CN104603097A - 用于治疗多发性硬化症的组合物和方法 - Google Patents
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- CN104603097A CN104603097A CN201380027236.8A CN201380027236A CN104603097A CN 104603097 A CN104603097 A CN 104603097A CN 201380027236 A CN201380027236 A CN 201380027236A CN 104603097 A CN104603097 A CN 104603097A
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Abstract
本发明涉及式I和式II的化合物或其可药用的盐、以及多晶型物、溶剂化物、对映异构体、立体异构体和水合物。可以配制包含有效量的式I或式II的化合物的药物组合物以及制定治疗或预防多发性硬化症的方法,用于口腔、颊部、直肠、局部、经皮、透粘膜、静脉内、肠胃外施药、糖浆或注射。此类组合物可以用于治疗神经退化性疾病和其他神经炎性疾病。
Description
优先权
本申请要求于2012年5月23日提交的印度待决临时专利申请2063/CHE/2012的权益。其全部公开内容依赖于所有目的并通过引用并入本申请中。
技术领域
本公开一般涉及用于治疗多发性硬化症的化合物和组合物。更具体地,本发明涉及用可药用剂量的化合物、立体异构体、对映异构体、晶体、酯、盐,水合物、前药或它们的混合物治疗受试者。
背景技术
多发性硬化症(MS)是一种炎性、自体免疫、脱髓鞘的中枢神经系统疾病。其一般在早期发病,常常是成年的早期。其最常见的症状包括麻木、视力损坏、平衡丧失、虚弱、膀胱功能障碍和心理上的变化。疲劳是MS的早期症状,通常是最早的。该疾病能够在至多30年的时间内发展或减弱,但可能所有病例中的一半逐渐发展为严重的残疾和过早死亡。
MS是年轻人中神经残疾的最常见原因。脱髓鞘作用的消融灶是该疾病的病理学特征。MRI(磁共振成像)头部检查能够精确的检测出这些“白斑”。MRI与消融灶的组织病理学相关性很好,与常规的功能评价相比,逐渐成为用于检测原位MS消融灶特性的更敏感的工具。多发性硬化症是一种复杂的疾病,有可能包括不止一个发病单元,并且很可能受多因素致病源影响。世界范围内MS的流行估计为一百万例;在美国,该数字为250,000-350,000。尽管一般不认为威胁生命,但在美国,该疾病每年致死约3,000人。
神经退化性疾病的致病源仍是未知的,然而,能量代谢的缺陷、兴奋毒性的证据,以及氧化破坏的证据越来越令人信服了。很可能在这些机理之间存在复杂的相互作用。线粒体是自由基的主要细胞内来源,线粒体钙浓度提高增强了自由基的生成。线粒体DNA尤其易受氧化应激反应影响,并且存在伴随正常的年龄增长,呼吸酶活性的破坏和劣化依赖于年龄的证据。这是神经退化性疾病的延迟发作和年龄依赖性的原因。在侧索硬化、多发性硬化症、亨丁顿舞蹈症、帕金森氏病和阿尔茨海默病中,存在对大分子增强的氧化性破坏的证据。
炎症是一种自我防御反应,目的在于消除或中和有害的色质,并恢复组织完整性。在神经退化性疾病中,在不存在白细胞浸润的情况下,炎症由小神经胶质驱动作为局部响应发生。与周边炎症相似,神经性炎症可以变为有害的过程,其促进许多中枢神经系统疾病的发病,包括慢性神经退化性疾病,例如多发性硬化症,这一点现在已被广泛接受。
控制急性病变通常依赖于解决该疾病的潜在的病变和症状。本领域目前存在对治疗或延缓多发性硬化症及其相关并发症进展的发作的新组合物的需要。
发明内容
本发明提供化合物,包含这些化合物的组合物,以及使用其治疗、预防和/或改善诸如多发性硬化症的病症的效果的方法。
本发明提供组合物,所述组合物包含式I或其可药用的盐。本发明还提供药物组合物,所述药物组合物包含一种或多种式I的化合物或其中间体,以及一种或多种可药用的载体、媒介物或稀释剂。这些组合物可以用于多发性硬化症及其并发症的治疗。
在某些实施方案中,本发明涉及式I的化合物和组合物,或其可药用的盐。
其中,
R1、R3各自独立地表示–CH3CO-、乙酰基、D、H、CD3CO-、
R2、R4各自独立地表示H、D、
a独立地为2、3或7;
每个b独立地为3、5或6;
e独立地为1、2或6;
c和d各自独立地为H、D、-OH、-OD、C1-C6烷基、-NH2或-COCH3。
本发明还提供包含式II的组合物或其可药用的盐的组合物。本发明还提供药物组合物,所述药物组合物包含一种或多种式II的化合物或其中间体,以及一种或多种可药用的载体、媒介物或稀释剂。这些组合物可以用于多发性硬化症及其并发症的治疗。
因此,在某些实施方案中,本发明涉及式II的化合物和组合物,或其可药用的盐。
其中,
R1、R3各自独立地表示H、D、
R2、R4各自独立地表示D、CH3CO、CD3CO、
a独立地为2、3或7;
每个b独立地为3、5或6;
e独立地为1、2或6;
c和d各自独立地为H、D、-OH、-OD、C1-C6烷基、-NH2或-COCH3。
在示例性实施方案中,式I的化合物的实例说明如下:
在示例性的实施方案中,式II的化合物的实例说明如下:
本文中,本申请还提供试剂盒,所述试剂盒包括本文所述任意一种药物组合物。所述试剂盒可以包括治疗多发性硬化症及其并发症的使用说明。
本申请还公开了一种药物组合物,所述药物组合物包含可药用的载体和本文的任意一种组合物。在一些方面,配制所述药物组合物以用于全身性施药、口服施药、持续释放、肠胃外施药、注射、皮下施药或经皮施药。
本文中,本申请还提供包括本文所述药物组合物的试剂盒。所述试剂盒还可以包括治疗多发性硬化症及其并发症的使用说明。
本文所述组合物具有多种用途。本发明提供例如治疗患有多发性硬化症及其并发症的病人的方法,所述多发性硬化症及其并发症表现为神经组织退化、神经机能障碍、代谢症状或疾病、代谢综合征、慢性疾病或病症;高胰岛素血症、胰岛素抵抗、葡萄糖耐受、肝病、癌症、呼吸疾病、血液病、整形病症、心血管病、肾脏、皮肤、肾病或眼部并发症。
具体实施方式
定义
如本文中所用,以下术语和短语应当具有下文所述的含义。除非另外定义,否则本文中使用的全部科技术语具有与本领域普通技术人员所通常理解的相同含义。
