CN109158079A - Earthworm excrement base resistance control agent and the preparation method and application thereof for vegetable field soil Cu/Zn pollution - Google Patents
Earthworm excrement base resistance control agent and the preparation method and application thereof for vegetable field soil Cu/Zn pollution Download PDFInfo
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- CN109158079A CN109158079A CN201810891103.XA CN201810891103A CN109158079A CN 109158079 A CN109158079 A CN 109158079A CN 201810891103 A CN201810891103 A CN 201810891103A CN 109158079 A CN109158079 A CN 109158079A
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- earthworm
- resistance control
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/20—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising free carbon; comprising carbon obtained by carbonising processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of earthworm excrement bases to hinder control agent and preparation method thereof, and the application in the migration resistance control of vegetable field soil Cu/Zn pollution；The described earthworm excrement base resistance control agent is that a kind of raw material is easy to get, is low in cost, formula is simple, the good preparation of application effect, it is that primary raw material carries out preparation and hinders control agent as vegetable field soil heavy metal that it, which can use fowl and animal excrement, this all has significance for the migration resistance control of fowl and animal excrement recycling and vegetable field soil heavy metal；Earthworm excrement base resistance control agent environmental protection of the present invention is friendly, can be easy to use with large-scale production.
Description
(1) technical field
The earthworm excrement base resistance control agent and the preparation method and application thereof that the present invention relates to a kind of for vegetable field soil Cu/Zn pollution.
(2) background technique
As China's industrialization and urbanization continues to develop, industrial and life contaminated water discharge, sewage irrigation etc. cause to plough
Heavy metal pollution of soil problem is got worse.Research shows that the heavy metal pollution of soil rate in China arable land is 16.67% or so, according to
This infers that the area of China's arable land heavy metal pollution accounts for 1/6 of plantation total or so.Wherein, China vegetable plot Cu/Zn pollutes situation
It is more severe.Research finds in the heavy metal-polluted soil of Chinese vegetable plot that followed by Cr is Cu again with Zn content highest.From national model
From the point of view of enclosing, China's different region vegetable field soil content of beary metal and its regularity of distribution is different, wherein Cu, Zn, Cd, Hg's contains
Amount is higher with eastern region, and the content of Cr, Pb, As are higher with middle part, and the content of beary metal of west area vegetable field soil
It is then universal lower.North bank of Yangtze River, Nanjing vegetable field soil Cd, Cu and Zn exceed respectively its In Nanjing soil background 5.42,
1.84 and 1.14 times.The average value of Shenyang City vegetable field soil Cd, Pb and Zn are respectively 7.06 times of background value, 3.96 times and 3.87
Times.The danger that Xu Yuyu research discovery Xiaoshan City part vegetable field soil is polluted by Cu.Wang Jingwen research discovery Hangzhou vegetable plot soil
Earth has been subjected to slight Zn pollution.Pollution due to Cu/Zn heavy metal to vegetable field soil is subject to vegetables also a degree of
Heavy metal pollution.Such as: Yueqing City of Zhejiang Province vegetable field soil Cd is seriously polluted, and Cu pollution is taken second place, and Zn pollution is slightly light, and part is planted
Vegetables edible portion Cd, the Cu equal size of class severely exceeds.To sum up, China's those of vegetable garden and vegetables are by difference
The Cu/Zn heavy metal pollution of degree.
