CN104609946A - Composite controlled retarder for soil heavy metal pollution of vegetable field and application thereof - Google Patents
Composite controlled retarder for soil heavy metal pollution of vegetable field and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN104609946A CN104609946A CN201410849930.4A CN201410849930A CN104609946A CN 104609946 A CN104609946 A CN 104609946A CN 201410849930 A CN201410849930 A CN 201410849930A CN 104609946 A CN104609946 A CN 104609946A
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- soil
- heavy metal
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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Abstract
The invention discloses a composite controlled retarder for soil heavy metal pollution of a vegetable field and the application of the composite controlled retarder. The composite controlled retarder is prepared from the following components: 1 part of a silicon fertilizer, 1-15 parts of hydroxyapatite, and 5-20 parts of animal charcoal. The composite controlled retarder for the heavy metal pollution of the vegetable field is simple in formula, environment-friendly in raw materials, sufficient in sources, easy to implement, low in price of all the raw materials, and suitable for production and scale operation of individual farmers; the composite controlled retarder is good in effect of retarding immigration of Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd in the soil to vegetables, and the maximal decreasing amplitudes of the contents of Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd in the edible parts of the vegetables are respectively up to about 50%, 80%, 80% and 40%; the composite controlled retarder can synchronously improve the Si supplying capacity and the P supplying capacity of the soil in the vegetable field while retarding Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd in the soil, so that the physical and chemical properties of the soil can be improved; the environment-friendly composite controlled retarder for the soil heavy metal pollution of the vegetable field can be mixed with a base fertilizer and then applied, and is convenient to use.
Description
(1) technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of passivating method of heavy metal pollution of soil, refer more particularly to the preparations and applicatio method of a kind of soil Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd compound resistance control agent.
(2) background technology
In recent years, due to exhaust emission, the agricultural pollution and domestic pollution etc. of the vehicles such as Industrial " three Waste " pollution, automobile, heavy metal pollution of soil presents area expanding day, farmland and vegetable plot environment goes from bad to worse, degree is deepened day by day trend.At present, China's heavy metal pollution of vegetable field soil situation is very severe.The Pearl River Delta nearly four one-tenth vegetable plot heavy metal contaminations in area exceed standard, and wherein 10% genus " seriously " exceeds standard.Vegetable plot, Guangzhou about has 9.5% to be polluted, and wherein Cd, Pb and As content is respectively 2.8 times, 3.0 times and 1.4 times of Soil In Guangdong Province background value.The mean value of Shenyang City vegetable field soil Cd, Pb and Zn is respectively 7.06 times, 3.% times and 3.87 times of background value.Suburb, Xi'an vegetables main pollution-producing is Pb, exceeding standard rate 45.0%, the highlyest exceeds standard 6.91 times.The heavy metal contamination in Dongguan City and different zones vegetable plot thereof, pollutes the most serious with Pb.Exceeding standard appears in the suburbs, Chongqing Vegetable Base heavy metal-polluted soil Hg and Cd, and exceeding standard rate is respectively 6.7% and 36.7%.To the heavy metal pollution problem of Hangzhou soil, nearly decades, many scholars also did a large amount of useful exploration work.Li Jing investigates discovery, and Vegetable district, suburbs, Hangzhou heavy metal content in soil has the accumulation of certain degree.Chen Tao was found after the tradition Vegetable Base sampling comparative analysis of eastern suburb, Hangzhou by calendar year 2001 and two periods in 2005, two period P in soil b and Cu space distribution rule present the low trend of Xi Gaodong, and there is Heavy Metal Accumulation in various degree in survey region.Wang Jingwen studies discovery, the light contamination by Zn in the Vegetable Base soil of Hangzhou.To Zn, Cu, Pb pollution monitoring in Hangzhou vegetable field 60 parts of pedotheques, Ma Haiyan shows that Zn, Cu, Pb combined contamination soil sample accounts for 65% of whole sample.Guo Dan finds according to comprehensive index of bunching evaluation, and Qiaosi, Hangzhou and lower husky heavy metal-polluted soil are high accumulation, and seven Bao Hejiang village heavy metal-polluted soils reach serious levels of accumulation.
