CN104542582A - 除草剂的新型制剂 - Google Patents

除草剂的新型制剂 Download PDF

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CN104542582A
CN104542582A CN201410562630.8A CN201410562630A CN104542582A CN 104542582 A CN104542582 A CN 104542582A CN 201410562630 A CN201410562630 A CN 201410562630A CN 104542582 A CN104542582 A CN 104542582A
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J·古泽
M·伯内特
M·赖塞尔
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HICAP FORMULATIONS Ltd
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Abstract

本申请涉及一种除草剂的新型试剂，尤其是一种具有至少20％的甲磺草胺、0～80％的聚合物、和0～10％的佐剂的制剂以及该制剂的制备方法。本申请还涉及一种农业制品，包含本发明的制剂并具有除草剂活性。本发明的制剂可实现延迟释放，并且能够被作物耐受。

Description

除草剂的新型制剂
技术领域
本发明涉及一种除草剂的新型试剂。
背景技术
如果除草剂以如下方式进行配制，则可以制备成对作物更有选择性：即配制为不经由作物的叶快速地进入，而是留存在土壤表面，其中除草剂在土壤表面优先地作用于出现的杂草。该方法与漂白类的除草剂特别相关，漂白类的除草剂包括原卟啉原氧化酶抑制剂，尤其是芳基三嗪酮，例如甲磺草胺。
防止或减缓即刻摄入到叶中的一个方法是将除草剂配制成具有受限或受控的溶解度的颗粒。在某些实例中，希望与其他除草剂一同配制以提升范围，或改善选择性。如此形成的颗粒可以作为常规喷雾体系中的悬浮液或者作为颗粒状物而施用。当作为喷雾而施用时，粒径必须小，即在10μm或更小的范围内，以允许通过喷雾器并使除草剂的浓度更低，即20、40或50％W/W。当配制为颗粒状物时，颗粒可以较大，即直径为100～400μm，并包含更多的除草剂，即40、50、60或65％W/W。当配制为颗粒状物时，颗粒状物可以包括所谓的含有需要缓释的除草剂的亚微颗粒、以及可以含有不需要缓释的除草剂的外层或颗粒基质成分。
当施用至直立的作物、或出土前的作物、或稻谷培植中的稻时，微粒制剂可以防止在相同浓度或比率的游离除草剂中观察到的毒性作用。
甲磺草胺是在农业和非作物领域的很多应用中广泛使用的除草剂。然而，它没有大范围地用在稻、大豆或小麦中。
引用的文献
WO/2011/040956    Burnet等人
US20070149409  6/2007  Burnet等人…………504/360；424/410
EPA文件，EPA-HQ-OPP-2009-0624-0003，(自http://www.regulations.gov/#！documentDetail；D＝EPA-HQ-OPP-2009-0624-0003)
发明内容
我们发现，通过使甲磺草胺与疏水聚合物类乙酸纤维素或乙酸丁酸纤维素混合而获得的制剂，当施用至稻、大豆、油菜或小麦时，出乎意料地被作物所耐受，只要甲磺草胺从适当大小的颗粒到水中的释放的延迟是可测量的。如此，作物较少暴露于活性化合物，而在土壤表面新出土的杂草接受到更高的暴露。在水稻中，微粒制剂的施用导致甲磺草胺主要分布在水稻土壤表面，因而使得除草剂仅限于水下器官可得，并防止局部的浓度峰。除草剂的混合物改善全面的性能。含有甲磺草胺的亚微颗粒与溶液或颗粒状物制剂基质中的另外除草剂的组合是制备该种组合的优选方法。组合可以包括甲磺草胺亚微颗粒与一种、两种或更多种其他除草剂，例如ALS抑制剂或磺酰脲类(例如氟吡嘧磺隆(halosulfuron)、五氟磺草胺(penoxsulam)、imiazolinones、triafamone、propyrisulfuron、或双草醚(bispyribac-sodium))、异噁唑酮(isoxazolidinones)例如异噁草酮(clomazone)、敌稗(propanil)、乙酰辅酶A羧化酶(accase)抑制剂例如噁唑酰草胺(metamifop)或氰氟草酯(cyhalofop-butyl)、氨氟乐灵(prodiamine)、丙草胺(pretilachlor)、嘧啶肟草醚(pyribenzoxim)、禾草丹(thiobencarb)、或敌稗。
亚微颗粒的制备
当亚微颗粒仅含有甲磺草胺或甲磺草胺与另外除草剂的混合物时，它们可以通过各种方式制备，包括甲磺草胺与聚合物(即乙酸丁酸纤维素)在溶剂类二氯甲烷中的溶液，并使得混合物干燥以形成膜，膜可以在之后碾磨到指定的粒径范围。
或者，如果仅包括甲磺草胺，甲磺草胺与乙酸丁酸纤维素的混合物可以通过使化合物在搅动下熔融而制备为均质材料。没有观察到劣化或分解，尽管应用130～180℃的温度。
