CN104582988B - 当检测到碰撞时控制混合动力车辆的控制装置 - Google Patents
当检测到碰撞时控制混合动力车辆的控制装置 Download PDFInfo
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- CN104582988B CN104582988B CN201380043097.8A CN201380043097A CN104582988B CN 104582988 B CN104582988 B CN 104582988B CN 201380043097 A CN201380043097 A CN 201380043097A CN 104582988 B CN104582988 B CN 104582988B
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Classifications
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Abstract
当检测到车辆的碰撞时,在发动机(14)处于驱动状态的情况下,控制装置执行发动机(14)的燃料切断,并且在发动机连接/断开离合器(K0)分离的情况下,接合发动机连接/断开离合器(K0),由此,通过发动机(14)的牵引,增加电动机(MG)的旋转阻力,并且能快速地降低车辆碰撞后的电动机(MG)的转速(Nmg)。因此,能防止通过电动机(MG)的旋转产生电动势,因此可以快速地完成逆变器电路(40)的放电。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及混合动力车辆的控制装置,并且更具体地说,涉及车辆碰撞时的控制。
背景技术
US2010/235029公开了一种在撞击的事件中中断力流(force flux)的方法。
存在可用的混合动力车辆,其包括作为用于行驶的驱动力源的发动机和电动机,以及建立或中断发动机和电动机之间的动力传输路径的离合器。在如上所述包括电动机的车辆中,经逆变器电路,执行在例如电动机和蓄电装置(例如二次电池、蓄电池)之间的电力交换。逆变器电路具有蓄电元件,并且其电压相对高。因此,在车辆碰撞时,为了确保安全,有必要通过放电,快速地降低逆变器电路的高电压。因此,提出了当车辆碰撞时,进一步提高安全性的各种技术。
例如,日本专利申请公开No.2010-178595(JP 2010-178595A)描述了一种构造,其包括:当检测到车辆碰撞时,通过操作不影响车辆的驱动力的第一电气设备,消耗逆变器电路中的平滑电容器的所存储的电力的第一放电单元;以及在通过第一放电单元未完全平滑电容器的放电的情况下,通过在防止生成驱动力的状态下,使用能生成驱动力的第二电气设备,消耗平滑电容器的所存储的电力的第二放电单元。此外,日本专利申请公开No.2006-141158(JP 2006-141158A)描述了一种构造,当检测到车辆碰撞时,中断车辆的动力传输路径,并且在中断动力传输路径后,将平滑电容器的所存储的电力放电。
发明内容
在包括发动机和电动机的车辆中,在车辆碰撞时,有必要执行放电,以便快速地降低逆变器电路的高电压。然而,存在在车辆碰撞时,电动机持续旋转的情形,并且在这些情形下,由电动机的旋转产生电动势,因此,难以快速地降低逆变器电路的电压。
本发明提供一种混合动力车辆的控制装置,其能在包括作为用于行驶的驱动力源的发动机和电动机以及建立或中断发动机和电动机之间的动力传输路径的离合器的车辆中,在车辆碰撞时,快速地完成逆变器电路的放电。
本发明的方面涉及包括发动机、电动机和离合器的混合动力车辆的控制装置。该控制装置包括:碰撞检测器,被配置为检测混合动力车辆的碰撞;以及控制器,被配置为当碰撞检测器检测到碰撞时,在发动机处于驱动状态的情况下,执行发动机的燃料切断。控制器被配置为当碰撞检测器检测到碰撞时,在离合器分离的情况下,接合离合器。该离合器被提供在发动机和电动机之间的动力传输路径中。
在此情况下,当检测到车辆碰撞时,在发动机处于驱动状态的情况下,执行发动机的燃料切断,并且在离合器分离的情况下,执行离合器的接合,由此,通过发动机的牵引,增加电动机的旋转阻力,并且能快速地降低车辆碰撞后的电动机的转速。因此,防止由于电动机的旋转而导致产生电动势,并且可以快速地完成逆变器电路的放电。
在控制装置中,该控制器被配置成当在碰撞后,发动机的转速的变化率为正时,分离离合器。在车辆碰撞后,发动机的转速的变化率为正的情况下,随着时间流逝,发动机的转速增加,并且当离合器接合时,电动机的转速增加,并且花费时间来放电逆变器电路。在这种情况下,通过分离离合器,可以防止电动机的转速增加,由此减小放 电时间。