本发明的化合物可以以可药用盐的形式存在。本发明的化合物可以以可药用盐的形式存在。本发明的化合物也可以以可药用酯的形式存在(即,待用作前药的式I和式II的酸的甲基和乙基酯)。本发明的化合物还可以被溶剂化,即水合。溶剂化可以在制造过程期间,即因式I和式II的初始无水化合物的吸湿性质而起作用或发生(水合)。
具有相同分子式但在性质或者其原子连接顺序或其原子空间排列上不同的化合物被称为“同分异构体”。在其原子空间排列上不同的同分异构体被称为“立体异构体”。非对映异构体是并非对映异构体的以一个或多个手性中心具有相反构型的立体异构体。镜像彼此不可重叠的带有一个或多个非对称中心的立体异构体被称为“对映异构体”。当化合物具有非对称中心时,例如,如果一个碳原子与四个不同的基团连接,则有可能形成一对对映异构体。对映异构体可以通过其非对称中心或多个非对称中心的绝对构型来表征,并且通过Cahn、Ingold和Prelog的R和S排序规则或者通过分子使偏振光平面旋转的方式来进行描述并指定为右旋或左旋(即分别指定为(+)或(-)同分异构体)。手性化合物可以以单一种类的对映异构体或者它们的混合物的形式存在。含有相等比例的对映异构体的混合物被称为“外消旋混合物”。
如本文中所用,术语“代谢病状”是指先天性代谢缺陷(或遗传性代谢病状),其为因一条或多条代谢途径中的缺陷而引起的遗传性疾病;具体而言,使得酶的功能受到影响,导致酶的缺乏或完全不存在。
如本文中所用的术语“多晶型物”为本领域所认可并且是指给定化合物的一种晶体结构。
如本文中所用的短语“肠胃外施药”和“非肠道施药”是指除肠内和局部施药以外的施药模式(例如注射),并且包括而不限于静脉内、肌肉内、胸膜内、血管内、心包内、动脉内、鞘内、囊内、眶内、心脏内、皮内、腹膜内、经气管、皮下、表皮下、关节内、囊下、蛛网膜下、脊柱内和胸骨内的注射和输液。
待由本主题方法治疗的“患者”、“受试者”或“宿主”可以是指人类或非人动物如灵长类、哺乳动物和脊椎动物。
短语“可药用”为本领域所认可。在某些实施方案中,该术语包括在充分医学判断范围内适用于与哺乳动物、人类和动物组织接触而没有过量毒性、刺激性、变态反应或者其它问题或并发症的组合物、聚合物以及其它材料和/或剂型,其与合理的收益/风险比相称。
短语“可药用载体”为本领域所认可,并且包括例如在从机体的一个器官或部分向机体的另一个器官或部分运载或输送任何主题组合物中所涉及的可药用材料、组合物或媒质,例如液体或固体的填充剂、稀释剂、溶剂或包囊材料。每种载体必须从与主题组合物的其它组分相容的意义上来说是“可接受的”,而且对于患者无害。在某些实施方案中,可药用载体是非致热的。可以用作可药用载体的一些实例包括:(1)糖,如乳糖、葡萄糖和蔗糖;(2)淀粉,如玉米淀粉和马铃薯淀粉;(3)纤维素及其衍生物,如羧甲基纤维素钠、乙基纤维素和纤维素乙酸酯;(4)粉状黄芪胶;(5)麦芽;(6)明胶;(7)滑石;(8)可可脂和栓剂蜡;(9)油,如花生油、棉籽油、葵花籽油、芝麻油、橄榄油、玉米油和大豆油;(10)二醇,如丙二醇;(11)多元醇,如甘油、山梨糖醇、甘露糖醇和聚乙二醇;(12)酯,如油酸乙酯和月桂酸乙酯;(13)琼脂;(14)缓冲剂,如氢氧化镁和氢氧化铝;(15)褐藻酸;(16)无热原水;(17)等渗盐水;(18)林格氏溶液(Ringer's solution);(19)乙醇;(20)磷酸盐缓冲溶液;以及(21)在药学制剂中使用的其它无毒相容物质。
术语“前药”意在包括在生理条件下转化为本发明的治疗活性药剂的化合物。制作前药的常见方法为包括所选择的在生理条件下水解以释放所需分子的部分。在其它实施方案中,通过宿主动物的酶活性来转化前药。
术语“预防性或治疗性”治疗为本领域所认可,并且包括对宿主施用一种或多种主题组合物。如果在临床表现出不希望的病状(例如宿主动物的疾病或其它不希望的状态)之前施药,则治疗为预防性的,即保护宿主免于发展出不希望的病状;而如果在表现出不希望的病状之后施药,则治疗为治疗性的(即意在降低、减轻或稳定现有的不希望病状或其副作用)。
如本文中所用的术语“预测”是指在指定的未来时间窗口(预测窗口)内,对于相关疾病患者将会遭受畸形或并发症和/或末端血小板聚集或衰竭和/或死亡的概率(即死亡率)进行评估。所述死亡率可以由中枢神经系统或并发症引起。所述预测窗口为受试者根据预测概率将会发展出一种或多种上述并发症的时间间隔。在通过本发明的方法进行分析时,预测窗口可以为受试者的全部剩余寿命。
术语“治疗”为本领域所认可,并且包括防止疾病、紊乱或病状在可预先倾向于发生这种疾病、紊乱和/或病状但尚未诊断为患有该疾病、紊乱或病状的动物中发生;抑制所述疾病、紊乱或病状,例如阻碍该疾病、紊乱或病状的发展;以及减轻所述疾病、紊乱或病状,例如引起该疾病、紊乱和/或病状的消退。治疗疾病或病状包括在即使没有影响到根本性病理生理学的情况下,减轻特定疾病或病状的至少一种症状,例如通过施用药剂,即使在这种药剂没有治疗病状成因的情况下,对受试者进行胃肠功能紊乱如炎症性肠病、溃疡性结肠炎以及轻度至中度的克罗恩病的治疗。如本文中所用的术语“治疗(treating)”、“治疗(treat)”或“治疗(treatment)”包括治愈性、阻止性(例如预防性)、辅助性和缓解性的治疗。
短语“治疗有效量”是为本领域所认可的术语。在某些实施方案中,该术语是指本文中公开的盐或组合物的量,所述量以适用于任何医学治疗的合理收益/风险比产生某种预期的作用。在某些实施方案中,该术语是指在一段时间内将医学症状消除或减少所必须或足够的量。有效量可以根据诸如治疗中的疾病或病状、施用中的特定靶向构建体、受试者的大小或者疾病或病状的严重性的因素而进行改变。本领域的普通技术人员可以经验性地确定特定组合物的有效量而无需过度实验。
在某些实施方案中,本文中所述的药物组合物以使得所述组合物可以以治疗有效量递送至患者从而作为预防性或治疗性治疗部分的方式来进行配制。待施用至患者的所需组合物量将取决于药物的吸收、失活和排泄速率以及盐和组合物由主题组合物的递送速率。需要注意的是,剂量值也可以随着待减缓病状的严重性而改变。应当进一步理解的是,对于任何特定的受试者,应当根据个体需要和施用或指导施用组合物的人的专业判断,随着时间推移来调节具体的剂量方案。通常而言,剂量将利用本领域的技术人员所知的技术来确定。
