fertilizer, soil environment quality meets the secondary standard in GB15618-1995, farmland irrigation water water quality meets the regulation of GB5084, and ambient air quality meets the regulation of secondary standard and GB9137 in GB3095-1996; Polluted enterprises is not had within 10km around growing area, comprise the pollution to soil, underground water, air, on in soil fertility, soil organic matter content 10g/kg ~ 15g/kg, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen 60mg/kg, rapid available phosphorus 8mg/kg ~ 10mg/kg, total salt content 4g/kg ~ 6g/kg, physical features is smooth, fills with the good sandy loam of row's condition or light clay; The lower tideland that low-lying land, sticky important place and subterranean water level are high should not be selected; Preceding crop is good with wheat class, beans, rape, clover.
3. cultivation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, between described seedling, management comprises:
Broadcast and broken to harden afterwards, loosen the soil: cause harden if after planting meet rain, with rake with broadcast row vertical direction and abolish and harden, carry out necessary operation of loosening the soil intermembranous;
Thinning, final singling: thinning in time, final singling, nurturing staff; Thinning during two pairs of true leaves, seedling 2 strain ~ 3 strain is stayed in every cave; After thinning, 10d ~ 15d carries out final singling, and 1 young plant is stayed in every cave; When thinning, final singling, remove weak seedling, sick seedling, insect pest seedling, leave strong sprout;
Look into transplantation of seedlings: after the aobvious row of seedling, disconnected ridge phenomenon will look into transplantation of seedlings in time if discovery is short of seedling, and waters in time after transplanting seedlings; True leaf can be cut off a half vane when transplanting seedlings, prevent the transpiration consumption of blade self; Transplant seedlings and be placed on the shady and cool time in the afternoon and carry out;
Intertill and clean tillage: require intertillage 4 times, first time intertillage 5d ~ 7d after broadcasting carries out, and tilling depth requires 5cm; Second time is carried out after the aobvious row of beet seedling, tilling depth 10cm; Third time intertillage is carried out after final singling, and tilling depth requires 15cm; 4th intertillage is carried out before Guan Toushui, and tilling depth requires 20cm; Intertill the quality requirement that loosens the soil: table soil ravels, and do not bury seedling, do not press seedling, no seedling injury, do not balk, field is without weeds.
4. cultivation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, also comprises diseases and pests controlling:
The prophylactico-therapeutic measures of black leg of beet: carry out crop rotation in 4 years, avoid continuous cropping and meet stubble, front stubble is good with gramineous crop; Improve soil physico-chemical property, strengthen gas permeability and water penetration; Timely intertillage is loosened the soil, and abolishes and hardens, and keeps loosing soil, improves ground temperature, promotes neat seedling, strong sprout;
The prophylactico-therapeutic measures of root rot of sugar beet: selection soil layer is deep, fertile soil, vegetables pine, air capacity of soils is good, and physical features is smooth, and draining is convenient, and the plot that subterranean water level is low is good; Carry out crop rotation in more than 5 years, avoid continuous cropping or meet stubble, front stubble is advisable with gramineous crop; Plough late autumn and enrich decomposed manure, improving soil physico-chemical property, increasing soil fertility, promoting root system development, increasing block root resistance against diseases; Avoid broad irrigation; Timely intertillage is loosened the soil, attention control soil insect, avoids all mechanical damages;
The prophylactico-therapeutic measures of Sugarbeet Rhizomania: Sugarbeet Rhizomania belongs to soil-borne disease, avoids continuous cropping, meets stubble; Carry out the crop rotation of more than 5 years; Enrich decomposed manure, improve soil fertility; Use anti-disease tolerant variety;
The prophylactico-therapeutic measures of clamp rot of sugar beet: carry out crop rotation, thoroughly removes field invalid body, ploughs late autumn and promotes that invalid body rots with winter irrigation, reduce field wintering bacterium source, alleviate occurring degree;
The prophylactico-therapeutic measures of beet powdery mildew: carry out crop rotation, water in good time, prevent beet to suffer from drought, prevent over growth, strengthens plant disease resistance;
The prophylactico-therapeutic measures of cercospora leaf spot of sugar beet: carry out crop rotation in more than 5 years; Timely intertill and clean tillage, roots out wild host, applying organic manure, timely final singling, rational close planted, and Rational Irrigation prevents field ponding;
The prophylactico-therapeutic measures of cutworm: weeding deinsectization, in the shallow intertillage of insect egg-laying period, systematically roots out the inside and outside weeds of Sugarbeet Fields, and makes compost or burn, can eliminate a large amount of ovum and larva like this; Autumn ploughing winter irrigation, eliminates Overwintering Larvae, destroys white line dart moth of turnip hibernacle, reduces hibernating base; Utilize adult chemotaxis, adopt black light lamp or sugar-vinegar liquid trapping adult;
The prophylactico-therapeutic measures of coleopteron: autumn ploughing winter irrigation, forces down insect population radix of surviving the winter; Weed a garden, destroy adult hibernacle and base of laying eggs early spring; Begin sowing in good time, alleviate harm; Seedling stage suitably irrigates, and suppresses breeding and the harm of flea beetle;
The prophylactico-therapeutic measures of tomato moth, clover noctuid, Liriomyza: autumn ploughing winter irrigation, uproot weeds, clean rural area, eliminates hibernal pupae, reduces next year insect population radix; Positive trapping adult, utilizes the taxis of adult, traps and kills with sugar-vinegar liquid, or trap and kill with tomato moth gyplure.
