CN1045347A - 具有可弹性地伸展的贴身片的一次性使用吸收物件 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种诸如尿布的一次性使用吸收物件,其贴身片是可弹性地伸展的并在较高的伸长率下对穿用者的皮肤施加较低的接触压力。此结构提供一种能伸长以贴合穿用者的身型而不引起不适当的不适或刺激的尿布贴身片。在较高的伸长率下的较低的最终接触压力可通过一种低接触力微差的材料或一种在较短的时间间隔内呈现张力松弛的材料来实现。贴身片可以是一种具有一片弹性体层片与一片非弹性层片的层叠片。本发明亦公开了这种层叠片的制造方法。
Description
本发明涉及一次性使用吸收物件,具体地涉及具有一个可弹性地伸展的贴身片的一次性使用的吸收物件。
诸如尿布这样的一次性使用的吸收物件常常使用可弹性地伸展的构件。例如,在1975年1月14日颁给布埃尔的美国专利3,860,003介绍了一种整体一次性使用尿布的可弹性地收缩的边部。尽管现有技术谈论到可弹性地伸展的构件的几个特性,但是这个现有技术并没有介绍怎样来构成这样的构件和怎样使它们的特性适合于让穿用者得到最佳的舒适感,特别是怎样来在一个宽的穿用者尺码范围内保持着这个最佳化。
有多个参考文件论及一个尿布里的组成件的弹性模量。例如,在1982年6月8日颁给品恩尼厄克的美国专利4,333,782介绍了一种加入到尿布的边缘里的并具有一个小于每平方英寸2,000磅、最好是从每平方英寸75磅到400磅的弹性模量的弹性薄片带。在1984年5月22日颁给品恩尼厄克等人的美国专利4,450,026介绍了一种加入到尿布的边缘的并具有一个从每平方英寸20磅到200磅的弹性模量的弹性薄片带。
现有技术的有关一次性使用吸收物件的其它参考文件披露了对可弹性地伸展的构件的各种特性的介绍。例如,在1988年1月9日颁给范德威伦等人的美国专利4,720,415介绍了一种复合弹性材料,这种材料可以拉伸伸长至少25%的松弛长度,并且在卸去拉伸力后复原至少45%伸长量。在1988年3月15日颁给科尔普曼的美国专利4,731,066介绍了一种具有一个最好可伸展50到100%的并且是弹性模量较低的贴里的一次性使用尿布。
但是,所介绍的现有技术没有一个提供本发明的好处,特别是一种具有一个其材料特性适合于让穿用者得到最佳的舒适感的可弹性地伸展的贴身片的一次性使用的吸收物件。一件可弹性地伸展贴身片的影响穿用者舒适感的一个特别特性是在该一次性使用物件在使用时该贴身片施加到穿用者身上的接触压力。
因此,本发明的一个目的是要利用一次性使用吸收物件的贴身片来给穿用者提供舒适感并将在穿用者皮肤上形成红印的现象减到最低。本发明的另一个目的是要提供一种具有一件可弹性地伸展的贴身片的一次性使用吸收物件,该贴身片在每公分宽度约800克(每英寸4.5磅)的力的作用下伸长约50%到约350%而不发生破裂。
本发明含有一个具有一件不透液的背衬片和一件在周缘上至少部分地接合到背衬片上的透液的贴身片的一次性使用吸收物件。一个吸收芯子放置在贴身片与背衬片之间。贴身片在至少一个方向上是可弹性地伸展的,在一个每公分宽度约800克(每英寸4.5磅)的张力负荷下,最好伸长约50%到约350%而不发生破裂。
在一个实施例中,贴身片可具有一个每公分的贴身片的弹性部分的累积宽度小于约9克的微差力。在一个第二实施例中,当贴身片被拉长约50%至约350%时,贴身片在一个至少约22℃的温度下在10分钟后呈现一个每公分宽度小于约800克的接触力,即,在整个这个伸长范围内,接触力小于每公分宽度约800克。
尽管本文件的权利要求书具体地并清楚地提出本发明要求保护的范围,但是相信从以下的、结合本说明书的附图可以更好地理解本发明。在附图中,同样的部分用相同的标号标示,类同的或相似的部分的标号加上撇号。
图1是本发明的一个穿好在一个穿用者身上的一次性使用尿布的透视图,示出芯子与背衬片部分切开;
图2是图1所示的尿布没有弹性收缩时的顶视展平图,示出贴身片与芯子部分切开;
图3是沿图2的3-3线切取的图1与图2的尿布的局部垂直剖视图;
图4是用来制造本发明的贴身片的设备的示意侧视图;
图5是具有一个通道以让固体排泄物流通并含有一片本发明的贴身片的尿布的第二实施例的顶视展平图;