另外,可以对任何特定的盐或组合物的最佳浓度和/或量或者剂量进行调节以适应治疗参数的变化。这些治疗参数包括制剂投向的临床用途(例如治疗的部位)、患者的类型(例如人类或非人类、成人或儿童),以及疾病或病状的性质。
在某些实施方案中,本文中提供的主题组合物的剂量可以通过参考治疗组合物或其它包囊材料的血浆浓度来确定。例如,可以使用最大血浆浓度(Cmax)以及血浆浓度-时间曲线下从时间为0至无穷大的面积。
当在药物组合物或其它材料方面使用时,术语“持续释放”为本领域所认可。例如,与使全部剂量的物质一次性生物可用的单次快速(bolus)型施用相反,经时释放物质的主题组合物可以显示出持续释放的特性。例如,在特定的实施方案中,在与体液(包括血液、脊髓液、粘液分泌物或淋巴液等)接触时,一种或多种可药用赋形剂可以在持续或延长的时间内(与单次快速释放相比)进行逐步或延迟的降解(例如通过水解),同时释放出其中包含的任何物质(例如治疗药物和/或生物活性盐和/或组合物)。这种释放可以使得本文中公开的任何治疗药剂的治疗有效量延长递送。
短语“全身施用”、“全身性施用”、“外围施用”和“外围性施用”为本领域所认可,并且包括在远离治疗疾病部位处施用主题组合物、治疗药物或其它材料。对于用于治疗疾病的药剂的施用,除非直接施用至中枢神经系统中(例如通过皮下施用),否则即使该药剂随后全身性地分布,仍可以被称为“局域”、“局部”或“区域性”施用,从而进入患者身体系统,并由此进行代谢等过程。
短语“治疗有效量”是为本领域所认可的术语。在某些实施方案中,该术语是指本文中公开的盐或组合物的量,所述量以适用于任何医学治疗的合理收益/风险比产生某种预期的作用。在某些实施方案中,该术语是指在一段时间内将医学症状消除或减少所必须或足够的量。有效量可以根据诸如治疗中的疾病或病状、施用中的特定靶向构建体、受试者的大小或者疾病或病状的严重性的因素而进行改变。本领域的普通技术人员可以经验性地确定特定组合物的有效量而无需过度实验。
本公开内容也仔细考虑了本文中公开的组合物的前药,以及所述前药的可药用盐。
本申请还公开了包含可药用载体的药物组合物,并且可以配制式I和式II的化合物的组合物用于全身、局部或口服施用。也可以将该药物组合物配制用于口服施用、口服溶液剂、注射、皮下施用或经皮施用。所述药物组合物还可以包含可药用的稳定剂、稀释剂、表面活性剂、填充剂、粘合剂和润滑剂中的至少一种。
在很多实施方案中,本文中所述的药物组合物将以足够向患者递送式I和式II的化合物或组合物的治疗有效量的量包含所公开的待递送化合物和组合物(式I和式II),作为预防性或治疗性治疗的部分。所需的式I和式II或其可药用盐的浓度将取决于药物的吸收、失活和排泄速率以及盐和组合物由主题组合物的递送速率。需要注意的是,剂量值也可以随着待减缓病状的严重性而改变。应当进一步理解的是,对于任何特定的受试者,应当根据个体需要和施用或指导施用组合物的人的专业判断,随着时间推移来调节具体的剂量方案。通常而言,剂量将利用本领域的技术人员所知的技术来确定。
另外,可以对任何特定的式I和式II的化合物的最佳浓度和/或量或者剂量进行调节以适应治疗参数的变化。这些治疗参数包括制剂投向的临床用途(例如治疗的部位)、患者的类型(例如人类或非人类、成人或儿童),以及疾病或病状的性质。
可以通过对动物(例如鼠)进行定期检查,采用适当试验检查待测定物质的一系列浓度和/或剂量,来容易地确定任何式I和式II的化合物的浓度和/或剂量。已知的方法也可用于检定在施用本文中公开的治疗药物制剂之前和之后的局部组织浓度、盐或组合物的扩散速率以及局部血流量。这样的方法之一为微量渗析,如T.E.Robinson等在1991年的Techniques第7卷第1章的microdialysis in the neurosciences中所述。Robinson所述的方法可以如下实施。将微量渗析环原位放置在试验动物中。通过该环以泵输送透析液。当靠近该环注射例如本文中公开的式I和式II的化合物时,所释放的药物以与其局部组织浓度成比例地聚集在透析液中。由此,可以利用已知的盐或组合物的浓度,通过合适的校正程序来确定盐或组合物的扩散进程。
在某些实施方案中,本文中提供的主题式I和式II的化合物的剂量可以通过参考治疗性组合物或其它包囊材料的血浆浓度来确定。例如,可以使用最大血浆浓度(Cmax)以及血浆浓度-时间曲线下从时间为0至无穷大的面积。
总地来说,在实施本申请中详述的方法时,式I的化合物的有效剂量为单剂量或分剂量在约0.01mg/kg/天至约100mg/kg/天,例如单剂量或分剂量在0.01mg/kg/天至约50mg/kg/天的范围内。式I的化合物可以按照例如少于0.2mg/kg/天、0.5mg/kg/天、1.0mg/kg/天、5mg/kg/天、10mg/kg/天、20mg/kg/天、30mg/kg/天或40mg/kg/天的剂量施用。式I和式II的化合物也可以按照例如0.1mg与1000mg之间、5mg与80mg之间或每天少于1.0、9.0、12.0、20.0、50.0、75.0、100、300、400、500、800、1000、2000、5000mg的剂量施用于人类患者。在某些实施方案中,本文中的组合物以少于获得相同治疗收益所需的式I和式II的化合物的95%、90%、80%、70%、60%、50%、40%、30%、20%或10%的量来施用。
本文中所述的式I和式II的化合物的有效量是指能够抑制或预防疾病的一种所述盐或组合物的量。
在存在因神经损伤或脱髓鞘和/或反应性氧化-氮化种类升高和/或神经传导物质内环境稳定异常而导致并发症风险的患者中,有效量可以足以阻止、治疗、缓解、减轻、暂停、抑制、延缓或逆转此类并发症的发展,或降低该并发症的严重程度。就此而言,这些方法视情况包括医学治疗性(急性)和/或预防性(预防)的施用。当然,施用组合物的剂量和时间将取决于接受治疗的受试者、病痛的严重程度、施用的方式以及处方医师的判断。因此,由于患者间的不同,上文所给出的剂量是一种指导,并且医师可以滴定药物的剂量来实现医师认为适合于患者的治疗。在考虑预期的治疗程度时,医师必须权衡多种因素,例如患者的年龄、已有疾病的存在以及其它疾病的存在。
由本申请提供的组合物可以通过各种常规施药途径,包括口服、局部、肠胃外(例如静脉注射、皮下注射或髓内注射)而施用至需要治疗的受试者。并且,所述组合物可以鼻内、作为直肠栓剂或使用“快速”配方(即使药物在口腔中溶解而无需使用水)来施用。此外,该组合物可以通过控制释放剂型、特定部位药物递送、经皮药物递送、贴片(主动/被动)介导药物递送,通过立体定位注射,或以纳米粒子的形式施用至需要治疗的受试者。