Charcoal can reduce soil Cu/Zn bioavailability of heavy metals, and improve crop yield and quality side
Face important role, and earthworm excrement can also be used to prepare charcoal.Contain C, N, H, O in earthworm excrement, is in addition also supported containing soil
Divide element K, Na, Ca, Mg, content is respectively as follows: 15.63mgg-1、13.23mg·g-1、42.84mg·g-1、13.91mg·g-1。
These K+、Na+、Ca2+、Mg2+Base cation can exchange the H in soil+And Al3+To improve soil pH value, promote heavy metal
Pollutant changes to carbonate, phosphate, hydroxide and iron and manganese oxides reference state, to reduce the biology poison of heavy metal
Property.In addition, charcoal has very strong adsorption capacity to heavy metal, main mechanism is the suction-operated of charcoal large specific surface area
And the ion-exchange reactions of the various groups in surface stronger coordination ability and surface.Such as: some researches show that charcoals to Cu2+
The facilitation of absorption increases with the increase of charcoal additive amount.Charcoal can also promote plant growth raising to make produce
Amount.Such as: crop yield can be improved the study found that applying charcoal in the soil in Jeffery etc., increases production up to 10%.To sum up,
In order to improve Cu/Zn heavy metal is migrated to vegetables in vegetable field soil resistance control effect and ensure vegetables edible safety, it is necessary to grind
Send out vegetable field soil Cu/Zn pollution resistance control agent, and the research and development of earthworm excrement base charcoal and for vegetable field soil Cu/Zn pollution reparation just
It is of great significance.
The patent document of application number 201510745518.2 and application number 201510746874.6 provides one kind respectively and is used for
Agent and application method and a kind of blade face resistance control agent for reducing crops cadmium pollution are controlled in the blade face resistance for reducing crops lead contamination
And application method.This two kinds resistances control agent raw materials have: Tea Saponin, gleditsia sinensis be general, citric acid, humic acid, amino acid, fulvic acid etc..It answers
For crops edible part, usage mode is foliage-spray.Although the resistance control agent has many advantages, such as easy to operate, spraying
There is a problem of during applying water easily evaporate reducing effect and spray number frequently, be spaced it is short.
(3) summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of earthworm excrement base resistance control agent for vegetable field soil Cu/Zn pollution and its preparation sides
Method, and the application in heavy metal pollution of soil control.The described earthworm excrement base resistance control agent is that a kind of raw material is easy to get, is at low cost
It is honest and clean, formula is simple, the good preparation of application effect, can use fowl and animal excrement is that primary raw material carries out preparation and as vegetable plot
Heavy metal-polluted soil resistance control agent, this all has important meaning for the migration resistance control of fowl and animal excrement recycling and vegetable field soil heavy metal
Justice.
Technical scheme is as follows:
A kind of earthworm excrement base resistance control agent, is prepared as follows to obtain:
(1) 25-100 parts of cow dung, 0.25-1.0 parts of microbe leaven are uniformly mixed, then add stalk leavening agent 5-
20 parts, water content then is adjusted to 55-75% with pure water, and with pH conditioner adjusting pH value to 5.0-8.5, obtains mixture,
The mixture C/N value is 20-40:1；
The cow dung comes from Hangzhou herding company, and Niu Jinhang feeding green grass, cornflakes, fine fodder collect cow dung and obtains；
The microbe leaven is a kind of compound EM Mixed Microbes produced suitable for cattle and sheep excrement organic fertilizer fermentation, main to wrap
It includes and closes combined bacteria, actinomyces, lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycete etc., hundred million/L of living bacteria count 2000-3000, which is originated from brown sugar
Fermenting and producing and obtain, the microbe leaven can be commercially available by conventional route；
The pH conditioner is the mixing of one or more of acetic acid, citric acid, schlempe, humic acid arbitrary proportion
Object；
The stalk leavening agent is agricultural residues powder, in powdered rice hulls, rice husk powder, rice bran, Chinese medicine slag, edible fungi leftovers
One or more kinds of arbitrary proportions mixture；
(2) mixture obtained by step (1) is covered tightly, heap temperature is wet at 45-70 DEG C using wild product formula pile compost with agricultural film
Degree carries out manually turning over pile and static aerobic ventilation when temperature reaches 60-70 DEG C, pre- compost fermentation is after 10-40 days in 55-75%