图6是穿好在一个穿用者身上的图5的尿布的垂直剖视图。
参看图1,示出一个用来穿在人体下躯干上的一次性使用吸收物件10。这里所用的术语“一次性使用吸收物件”是指一种收集或容纳人体排泄物并在一次使用后抛弃而不再洗濯或保存的衣着。一个“一次性使用尿布”是指一种给婴儿或失禁病人穿用的、在两腿之间穿过的并包围着穿用者腰部系固住的特定的一次性使用物件。
一个优选的尿布10包含有一片透液的贴身片12、一片不透液的背衬片16和一个放置在贴身片12与背衬片16之间的吸收芯子18。贴身片12与背衬片16要在周缘上至少部分地接合以保证芯子18保持在所要求的位置上。
如图2所示,一般来说,贴身片12与背衬片16界定尿布10的周缘。周缘是尿布10的外周边与最大的范围。周缘含有一个第一端部22、一个第二端部24和纵向边缘部分50。
尿布10具有一个第一腰部42与一个第二腰部44,分别从尿布周缘的第一端部22与第二端部24朝向尿布10的侧向中心伸展一个约为尿布10纵向长度的1/5至1/3的距离。这里所用的尿布10的纵向尺寸是尿布10在穿用时相对于穿用者前后对准并平行于纵轴线A-A的尺寸。腰部42与44含有尿布10在穿用时围绕着穿用者的腰部并当穿用者处在站立姿态时基本上位于尿布10的最上位置的那些部分。尿布10的裆部46是尿布的放置在第一与第二腰部42与44之间并在穿用时放在穿用者两腿之间的那部分。
一次性使用尿布10还可以包含有弹性件19和用来将尿布10包围着穿用者腰部系固住的系固装置20。弹性件19沿着两个纵向边缘部分50接合到尿布10上,使弹性件19将尿布10贴靠在穿用者的腿上。系固装置20在尿布10被穿上时将尿布10的腰部42与44维持住搭接结构。这个结构形式将尿布10贴合到穿用者身上并形成一个侧面封合。尿布10的组成件可以装配成熟悉本领域技术的人们所熟知的各种结构形式,于1975年1月14日颁给布埃尔的美国专利3,860,003概括地描述了一种优选结构,为了披露了一个熟知并优选的尿布10的结构,将该专利通过引证结合到本申请中。
参看图2,并更详细地观察尿布10的组成件,尿布10的贴身片12与背衬片16一般是一起扩展的并如上所述地在周缘上至少部分地接合在一起。这里所用的术语“接合”是指将一个第一构件或组成件直接地固定到或连接到一个第二构件或组成件上、或间接地将第一构件或组成件固定到或连接到一个中间构件或组成件上然后将此组合件固定到或连接到第二构件或组成件的状况。这个第一构件或组成件跟第二构件或组成件的结合是要在这个物件的整个使用寿命内维持住的。在整个吸收芯子18上贴身片12与背衬片16接合起来。一种具有一个每平方米约16克(每3000平方英尺10磅)的织物单位重量和在一个13mm(0.5英寸)水柱的压差下具有一个每分每平方米约30立方米(每分每平方英尺100立方英尺)的空气透气率的织物层是适用的。
吸收芯子18可以采取各式各样的尺寸与诸如长方形或如图所示的砂漏形的各式各样的形状。吸收芯子18可以用多种常用的、诸如典型地称为空气毡(airfelt)的磨碎木浆这样的材料来制造。如有需要,吸收芯子18还可以含有本领域常用的吸收性胶凝材料。
吸收芯子18铺放在背衬片16上并最好通过本领域熟知的任何方法、诸如粘结剂粘合方法来接合到背衬片上。在一个特别推荐的实施例中,粘结剂粘合是通过将芯子18接合到背衬片16上的纵向走向的粘结带31来实现的。
背衬片16是不透诸如尿液这样的液体的,并防止吸收在并容纳在吸收芯子18内的液体弄湿内衣、衣服、床单与其它接触尿布10的物体。这里所用的术语“背衬片”是指当尿布被穿上并在尿布10内含有被吸收的液体时放置在芯子18外面的任何隔挡层。背衬片最好是一种厚度从约0.01至约0.051mm(0.0005至0.002英寸)的聚烯烃薄膜。特别推荐一种聚乙烯薄膜,由俄亥俄州的辛辛纳提市的克罗披公司生产的、以标号P18-850薄膜销售的薄膜是适用的。如有需要,背衬片16可进行压纹或消光整理以呈现一种类布的外表,或者设有通道以让水汽外逸。