在该控制装置中,控制器被配置成当在碰撞后,发动机的转速的变化率为负时,并且当在碰撞后,发动机的转速低于电动机的转速时,接合离合器。在这种情况下,通过接合离合器,发动机充当电动机的旋转阻力,电动机的转速快速地降低,并且可以快速地完成逆变器电路的放电。
附图说明
在下文中,将参考附图,描述本发明的示例性实施例的特征、优点和技术及工业重要性,其中,相同的数字表示相同的元件,以及其中:
图1是用于说明构成本发明应用到的混合动力车辆的动力传输路径的示意构造的视图,并且还是用于说明在车辆中提供的控制系统的主要部分的视图;
图2是用于说明图1的电子控制装置的控制功能的主要部分的功能框图;
图3是用于说明电子控制装置的控制操作,即当检测到车辆碰撞时,强制降低电动机的转速以便快速地完成逆变器电路的放电的控制操作的主要部分的流程图;
图4是用于说明作为本发明的另一实施例的电子控制装置的控制操作,即,当检测到车辆碰撞时,强制降低电动机的转速以便快速地完成逆变器电路的放电的控制操作的主要部分的流程图;以及
图5是用于说明作为本发明的又一实施例的电子控制装置的控制操作,即,当检测到车辆碰撞时,强制降低电动机的转速以便快速地完成逆变器电路的放电的控制操作的主要部分的流程图。
具体实施方式
在下文中,将参考图,详细地描述本发明的第一实施例。在下述实施例中,适当地简化或变形附图,并且附图中的各个部分的尺寸和 形状不一定准确。
图1是用于说明构成优选应用本发明的混合动力车辆10(在下文中,称为车辆10)的、从发动机14到驱动轮34的动力传输路径的示意构造的视图,并且还是用于说明用于充当行驶用驱动力源的发动机14的输出控制、自动变速器18的变速控制和电动机MG的驱动控制、在车辆10中提供的控制系统的主要部分的视图。
在图1中,车辆动力传输装置12(在下文中,称为动力传输装置12)包括在变速箱20(在下文中,称为箱20)中,从发动机14侧,按顺序布置的发动机连接/断开离合器K0、电动机MG、变矩器16、油泵22和自动变速器18,箱20是通过栓接等等附接到车体的非旋转构件。此外,动力传输装置12包括连接到作为自动变速器18的输出旋转构件的输出轴24的传动轴26、连接到传动轴26的差动齿轮28,以及连接到差动齿轮28的一对车轴30。以这种方式构成的动力传输装置12优选用在例如前置发动机后轮驱动(FR)车辆10中。在动力传输装置12中,在接合发动机连接/断开离合器K0的情况下,将发动机14的动力经发动机连接/断开离合器K0、变矩器16、自动变速器18、传动轴26、差动齿轮28和车轴对30,从连接发动机14和发动机连接/断开离合器K0的发动机连接轴32,传输到一对驱动轮34。注意,发动机连接/断开离合器K0可以被看作在发动机和电动机之间的动力传输路径中提供的本发明的离合器。
变矩器16是经流体,将输入到泵叶轮16a的驱动力传送到自动变速器18的流体型动力传输装置。泵叶轮16a经发动机连接/断开离合器K0和发动机连接轴32连接到发动机14,并且是输入来自发动机14的驱动力并且绕轴旋转的输入侧旋转元件。变矩器16的涡轮叶轮16b是变矩器16的输出侧旋转元件,并且连接到作为自动变速器18的输入旋转元件的变速器输入轴36,以便通过花键配合等等而不会相对旋转。此外,变矩器16包括锁止离合器38。锁止离合器38是在泵叶轮16a 和涡轮叶轮16b之间提供的直接离合器,并且通过液压控制,使得进入接合状态、滑移状态或分离状态。
电动机MG是所谓的电动发电机,其具有作为由电能产生机械驱动力的电动机的功能和作为由机械能产生电能的发动机的功能。换句话说,电动机MG能充当作为动力源的发动机14的替代,或能与发动机14一起充当产生行驶用驱动力的行驶驱动力源。此外,电动机MG执行通过再生,由发动机14产生的驱动力和从驱动轮34侧输入的被驱动力(机械能),产生电能,并且经逆变器电路40和升压转换器电路41,将电能存储在蓄电池单元42中。电动机MG可操作地连接到泵叶轮16a,并且在电动机MG和泵叶轮16a之间,相互传输动力。因此,与发动机14类似,电动机MG以动力可传输方式,连接到变速器输入轴36。电动机MG经逆变器电路40和升压转换器电路41,连接到蓄电池单元42。
逆变器电路40是包括控制与电动机MG的操作有关的电力的交换的逆变器部44、作为临时存储的电力的蓄电元件的逆变器电容Cinv和与逆变器电容Cinv并联提供的放电电阻器Rinv。逆变器部44包括例如常规开关元件,并且通过来自稍后所述的电子控制装置(控制装置)100的命令,控制开关元件的开关操作,使得能从电动机MG获得所要求的输出转矩或所要求的再生转矩。该逆变器电容Cinv是例如逆变器部44中,平滑蓄电池单元42侧的电压的平滑电容器。