将十八胺添加至熔融物中导致形成随时间变黑的材料，并导致在升高的温度下不可预测的硬度增加。没有观察到变黑的不利作用。十八胺也可以加入到溶液/膜工序中。
通过熔融或两种化合物的溶液的浓缩将甲磺草胺与酰化纤维素混合。两种化合物以相比于甲磺草胺而改变的释放模式形成均质的、稳定的玻璃相。少量的牛脂胺(tallowamine)可以添加至两种方法中，以改善制剂在较高温度下的稳定性。所需的释放速率可以通过研磨并选择合适大小的颗粒而获得。不想要的颗粒可以通过熔融而回收。或者，产物可以以指定直径(10～400μm)进行挤压，或使用喷雾塔和气旋来喷雾冷却，以回收颗粒。
具体实施方式
实施例1：经熔融制备甲磺草胺的缓释制剂
1)将6.1g市售甲磺草胺(92.4％)和3.72g乙酸丁酸纤维素(Mn＝12000)混合并加热至155℃。将混合物在强力搅拌器和连续的加热下搅拌，直到形成均质透明的溶液(约1h)。使该材料冷却为薄膜，或经氮流喷洒。
2)将24.1g市售甲磺草胺(92.4％)熔融。添加14.6g乙酸丁酸纤维素(Mn＝12000)，并将混合物在强力搅拌器和连续的加热下搅拌，直到形成均质透明的溶液。添加0.79g硬脂酰胺并且继续搅拌和加热，直到形成均质溶液。如实施例1冷却该材料。
3)将13.3g市售甲磺草胺(92.4％)和8.1g乙酸丁酸纤维素(Mn＝12000)彻底混合。将混合物加热至140℃并在强力搅拌器和连续的加热下搅拌，直到形成均质透明的溶液。添加0.44g工艺牛脂胺(NoramSH,CECA)并且继续搅拌和加热，直到形成均质溶液。使该材料冷却。
4)将9.6g市售甲磺草胺(92.4％)、5.78g乙酸纤维素(Mn＝30000)和0.31g工艺牛脂胺(Noram SH,CECA)彻底混合。将混合物在强力搅拌下加热至约155℃，直到形成均质溶液。使该材料冷却。
5)将69g市售甲磺草胺(92.4％)和31g乙酸丁酸纤维素(Mn＝12000)混合并加热至155℃。将混合物在强力搅拌器和连续的加热下搅拌，直到形成均质透明的溶液。使该材料冷却。
6)将69g市售甲磺草胺(92.4％)和31g乙酸丁酸纤维素(Mn＝70000)混合并加热至155℃。将混合物在强力搅拌器和连续的加热下搅拌，直到形成均质透明的溶液。使该材料冷却。
7)将14g市售甲磺草胺(92.4％)和2.5g乙酸丁酸纤维素(Mn＝12000)混合并加热至155℃。将混合物在强力搅拌器和连续的加热下搅拌，直到形成均质透明的溶液。使该材料冷却。
8)将9.2g市售甲磺草胺(92.4％)在140℃熔融，随后使其冷却至室温。
实施例2：制备甲磺草胺的缓释制剂
将20.5g市售甲磺草胺(92.4％)、12.4g乙酸丁酸纤维素(Mn＝12000)和0.68g工艺牛脂胺(Noram SH,CECA)溶于100ml二氯甲烷中。将溶液在通风较好的通风橱里倾倒在平面上并使其干燥过夜。将所得膜转移至54℃的烘箱，并进一步干燥1天。
实施例3：制备亚微颗粒
将80g制剂1b破碎成片，并研碎1s。将该材料过筛并分成0-350μm、350-420μm和大于420μm的尺寸范围。使粗颗粒进行另外的研磨和过筛。
该步骤可以应用于实施例1或2的所有制备。
应理解，对于其它所需的释放特性，可以选择另外的合适大小的颗粒。
实施例4：具有实施例2的膜颗粒状物的除草颗粒状物的制剂
a)将16.8g高岭土和16.8g Sipernat50S(Evonik-Degussa)置于搅混机中。在间歇的混合下逐滴分批添加16.3g工艺异噁草酮(Clomazone)(91.8％)。当添加完所有的异噁草酮时，须注意使材料均质并使其均一分布。
b)将103.4g五氟磺草胺(Penoxsulam)和396.7g高岭土在转筒式搅混机中混合，直到各组分均质且均一分布。
c)将50g Borresperse NA(Borregaard)、10g Supragil WP(Rodia)、25g聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(Sinopharm)、27g实施例4a、20g实施例4b和3.5g实施例2填充到塑料袋中。添加高岭土至1.00kg。将化合物在袋中混合，并填充到转筒式搅混机中，在其中继续混合2h。将混合物转移到带式搅混机并在20min内在混合的同时缓慢添加290g水。开始时逐滴添加，在停止粉化时，每批添加2-3ml。
当混合物均质时，将其转移到造粒机并且制备颗粒状物。将颗粒状物在54℃干燥至水含量小于1.5％。
实施例5：回收太细的材料
将实施例2的细料加热至133℃，直到它们熔融在一起。
实施例6：24h之后甲磺草胺的释放
将与5-10mg甲磺草胺相当量的所选制剂称量到50ml管中，并添加40ml水。将闭合的管小心滚动24h。对溶液取样并分析甲磺草胺。
条目 样品 粒径[μm] 24h之后的释放[％]
a 1a 355-425 1.3
b 1a 100-250 3.1
c 1a <100 9.5
d 1b 355-425 1.5
e 1b 100-250 3.1
f 1c 355-425 1.5
g 1d 355-425 31.4
h 1g 100-250 44
i 1h 355-425 69
j 2 100-250 3.0