弹性件19跟尿布10的纵向边缘部分50与裆部46工作地结合在一起成弹性地收缩状态,因此在正常不受应力形态下,单性件19收拢或收紧纵向边缘部份50。这里所用的术语“跟…工作地结合在一起”是指在一起起作用的两个或多个分立的或单个的组成件。前面引证过的美国专利3,860,003详细地描述了一种装有弹性件的特别推荐的尿布结构。在1978年3月28日颁给布埃尔的美国专利4,081,301描述了一种适于制造一种具有带弹性件19的腿带的一次性使用尿布的方法与设备,这个专利通过引证结合到本申请内以说明这样一种尿布是如何制造的。
在一个图1与图2的优选实施例中,弹性件19是跟尿布10的纵向边缘部分50与裆部46结合在一起的。弹性件19接合到纵向边缘部分50上,特别是接合到背衬片16上,使纵向边缘部分50收缩。弹性件19可以至少以两种方式接合到背衬片16的一部分上。弹性件19可以在拉张状态下接合到未经收缩的纵向边缘部分50上。另一方案是,可以将背衬片的纵向边缘部分收缩(例如通过打褶)并将未经伸展的弹性件19接合到经收缩的纵向边缘部分50上。
弹性件19可以用各种结合构形,用粘接剂、用超声焊接或用加热加压封接的方法接合到背衬片上。弹性件最好是用粘结剂接合在背衬片16的纵向边缘部分50上。如果用粘结剂接合,粘结剂应是柔软的并提供足够的附着力以将每个弹性件19在拉张状态下贴附在背衬片16上。一种提供满意使用效果的粘结剂是由威斯康星州的沃瓦托萨市的芬德里粘结剂公司生产的并以商品名芬德里581-334-01销售的粘结剂。
适用的弹性件19可以用诸如天然橡胶、克拉顿(Kraton)、乙烯-丙烯共聚物、聚氨酯等的弹性体材料,弹性体泡沫,成型弹性稀松织物或热缩性材料来制造。弹性件19可以是单根的弹性材料或是多股平行的或非平行的弹性材料,并且可以是直线的或曲线的。
每个弹性件19最好在比自由长度伸长约100%的时候产生一个约100克的拉力。一种用作弹性件19很好用的材料是具有一个约0.18mm×约0.64mm(0.007英寸×0.025英寸)的截面并用天然橡胶制成的弹性带。一种用作弹性件19的适用材料由东汉普敦橡胶线公司以商品名L-1900橡胶制品出售。
如前所述,尿布10最好配有系固装置20,它包含有系固件20a和一个与之互补的承受表面20b以使第一腰部42与第二腰部44在尿布10被穿上时维持一个搭接结构。这结构将尿布10固定到穿用者身上。
系固件20a与承受表面20b应相互作用以抗衡在尿布10被穿上时发生的分离力。这里所用的术语“分离力”是指作用到系固装置20上以导致系固件20a从承受表面20b分离、脱开或移开的力。分离力包括剪力与剥离力。术语“剪力”指的是基本上切向作用于系固件20a与承受表面20b的平面并可被看作是基本上平行于系固装置20的平面的分布力。术语“剥离力”是指在尿布10被穿上时沿离开穿用者的方向作用的并可被看作是具有一个垂直于系固装置20的平面的分力的分布力。
分离力典型地是由于穿用者的活动或由于穿用者企图解开尿布10时产生的。通常,一个婴儿应不能够解开或脱掉他所穿上的尿布10,尿布10也不应当由于存在正常穿用时间发生的普通分离力而被打开。但是,一个成人应当能够在弄脏了的时候打开尿布10来更换或把它打开来看看是否已弄脏。一般来说,系固件20a与承受表面20b最好应能经受得住一个至少约200克的剥离力,能经受至少约500克更好,能经受至少约700克则是最佳。系固件20a与承受表面20b最好应能经受得住一个至少约500克的剪力,能经受至少约750克更好,能经受至少约1000克则是最佳。
承受表面20b可以设置在尿布10的任何地方的一个第一位置上,只要该承受表面20b跟系固件20a接合以使第一与第二腰部42与44维持一个搭接结构就行。例如,承受表面20b可以设置在第二腰部44的外表面上、在第一腰部42的内表面上、或在尿布10的任何能够使承受表面20b跟系固件20a接合的其它位置上。承受表面20b可以是整体的,或作为一个分立件接合到尿布10或是尿布10的一个部分、诸如贴身片12或背衬片16上。
适用的系固装置20包括粘结带与可再系固的机械系固件20a。如选用粘结带系固装置20,优选的结构具有一个大致上呈Y形的截面,如示出在1974年11月19日颁给布埃尔的美国专利3,848,594中的那种,这个专利通过引证结合到本申请内以示出一个适用的粘结带系固件20a。如选用可再系固的机械系固装置20,优选的结构示出在1987年11月18日以斯克利浦名义提出的、公开在N87期上的美国专利申请07/132,281中,此专利申请通过引证结合到本申请内以描述一个特别推荐的可再系固的机械系固装置20。