升压转换器电路41包括例如常规开关元件(绝缘栅双极晶体管(IGBT)1、IGBT2)和电抗器L,并且通过来自稍后所述的电子控制装置100的命令,开/关开关元件(IGBT1,IGBT2),来增加或减小电压。
蓄电池单元42包括作为可充电二次电池的、诸如锂离子电池组或金属氢化物镍电池组的蓄电池部46、通过来自电子控制装置100的命 令开路或闭合在逆变器电路40和升压转换器电路41之间的电路径(即,将蓄电池部46连接到逆变器电路40和升压转换器41或从其断开)的系统继电器SR1和SR2和电容器C1。
油泵22连接到泵叶轮16a,并且是生成用于自动变速器18中的变速、控制锁止离合器38的转矩容量、控制发动机连接/断开离合器K0的接合/分离,并且通过被发动机14(或电动机MG)可旋转驱动,将润滑油供应给车辆10的动力传输路径的各个部分的液油压的机械油泵。
发动机连接/断开离合器K0是湿式多盘型液压摩擦接合装置,其中,通过液压致动器,挤压相互堆叠的多个摩擦盘,并且通过将由油泵22生成的液压用作源压力,通过在动力传输装置12中提供的液压控制回路50,对发动机连接/断开离合器K0执行接合/分离控制。在接合/分离控制中,通过液压控制回路50中的线性电磁阀等等,经压力控制,连续地改变发动机连接/分离离合器K0的能传送动力的转矩容量,即,发动机连接/分离离合器K0的接合力。发动机连接/分离离合器K0包括能在分离状态下,相对于彼此旋转的一对离合器旋转构件(离合器毂和离合器鼓)。离合器旋转构件中的一个(离合器毂)连接到发动机连接轴32以便不能相对旋转,而旋转构件的另一个(离合器鼓)连接到变矩器16的泵叶轮16a,以便不能相对旋转。通过上述构造,在接合状态中,发动机连接/断开离合器K0使泵叶轮16a经发动机连接轴32,与发动机14一体旋转。即,在发动机连接/断开离合器K0的接合状态中,将来自发动机14的驱动力输入到泵叶轮16a。另一方面,在发动机连接/断开离合器K0的分离状态中,中断泵叶轮16a和发动机14之间的动力传输。此外,如上所述,由于电动机MG可操作地连接到泵叶轮16a,发动机连接/断开离合器K0充当建立或断开发动机14和电动机MG之间的动力传输路径的离合器。此外,在本实施例的发动机连接/断开离合器K0中,使用所谓常开离合器,其中,转矩容量(接合力)与液压成比例增加,并且当不供应液压时建立分离状态。
自动变速器18在无发动机连接/断开离合器K0干预的情况下以动力可传输方式连接到电动机MG,构成从发动机14到车轮34的动力传输路径的一部分,并且将动力从行驶用驱动力源(发动机14和电动机MG)传送到驱动轮34侧。自动变速器18是充当有极自动变速器的行星齿轮型多级变速器,其通过有选择地接合多个接合设备,例如,液压摩擦接合装置的任何一个,诸如离合器C和制动器B(即液压摩擦接合装置的接合和分离),来执行变速,并且由此有选择地建立多个变速挡(档)。即,自动变速器18是通常用在常规车辆中并且执行所谓的离合器到离合器变速的有级变速,并且改变变速器输入轴36的旋转和从输出轴24输出所改变的旋转。此外,变速器输入轴36也是被变矩器16的涡轮叶轮16b可旋转地驱动的涡轮轴。在自动变速器18中,通过离合器C和制动器B的接合/分离控制,响应驾驶员的加速器操作或车速V,建立特定档位(变速挡)。此外,当分离自动变速器18的离合器C和制动器B两者时,建立空档状态,并且断开在驱动轮34和发动机14与电动机MG之间的动力传输路径。通过此操作,自动变速器18充当建立或中断在发动机14和电动机MG与驱动轮34之间的动力传输路径的连接/断开装置。
参考图1,车辆10包括电子控制装置100,电子控制装置100包括与例如混合动力驱动控制等等有关的控制装置。电子控制装置100由所谓的微处理器构成,包括例如中央处理单元(CPU)、随机存取存储器(RAM)、只读存储器(ROM)和输入/输出接口,并且CPU通过根据在ROM中预存的程序执行信号处理,同时利用RAM的临时存储功能,来执行车辆10的各种控制。例如,电子控制装置100执行发动机14的输出控制、包括电动机MG的再生控制的电动机MG的驱动控制、自动变速器18的变速控制、锁止离合器38的转矩容量控制,以及发动机连接/断开离合器K0的转矩容量控制,并且在根据需要的基础上,被构成为分成用于发动机控制、用于电动机控制或用于液压控制(用于变速控制)的部分。