Along with the discharge of Industrial " three Waste ", arbitrarily the throwing aside and the unreasonable use of containing metal agriculture chemical of solid waste, China outskirts of a town vegetables are also day by day serious by heavy metal contamination, the mid-90 in 20th century, Vegetable in Shenyang City was by heavy metal contamination, vegetable integrated exceeding standard rate is 36.1, that exceeding standard rate is larger is Pb and Hg, is secondly Zn and Cd; Shanghai City Contamination of Heavy Metal in Vegetables, be very with Cd and Pb, exceeding standard rate is respectively 13.3% and 12.0%.13 vegetable species Pb and Cd that Changsha each vegetables base produces are seriously polluted, and exceeding standard rate is respectively 60% and 51%.2003-2004 Li Xiu orchid waits investigation to show Baoshan District of Shanghai vegetables by heavy metal contamination, and is mainly Pb and Cd pollution, and exceeding standard rate is respectively 81.97 and 54.10, significantly improves compared with the exceeding standard rate 12.0 and 13.2 of the nineties in 20th century; Correlative study in recent years also shows Dongguan City and the vegetables ubiquity heavy metal contamination of suburb, Xi'an, and secondly especially Pb is Cd and Hg.Visible, comprise the heavy metal contamination that China's suburb soil of Hangzhou and vegetables have been subject in various degree all, the safety in production of vegetable field soil vegetables is worth causing concern.
Soil in-situ chemical fixatives is utilized to be one of effective way realizing crop production safety in mild or moderate heavy-metal contaminated soil to reduce heavy metal to the migration stain risk of food chain.Research shows, the in-situ chemical fixing agent of heavy-metal contaminated soil mainly comprises phosphoric acid salt, lime, organism, silicate, peat, zeolite etc., after these fixing agents enter soil, the series reaction such as ion-exchange, absorption, surface complexation and precipitation are produced with heavy metal element, the water-soluble of heavy metal-polluted soil and biological effectiveness can be reduced, and then reduce the heavy metal content in plant materials.Such as, Gray etc. find that lime and red mud can improve the serious drab soil of heavy metal contamination.By contrast, the pollution of P contained compound remediating heavy metal is a kind of economic, effective, easy enforcement in in-situ chemical fixed and repaired, does not have destructiveness to environment, has the novel restorative procedure of application prospect.In numerous P contained compound, hydroxyapatite (Ca
10(PO
4)
6(OH)
2) to reducing the biological effectiveness of heavy metal in soil, increasing the best results of the chemical stability of Heavy Metals in Contaminated Soils.China's phosphate rock resource enriches, and strengthens hydroxyapatite to the fixation in situ of heavy metal-polluted soil, and to making full use of China's phosphate rock resource, and it is all significant effectively to administer China's heavy-metal contaminated soil.But the environmental risk caused in order to avoid causing body eutrophication and heavy metal reactivation due to phosphorus leaching loss, usually all by higher with the ferriferous oxide or pH with high absorption property for P contained compound silicate, CaCO
3used in combination to improve fixed effect and to reduce environmental risk.Such as, with Ca (H
2pO
4)
2and CaCO
3mix, obviously can reduce the concentration of metallic element bound residue, effectively they are fixed up.To sum up, pollute resistance control effect that heavy metal-polluted soil in vegetable field soil move to vegetables to improve mild or moderate and reduce environmental risk, being necessary to research and develop with suiting measures to local conditions and screening compound resistance control agent.And P contained compound and CaO or be rich in the fixing agent that compound resistance control agent that silicate component etc. forms is expected to become mild or moderate heavy metal contamination vegetable field soil heavy metal.
Patent application (application number 200910300416.4) provides a kind of soil heavy metal passivant for facilities vegetable field and preparation method thereof, this passivator is made up of medical stone, diatomite in powder, zeolite powder, brown coal, flyash etc., applying this passivator can make intensive shadow on lung plant heavy metal of body full dose reduce by 13.5 ~ 55%, but the method passivator composition relative complex.The comprehensive resistance control effect of compound resistance control agent of the present invention to heavy metal content in vegetables edible part is relatively better, and the present invention's formula is more simple, can reach the effect enriching fertilizer in soil while of filling a prescription raw materials used.