贴身片12最好是柔顺贴身、触感舒服,并且不刺激穿用者的皮肤。贴身片12防止吸收芯子18与在其内的液体跟穿用者的皮肤接触。贴身片12是透液的,允许液体,特别是尿迅速穿过。这里所用的术语“贴身片”是指在尿布10被穿上时跟穿用者的皮肤接触并防止芯子18跟穿用者的皮肤有实质性接触的任何透液的贴里(facing)。如果贴身片12具有Edana试验150.0-84所述的约小于8秒或最好约小于3秒的液体穿透时间,它就被认为是透液的。
如图3所示,贴身片12可以由具有至少两个层片13a与13b的层叠片13制成。层片13b朝向穿用者,并可以由织造的、非织造的、纺粘的或机梳的材料制成。优选的贴身片层片是机梳的并用非织造织物领域熟知的热粘合方法结合在一起。一种特别推荐的贴身片层片13b具有一个每平方米约4克到25克的重量、沿机器方向每公分约87克的最小乾抗拉强度、和横向于机器方向的每公分至少约8克的湿抗拉强度。层片13a朝向吸收芯子18并在规定的伸长范围内控制最终接触压力。
回头来看图2,贴身片12可以用本领域熟知的任何适用的方式沿周缘地接合到背衬片16上。尽管任何将贴身片12沿周缘至少部分地接合到背衬片16而足以防止该结构分裂开的实施例都满足了要求,但是贴身片12最好沿周缘连续不断地接合到背衬片16上。在一个优选的实施例中,多条最好是热熔性粘性物质的纵向粘性物质31基本上平行于尿布10的纵轴线A-A地敷布到背衬片16上。纵向粘结带31在视这些纵向粘结带31之间的间距和贴身片12与背衬片16伸越吸收芯子18的距离而定的部位上将贴身片12接合到背衬片16上。应有足够的粘结剂来将贴身片12在位于吸收芯子18外面的周缘边缘区域内牢固地接合到背衬片16上。一种适用的热熔性粘结剂是由田纳西州的京士波特市的伊斯特曼化学产品公司生产的、并以商品名Eastobond A-3销售。
根据本发明的一个方面,贴身片12在至少一个方向上是可以弹性地伸展的。这里所用的术语“可弹性地伸展的”的意思是能够从自由长度伸长约50%,维持约15秒,并在去掉使它伸长的力约5分钟后恢复到一个比自由长度长出不超过约10%的长度。尽管贴身片的全部或一部分可以在多过一个方向上、或在一个基本上跟纵轴线A-A成直角的方向上可弹性地伸展,但是通常贴身片12的层叠片13可以弹性地伸展的主伸长轴线是大致平行于纵轴线A-A的。
本发明的贴身片12最好能够弹性地伸长到至少约350%而不发生破裂,能伸长到至少约450%不破裂更好,虽然具有一个诸如50%到100%的不发生破裂的较低的伸长率的贴身片12已适用。这里所用的术语“破裂”是指撕裂、裂开、或断开成二段或多段。这个特性使贴身片能适应穿用者身体的形状并使之能够跟使用者的皮肤保持紧贴接触。而且,有较高伸展性能的贴身片12能够舒服地适应比较大的穿用者尺码范围。
为了防止贴身片12在包围着穿用者身体来扩展时产生过大的力,贴身片12在伸长约50%到约350%的情况下具有一个每公分宽度小于约800克(每英寸4.5磅)的接触力。这里所用的术语“接触力”是指当一个一公分宽的贴身片12的样件在一个拉力机中、在下述的特定伸长范围内被拉伸时在拉力机中取得的最高读数。这里所用的术语“伸长”是指从自由长度算起的长度变化。例如伸长100%的样件的长度是样件原有自由长度的两倍。
贴身片12最好在伸长约50%到约350%时具有一个每公分宽度小于约800克(每英寸4.5磅)的接触力,更好是当伸长约100%到约300%时有一个每公分宽度小于约400克(每英寸2.25磅)的接触力。这里所用的术语“每公分宽度的克数”是指当样件如下述地试验时从拉力机取得的以克计的最高读数跟样件宽度之比;如果样件是正交各向异性的或是各向异性的,夹持长度是平行于伸长主轴线来测取的。
贴身片12的样件的宽度是1公分。如果贴身片12具有非弹性区,就要选用一个具有1公分累积宽度的弹性区的样品。很明显,如果选用一个其弹性区的累积宽度不是1公分,拉力加载就要按1公分累积弹性样件宽度来校正。
接触力可以用一个由马萨诸塞州的坎顿市的因斯特朗公司生产的Instron 1122型拉力机来测量,这个拉力机采用恒定伸长速度,拉头的分开速度约为每分钟50.8公分(每分钟20英寸)。选用一个具有一个垂直于贴身片12的主伸长轴线取的宽度为1公分的任何方便的夹持长度的样件。