例如,向电子控制装置100供应:表示作为由发动机转速传感器56检测的发动机14的转速的发动机转速Ne的信号、表示作为由涡轮转速传感器58检测的自动变速器18的输入转速的变矩器16的涡轮转速Nt,即,作为变速器输入轴36的转速的变速器输入转速Nin的信号、表示作为与作为由输出轴转速传感器60检测的车速相关值的车速V(或传动轴26等等的转速)对应的输出轴24的转速的差速器输出转速Nout的信号、表示作为由电动机转速传感器62检测的电动机MG的转速的电动机转速Nmg的信号、表示作为由节流阀传感器64检测的电子节气门(未示出)的开度的节气门开度θth的信号、表示由进气量传感器66检测的发动机14的进气量Qair的信号、表示由加速度传感器68检测的车辆10的纵向加速度G(或纵向减速度G)的信号、表示由冷却水温度传感器70检测的发动机14的冷却水温THw的信号、表示由油温传感器72检测的液压控制回路50中的液压油的油温THoil的信号、表示作为由加速器下压量传感器74检测的驾驶员对车辆10的驱动力要求量(驾驶员要求输出)的加速器踏板76的操作量的加速器下压量Acc的信号、表示作为由脚制动传感器78检测的驾驶员对车辆10的制动力要求量(驾驶员要求减速)的制动踏板80的操作量的制动操作量Brk的信号、表示由换档位置传感器82检测的变速杆84的杆位置(换档操作位置、档位或操作位置)Psh,诸如公知的“P”、“N”、“D”、“R”、“S”位置的信号,以及由蓄电池传感器86检测的蓄电池部46的充电状态(充电容量)SOC的信号。注意,将电力从辅助蓄电池88供给电子控制装置100,利用由未示出的DCDC转换器降低其电压的电力充电辅助蓄电池88。
此外,从电子控制装置100,输出例如用于发动机14的输出控制的发动机输出控制命令信号Se、用于控制电动机MG的操作的电动机控制命令信号Sm、用于操作电磁阀(螺线管阀)等等的液压命令信号Sp,该电磁阀被包括在液压控制回路50中,以便控制发动机连接/断开离合器K0以及自动变速器18的离合器C和制动器B的液压致动器。
图2是用于说明电子控制装置100的控制功能的主要部分的功能框图。在图2中,有级变速控制部102充当执行自动变速器18的变速的变速控制部。有级变速控制部102从预存已知关系(变速线图、变速图),基于由实际车速V和加速器下压量Acc表示的车辆状态,确定是否执行自动变速器18的变速,该预存已知关系将车速V和加速器下压量Acc(或变速器输出转矩Tout)用作变量,具有升档线和降档线。即,有级变速控制部102确定将建立自动变速器18的变速挡,并且执行自动变速器18的自动变速控制,使得获得所确定的变速挡。例如,在响应于通过加速器踏板76的下压操作使加速器下压量Acc增加,加速度下压量Acc(车辆所需转矩)增加超过降档线到达高加速度下压量(高车辆所需转矩)侧的情况下,有级变速控制部102确定产生自动变速器18的降档要求,并且执行对应于降档线的自动变速器18的降档控制。此时,有级变速控制部102将接合和/或分离与自动变速器18的变速有关的接合装置的命令(变速输出命令、液压命令)Sp输出到液压控制回路50,以便根据例如预存的特定操作表,实现变速挡。液压控制回路50操作液压控制回路50中的线性螺线管阀来操作与变速有关的接合装置的液压致动器,使得根据命令Sp,通过例如分离分离侧接合装置(分离侧离合器)并接合该接合侧接合装置(接合侧离合器),执行自动变速器18的变速。
混合动力控制部(控制器)104具有作为控制发动机14的驱动的发动机驱动控制部的功能,和作为控制电动机MG的操作的电动机操作控制部的功能,并且通过使用该控制功能,经发动机14和电动机MG,执行混合动力驱动控制,该电动机MG经逆变器电路40作为驱动力源或发电机。例如,混合动力控制部104由加速器下压量Acc和车速V,计算车辆所需转矩,并且控制行驶用驱动力源,以便考虑传输损失、辅助设备负荷、自动变速器18的变速挡和蓄电池部46的充电容量SOC,实现由其获得所计算的车辆要求转矩的、行驶用驱动力源(发动机14和电动机MG)的输出转矩。
更具体地说,在上述车辆要求转矩在仅通过电动机MG的输出转矩(电动机转矩)Tmg获得车辆要求转矩的范围内的情况下,混合动力控制部104将行驶模式设定成电动机行驶模式(在下文中,电动车辆(EV)行驶模式),并且执行仅将电动机MG用作行驶用驱动力源的电动机行驶(EV行驶)。另一方面,例如,在上述车辆要求转矩在不使用至少发动机14的输出转矩(发动机转矩)Te则未获得该车辆要求转矩的范围中的情况下,混合动力控制部104将行驶模式设定成发动机行驶模式,并且执行将至少发动机14用作行驶用驱动力源的发动机行驶。
注意,车辆要求转矩的例子包括在由发动机侧可旋转地驱动驱动轮34侧的驱动操作时的驱动转矩,以及对应于由驱动轮34侧可旋转地驱动发动机14侧(电动机MG侧)的被驱动操作(driven operation)时的目标减速度G*的制动转矩,即被驱动转矩(driventorque)。因此,车辆要求转矩在驱动操作时为正转矩,而车辆要求转矩在被驱动操作时为负转矩。此外,能将车辆要求转矩转换成作为输出轴24上的转矩的变速器输出转矩Tout、作为变速器输入轴36上的转矩的变速器输入转矩Tat,或作为输入到泵叶轮16a的转矩的动力传输装置12的输入转矩。因此,作为车辆要求转矩,除驱动轮34中的输出转矩外,还可以使用变速器输出转矩Tout、变速器输入转矩Tat和动力传输装置12的输入转矩。此外,作为车辆要求转矩,还可以使用加速度下压量Acc、节气门开度θth和进气量Qair。