5. cultivation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, also comprises results:
Harvest time: the standard of beet technical maturity is that acrial part dead leaf quantity accounts for more than 30% of blade amt amount, under ground portion root sugar content reaches the index that local sugar enterprise requires;
Harvesting approach: adopt semi-mechanization results and full-automatic mechanical to gather in the crops two kinds of harvesting approaches; Wherein, described semi-mechanization harvesting approach is first by mechanical digging, then by manual cutting, finally concentrates roping; Described full-automatic mechanical harvesting approach be by machinery disposable complete beat leaf, digging, pick up, entrucking, the whole link of roping.
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510076162.8A CN104641906B (en) | 2015-02-11 | 2015-02-11 | Organic beet culture method |
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| CN105453874A (en) * | 2015-12-16 | 2016-04-06 | 王伟 | Planting method for increasing sugar content of beet |
| CN106134736A (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2016-11-23 | 广西南宁十分园生态农业科技有限公司 | A kind of drought-enduring high-yield planting method of Radix Betae |
| CN106416840A (en) * | 2016-09-27 | 2017-02-22 | 四川农业大学 | Integrated prevention and treatment method of brown spot of kiwi fruits |
| CN108464210A (en) * | 2018-03-30 | 2018-08-31 | 张掖市农业科学研究院 | A kind of beet obducens single seed mechanization two-membrane process cultural method and beet cropping pattern |
| CN108739144A (en) * | 2018-04-13 | 2018-11-06 | 佛山市日可威食品科技研究院（普通合伙） | A kind of beet implantation methods rich in various trace elements |
| CN110915586A (en) * | 2019-12-13 | 2020-03-27 | 黑龙江大学 | Planting method and irrigation device for improving beet yield and sugar content by combining Internet of things |
| CN111080265A (en) * | 2019-12-23 | 2020-04-28 | 内蒙古正远信息技术有限公司 | Quality-based price-quoting management system for beet industry |
| CN111937707A (en) * | 2020-09-02 | 2020-11-17 | 内蒙古天圃农业科技发展有限公司 | Field management method for transplanting beet in paper tube |
| CN113229072A (en) * | 2021-03-08 | 2021-08-10 | 新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所 | Mechanical double-film mulching cultivation method and planting mode for single seed of beet ball coat |
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Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105453874A (en) * | 2015-12-16 | 2016-04-06 | 王伟 | Planting method for increasing sugar content of beet |
| CN106134736A (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2016-11-23 | 广西南宁十分园生态农业科技有限公司 | A kind of drought-enduring high-yield planting method of Radix Betae |
| CN106416840A (en) * | 2016-09-27 | 2017-02-22 | 四川农业大学 | Integrated prevention and treatment method of brown spot of kiwi fruits |
| CN108464210A (en) * | 2018-03-30 | 2018-08-31 | 张掖市农业科学研究院 | A kind of beet obducens single seed mechanization two-membrane process cultural method and beet cropping pattern |
| CN108739144A (en) * | 2018-04-13 | 2018-11-06 | 佛山市日可威食品科技研究院（普通合伙） | A kind of beet implantation methods rich in various trace elements |
| CN110915586A (en) * | 2019-12-13 | 2020-03-27 | 黑龙江大学 | Planting method and irrigation device for improving beet yield and sugar content by combining Internet of things |
| CN110915586B (en) * | 2019-12-13 | 2022-03-25 | 黑龙江大学 | Planting method and irrigation device for improving beet yield and sugar content by combining Internet of things |
| CN111080265A (en) * | 2019-12-23 | 2020-04-28 | 内蒙古正远信息技术有限公司 | Quality-based price-quoting management system for beet industry |
| CN111937707A (en) * | 2020-09-02 | 2020-11-17 | 内蒙古天圃农业科技发展有限公司 | Field management method for transplanting beet in paper tube |
| CN113229072A (en) * | 2021-03-08 | 2021-08-10 | 新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所 | Mechanical double-film mulching cultivation method and planting mode for single seed of beet ball coat |
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