Obtain pre fermentation product；
Described pile built-in temperature probe, pile width 200-400cm, height 60-120cm, length 1-100m；
(3) pH value of the pre fermentation product obtained by pH conditioner regulating step (2) obtains earthworm bed base-material to 5.0-8.0；
(4) earthworm bed base-material obtained by step (3) is spread out into strips, according to 0.4-4.0kg/m2Inoculum density add oviposition
Kind earthworm, covers straw, keeps base-material humidity in 55-70% every 3-8 days sprinkling microbial fermentation agent solutions, every 3-8 weeks
It collects fresh earthworm excrement and supplements earthworm bed base-material；
When the earthworm bed base-material is spread out into strips, the strip with a thickness of 10-60cm, length 1-100m, width 1-
3m；
The microbial fermentation agent solution refers to the mixed liquor of microbe leaven and water quality ratio 1:500-3000；
In described the step of collecting fresh earthworm excrement and supplementing earthworm bed base-material, make the earthworm bed of the fresh earthworm excrement collected and supplement
The mass ratio of base-material is in 1:1~5；
(5) the fresh earthworm excrement for collecting step (4) is air-dried in the cool, is rolled, be sieved (5~20 mesh), obtains air-drying earthworm
Excrement；
(6) earthworm excrement will be air-dried obtained by step (5) to be placed in crucible, be warming up to 200-600 under nitrogen protection in tube furnace
DEG C pyrolysis 2-6h, be cooled to room temperature (20~30 DEG C) later, crush, be ground up, sieved (10~100 mesh), obtain earthworm excrement base resistance control
Agent.
Earthworm excrement base resistance control agent of the present invention can be used for the migration resistance control of vegetable field soil Cu/Zn pollution, specific application side
Method is for example:
Cu, Zn composite pollution soil are prepared, so that Cu, Zn content are respectively 150mgkg-1And 320mgkg-1, then
The earthworm excrement base is hindered into control agent and with contaminated soil 1:19 in mass ratio mixes application, by 42 days plants (such as: Lettuce etc.)
After growth cycle, plant content of beary metal is measured, finds that vegetable field can be made after the earthworm excrement base resistance control agent makes an addition to contaminated soil
Upper part Cu, Zn content declines 34%, 53.7% respectively, and root system Cu, Zn content declines 28%, 76.8% respectively.
The present invention has the advantage that
(1) present invention is sufficient for the raw material of the earthworm excrement base resistance control agent of vegetable field soil Cu/Zn pollution, cheap, is suitble to
Agricultural production and appropriate scale of operation.The problems such as solving cow dung accumulation pollution simultaneously, realizes cow dung Fertilizer Transformed, recycling.
(2) the resistance control effect that earthworm excrement base resistance control agent of the present invention migrates Cu/Zn in soil into vegetables is preferable, can make
Vegetables aerial part Cu, Zn content declines 34%, 53.7% respectively, and root system Cu, Zn content declines 28%, 76.8% respectively.
(3) earthworm excrement base resistance control agent of the present invention has certain fertility, plant height can be promoted to increase, single plant aerial part fresh weight
Increase.Have the characteristics that reduce content of beary metal in plant simultaneously.
The present invention is environmentally friendly friendly vegetable field soil Cu/Zn earthworm excrement base resistance control agent, can be easy to use with large-scale production.
(4) specific embodiment
Below by specific embodiment, the invention will be further described, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited in
This.
Embodiment 1: the preparation of earthworm excrement base resistance control agent
(1) cow dung 50kg is taken, 0.5kg parts of microbe leaven are uniformly mixed, and then add stalk leavening agent 15kg, are used in combination
The water content that deionized water, pH conditioner adjust mixture obtains mixture, the mixture C/N to 65%, pH value to 8.0
Value is 25:1.
Wherein, cow dung comes from Hangzhou herding company, and Niu Jinhang feeding green grass, cornflakes, fine fodder collect cow dung and obtains；
The microbe leaven is purchased from Henan agriculture Citroen zx biotechnology company.
(2) mixture for obtaining step (1) is formed width 230cm, high 90cm, is about 2m using wild product formula pile compost
Pile, covered tightly with agricultural film, carry out pre- compost fermentation, guarantee heap temperature in 45-70 DEG C, humidity 65% or so.When temperature reaches
Artificial turning oxygen supply is carried out at 60 DEG C, pre- compost fermentation obtained pre fermentation product after 20 days.