所述组合物可以以单剂量或多剂量单独地或与可药用载体、媒质或稀释剂组合施用。合适的药物载体、媒质和稀释剂包括惰性固体稀释剂或填充剂、无菌水溶液和多种有机溶剂。通过将上述组合物与可药用载体、媒质或稀释剂混合而形成的药物组合物随后以各种剂型例如片剂、散剂、锭剂、糖浆和注射溶液剂等容易地进行施用。如果需要,这些药物组合物可以含有额外的成分,例如调味剂、粘合剂和赋形剂等。因此,出于口服施用的目的,可以将含有多种赋形剂如L-精氨酸、柠檬酸钠、碳酸钙和磷酸钙的片剂与多种崩解剂如淀粉、褐藻酸和特定的复合硅酸盐,连同粘合剂如聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、蔗糖、明胶和阿拉伯树胶一起使用。此外,润滑剂如硬脂酸镁、十二烷基硫酸钠和滑石经常用于造片的目的。也可以将相似类型的固体组合物用作软质和硬质填充明胶胶囊中的填充剂。也可以将相似类型的固体组合物用作软质和硬质填充明胶胶囊中的填充剂。作此用途的合适材料包括乳糖(lactose)或乳糖(milk sugar)以及高分子量的聚乙二醇。当出于口服施用而需要含水混悬剂或酏剂时,可以将其中的实质有效成分与多种甜味或调味剂、着色物质或染料以及乳化或助悬剂(如果需要),连同稀释剂如水、乙醇、丙二醇、甘油及其组合进行混合。如在制药领域中所公知的,式I和式II的化合物还可以包含含有多种赋形剂的肠溶衣(enterically coated)。
对于肠胃外施药,所述组合物的溶液剂可以在(例如)芝麻或花生油、含水丙二醇中制备,或者可以使用无菌水溶液。如有必要,应当对这种水溶液进行适当缓冲,并且应该首先使液体稀释剂与足量的生理盐水或葡萄糖等渗。这些特定的水溶液尤其适合于静脉内、肌肉内、皮下和腹膜内施用。就此而言,所使用的无菌含水介质均可通过本领域技术人员已知的标准技术容易地获得。
诸如片剂的制剂可以含有例如10至100、50至250、150至500mg或350至800mg,例如10、50、100、300、500、700、800mg本文中公开的式I和式II的化合物,例如式I和式II的化合物或式I的化合物的可药用盐。
通常而言,如本文中所述的组合物可以口服或肠胃外(例如静脉内、肌肉内、皮下或髓内)施用。也可以指示局部施用,例如在患者正患有妨碍口服施用的胃肠紊乱的情况下,或者当主治医师确定将药物施用于组织或器官表面最为合适时。还可以指示定点施用,例如当靶组织或器官处需要较高剂量时。对于颊部施用,活性组合物可以采取以常规方式配制的片剂或锭剂的形式。
所施用的剂量将取决于炎症性肠病的特性;涉及宿主的类型(包括其年龄、健康状况和重量);同步治疗(如果有)的种类;治疗频率以及治疗比。
示例性地,施用活性成分基于宿主体重的剂量水平为:静脉注射,0.1至约200mg/kg;肌肉注射,1至约500mg/kg;口服,5至约1000mg/kg;鼻内滴注,5至约1000mg/kg;喷雾剂,5至约1000mg/kg。
以浓度来表述,对于在皮肤周边、鼻内、咽喉、支气管、阴道内、直肠或眼部的定点使用,本发明的组合物中含有活性成分的浓度可以为该组合物的约0.01至约50%w/w;优选为该组合物的约1至约20%w/w;而对于肠胃外使用,浓度可以为该组合物的约0.05至约50%w/v;优选为约5至约20%w/v。
本发明的组合物优选提出以含有适量活性成分的单位剂量的形式施用于人和动物,例如片剂、胶囊、丸剂、散剂、颗粒剂、栓剂、无菌注射用溶液剂或混悬剂、无菌非注射用溶液剂或混悬剂,以及口服溶液剂或混悬剂等。对于口服施药,可以制备成固体或液体的单位剂量的形式。
如上文所讨论,片芯含有一种或多种亲水性聚合物。合适的亲水性聚合物包括但不限于水溶胀性纤维素衍生物、聚亚烷基二醇、热塑性聚亚烷基氧化物、丙烯酸类聚合物、亲水胶体、粘土、胶凝淀粉、溶胀性交联聚合物以及它们的混合物。合适的水溶胀性纤维素衍生物的实例包括但不限于羧甲基纤维素钠、交联羟丙基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素(HPC)、羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)、羟异丙基纤维素、羟丁基纤维素、羟苯基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素(HEC)、羟戊基纤维素、羟丙基乙基纤维素、羟丙基丁基纤维素和羟丙基乙基纤维素以及它们的混合物。合适的聚亚烷基二醇的实例包括但不限于聚乙二醇。合适的热塑性聚亚烷基氧化物的实例包括但不限于聚(环氧乙烷)。合适的丙烯酸类聚合物的实例包括但不限于甲基丙烯酸钾-二乙烯基苯共聚物、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、高分子量交联丙烯酸均聚物和共聚物(例如可购自Noveon Chemicals的商品名为CARBOPOLLTM的高分子量交联丙烯酸均聚物和共聚物)。合适的亲水胶体的实例包括但不限于褐藻酸盐、琼脂、瓜尔胶、刺槐豆胶、κ-角叉菜胶、ι-角叉菜胶、塔拉胶、阿拉伯树胶、黄芪胶、果胶、黄原胶、结冷胶、麦芽糊精、半乳甘露聚糖、石脐素(pusstulan)、海带多糖、硬葡聚糖、阿拉伯树胶、菊粉、果胶、明胶、威兰胶(whelan)、中性树胶、菌胶团(zooglan)、甲兰胶(methylan)、甲壳素、环糊精、壳聚糖以及它们的混合物。合适的粘土的实例包括但不限于蒙脱石如膨润土、高岭土和锂皂石;三硅酸镁;硅酸镁铝;以及它们的混合物。合适的胶凝淀粉的实例包括但不限于酸解淀粉、溶胀淀粉如羟基乙酸淀粉钠及其衍生物,以及它们的混合物。合适的溶胀性交联聚合物的实例包括但不限于交联聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、交联琼脂和交联羧甲基纤维素钠,以及它们的混合物。
所述载体可以含有一种或多种合适的赋形剂以用于片剂的配制。合适的赋形剂的实例包括但不限于填充剂、吸附剂、粘合剂、崩解剂、润滑剂、助流剂、释放改性赋形剂、超级崩解剂、抗氧化剂以及它们的混合物。