(3) summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to provide a kind of vegetable field soil heavy metal compound resistance control agent and the application in passivation heavy metal pollution of soil thereof, the preparation that described compound resistance control agent is a kind of raw material environmental protection, with low cost, formula is simple, effect is good, utilize siliceous fertilizer, hydroxyapatite, bone black to prepare the resistance of vegetable field soil heavy metal for main raw material and control agent, for hindering the transport property of control vegetable field soil heavy metal, reduce Heavy Metal Content in Vegetables, solve vegetable field soil affects its sustainable use and food safety problem because of heavy metal contamination.
The technical solution used in the present invention is:
The invention provides a kind of compound for heavy metal pollution of vegetable field soil resistance control agent, described compound resistance control agent quality group becomes: siliceous fertilizer 1 part, hydroxyapatite 1 ~ 15 part and bone black 5 ~ 20 parts.
Further, preferred compound resistance control agent quality group becomes: siliceous fertilizer 1 part, hydroxyapatite 1 ~ 2 part and bone black 5 ~ 10 parts.
Further, preferred compound resistance control agent quality group becomes: siliceous fertilizer 1 part, hydroxyapatite 1.5 parts and bone black 10 parts.
Siliceous fertilizer of the present invention was the siliceous fertilizer powder of 60 mesh sieves, its main chemical compositions by weight percentage: K
2o>=5.0%, CaO>=28.0%, SiO
2>=22.0%, pH 9.0-11.0, separately has trace Zn, B, Mg element etc.
Bone black of the present invention for eat careless domestic animal bone for raw material, under the condition of isolated air through degreasing, come unstuck, a kind of white powder amorphous carbon that high temperature sintering, the multiple working procedure charing such as sorting are obtained, be insoluble in water.Bone black main chemical compositions is by weight percentage: carbon about 5%, CaO are about 54%, P
2o
5be about 40%, SiO
2be about 0.02%, Al
2o
3be 0.03%, Na
2o is 0.84%, Fe
2o
3be 0.01%, pH value is about 9.0-11.5.
Hydroxyapatite of the present invention crosses 60 mesh sieves, by Ca (PO
4)
2and CaCO
3at high temperature react by a certain percentage and inject high-pressure steam simultaneously, powder is through NH
4high purity white hydroxyapatite powder dry after Cl solution washing, its essential molecular structure formula is Ca
10(PO
4)
6(OH)
2, molecular weight is 1004, and fusing point is about 1650 DEG C, and proportion is 3.15g/cm
3, Ca/P (mol ratio) is 1.67.
The present invention also provides the application of a kind of described resistance of the compound for heavy metal pollution of vegetable field soil control agent in passivation heavy metal pollution of soil.
Further, the consumption of described compound resistance control agent is 45-60g/kg soil, is preferably 52-56g/kg soil.
Further, use after described compound resistance control agent mixes with base manure, described base manure is that per kilogram soil adds 156.5mg urea, 72.8mg phosphorus one ammonium and 80mg potassium sulfate.
Soil type of the present invention is red soil vegetable soil, and pH is 5.85, slant acidity.
Tool of the present invention has the following advantages:
1) the present invention is used for the formula of the compound resistance control agent of heavy metal pollution of vegetable field soil simply, and raw material environmental protection, source is sufficient, implements easily, raw materials used cheap, and applicable self-employed farmer produces and appropriate scale of operation.
2) the present invention's resistance control effect of moving in vegetables Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd in soil is better, can make that Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd content in vegetables edible part is maximum respectively decreases by 50%, 80%, 80%, about 40%.
3) the present invention is to synchronously improving supplying Si and for P ability, improving soil physico-chemical property of vegetable field soil while Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd resistance control in soil.
The present invention is a kind of environmentally friendly vegetable field soil heavy metal compound resistance control agent, uses after can puddling with base manure, easy to use.
(4) embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described further, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited in this:
In the present invention, the siliceous fertilizer that siliceous fertilizer selects Hangzhou, Zhejiang province city to produce, siliceous fertilizer crosses 60 mesh sieves, its main chemical compositions by weight percentage: K
2o>=5.0%, CaO>=28.0%, SiO
2>=22.0%, pH 9.0-11.0, separately has trace Zn, B, Mg element etc.