(3) pH conditioner is added in the pre fermentation product obtained by step (2), adjusts pH value to 7.0, obtains suitable earthworm bed
Base-material.
(4) earthworm bed base-material obtained by step (3) is spread out into strips, is highly 20cm, length is about 2m, width 1m, in earthworm
On bed base-material plus oviposition kind earthworm, the additional amount of oviposition kind earthworm are 2.8kg/m2Base-material covers straw, primary every spray in 5 days
Microbial fermentation agent solution (mixed liquor of microbe leaven and water quality ratio 1:1000) keeps humidity 65%.Every 40 days
It collects primary fresh earthworm excrement and adds the earthworm bed base-material of 3 times of amounts.
(5) fresh earthworm excrement that step (4) is collected air-dried at negative place, roll, cross 2mm sieve, obtain air-drying earthworm excrement.
(6) earthworm excrement will be air-dried in step (5) and be loaded on crucible, be placed in tube furnace and lead to nitrogen protection, be pyrolyzed at 350 DEG C
3h.It to the end of being pyrolyzed, crushed after cooling, grinding, cross 0.15mm sieve, obtain the resistance control agent of earthworm excrement base.
Embodiment 2: the resistance control agent of earthworm excrement base is used for the plantation of Lettuce
For examination soil collection in Hangzhou, Zhejiang province city Yuhang District farming farmland, when acquiring soil, it is main acquire 20cm with
On soil, after natural air drying, pick out foreign matter, cross 2mm sieve.Then cleaning red soil is submerged in Cu 150mgkg completely-1With
Zn 320mg·kg-1In mixed solution, stirring 5 times daily air-dry after culture 1 week, and it is spare to cross 2mm sieve.
After equipment is carried out with soil 500g in the plastic flowerpot of a height of 22cm*16cm*16cm of basin mouth internal diameter * bottom inner diameter *
Continuous test.
3 processing of test setting: 1. CK does not add the resistance control agent of earthworm excrement base, and does not add base manure；2. JF does not add earthworm excrement
Base resistance control agent, but add base manure, base manure dosage are as follows: per kilogram soil adds 156.5mg urea, 72.8mg phosphorus monoammonium and 80mg sulphur
Sour potassium；3. CVC350, addition earthworm excrement base resistance control agent, but base manure is not added, earthworm excrement base resistance control agent adding proportion are as follows: 5%, as
25g。
The uniform and full Lettuce seed of particle is selected, first with water washed, the naked oats colza that then will be handled well of distillation
Son plantation is placed on glasshouse cultivation into flowerpot, and plant height of every 7 days records, plant growth harvests after 45 days.It is dried after cleaning
It does, grind Cu, Zn content of beary metal in measurement Lettuce edible part.
Influence of 1 different disposal of table to Cu content in Lettuce (mg/kg, in terms of dry weight)
Note: difference letter a, b, c, e, f indicate that 5% significant difference is horizontal in table 1.
Table 1 is as it can be seen that aerial part and root system Cu content highest are respectively that (kg is fresh by 12.964mg after the Lettuce of JF processing
Weight)-1；19.27mg (kg fresh weight)-1, and edible part BCF is also highest.CVC350 processing is obtained compared with CK processing
The content for obtaining Cu in Lettuce is declined, and Lettuce aerial part and root system decline 34%, 28% respectively.Therefore, earthworm excrement base
Resistance control agent has positive effect to Cu in soil is reduced.
Influence of 2 different disposal of table to Zn content in Lettuce (mg/kg, in terms of dry weight)
Note: difference letter a, b, c, e, f, g indicate that 5% significant difference is horizontal in table 2.