合适的粘合剂包括但不限于:干式粘合剂,如聚乙烯吡咯烷酮和羟丙基甲基纤维素;湿式粘合剂,例如水溶性聚合物,包括亲水胶体如阿拉伯树胶、褐藻酸盐、琼脂、瓜尔胶、刺槐豆胶、角叉菜胶、羧甲基纤维素、塔拉胶、阿拉伯树胶、黄芪胶、果胶、黄原胶、结冷胶、明胶、麦芽糊精、半乳甘露聚糖、石脐素、海带多糖、硬葡聚糖、菊粉、威兰胶、中性树胶、菌胶团、甲兰胶、甲壳素、环糊精、壳聚糖、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、纤维素制品、蔗糖和淀粉,以及它们的混合物。合适的崩解剂包括但不限于羟基乙酸淀粉钠、交联聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、交联羧甲基纤维素、淀粉、微晶纤维素以及它们的混合物。
合适的润滑剂包括但不限于长链脂肪酸及其盐(例如硬脂酸镁和硬脂酸)、滑石、甘油酯、蜡以及它们的混合物。合适的助流剂包括但不限于胶体二氧化硅。合适的释放改性赋形剂包括但不限于不溶性可食用材料、pH依赖性聚合物以及它们的混合物。
适合用作释放改性赋形剂的不溶性可食用材料包括但不限于水不溶性聚合物和低熔点疏水性材料、它们的共聚物以及它们的混合物。合适的水不溶性聚合物的实例包括但不限于乙基纤维素、聚乙烯醇、聚乙酸乙烯酯、聚己内酯、纤维素乙酸酯及其衍生物、丙烯酸酯、甲基丙烯酸酯、丙烯酸共聚物、它们的共聚物以及它们的混合物。合适的低熔点疏水性材料包括但不限于脂肪、脂肪酸酯、磷脂、蜡以及它们的混合物。合适的脂肪的实例包括但不限于氢化植物油如可可脂、氢化棕榈仁油、氢化棉籽油、氢化葵花籽油和氢化大豆油,游离脂肪酸及其盐,以及它们的混合物。合适的脂肪酸酯的实例包括但不限于蔗糖脂肪酸酯,甘油单、二和三酯,山萮酸甘油酯,棕榈酰硬脂酸甘油酯,单硬脂酸甘油酯,三硬脂酸甘油酯,三月桂酸甘油酯,肉豆蔻酸甘油酯,GlycoWax-932,月桂酰基聚乙二醇-32甘油酯,硬脂酰基聚乙二醇-32甘油酯以及它们的混合物。合适的磷脂的实例包括磷脂酰胆碱、磷脂酰丝氨酸(phosphotidyl serene)、磷脂酰肌醇(phosphotidyl enositol)、磷脂酸以及它们的混合物。合适的蜡的实例包括但不限于巴西棕榈蜡、鲸蜡、蜂蜡、小烛树蜡、紫胶蜡、微晶蜡和固体石蜡;含脂肪混合物如巧克力,以及它们的混合物。超级崩解剂的实例包括但不限于交联羧甲基纤维素钠、羟基乙酸淀粉钠和交联聚维酮(交联聚维酮)。在一个实施方案中,片芯含有多达约5重量%的这种超级崩解剂。
抗氧化剂的实例包括但不限于生育酚、抗坏血酸、焦亚硫酸钠、丁基羟基甲苯、丁基羟基茴香醚、乙二胺四乙酸和乙二胺四乙酸盐,以及它们的混合物。防腐剂的实例包括但不限于柠檬酸、酒石酸、乳酸、苹果酸、乙酸、苯甲酸和山梨酸,以及它们的混合物。
在一个实施方案中,立即释放包覆层的平均厚度为至少50微米,例如,从约50微米至约2500微米(比如从约250微米至约1000微米)。在一个实施方案中,如通过该特定的层的重量和体积所测量的,立即释放包覆层通常被压缩至密度超过约0.9g/cc。
在一个实施方案中,立即释放包覆层包括第一部分和第二部分,其中至少一个部分含有第二药物活性药剂。在一个实施方案中,所述两个部分在片剂的中心轴相互接触。在一个实施方案中,第一部分包含第一药物活性药剂且第二部分包含第二药物活性药剂。
在一个实施方案中,第一部分含有第一药物活性药剂且第二部分含有第二药物活性药剂。在一个实施方案中,一个所述部分含有第三药物活性药剂。在一个实施方案中,一个所述部分包括与片芯中所含相同药物活性药剂的第二立即释放部分。
在一个实施方案中,外包覆层部分在被引入至包覆片芯前,先被制成干的共混材料。在另一个实施方案中,外包覆层部分包含含有药物活性药剂的干制粒。
具有上述不同药物释放机理的制剂可以被结合成含有单或多单元的最终剂型。多单元的实例包括多层片剂,含有固体或液体形式的片、珠或颗粒的胶囊。通常而言,立即释放制剂包含压缩片剂、凝胶、膜、包覆层、能够被包封在例如凝胶胶囊中的液体和颗粒。很多用于制备包覆层、覆盖或结合药物的方法均是本领域中已知的。
剂型中的立即释放剂量单元,即片剂、含多种药物的珠、颗粒或小丸或包覆芯的外层剂型,含有治疗有效量的活性药剂和常规的药物赋形剂。所述立即释放剂量单元可以被或不被包覆,并且可以与或不与延迟释放剂量单元进行混合(混合为含有立即释放药物的颗粒、小丸或珠和含有延迟释放药物的颗粒或珠的包囊混合物)。
延迟释放制剂通常被制成扩散或渗透系统,例如,如在“Remington—TheScience andPractice of Pharmacy”(20th.Ed.,Lippincott Williams&Wilkins,Baltimore,Md.,2000)中所述。扩散系统通常由两种装置中的一种、容器和基质构成,其为本领域中所公知并有所记载。基质装置通常通过将药物与缓慢溶解聚合物载体一起压缩成片剂剂型来制备。
可以通过利用包覆或压缩工艺在延迟释放芯上包覆立即释放层,或者在例如含有延迟和立即释放珠的胶囊的多单元体系中,将立即释放部分加入到延迟释放系统中。
延迟释放剂量制剂通过用不溶于胃部酸性环境但溶解于小肠中性环境的聚合物的膜包覆固体剂型来制作。延迟释放剂量单元可以例如通过用选择的包覆材料包覆药物或含药物组合物来制备。所述含药物组合物可以是加入胶囊中的片剂、在“包覆芯”剂型中用作内芯的片剂,或加入片剂或胶囊中的含有多种药物的珠、小丸或颗粒。
脉冲释放剂型为模拟多次加药过程但并不重复加药,而且与传统加药形式的药物(例如,作为溶液或即时药物释放的传统固体剂型)相比通常可使加药频率降低至少两倍的剂型。脉冲释放过程的特征在于,一段时间内无释放(延迟时间)或减量释放,然后进行快速药物释放。
每种剂型都含有治疗有效量的活性药剂。在一个模拟每天两次加药过程的剂型的实施方案中,在第一次脉冲中释放了剂型中活性药剂总量的约30wt.%至70wt.%,优选40wt.%至60wt.%,并在第二次脉冲中相应地释放了剂型中活性药剂总量的约70wt.%至30wt.%,优选60wt.%至40wt.%。对于模拟每天两次加药过程的剂型,第二次脉冲优选在施药后约3小时至少于14小时,更优选在约5小时至12小时内释放。