在执行EV行驶的情况下,混合动力控制部104分离发动机连接/分离离合器K0来中断发动机14和变矩器16之间的动力传输路径,并且使电动机MG输出电动机行驶所需的电动机转矩Tmg。另一方面,在执行发动机行驶的情况下,混合动力控制部104接合发动机连接/断开离合器K0来将驱动力从发动机14传送到泵叶轮16a,并且使电动机MG在根据需要的基础上,输出辅助转矩。
此外,在例如EV行驶期间,下压加速器踏板76的情况下,由此增加车辆要求转矩,并且对应于车辆要求转矩的EV行驶所需的电动机转矩超出能执行EV行驶的特定EV行驶转矩范围,混合动力控制部104将行驶模式从EV行驶模式切换成发动机行驶模式,并且启动发动机14来执行发动机行驶。当启动发动机14时,混合动力控制部104经发动机连接/断开离合器K0,从电动机MG传输用于启动发动机的发动机启动转矩Tmgs,以可旋转地驱动发动机14,同时接合发动机连接/断开离合器K0,以便实现其完全接合,并且控制发动机点火和燃料供应,同时将发动机转速Ne增加到特定转速或更大,由此,混合动力控制部104启动发动机14。接着,混合动力控制部104在启动发动机14后,快速地完全接合发动机连接/断开离合器K0。
此外,在本实施例的车辆10中,例如,在关闭点火开关的情况下,通过来自电子控制装置100的电源控制命令信号,打开(断开)系统继电器SR1和SR2,中断到逆变器电路40的电力供应。在此情况下,电荷不再存储在逆变器电容Cinv中,因此,通过与逆变器电容Cinv并联提供的放电电阻器Rinv,放电此时已经存储的电荷。
顺便提一下,当车辆碰撞10发生时,与关闭点火开关的情形类似,通过例如放电电阻器Rinv,执行逆变器电路40的放电。替代地,也可以通过操作诸如空调的高压设备48,或短路开关元件IGBT1和IGBT2两者,执行放电。其中,优选在车辆碰撞10时,快速地完成放电。然而,当电动机MG的旋转在碰撞时持续时,产生由电动机MG的旋转导致的电动势,变得难以快速地完成放电。因此,当检测到车辆10碰撞时,期望快速地降低电动机MG的转速Nmg(电动机转速Nmg)来防止由于电动机MG的旋转产生电动势。因此,当检测到车辆10碰撞时,本实施例的电子控制装置100执行强制地降低电动机MG的转速Nmg的控制。在下文中,将描述当车辆10发生碰撞时的控制操作。
回到图2,车辆碰撞检测部(碰撞检测器)106检测车辆10的碰撞。车辆碰撞检测部106基于例如由加速度传感器68检测的减速度G(纵向减速度或横向减速度)达到预定或预存为能由此确定车辆10的碰撞已经发生的减速度G的变化的碰撞确定值,检测车辆10的碰撞。在由车辆碰撞检测部106检测到车辆10的碰撞发生的情况下,放电控制部108将用于断开系统继电器SR1和SR2的电源控制命令信号Sbat输出到蓄电池单元42来使蓄电池部46与逆变器电路40断开。此外,放电控制部108通过操作诸如空调等等的高压设备,或短路开关元件IGBT1和IGBT2两者,执行放电。
当由车辆碰撞检测部106检测到车辆10的碰撞时,在发动机14处于驱动状态的情况下,混合动力控制部104将用于通过停止向发动机14的燃料供应来执行发动机14的燃料切断并切断点火信号的发动机控制命令信号Se输出到发动机输出控制装置,诸如燃料喷射装置和点火装置。注意,在已经执行发动机14的燃料切断的情况下,诸如在电动机行驶等等期间,混合动力控制部104执行控制,使得保持燃料切断。
此外,当由车辆碰撞检测部106检测到车辆10的碰撞时,为了减小电动机MG的电动机转速Nmg,混合动力控制部104将用于通过分离在自动变速器18中提供的离合器C和制动器B,使自动变速器18进入空档状态的命令输出到液压控制回路50。即,中断电动机MG和驱动轮34之间的动力传输路径。在此情况下,在车辆碰撞后,防止电动机MG通过驱动轮34的旋转传输而旋转。注意,在车辆碰撞的时间点,自动变速器18已经处于空档状态的情况下,控制来保持该空档状态。
此外,当由车辆碰撞检测部106检测到车辆10的碰撞时,为了降低电动机MG的电动机转速Nmg,在发动机连接/断开离合器K0处于分离状态的情况下,混合动力控制部104将用于接合发动机连接/断开 离合器K0的命令输出到液压控制回路50。例如,在当车辆在EV行驶模式中行驶时,车辆10碰撞的情况下,由于分离发动机连接/断开离合器K0,接合发动机连接/断开离合器K0。另一方面,在碰撞检测的时间点,已经接合发动机连接/断开离合器K0的情况下,诸如车辆在将发动机14用作驱动力源的发动机行驶模式中行驶的情形,保持发动机连接/断开离合器K0的接合。