该样品放置在拉力机内并进行拉伸,直至取得约800克的读数。然后记下在这个负载下的总的伸长。一个1公分宽的样品从本发明的具有一个较低的接触力微差的贴身片12上取出。一种推荐的贴身片12具有一个低于每平方米约7030公斤(每平方英寸10磅)的接触力微差,一种特别推荐的贴身片12具有一个低于每平方米约3520公斤(每平方英寸5磅)的接触力微差。这里所用的“接触力微差”是由方程式:E=(F/A)/(△L/Lo)界定的,其中E是在张力下的杨氏弹性模量,在这里称为“接触力微差”;F是施加的拉长力,单位为公斤;A是样件拉长前的截面面积,单位为平方米;△L是从自由长度算起的伸长变化,单位是米或任何其它方便的单位;Lo是样件的原始夹持长度,单位是米或任何其它方便的单位,要跟△L的单位一样。面积A是样件的宽度与厚度的乘积,如果样件表面是不规则的,或者厚度是很难测量的,那面积就从样件的质量与密度回算出来。原始长度与长度的变化用公知技术与仪器很容易就测出来。接触力微差可以视作是在研究中的伸长范围内的应力-应变曲线的斜度。
每50%伸长增量的微差力可以按以下方法来确定。贴身片12的样件如上所述地放入一个拉力机内加载。样件在拉力下被拉伸,直到夹持长度增长了约50%,将拉力机上以克计的读数记录下来,并除以贴身片12的未伸展前的原来的累积宽度。这步计算得出一个第一力,单位为克/公分。将样件进一步在拉力下拉伸,直到比自由长度伸长100%。再将拉力机上以克计的读数记下并除以贴身片12的未伸展前的原来的累积宽度。这步计算得出一个第二力,单位为克/公分。从第二力减去第一力,得出一个每50%伸长增量的“微差力”,单位为克/公分。按每50%增量重复这个程序,直到层叠片13的任一层片13a、13b或13c达到完全伸展长度或达到350%伸长时为止。
所有拉力的读数最好应在达到了所要求的伸长量后的约5秒以内记取。可以采用长条纸记录仪来有利地记取该样品到达所要求的伸长量时在拉力机上出现的读数。
本发明的贴身片12可有一个每公分贴身片12累积弹性宽度小于约9克的每50%伸长率的微差力,小于约6克更好。
此外,上面提到的在规定的伸长范围内的最终接触压力可以通过贴身片12的应力松弛来取得。这里所用的术语“应力松弛”是指在一个样件被从其自由长度拉长时随着时间发生的应力和与之相联的收缩或复原力的消散与衰减。应力松弛可以通过加热来增强,或是可以通过将贴身片12伸长到引起分子结构发生滑动的范围内来产生。希望应力松弛在从贴身片12的起始伸长起一段比较短的时间后出现,使穿用者不会在一段不适当长的时间内有由贴身片12的高的收缩力所引起的不舒服感觉。一种在伸长约50%到约350%的范围时、在至少约22℃的温度下、在一段至少约10分钟后显示一个按上述方法测出的、每公分宽度小于约800克(每英寸4.5磅)的接触力的贴身片12是适用的。这个接触力最好在整个伸长范围内每公分宽度小于约800克,小于400克(每英寸2.25磅)更好。
回头来看图3,一片适用于本发明的贴身片12是一片具有两个层片13a与13b的层叠片13。第一层片13a是可弹性地伸展的,朝向芯子18,面对面地跟一片朝向穿用者的相对来说不可伸展的第二层片13b接合。
第一层片13a最好是弹性体的,是一种弹性体的粘性物质更好。一种压敏的弹性体粘性物质特别推荐用来作第一层片13a,使它很容易地接合到第二层片13b上以形成一个整体的层叠片13。选作第一层片13a的粘性物质也应当能够在一个或多个主要方向上伸长约50%到约350%而不破裂、在拉长时不会出现过大的颈缩或变薄、在循环变化时不会出现过多的滞变或分层。在规定的伸长范围内,层片13a的接触力微差基本上控制着层叠片13的接触力微差,由于第二层片13b通常是相对地不可伸展的。第一层片13a可以在贴身片12承接尿液的区域内去掉以保证贴身片12透液。
第二层片13b可以是任何一种柔软的非织造织物、多孔性的成形薄膜,或在本领域内用作贴身片12的任何一种常用材料。一种优选的第二层片13b是一种具有每平方公尺约4.2克到约25克(每平方码5到30克)织物单位重量的聚烯烃非织造织物。一种特别推荐的第二层片是用聚丙烯制成的,并由马萨诸塞州的瓦尔波尔的维拉塔克公司生产并以Grade 149048为名出售的。