另一种剂型含有压缩片剂或胶囊,所述压缩片剂或胶囊包含含有药物的立即释放剂量单元、延迟释放剂量单元和可选的第二延迟释放剂量单元。在这种剂型中,立即释放剂量单元含有很多在口服施药后立即大量释放药物的珠、颗粒、小丸以提供初始剂量。延迟释放剂量单元含有很多经包覆的珠或颗粒,其在口服施药后约3小时至14小时释放药物以提供二次剂量。
为了经皮(例如局部)施用,可以制备稀释的无菌含水或部分含水溶液(浓度通常为约0.1%至5%),其它方面与上文所述的经皮溶液剂相似。
对于本领域的技术人员而言,制备各种含有特定量的一种或多种式I和式II的化合物或其它活性药剂的药物组合物的方法是已知的,或者根据本公开内容将会是显而易见的。对于制备药物组合物的方法的实例,请参见Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences(Mack PublishingCompany,Easton,Pa.,19th Edition(1995))。
此外,在某些实施方案中,本申请的主题组合物可以被冻干或经过另一合适的干燥技术,例如喷雾干燥。所述主题组合物可以一次性施用,或者可以部分根据组合物的释放速率和所需剂量而分成多个更小的剂量在不同时段下施用。
可用于本文中所提供方法的制剂包括适用于口、鼻、局部(包括颊和舌下)、直肠、阴道、喷雾和/或肠胃外施用的制剂。所述制剂可以方便地以单位剂量的形式呈现,并且可以通过制药领域中熟知的任何方法来制备。可与载体材料结合以制成单次剂量的主题组合物的量可以根据接受治疗的受试者以及特定的施药模式而改变。
制备这些制剂或组合物的方法包括使主题组合物与载体以及可选的一种或多种辅助成分相结合的步骤。总地来说,所述制剂通过使主题组合物与液体载体、磨碎的固体载体或两者均匀而充分地结合,然后如有必要,使所得的产品成型来制备。
本文中所述的式I和式II的化合物可以以吸入或喷雾制剂的形式来施用。所述吸入或喷雾制剂可以包含一种或多种可用于吸入疗法中的药剂,例如辅药、诊断剂、显影剂或治疗剂。最终的喷雾制剂相对于该制剂的总重量可以例如含有0.005-90%w/w(如0.005-50%、0.005-5%w/w或0.01-1.0%w/w)的药物。
在用于口服施药的固体剂型(胶囊、片剂、丸剂、糖衣丸、散剂和颗粒等)中,使主题组合物与一种或多种可药用载体和/或下述中的任意一种相混合:(1)填充剂或增量剂,如淀粉、乳糖、蔗糖、葡萄糖、甘露糖醇和/或硅酸;(2)粘合剂,如羧甲基纤维素、褐藻酸盐、明胶、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、蔗糖和/或阿拉伯树胶;(3)保湿剂,如甘油;(4)崩解剂,如琼脂、碳酸钙、马铃薯或木薯淀粉、褐藻酸、特定的硅酸盐以及碳酸钠;(5)缓溶剂,如石蜡;(6)吸收促进剂,如季铵化合物;(7)润湿剂,如乙酰乙醇和单硬脂酸甘油酯;(8)吸收剂,如高岭土和膨润土;(9)润滑剂,如滑石、硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸镁、固体聚乙二醇、十二烷基硫酸钠以及它们的混合物;以及(10)着色剂。在胶囊、片剂和丸剂的情况下,所述药物组合物也可以包含缓冲剂。还可以使用相似类型的固体组合物作为使用乳糖和高分子量的聚乙二醇等的软质和硬质填充的明胶胶囊中的填充剂。
用于口服施药的液体剂型包括可药用的乳剂、微乳剂、溶液剂、混悬剂、糖浆剂和酏剂。除了主题组合物以外,所述液体剂型可以含有本领域中常用的惰性稀释剂,例如水或其它溶剂、增溶剂和乳化剂,例如乙醇、异丙醇、碳酸二乙酯、乙酸乙酯、苯甲醇、苯甲酸苄酯、丙二醇、1,3-丁二醇、油类(特别是棉籽、玉米、花生、葵花籽、大豆、橄榄、蓖麻和芝麻油)、甘油、四氢呋喃甲醇、聚乙二醇和山梨聚糖的脂肪酸酯,以及它们的混合物。
除了主题组合物以外,混悬剂可以含有悬浮剂,例如乙氧基化异硬脂醇、聚氧乙烯山梨糖醇(polyoxyethylene sorbitol)和脱水山梨醇酯、微晶纤维素、氢氧化铝、膨润土、琼脂和黄芪胶,以及它们的混合物。
用于直肠或阴道施药的制剂可以呈现为栓剂,该栓剂通过将主题组合物与一种或多种合适的非刺激性载体混合来制备,所述非刺激性载体包括例如可可脂、聚乙二醇、栓剂蜡或水杨酸盐,并且在室温下为固体而在体温下为液体,因而将在合适的体腔内溶化并释放所包封的化合物和组合物。适合于阴道施药的制剂还包含含有本领域中已知适用的载体的阴道栓、卫生棉条、乳膏、凝胶、糊剂、泡沫或喷雾制剂。
用于经皮施用的剂型包括散剂、喷雾剂、软膏、糊剂、乳膏、洗液、凝胶、溶液剂、贴片和吸入剂。可以将主题组合物在无菌条件下与可药用载体,以及任何可能需要的防腐剂、缓冲剂或推进剂进行混合。对于经皮施药,复合物可以包含亲脂性和亲水性基团以实现所需的水溶性和输送性质。
除了主题组合物以外,软膏、糊剂、乳膏和凝胶可以含有其它的载体,例如动物和植物脂肪、油、蜡、石蜡、淀粉、黄芪胶、纤维素衍生物、聚乙二醇、硅树脂、膨润土、硅酸、滑石和氧化锌,或者它们的混合物。除了主题组合物以外,散剂和喷雾剂可以含有赋形剂如乳糖、滑石、硅酸、氢氧化铝、硅酸钙和聚酰胺粉末,或者这些物质的混合物。喷雾剂还可以另外含有常用的推进剂,例如氯氟烃和挥发性的未取代烃(如丁烷和丙烷)。
通过经皮贴剂来递送组合物的方法是本领域中已知的。示例性的贴片以及贴片递送方法在美国专利号6,974,588、6,564,093、6,312,716、6,440,454、6,267,983、6,239,180和6,103,275中进行了描述。
在另一个实施方案中,经皮贴剂可以包括:包含复合膜的基底片,所述复合膜由含有100重量份聚氯乙烯-聚氨酯复合物和2-10重量份苯乙烯-乙烯-丁烯-苯乙烯共聚物的树脂组合物形成;在所述复合膜一侧的第一粘合层;通过所述第一粘合层粘贴在复合膜一侧上的聚亚烷基对苯二酸酯膜;包含饱和聚酯树脂并在所述聚亚烷基对苯二酸酯膜表面上形成的打底层;以及在所述打底层上形成的第二粘合层,该第二粘合层包含含有药物试剂的苯乙烯-二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物。制备上述基底片的方法包括:制备上述树脂组合物;通过压延法将该树脂组合物模制成复合膜;然后通过粘合层将聚亚烷基对苯二酸酯膜粘贴在该复合膜的一侧上,由此形成基底片;并在所述聚亚烷基对苯二酸酯膜的外表面上形成包含饱和聚酯树脂的打底层。