Claims (17)

1.一种制剂以及制备所述制剂的方法，所述制剂具有至少20％的甲磺草胺、0～80％的聚合物、和0～10％的佐剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制剂，具有酰化的纤维素作为所述聚合物。
3.根据权利要求2所述的制剂，通过使用相对于所有固体而少于等量的溶剂的方法而制备。
4.根据权利要求2所述的制剂，通过无溶剂的熔融方法而制备。
5.根据权利要求4所述的制剂，具有至少50％的甲磺草胺、最多45％的聚合物、以及0～5％的佐剂。
6.根据权利要求5所述的制剂，所述佐剂是具有至少12个碳原子的非支链的伯胺。
7.根据权利要求6所述的制剂，具有受控的粒径。
8.根据权利要求8所述的制剂，具有至少100μm的粒径。
9.根据权利要求8所述的制剂，具有100～220μm的粒径。
10.根据权利要求8所述的制剂，具有220～355μm的粒径。
11.根据权利要求8所述的制剂，具有355～420μm的粒径。
12.一种农业制品，包含权利要求7所述的制剂并具有除草剂活性。
13.一种农业制品，包含权利要求7所述的制剂并结合有其他除草剂化合物，并具有除草剂活性。
14.根据权利要求13所述的农业制品，仅包含权利要求7所述的制剂和异噁草酮，或者结合有其他除草剂化合物，并具有除草剂活性。
15.根据权利要求14所述的农业制品，包含权利要求7所述的制剂以及异噁草酮和五氟磺草胺。
16.根据权利要求15所述的农业制品，包含0.1～1.2％的甲磺草胺、0.3～1.5％的五氟磺草胺、以及0.5～3％的异噁草酮。
17.根据权利要求6所述的制剂，由55～65份的甲磺草胺、35～40份的乙酸丁酸纤维素、以及0～3％的十八胺构成。
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