Table 2 is as it can be seen that JF processing is compared with CK processing, and Zn content is not much different in Lettuce aerial part and root system, but
It is the numerical value that JF processing edible part BCF is greater than CK processing for 0.563.In the Lettuce aerial part and root system of CVC350 processing
Zn content is relatively minimum, has dropped 53.7%, 76.8% respectively compared with CK.Lettuce edible part is big to the BCF of soil Zn
Small sequence are as follows: JF > CK > CVC350, and addition earthworm excrement base resistance control agent CVC350 processing edible part is minimum to the BCF of soil Zn,
It may be that charcoal has biggish specific surface area and strong adsorption function, it was demonstrated that earthworm excrement base can be by absorption or coprecipitated
Metal in shallow lake effect resistance control soil enters in vegetables body.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of earthworm excrement base resistance control agent, which is characterized in that the earthworm excrement base resistance control agent is prepared as follows to obtain:
(1) 25-100 parts of cow dung, 0.25-1.0 parts of microbe leaven are uniformly mixed, then add stalk leavening agent 5-20
Part, water content then is adjusted to 55-75% with pure water, and obtains mixture to 5.0-8.5 with pH conditioner adjusting pH value；
(2) mixture obtained by step (1) is covered tightly, at 45-70 DEG C, humidity exists heap temperature using wild product formula pile compost with agricultural film
55-75% carries out manually turning over pile and static aerobic ventilation when temperature reaches 60-70 DEG C, and pre- compost fermentation obtains after 10-40 days
Pre fermentation product；
(3) pH value of the pre fermentation product obtained by pH conditioner regulating step (2) obtains earthworm bed base-material to 5.0-8.0；
(4) earthworm bed base-material obtained by step (3) is spread out into strips, according to 0.4-4.0kg/m2Inoculum density addition oviposition kind of an earthworm
Earthworm covers straw, keeps base-material humidity in 55-70% every 3-8 days sprinkling microbial fermentation agent solutions, collected every 3-8 weeks
Fresh earthworm excrement simultaneously supplements earthworm bed base-material；
The microbial fermentation agent solution refers to the mixed liquor of microbe leaven and water quality ratio 1:500-3000；
In described the step of collecting fresh earthworm excrement and supplementing earthworm bed base-material, make the earthworm bed base-material of the fresh earthworm excrement collected and supplement
Mass ratio in 1:1~5；
(5) the fresh earthworm excrement for collecting step (4) air-dries in the cool, rolls, is sieved, and obtains air-drying earthworm excrement；
(6) earthworm excrement will be air-dried obtained by step (5) to be placed in crucible, be warming up to 200-600 DEG C of heat under nitrogen protection in tube furnace
2-6h is solved, is cooled to room temperature later, is crushed, is ground up, sieved, the resistance control agent of earthworm excrement base is obtained.
2. earthworm excrement base resistance control agent as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the microbe leaven is suitable for cattle and sheep excrement
A kind of compound EM Mixed Microbes of organic fertilizer fermentation production, hundred million/L of living bacteria count 2000-3000, the EM Mixed Microbes are originated from brown sugar
Fermenting and producing and obtain.
3. earthworm excrement base resistance control agent as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the pH conditioner is acetic acid, citric acid, wine
The mixture of one or more of slag, humic acid arbitrary proportion.
4. earthworm excrement base as described in claim 1 resistance control agent, which is characterized in that the stalk leavening agent be agricultural residues powder,
The mixture of one or more of powdered rice hulls, rice husk powder, rice bran, Chinese medicine slag, edible fungi leftovers arbitrary proportion.
5. earthworm excrement base resistance control agent as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in step (2), the width 200- of described pile
400cm, height 60-120cm, length 1-100m.
6. earthworm excrement base resistance control agent as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in step (4), the earthworm bed base-material is spread into strips
When opening, the strip with a thickness of 10-60cm, length 1-100m, width 1-3m.
7. application of the earthworm excrement base resistance control agent as described in claim 1 in the migration resistance control that vegetable field soil Cu/Zn pollutes.
8. the use as claimed in claim 7, which is characterized in that the application method are as follows:
Cu, Zn composite pollution soil are prepared, so that Cu, Zn content are respectively 150mgkg-1And 320mgkg-1, then by institute
It states the resistance control agent of earthworm excrement base and mixes application with contaminated soil 1:19 in mass ratio, after 42 days plant growing cycles, measure plant
Content of beary metal.
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