另一种类型的贴片包括将药物直接引入可药用粘合剂中,并将该含药物的粘合剂层合在合适的衬底膜(例如聚酯衬底膜)上。所述药物应当以不影响粘合剂的性质,同时递送所需的临床剂量的浓度存在。
经皮贴剂可以是被动或主动的。目前可用的被动经皮药物递送系统(例如尼古丁、雌激素和硝化甘油贴片)递送小分子药物。很多新开发的蛋白质和肽类药物过大而无法通过被经皮贴片来递送,它们可以采用例如电子辅助(离子电渗疗法)的大分子药物技术来进行递送。
离子电渗疗法是通过施加电流用来提高电离物质通过膜的通量的技术。离子电渗疗法的膜的一个实例在美国专利号5,080,646至Theeuwes中给出。离子电渗疗法增强分子透过皮肤的主要机理为:(a)从相同电荷的电极上排斥带电离子;(b)电渗透,在施加电场时作为反离子优先路径的响应,通过带电孔洞发生溶剂的对流运动;或者(c)由于施加电流而提高皮肤的渗透性。
在一些情况下,可能需要以试剂盒的形式来施用,所述试剂盒可以包括用来容纳单独组合物的容器,例如分隔瓶或分开的箔包装(divided foil packet)。通常而言,试剂盒包含单独组分的施用说明。当单独组分优选以不同的剂型(例如口服和肠胃外)施用、以不同的施药间隔施用或者当处方医师需要对组合物的各个组分进行滴定时,试剂盒的形式是尤其有利的。
这种试剂盒的实例为所谓的泡罩包装。泡罩包装在包装产业中为人所熟知,并且广泛用于药物单位剂型(片剂和胶囊等)的包装。泡罩包装通常由一片相对坚硬的材料构成,所述材料覆盖有可以是透明的塑料材料箔。
用于治疗多发性硬化症的方法和组合物。其中,本文中提供一种治疗多发性硬化症的方法,所述方法包括向需要该方法的患者施用治疗有效量的式I的化合物:
其中,
R1、R3各自独立地表示–CH3CO-乙酰基、D、H、CD3CO-、
R2、R4各自独立地表示H、D、
a独立地为2、3或7;
每个b独立地为3、5或6;
e独立地为1、2或6;
c和d各自独立地为H、D、-OH、-OD、C1-C6-烷基、-NH2或-COCH3。
因此,另一方面是用于治疗多发性硬化症的方法和组合物。其中,本文中提供一种治疗多发性硬化症的方法,所述方法包括向需要该方法的患者施用治疗有效量的式II的化合物:
其中,
R1、R3各自独立地表示H、D、
R2、R4各自独立地表示D、CH3CO、CD3CO、
a独立地为2、3或7;
每个b独立地为3、5或6;
e独立地为1、2或6;
c和d各自独立地为H、D、-OH、-OD、C1-C6-烷基、-NH2或-COCH3。
制备方法
适用于制备式I和式II的化合物的合成途径的例子在以下实例中说明,并在方案1至方案2中进行总结:
方案1:
步骤1:化合物2的合成:
将磁性自旋棒、化合物2(0.38mmol)、酸1(0.57mmol)、DMF(1.912ml)和二异丙基乙胺(0.334ml,1.91mmol)加入50mL小瓶中。在搅拌下,加入HATU(0.291g,0.76mmol),然后将反应加热至50℃,约3小时。然后,用水稀释反应,并用乙酸乙酯(3X50mL)萃取。真空下,用MgSO4干燥合并的有机提取物,通过硅藻土层过滤,和锥体过滤,得到经硅胶纯化后获得化合物3的产品。
步骤2:化合物6的合成:
在RB酸4(1.0mmol)&无水K2CO3(3.0mmol)中悬浮干燥的DMF(10vol),在室温下搅拌2小时,然后冷却至-10℃,将胺的盐酸盐5(1.0mmol)缓慢逐滴加入,然后在室温下搅拌12小时。通过TLC监测反应。反应完成后,将反应混合物倒入水中(10mL),然后用乙醚(2x5ml)萃取。合并的有机层首先用水(2x5mL),然后用盐水(10mL)清洗,用无水Na2SO4干燥,然后减压蒸发。粗制物通过柱层析用100-200目硅胶净化,以获得化合物6。
步骤3:化合物7的合成
在真空下用热风枪干燥碳酸氢钠(15.6mmol)。用干燥的氩气排空装置,加入CH2Cl2(6mL)和三光气(4.5mmol),然后用冰浴将反应混合物冷却至5-10℃。在2小时的期间内,用注射器和插管将化合物6(6.8mmol)加入经搅拌的悬浮液中。使反应混合物达室温。搅拌3小时后,通过过滤去除形成的氯化钠以及残留的碳酸氢钠,剩余的滤液在减压下浓缩,并在高真空下干燥,以得到化合物7。
步骤4:化合物8的合成:
在-10℃下,向化合物3在干燥DCM(1.8ml)中的溶液(1.0mmol)中添加N,N-二异丙基乙胺(2.0mmol),然后在相同温度下,在30分钟内逐滴加入7(1.2mmol),然后在0℃下搅拌反应混合物1小时。反应完成后(TLC监测),蒸发反应混合物和溶剂,将粗制物通过柱净化,以得到化合物8。
步骤5:化合物9的合成:
将化合物8溶解在THF:MeOH:H2O(3:1:1,0.07M)的混合物中,用LiOH.H2O(4当量)处理。在环境温度下搅拌反应并通过TLC监测。完成后,用1N HCl将混合物酸化至pH 2,并用EtOAc(4×)萃取。用MgSO4干燥、过滤并浓缩合并的有机层。残留物用制备性薄层色谱法(4.9%MeOH,95%CH2Cl2,0.1%HOAc)净化,得到最终产品9。
方案2:
步骤1:化合物3的合成:
在RB酸1(1.0mmol)&无水K2CO3(3.0mmol)中悬浮干燥的DMF(10vol),在室温下搅拌2小时,然后冷却至-10℃,将胺的盐酸盐2(1.0mmol)缓慢逐滴加入,然后在室温下搅拌12小时。反应通过TLC监控。反应完成后,将反应混合物倒入水中(10mL),然后用乙醚(2x5ml)萃取。合并的有机层首先用水(2x5mL),然后用盐水(10mL)清洗,用无水Na2SO4干燥,然后减压蒸发。粗制物通过柱层析用100-200目硅胶净化,以获得化合物3。
步骤2:化合物的合成4:
在真空下用热风枪干燥碳酸氢钠(15.6mmol)。用干燥的氩气排空装置,加入CH2Cl2(6mL)和三光气(4.5mmol),然后用冰浴将反应混合物冷却至5-10℃。在2小时的期间内,用注射器和插管将化合物3(6.8mmol)加入经搅拌的悬浮液中。使反应混合物达室温。搅拌3小时后,通过过滤去除形成的氯化钠以及残留的碳酸氢钠,剩余的滤液在减压下浓缩,并在高真空下干燥,以得到化合物4。
步骤3:化合物6的合成:
在-10℃下,向化合物5在干燥DCM(1.8ml)中的溶液(1.0mmol)中添加N,N-二异丙基乙胺(2.0mmol),然后在相同温度下,在30分钟内逐滴加入4(1.2mmol),然后在0℃下搅拌反应混合物1小时。反应完成后(TLC监测),蒸发反应混合物和溶剂,将粗制物通过柱净化,以得到化合物6。