通过上述控制,通过发动机14的燃料切断,降低发动机转速Ne,并且通过接合发动机连接/断开离合器K0,使发动机14和电动机MG相互连接,因此,发动机14充当旋转阻力,由此增加电动机MG的旋转阻力,并且快速地降低电动机MG的转速Nmg。因此,防止由电动机MG的旋转产生电动势,并且通过放电电阻器Rinv和放电控制部108的上述放电控制,快速地完成逆变器电路40(逆变器电容Cinv)的放电。
图3是用于说明电子控制装置100的控制操作,即,强制地降低电动机MG的转速以便当检测到车辆10的碰撞时,快速地完成逆变器电路40(逆变器电容Cinv)的放电的控制操作的流程图,并且以例如约几毫秒至几十毫秒的极其短的循环时间重复地执行该控制操作。注意,假定当检测到车辆10的碰撞时,同时操作放电控制部108。
在图3中,首先,在对应于车辆碰撞检测部106的步骤S1(在下文中,省略“步骤”),确定是否检测到车辆10的碰撞。在S1的确定为否定的情况下,结束该例程。另一方面,在S1的确定为肯定的情况下,确定(检测到)车辆10的碰撞发生,并且在对应于混合动力控制部104的S2,执行发动机14的燃料切断(F/C:开),通过分离自动变速器18的接合装置(A/T内部离合器:关),使自动变速器18进入空档状态,并且接合发动机连接/断开离合器K0(K0离合器:开)。在此情况下,使发动机14和电动机MG相互连接,发动机14由此充当阻止电动机MG旋转的旋转阻力,快速地降低电动机转速Nmg,并 且防止电动机MG的旋转产生电动势。因此,通过放电电阻器Rinv和与该流程图的控制操作同时执行的放电控制部108的控制操作,快速地完成逆变器电路40(逆变器电容Cinv)的放电。
如上所述,根据本实施例,当检测到车辆碰撞时,在发动机14处于驱动状态的情况下,执行发动机14的燃料切断,并且在分离发动机连接/断开离合器K0的情况下,执行发动机连接/断开离合器K0的接合,由此,通过发动机14的牵引,增加电动机MG的旋转阻力,能快速地降低车辆碰撞后的电动机MG的转速Nmg。因此,能防止电动机MG的旋转产生电动势,并且可以快速地完成逆变器电路40的放电。
接着,将描述本发明的第二实施例。注意,与上述实施例相同的部分由相同的参考数字表示,并且将省略其描述。
在车辆10的行驶期间,在当发动机14处于高负荷状态或发动机转速Ne增加时,车辆10碰撞的情况下,即使当在车辆碰撞后立即执行发动机14的燃料切断时,也存在不能降低发动机转速Ne,并且由于惯性增加或保持发动机转速Ne的情形。在这些情况下,当接合发动机连接/断开离合器K0时,由于发动机转速Ne高,电动机转速Nmg不降低,产生电动势,并且花费时间来放电逆变器电路(逆变器电容Cinv)。在这种情况下,与上述实施例类似,电子控制装置100执行发动机14的燃料切断,使自动变速器18进入空档状态,并且临时松开发动机连接/断开离合器K0的接合。在此情况下,电动机转速Nmg降低不受发动机连接/断开离合器K0的接合防碍,因此,降低电动机转速Nmg。接着,当降低发动机转速Ne并且使发动机转速Ne降低到低于电动机转速Nmg时,接合发动机连接/断开离合器K0。通过上述控制,在发动机转速Ne低于电动机转速Nmg的状态下,使发动机14和电动机MG相互连接,因此,发动机14充当旋转阻力并且快速地降低电动机转速Nmg。
图4是用于说明本实施例中的电子控制装置100的控制操作的主要部分,即,当检测到车辆10的碰撞时,强制地降低电动机的转速以便快速地完成逆变器电路40的放电的控制操作的流程图。注意,假定当检测到车辆10的碰撞时,同时操作放电控制部108。
在图4中,首先,在对应于车辆碰撞检测部106的S1中,确定是否检测到车辆的碰撞。在S1的确定为否定的情况下,结束该例程。另一方面,在S1的确定为肯定的情况下,在对应于混合动力控制部104的S11中,执行发动机14的燃料切断,并且使自动变速器18进入空档状态。接着,在对应于混合动力控制部104的S12中,确定发动机转速Ne是否处于增加状态,即,发动机转速Ne的变化率为正。在S12的确定为否定的情况下,确定通过使发动机14和电动机MG相互连接,降低电动机转速Nmg,并且在对应于混合动力控制部104的S15中,接合发动机连接/断开离合器K0。在S12的确定为肯定的情况下,确定只要接合发动机连接/断开离合器K0,电动机转速Nmg不降低,并且在对应于混合动力控制部104的S13中,分离发动机连接/断开离合器K0。接着,在对应于混合动力控制部104的S14中,确定发动机14的转速是否降低,并且发动机转速Ne是否低于电动机转速Nmg。在S14的确定为否定的情况下,流程返回到S13,并且保持发动机连接/断开离合器K0的分离。另一方面,在S14的确定为肯定的情况下,确定通过使发动机14和电动机MG相互连接,降低电动机转速Nmg,并且在对应于混合动力控制部104的S15中,接合发动机连接/断开离合器K0。在此情况下,快速地降低电动机转速Nmg,并且防止通过电动机MG的旋转产生电动势,因此,能在快速地完成车辆碰撞后的放电。