In the present invention, the hydroxyapatite of mistake 60 mesh sieve that hydroxyapatite selects Xi'an City, Shanxi Province to produce, by Ca (PO
4)
2and CaCO
3at high temperature react by a certain percentage, inject high-pressure steam simultaneously, powder is through NH
4high purity white hydroxyapatite powder dry after Cl solution washing, its essential molecular structure formula is Ca
10(PO
4)
6(OH)
2, molecular weight is 1004, and fusing point is about 1650 DEG C, and proportion is 3.15g/cm
3, Ca/P (mol ratio) is 1.67.
In the present invention, the bone black that bone black selects Henan Province's Luohe City to produce, 60 mesh sieves crossed by bone black, for eat careless domestic animal bone for raw material under isolated air conditions through degreasing, come unstuck, a kind of white powder amorphous carbon that high temperature sintering, the charing of the multiple working procedure such as sorting are obtained, be insoluble in water.Its main chemical compositions is by weight percentage: carbon about 5%, CaO are about 54%, P
2o
5be about 40%, SiO
2be about 0.02%, Al
2o
3be 0.03%, Na
2o is 0.84%, Fe
2o
3be 0.01%.PH value is about 9.0-11.5.
Embodiment 1: compound resistance control agent is used for the plantation of red three-coloured amaranth
Pick up from Yuhang, Hangzhou vegetable field soil for examination soil, the pH of soil is 5.85, and specific conductivity is 460.17 μ Scm
-1, cation exchange capacity is 800.6cmolkg
-1, full N content is 2.0gkg
-1, alkali slag content is 148.39mgkg
-1, full P content is 0.86gkg
-1, available P content is 128.20mgkg
-1, full K content is 1.17mgkg
-1, total content of organic carbon is 12.10gkg
-1.
In the high plastic flowerpot for 22cm*16cm*16cm of basin mouth internal diameter * bottom inner diameter *, fill wind desiceted soil 3.2Kg, every basin soil external source adds CuSO
45H
2o is about 428.34mg, ZnSO
47H
2o is about 2.15g, Pb (NO
3)
2about 1.23g, Cd (Cl)
22.5H
2o about 1.21 μ g, is fully used for follow-up test as Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd intermediate pollution soil after mixing.
Test arranges 4 process: 1. T
0, add without any resistance control agent, only add base manure, base manure consumption is: per kilogram soil adds 156.5mg urea, 72.8mg phosphorus one ammonium and 80mg potassium sulfate; 2. T
1, add 4g siliceous fertilizer, 6g hydroxyapatite (HAP) and 40g bone black in every Kg contaminated soil, add base manure simultaneously, the same T of base manure consumption
0; 3. T
2, add 4g siliceous fertilizer, 8g HAP and 40g bone black in every Kg contaminated soil, add base manure simultaneously, the same T of base manure consumption
0; 4. T
3add 8g siliceous fertilizer, 8g HAP and 40g bone black in every Kg contaminated soil, add base manure simultaneously, the same T of base manure consumption
0.
The contaminated soil of each process and resistance control agent are mixed evenly in rear loading basin, regulate soil moisture content to about 60% of maxmun field capacity with deionized water, the red three-coloured amaranth of plantation after balancing 2 weeks, gather in the crops after 45 days, clean post-drying, grind Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd heavy metal content in the red three-coloured amaranth edible part of mensuration.Result is as shown in table 1.
Table 1 different treatment is to the impact of Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd content in red three-coloured amaranth (mg/kg, with dry weight basis)
Note: in table 1, different alphabetical a, b, c represent 5% significant difference level.
Table 1 is visible, T
1, T
2, T
3it is all remarkable in T that process obtains Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd content in red three-coloured amaranth
0process, and T
1, T
2, T
3process Zn, Pb, Cd content in red three-coloured amaranth there are no significant difference, wherein, with T
0process is compared, T
1, T
2, T
3process to obtain the reduction amplitude of Zn content in red three-coloured amaranth maximum, decrease by 80.75% ~ 82.70%.And T
1, T
2, T
3process obtain Pb, Cd content in red three-coloured amaranth the range of decrease also can reach 31.7% ~ 49.7% respectively, 37.2 ~ 37.5%.But, T
2the process Cu content in red three-coloured amaranth that obtains is 13.10mgkg
-1, with T
0process is compared, and its Cu content reduces 37.9%, significantly lower than T
0, T
1process, but itself and T
3difference between process does not reach conspicuous level.Therefore, comparatively speaking, T
2the resistance control effect economical and effective the most that process (namely adding 4g siliceous fertilizer/kg, 8gHAP/kg and 40g bone black/kg in intermediate pollution soil) is moved in vegetables body Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd.