步骤4:化合物7的合成:
将化合物6(8.92mmol)加入圆底烧瓶,然后是CH2Cl2(36mL),并冷却至0℃。加入咪唑(18.04mmol),然后搅拌5分钟。分部分加入TBSCl(8.92mmol),然后连续搅拌30分钟。用20mL水猝冷反应。分离有机层,并用无水Na2SO4干燥。真空中浓缩并通过快速柱层析净化,得到化合物7。
步骤5:化合物9的合成:
在配备有分液漏斗和冷凝器的250ml两颈RB烧瓶中,将3.55g的一甲基富马酸盐8悬浮在40mlDCM中。将该溶液加热至40℃,通过分液漏斗缓慢加入7.8ml亚硫酰氯。该混合物在65℃下回流1小时,蒸馏掉过量的亚硫酰氯,通过分馏收集产品9。
步骤6:化合物10的合成:
在-10℃下,向化合物7在干燥DCM(1.8ml)中的溶液(1.0mmol)中添加N,N-二异丙基乙胺(2.0mmol),然后在相同温度下,在30分钟内逐滴加入9(1.2mmol),然后在0℃下搅拌反应混合物1小时。反应完成后(TLC监测),蒸发反应混合物和溶剂,将粗制物通过柱净化,以得到化合物10。
步骤7:化合物11的合成:
将樟脑磺酸(2.11mmol)加入经搅拌的化合物10(6.42mmol)的25mL二氯甲烷和25mL甲醇的0℃溶液中。1.5小时之后,用饱和的NaHCO3猝冷反应,用二氯甲烷萃取三次,然后用Na2SO4干燥。真空中浓缩并通过快速柱层析净化,得到化合物11。
步骤8:化合物13的合成:
向化合物12(1.0g)中添加SOCl2(10ml),并将反应混合物回流。反应完成后,蒸馏掉过量SOCl2,将粗制酸基氯13用于下一步中,而无需进一步净化。
步骤9:化合物14的合成:
在-10℃下,向化合物11在干燥DCM(1.8ml)中的溶液(1.0mmol)中添加N,N-二异丙基乙胺(2.0mmol),然后在相同温度下,在30分钟内逐滴加入13(1.2mmol),然后在0℃下搅拌反应混合物1小时。反应完成后(TLC监测),蒸发反应混合物和溶剂,将粗制物通过柱净化,以得到最终产品化合物14。
术语“样品”指体液样品,指分离细胞的样品或来自组织或器官的样品。体液的样品能够通过熟知的技术获得,并包括优选地血液样品、血浆、血清或尿液,更优选地,血液样品、血浆或血清。组织或器官样品可以通过例如活组织检查由任何组织或器官获得。分离细胞可以通过分离技术例如离心或细胞分选由体液或由组织或器官获得。
对等物
除了其他事项之外,本公开提供治疗多发性硬化症及其并发症的组合物和方法。在讨论本公开内容的特定实施方案时,上面的说明书是说明性的,而不是限制性的。在此所述的系统和方法的多种变化对于本领域技术人员在阅读本说明书时是显而易见的。所要求保护的系统和方法的完整范围应当参照权利要求、其等价物的全部范围,说明书中以及这样的变化而确定。
结合引用
所有在此提及的出版物和专利,包括上面列出的那些项目,将通过引用将其全部加入本文,如同每个单独的出版物或专利被具体地和单独地通过引用加入本文一样。如有任何争议,以本申请包括在此的任何定义为准。
Claims (8)
1.一种式I的化合物:
或者该化合物的可药用的盐、水合物、多晶型物、溶剂化物、前药、对映异构体或立体异构体;
其中,
R1、R3各自独立地表示–CH3CO-、乙酰基、D、H、CD3CO-、
R2、R4各自独立地表示H、D、
a独立地为2、3或7;
各个b独立地为3、5或6;
e独立地为1、2或6;
c和d各自独立地为H、D、-OH、-OD、C1-C6烷基、-NH2或-COCH3。
2.一种式II的化合物:
或者该化合物可药用的盐、水合物、多晶型物、溶剂化物、前药、对映异构体或立体异构体;
其中:
R1、R3各自独立地表示H、D、
R2、R4各自独立地表示D、CD3CO、
a独立地为2、3或7;
各个b独立地为3、5或6;
e独立地为1、2或6;
c和d各自独立地为H、D、-OH、-OD、C1-C6烷基、-NH2或-COCH3。
3.一种药物组合物,该药物组合物包含权利要求1所述的化合物和可药用的载体。
4.一种药物组合物,该药物组合物包含权利要求2所述的化合物和可药用的载体。
5.根据权利要求3所述的药物组合物,所述药物组合物被配制来通过口服施药、延迟释放或持续释放、透粘膜、糖浆、局部、肠胃外施药、注射、皮下、口服液、直肠施药、颊部施药或经皮施药,以有效量施用给有需要的病人,以治疗潜在的病因。
6.根据权利要求4所述的药物组合物,所述药物组合物被配制来通过口服施药、延迟释放或持续释放、透粘膜、糖浆、局部、肠胃外施药、注射、皮下、口服液、直肠施药、颊部施药或经皮施药,以有效量施用给有需要的病人,以治疗潜在的病因。
7.配制权利要求5的化合物和组合物用于治疗神经退化性疾病和多发性硬化症。
8.配制权利要求6的化合物和组合物用于治疗神经退化性疾病和多发性硬化症。
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- 2013-05-16 JP JP2015513319A patent/JP2015518854A/ja active Pending
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ZA201408062B (en) | 2016-04-28 |
JP2015518854A (ja) | 2015-07-06 |
EP2852569B1 (en) | 2020-10-14 |
WO2013175359A2 (en) | 2013-11-28 |
US20160122291A1 (en) | 2016-05-05 |
WO2013175359A3 (en) | 2014-02-20 |
SG11201407322QA (en) | 2014-12-30 |
EP2852569A2 (en) | 2015-04-01 |
AU2013264896A1 (en) | 2014-11-27 |
CA2873098A1 (en) | 2013-11-28 |
US9580383B2 (en) | 2017-02-28 |
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