如上所述,根据本实施例,在车辆碰撞后,发动机转速Ne的变化率为正的情况下,分离发动机连接/断开离合器K0。在车辆碰撞后,发动机转速Ne的变化率为正的情况下,随着时间流逝,发动机转速Ne增加,并且当接合发动机连接/断开离合器K0时,电动机MG的转速Nmg增加,由电动机MG旋转产生电动势,并且花费时间来放电逆变 器电路40。在这种情况下,通过分离发动机连接/断开离合器K0,可以防止电动机MG的转速增加,由此减少放电时间。
此外,根据本实施例,当降低发动机转速Ne并且发动机转速Ne变为低于电动机MG的电动机转速Nmg时,接合发动机连接/断开离合器K0。在这种情况下,通过接合发动机连接/断开离合器K0,发动机14充当电动机MG的旋转阻力,快速地降低电动机MG的转速Nmg,因此,可以快速地完成逆变器电路40的放电。
接着,将描述本发明的第三实施例。注意,由相同的参考数字表示与上述实施例相同的部分,并且将省略其描述。在当车辆10碰撞时,车速V为低车速的情况下,自动变速器18的变速器输入转速Nin也是低转速。在这种情况下,当电动机MG和驱动轮34相互连接时,驱动轮34侧充当电动机MG的旋转阻力,由此降低电动机转速Nmg。因此,在车速V为低车速的情况下,电子控制装置100(混合动力控制部104)控制还充当有选择地建立或中断在发动机14和电动机MG两者与驱动轮34之间的动力传输路径来使动力传输路径保持在动力传输状态的连接/断开装置的自动变速器18。具体地,当在车辆碰撞时,车速V变得等于或小于预定特定值α时,电子控制装置100(混合动力控制部104)保持自动变速器18的动力传输状态。在此情况下,快速地降低电动机转速Nmg。注意,经验地预定该特定值α,并且将其设定成0附近的低车速值。此外,可以根据碰撞前,自动变速器18的档位(变速挡),改变特定值α。当通过使自动变速器18处于动力传输状态,使电动机转速Nmg下降到对应于车速V的转速时,使自动变速器18进入空档状态,并且通过例如接合发动机连接/断开离合器K0,进一步降低电动机转速Nmg。
图5是用于说明本实施例中的电子控制装置100的控制操作的主要部分,即,当检测到车辆10的碰撞时,强制地降低电动机的转速以便快速地完成逆变器电路40(逆变器电容Cinv)的放电的流程图。注 意,假定当检测到车辆10的碰撞时,同时操作放电控制部108。
在图5中,首先,在对应于车辆碰撞检测部106的S1中,确定是否检测到车辆的碰撞。在S1的确定为否定的情况下,结束该例程。另一方面,在S1的确定为肯定的情况下,在对应于混合动力控制部104的S20中,执行发动机14的燃料切断。接着,在对应于混合动力控制部104的S21中,确定车速V是否等于或小于预定特定值α。在S21的确定为肯定的情况下,在对应于混合动力控制部104的S22中,通过保持自动变速器18的动力传输路径(A/T内部离合器:开),快速地降低电动机转速Nmg。另一方面,在S21的确定为否定的情况下,在对应于混合动力控制部104的S23中,使自动变速器18进入空档状态(A/T内部离合器:开),并且通过接合发动机连接/断开离合器K0,降低电动机转速Nmg。
如上所述,根据本实施例,在车辆碰撞后的车速V等于或小于预定特定值α的情况下,使自动变速器18进入动力可传输状态。在此情况下,在车速V为低速的情况下,通过以动力可传输方式,使电动机MG和驱动轮34相互连接,可以使电动机MG的转速Nmg快速地降低到对应于车速V的转速。
在上述的实施例中,在电动机和驱动轮之间的动力传输路径中,提供有选择地建立或中断动力传输路径的连接/断开装置,并且当检测到车辆碰撞时,断开该动力传输路径。在此情况下,可以防止车辆碰撞后驱动轮的旋转传输妨碍电动机的转速降低。
在上述实施例中,在碰撞后车速等于或小于预定特定值的情况下,接合连接/断开装置。在此情况下,在车速低的情况下,通过以动力可传输方式,连接电动机和驱动轮,可以使电动机的转速快速地降低到对应于该车速的转速。
在上述实施例中,在中断逆变器电路的电力供应的状态下,通过在逆变器电路中提供的放电电阻器和电流控制元件,适当地执行逆变器电路的放电。
尽管迄今基于附图,详细地描述了本发明的实施例,但在其他模式中能适用本发明。