层叠片13的第一层片13a在第一层片13a跟第二层片13b接合前进行预拉伸。如前所述,在层片13a预拉伸后,第一层片13a的压敏粘结特性就提供给第一层片13a跟第二层片13b连续不断的面对面接合。卸去导致第一层片13a预拉伸的力,所得出的层叠片13沿预拉伸方向收拢或收缩。所得出的层叠片13将可弹性地伸展到第一层片13a的预拉伸的限度。如果层叠片13拉长超出第一层片13a预拉伸的量,就会超出相对地不可伸展的第二层片13b的自由长度。如果这样的情况出现,接触压力将会急剧地上升而没有明显的进一步伸长,多半会出现破裂。因此,第一层片13a应如上所述地至少预拉伸到规定的伸长限度,以排除层叠片13的高的最终接触压力和破裂。在破裂后,第一层片13a的弹性特性将控制进一步的伸长。
如果第一层片13a在两个主方向进行预拉伸,所得出的层叠片13将 沿该两个方向跟沿每个主方向预拉伸的大小成比例地收缩。但是,只是纵向可伸展的层叠片13发现用来做贴身片12已经很好用。所得出的层叠片13至少在达到第二层片13b的自由长度以前是可弹性地伸展而不会破裂的。
如第一层片13a含热熔性粘性物质,第一层片13a的热熔性粘性物质应具有一个在约176℃的温度下为约9,000到45,000厘泊的粘度,按ASTM标准D 3236-73测出。由威斯康星州的沃瓦托萨市的芬德里粘结剂公司以商品名198-338销售的压敏弹性体粘性物质发现特别适合于这个用途。
参看图4,本发明的贴身片12的层叠片13可以在图示的设备110上生产出来。设备110包含用于层片13a与13b的分立线111a与111b。用于第一层片13a的第一线111a包含有一个用来贮存热熔性粘性材料的粘性材料槽112、一个用来输送该粘性物质的泵114、一个挤出头116和一个用于成形第一层片13a料带的骤冷滚筒118。第二层片13b在第二线111b上成形并从一个放料滚筒126上放出,通过绷伸辊组128,并在必要时通过一个引导装置13。结合滚筒124将汇合的层片13a与13b接合成一种成一体的层叠片13。
进一步仔细参看图4,设备110包含有将至少两种层片13a与13b面对面地接合在一起的装置。第一层片13a是由容放在粘性物质槽112内的热熔性粘性物质供料制成的。粘性物质槽112被加热以将第一层片13a的热熔性粘性物质维持在一个约170至约180℃的温度下。该粘性物质槽被连接到一个设计来将粘性物质从加热的粘性物质槽112抽出而不给粘性物质带来过大的切变的泵114。一种配量齿轮泵114发现适用于这个用途。粘性物质最好在粘性物质槽112内不在重复循环,以防止有过大的切变加于层片13a的材料上。过大的切变会引起材料分子的破坏,导致材料的接触压力变低。
配量齿轮泵114供应带压力的粘性物质到挤出头116。挤出头116有一条缝槽,第一层片13a的熔融弹性粘性物质通过此缝槽挤出以在骤冷滚筒上形成一片厚度为约0.03到约1.0mm(0.001到0.04英寸)而宽度可随意的薄的膜片。一种每平方米约8.4克的第一层片13a是适用的。一个熟悉本领域技术的人会很清楚,增大弹性体层片13a的厚度将使贴身片12的层叠片13的最终接触压力成比例地增大。
骤冷滚筒118将挤出的第一层片13a的粘性物质冷却成层叠片13的一条适于进一步加工的料带。第一层片13a料带用一个刮刀片120从骤冷滚筒上分离出来。如有必要,可采用一个第二滚筒(未示出)跟骤冷滚筒118结合来提供外加的冷却和一个用来压缩该第一层片13a料带的辊隙。
第一层片13a然后被拉过一个形成在张力调节辊122之间的辊隙。张力调节辊122确定了从骤冷滚筒118来的第一层片13a的合适的引出速度,并且还保证了第一层片13a正确地进入结合滚筒124。
第二导片13b从放料滚筒126取出,并最好以S形抱辊方式通过绷伸辊组128以确定合适的绷伸程度,并防止第二层片13b发生皱褶或堆聚。如有需要,一个本领域熟知并常用的引导装置130可以用来将第二层片13b的料带最佳地调整并导入结合滚筒124。一种由俄克拉何马州俄克拉何马市的费夫公司生产的并以OP6 LRA型费夫导引装置来出售的引导装置发现是好用的。
层片13a与13b基本上是平行于层叠片13在穿过结合滚筒124时的运动方向来进入结合滚筒124的。