Embodiment 2: compound resistance control agent is used for the plantation of Chinese cabbage
For examination soil with embodiment 1, carry out test design and pot experiment according to the method for embodiment 1, within 45 days, gather in the crops Chinese cabbage afterwards and measure Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd content in its edible part, result is as shown in table 2.
Table 2 different treatment is to the impact of Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd content in Chinese cabbage (mg/kg, with dry weight basis)
Note: in table 2, different alphabetical a, b, c represent 5% significant difference level.
Table 2 is visible, T
1, T
2, T
3it is all remarkable in T that process obtains heavy metal content in Chinese cabbage
0process, and with T
1, T
2, T
3process to obtain the reduction amplitude of Zn content in Chinese cabbage maximum, decrease by 75.58% ~ 82.19%.Wherein, except T
2the process Zn content in Chinese cabbage that obtains is significantly higher than T
1, T
2outside process, T
1, T
2, T
3process the difference obtained in Chinese cabbage between Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd content all do not reach conspicuous level, and T
1cu, Zn, Pb, Cd content in process Chinese cabbage is all relatively minimum, with T
0process is compared, and have dropped 51%, 82%, 83% and 39% respectively.Therefore, each compound resistance control agent, to Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd content Be very effective in reduction Chinese cabbage, is conducive to vegetable safety and produces, and with T
1the resistance control effect that process (namely adding 4g siliceous fertilizer/kg, 6gHAP/kg and 40g bone black/kg in intermediate pollution soil) heavy metal is moved in vegetables body is the most effective, economical.
Claims (9)
1., for a compound resistance control agent for heavy metal pollution of vegetable field soil, it is characterized in that described compound resistance control agent quality group becomes: siliceous fertilizer 1 part, hydroxyapatite 1 ~ 15 part and bone black 5 ~ 20 parts.
2., as claimed in claim 1 for the compound resistance control agent of heavy metal pollution of vegetable field soil, it is characterized in that compound resistance control agent quality group becomes: siliceous fertilizer 1 part, hydroxyapatite 1 ~ 2 part and bone black 5 ~ 10 parts.
3., as claimed in claim 1 for the compound resistance control agent of heavy metal pollution of vegetable field soil, it is characterized in that compound resistance control agent quality group becomes: siliceous fertilizer 1 part, hydroxyapatite 1.5 parts and bone black 10 parts.
4. as claimed in claim 1 for heavy metal pollution of vegetable field soil compound resistance control agent, it is characterized in that siliceous fertilizer was the siliceous fertilizer powder of 60 mesh sieves, its main chemical compositions by weight percentage: K
2o>=5.0%, CaO>=28.0%, SiO
2>=22.0%, pH 9.0-11.0.
5., as claimed in claim 1 for the compound resistance control agent of heavy metal pollution of vegetable field soil, it is characterized in that bone black is that to eat careless domestic animal bone be raw material, under the condition of isolated air through degreasing, come unstuck, the charing of high temperature sintering, sorting operation is obtained.
6., as claimed in claim 1 for the compound resistance control agent of heavy metal pollution of vegetable field soil, it is characterized in that hydroxyapatite crosses 60 mesh sieves.
7. the application of agent in passivation heavy metal pollution of soil is controlled in the compound resistance for heavy metal pollution of vegetable field soil described in a claim 1.
8. apply as claimed in claim 7, it is characterized in that, the consumption of compound resistance control agent is 45 ~ 60g/kg soil.
9. apply as claimed in claim 8, it is characterized in that, use after compound resistance control agent mixes with base manure, described base manure is that per kilogram soil adds 156.5mg urea, 72.8mg phosphorus one ammonium and 80mg potassium sulfate.
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