例如,在上述实施例中,尽管相互独立地实现各个实施例,但不总是一定相互独立地实现各个实施例,而是可以适当地组合和实现。
此外,在上述实施例中,尽管在不确保液压路径的状态下,即,在不供应液压的状态下,发动机连接/断开离合器K0使自动变速器18进入空档状态,但也可以采用在不供应液压的状态下,能传输特定值的转矩容量的构造。通过上述构造,即使当由于例如车辆10的碰撞,变得难以供应液压时,发动机14和电动机MG也相互半接合,发动机14充当旋转阻力,并且由此降低电动机转速Nmg。替代地,还能采用为车辆碰撞后,油泵22变得不可操作的情形作准备,提供累积液压的蓄压器或电子油泵的构造。通过上述构造,在车辆碰撞后,也变得可以向发动机连接/断开离合器K0,以及自动变速器18的离合器C和制动器B提供液压。
此外,在上述实施例中,尽管提供通过有选择地接合液压摩擦接合装置的任何一个,诸如离合器C和制动器B执行变速(即,液压摩擦接合装置的接合和分离),并且由此有选择地建立多个变速挡(档位)的有级自动变速器18,但变速器不限于此,例如,还可以适当地使用无级自动变速器。
此外,在上述实施例中,尽管将变矩器16用作流体型动力传输装置,但也不一定要求变矩器16。代替变矩器16,也可以使用其他流体型动力传输装置,诸如不具有转矩放大功能等等的液力耦合器。
此外,在上述实施例中,尽管通过例如放电电阻器Rinv或高压设备48的操作或系统继电器SR1和SR2的短路,执行逆变器电路40的放电,但也可以通过开关在逆变器部44中提供的开关元件,执行其放电。替代地,也可以通过适当地结合放电装置,执行其放电。
另外,尽管上述实施例的每一个描述为在车辆碰撞时执行的控制,但在熄火时,也可以执行同样的控制。通过执行该控制,可以在熄火时,更快速地完成逆变器电容Cinv的放电。
此外,在上述实施例中,尽管基于减速度G达到预定碰撞确定值,检测车辆10的碰撞,但例如,可以在车体的特定位置,提供多个应变传感器,以及可以基于由应变传感器检测的应变达到预定确定值,检测车辆10的碰撞。
注意,上述实施例仅是示例性实施例,可以在基于本领域的技术人员的升压转换器电路,采用各种改进和提高的模式中实现本发明。
Claims (2)
1.一种混合动力车辆的控制装置,所述混合动力车辆包括发动机(14)、电动机(MG)和离合器(K0),所述离合器(K0)被提供在所述发动机(14)和所述电动机(MG)之间的动力传输路径中,所述控制装置的特征在于包括:
碰撞检测器(106),所述碰撞检测器(106)被配置成检测所述混合动力车辆的碰撞;以及
控制器(100),所述控制器(100)被配置成:
(a)当所述碰撞检测器(106)检测到所述碰撞时,在所述发动机(14)处于驱动状态的情况下,执行所述发动机(14)的燃料切断;
(b)当所述碰撞检测器(106)检测到所述碰撞时,在所述离合器(K0)分离的情况下,接合所述离合器(K0);并且
(c)当在所述碰撞后,所述发动机(14)的转速的变化率为正时,分离所述离合器(K0)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的控制装置,其中,
所述控制器(100)被配置成当在所述碰撞后,所述发动机(14)的转速的变化率为负时,并且当在所述碰撞后,所述发动机(14)的转速低于所述电动机(MG)的转速时,接合所述离合器(K0)。
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DE102011006510A1 (de) * | 2011-03-31 | 2012-10-04 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Kraftfahrzeugs, insbesondere Hybridfahrzeugs |
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EP2877361B1 (en) | 2019-08-21 |
WO2014076563A1 (en) | 2014-05-22 |
JP2014100959A (ja) | 2014-06-05 |
CN104582988A (zh) | 2015-04-29 |
US9393957B2 (en) | 2016-07-19 |
EP2877361A1 (en) | 2015-06-03 |
JP5790625B2 (ja) | 2015-10-07 |
US20150217764A1 (en) | 2015-08-06 |
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