在层叠片13离开结合滚筒124的辊隙以后,第一层片13a的外面可以通过本领域熟知的封闭(blocking)方法来进行钝化,使第一层片13a的粘性物质不会由于层片13a的粘性物质的压敏性质而粘附到其它材料上。封闭是通过粘性物质钝化装置132将一种树脂的粉末敷布到层片13a的外露面上来实现。合用的树酯粉末包括有滑石粉、聚烯烃粉末,最好是一种跟用作第二层片13b的树酯同样的树酯。如有必要,粘性物质钝化装置132可以在第一层片13a进入结合滚筒124的辊隙以前将粉末敷布到第一层片13a的外露面上。
如有必要,可在骤冷滚筒118与结合滚筒124之间设一个施转刀具(未示出)以有选择地除去第一层片13a的一些部分,但切不到第二层片13b,以使贴身片成为透液的。旋转刀具可加冷却以有助于防止切刃给熔融粘性物质粘封住。任何型式的、在贴身片12的承接尿液的区域内去掉第一层片13a的工具都适用。
如果想在贴身片12上设一个透液区而不使用旋转刀具,可以设两个横向对准的挤出头116,使在其间产生一个没有第一层片13a的区域。这种结构产生一种具有两个沿机器方向取向的、每个具有两个层片13a与13b的外侧区,和一个只有第二层片13b的、透液的、沿机器方向的在当中的区域。
如有必要,可以外加一片第二层片(未示出)面对面地跟压敏粘性物质第一层片13a的外向外露面接合。这可以通过在第一层片13a的相对面的部位设置一套跟原第二层片13b所用的同样的放料滚筒和与其联系的绷伸与引导装置来实现。所得出的层叠片具有三片层片,在当中的层片13a是压敏弹性体的粘性物质,外侧层片是相对地不可伸展的基体材料。如有必要,外侧层片可以是其中之一是或两个都是可弹性地伸展的。外侧两层片可以按要求用同样的材料或不同的材料来制造。熟悉本领域的人很清楚,如果在图4的设备110上使用两个外侧层片,在结合滚筒124的前面就不应当设置粘性物质钝化装置132。
图5示出本发明的另一个实施例-一个具有贴身片12′的尿布10′。如上所述,这个另一个实施例尿布10′具有一个可弹性地伸展的贴身片12′、一个背衬片16′和一个放置在贴身片12′与背衬片16′之间的长方形吸收芯子18′。尿布10′还具有上面所述的系固装置20′和纵向边缘部分50′。尿布10′还包含有一个带在贴身片12′上的通道21′,这通道21′让排泄物、具体包括但不限于固体粪便通过贴身片12′。这里所用的“通道”是指任何足以让粪便没有显著阻碍地通过贴身片12′的开口。
在一个优选的实施例中,通道21′以一个开孔的形式出现。这里所用的术语“开孔”包括但不限于孔、缝、与它们的组合。开孔最好是一个具有双面圆弧的长圆孔。如有必要,开孔21′的边缘可以热封接以防止发生分层。
通道21′的尺寸,是在将皮肤跟排泄物的不适当接触减到最小的情况下,在适应肛门相对于会阴的位置的变化所需的最小尺寸与固体粪便的不同截面之间找出的一个平衡。
最好是,此通道的纵向尺寸大于横向尺寸以保证在尿布10′放置到穿用者身上进行不同的纵向调整时对准肛门口。
参看图6,排泄物在通过贴身片12′以后进入一个在贴身片12′与吸收芯子18′之间的一个中空空间28′内,从而基本上将这些排泄物跟穿用者的皮肤隔开。在贴身片12′与吸收芯子18′之间的中空空间28′是由于贴身片12′的纵向收缩或缩短而产生的。这种结构增强了舒服感并增进了贴身片12′对穿用者臀部的贴服性。应有足够的纵向收缩或缩短以提供一个舒适的贴合,并在穿用者的各种动作中和在整个穿用时期内保持这种贴合。但是,这个纵向收缩或缩短不应大到在穿用者皮肤上产生红印或带来刺激。
中空空间28′的容积不是很严格的,只要它能容纳得下至少约90克的粪便物质。同样,中空空间28′的形状也不是严格的,事实上是不规则的。贴身片12′最好在通道21′附近不要固定到芯子18′上,否则中空空间28′的容量就可能降低了。如有必要,贴身片12′的承接尿液的区域可以接合到吸收芯子18′上以促进尿液透过贴身片12′。
如图6所示,当穿上时,理想的是该纵向收缩了或缩短了的贴身片12′应基本上贴合在穿用者身上,同时吸收芯子18′的较大曲率使芯子18′离开贴身片12′并在两者之间形成中空空间28′。换句话说,贴身片12′与芯子18′的曲率半径之差在吸收芯子18′上形成一个浅的空洞,这个空洞收集排泄物并基本上将所收集的排泄物跟穿用者隔开,有助于防止刺激皮肤。
继续参看图6,可以通过使贴身片12′在纵向上短于吸收芯子18′和背衬片16′而使贴身片12′相对于尿布10′的平衡尺寸缩短了。贴身片12′在横向边缘上用任何上述的公知接合方法沿周缘至少部分地接合到背衬片16′上。贴身片12′最好如上所述地在全周缘上固定到背衬片16′上。在贴身片12′跟背衬片16′之间有大一些的纵向尺寸差将基本上提供一个大一些的中空空间28′容积。如有必要,贴身片12′的横向边缘24′可以是非弹性的,使贴身片12′易于接合到背衬片16′上。
具有上述的跟尿布10相关的贴身片12的特性:伸长不发生破裂、在特定伸长范围内的最终接触压力、接触力微差与张力松弛的贴身片12′,特别适用于图5与图6的尿布10′。这样一种贴身片12′使它能适应一个宽的穿用者尺码范围、紧贴地并舒适地贴附到穿用者身上,而不会对穿用者的皮肤施加导致不舒服和表皮刺激的不适当的力。
熟悉本领域的人很清楚,对在这里公开的本发明的几种变化是可行的,没有脱离本发明的精神与范围。例如,贴身片12与12′可以具有不同弹性的区,或者可以具有非弹性的区。非弹性区可以通过一个二次加热工艺过程来形成在层叠片13上,诸如通过使用有选择地给层叠片13上要求变成非弹性的区提供局部加热的加热辊136。
另一方案,可以采用非均匀厚度的薄膜来做第二层片13b。随着薄膜厚度增大,就需要一个大一些的力来伸长同一个伸长量。如果在第一层片13a的相对(外露)面上设置另一个第二层片13b,就会在具有两个相对的第二层片13b的部位降低层叠片13的接触力。所有这样的变化是在本发明的精神与范围之内的。
Claims (12)
1、一种含有一件不透液的背衬片和一件在周缘上至少部分地接合到该背衬片上的透液的贴身片的一次性使用吸收物件,其特征在于该贴身片是可弹性地伸展的,在一个每公分宽度约800克的张力负荷下,在至少一个方向上可伸长约50%到约350%而不发后破裂;一个吸收芯子放置在该贴身片与该背衬片之间。
2、一种含有一件不透液的背衬片和一件在周缘上至少部分地接合到该背衬片上的透液的贴身片的一次性使用吸收物件,其特征在于该贴身片是可弹性地伸展的,在一个每公分宽度约800克的张力负荷下并具有每公分所述累积宽度小于9克的一个每50%伸长率增量的微差力的情况下,在至少一个方向上可伸长约50%到约350%而不发生破裂,最好有一个吸收芯子放置在该贴身片与该背衬片之间。
3、一种含有一件不透液的背衬片和一件在周缘上至少部分地接合到该背衬片上的透尿液的贴身片的一次性使用吸收物件,其特征在于该贴身片是可弹性地伸展的,在一个每公分宽度约800克的张力负荷下并在一个至少约22℃的温度下约10分钟后,在至少一个方向上可伸长约50%到约350%而不发生破裂;一个吸收芯子放置在该贴身片与该背衬片之间。
4、按照权利要求1、2或3的一次性使用吸收物件,其特征在于所述贴身片由一种具有至少两片层片的层叠片组成,其中一片层片是可弹性地伸展的,一片层片是相对地不可伸展的。
5、按权利要求4的一次性使用吸收物件,其特征在于所述可伸展的层片是一种弹性体薄膜。
6、按权利要求5的一次性使用吸收物件,其特征在于所述弹性体薄膜含有压敏粘性物质。
7、按权利要求1、2或3的一次性使用吸收物件,其特征在于所述贴身片在一个每公分宽度约800克的张力负荷下伸长约100%到约300%。
8、按权利要求1、2或3的一次性使用吸收物件,其特征在于所述贴身片在一个每公分宽度约400克的张力负荷下伸长约50%到约350%。
9、按权利要求8的一次性使用吸收物件,其特征在于所述贴身片在一个每公分宽度约400克的张力负荷下伸长约100%到约300%。
10、按权利要求2的一次性使用吸收物件,其特征在于所述贴身片具有一个每公分所述累积宽度小于约6克的每50%伸长率增量的微差力。
11、按权利要求3的一次性使用吸收物件,其特征在于所述贴身片在一个每公分宽度约400克的张力负荷下,在一个至少约22℃的温度下约10分钟后伸长约50%到约100%。
12、按权利要求1、2或3的一次性使用吸收物件,其特征在于还包含有一个通过所述贴身片的通道。
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