CN104507893A - 粉体速凝剂及不定形耐火物的喷附施工方法 - Google Patents

粉体速凝剂及不定形耐火物的喷附施工方法 Download PDF

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CN104507893A
CN104507893A CN201380035044.1A CN201380035044A CN104507893A CN 104507893 A CN104507893 A CN 104507893A CN 201380035044 A CN201380035044 A CN 201380035044A CN 104507893 A CN104507893 A CN 104507893A
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powder
accelerating chemicals
pipe arrangement
aluminum oxide
body material
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CN104507893B (zh
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花桐诚司
内田贵之
古田洋一
佃淳一
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Nippon Steel Corp
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Krosaki Harima Corp
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Abstract

本发明的课题在于,在不定形耐火物的喷附施工中,提高在耐火组合物中通过气流运送添加的速凝剂的运送性,同时提高速凝剂与耐火组合物的混合性。本发明在于提供一种粉体速凝剂,其为在耐火物的喷附施工时使用,通过配管(17)将耐火组合物朝向喷嘴(13)进行气流运送时,在喷嘴(13)或喷嘴跟前向所述耐火组合物中通过气流运送所添加的粉体速凝剂,其特征在于,含有使所述耐火组合物固化的第1粉体材料和作为耐火原料的第2粉体材料,所述第2粉体材料含有5质量%以上粒径超过0.5mm的粒子,且30质量%以上粒径为0.1mm以上的粒子。

Description

粉体速凝剂及不定形耐火物的喷附施工方法
技术领域
本发明涉及在不定形耐火物的喷附施工中,在配管内进行气流运送的耐火组合物中添加的粉体速凝剂及不定形耐火物的喷附施工方法。
背景技术
在铁水包、转炉等的熔融金属容器中,在铁皮内面施加耐火物。该耐火物处于因熔融金属所包含的熔渣而受到熔损或因熔融金属的进出而暴露于热冲击中而易被破坏的环境中。因此,耐火物被破坏时,喷附不定形耐火物来进行损耗部分的修补。
作为损耗部分的修补方法,已知有下述施工方法,即在构成不定形耐火物的耐火组合物中添加所需量的施工水并混炼后,向喷嘴中进行气流运送,并在喷嘴或喷嘴跟前添加速凝剂来进行喷附(例如,参照专利文献1、2)。作为此时使用的速凝剂,可列举熟石灰、铝酸钠、铝酸钾、硅酸钠、硅酸钾、磷酸钠等。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1日本特开2009-047317号公报
专利文献2日本特开2011-214762号公报
专利文献3日本特开2000-226268号公报
发明内容
在上述的专利文献1、2中,速凝剂通过空气压缩机在配管内进行气流运送,在喷嘴中混和于耐火组合物。此时,由于熟石灰等的速凝剂几乎为100μm左右以下的微粉,所以与耐火性组合物混和时,相对于耐火组合物而难以混入,从而存在速凝剂与耐火组合物不能充分混合这样的问题。
此外,由于速凝剂为微粒,所以具有易于附着到配管内的特性。当微粒的粒子附着于配管内时,还存在附着的部分从设计上的配合成分中脱落这样的问题。
对于速凝剂与耐火组合物不能充分混合这样的问题,认为有例如专利文献3中记载的方法:通过将在粉末速凝剂中混合了耐火物微粉的物质在喷嘴内添加到耐火组合物中,从而将粉末速凝剂均匀混合到耐火组合物中,并使喷附施工稳定的方法。
然而,即使为专利文献3的方法,有时耐火组合物与粉末速凝剂的混合性仍不充分,附着率并未提高。此外,在专利文献3的方法中,存在配管内微粒附着的抑制不充分,配管内速凝剂附着从而堵塞这样的问题。
本发明所要解决的课题在于,在进行不定形耐火物的喷附施工时,在耐火组合物中通过气流运送添加速凝剂的情况下,提高速凝剂和耐火组合物的混合性,同时防止粉体速凝剂向配管附着。
鉴于上述课题,本发明者等进行了深入研究,结果发现在专利文献3中,在粉末速凝剂中混合的耐火物微粉的粒度对耐火组合物和速凝剂的混合性、配管内的附着性有很大影响,进一步令人吃惊的是,通过含有5质量%以上粒径超过0.5mm的粒子,且30质量%以上粒径为0.1mm以上、5mm以下的粒子,可提高速凝剂和耐火组合物的混合性,同时可防止粉体速凝剂向配管附着,从而完成了发明。
本发明的主旨如下。
(1)本发明的粉体速凝剂为在耐火物的喷附施工时使用,通过配管将耐火组合物朝向喷嘴进行气流运送时,在所述喷嘴或喷嘴跟前向所述耐火组合物中通过气流运送所添加的粉体速凝剂,其特征在于,含有使所述耐火组合物固化的第1粉体材料和作为耐火原料的第2粉体材料,所述第2粉体材料含有5质量%以上粒径超过0.5mm的粒子,且30质量%以上粒径为0.1mm以上、5mm以下的粒子。
(2)此外,本发明的粉体速凝剂优选在上述(1)中,所述第2粉体材料含有10质量%以上粒径为5mm以下且超过0.5mm的粒子。
(3)此外,本发明的粉体速凝剂优选在上述(1)或(2)中,第1粉体材料和第2粉体材料为以质量比计从1:3到3:1的比例,换言之第1粉体材料和第2粉体材料的总量为100质量%时,含有第1粉体材料25~75质量%、第2粉体材料75~25质量%。
(4))此外,本发明的粉体速凝剂优选在上述(1)~(3)中的任一种中,所述第1粉体材料为选自熟石灰、铝酸盐、硅酸盐、氢氧化镁、普通水泥、硫酸矾土、碳酸钙、氯化钙、氧化钙、氢氧化钙及磷酸钠中的1种或2种以上。
(5)此外,本发明的粉体速凝剂优选在上述(1)~(4)中的任一种中,所述第2粉体材料为选自氧化铝质、二氧化硅质、氧化铝-二氧化硅质、氧化铝-尖晶石质、氧化铝-氧化镁质、氧化铝-碳质、氧化铝-碳化硅质、氧化铝-碳化硅-碳质、氧化镁质、氧化镁-碳质、碳质、碳化硅质、氮化硅质、氧化锆质、氧化钙质、白云石质、氧化铬质、氧化铬-氧化镁质、氧化镁-石灰质及氧化镁-氧化铝质中的1种或2种以上的耐火材料。
(6)此外,本发明为使用了上述(1)~(5)中任一项所述的粉体速凝剂的不定形耐火物的喷附施工方法,其特征在于,在通过配管进行气流运送而从喷嘴喷出的耐火组合物中在所述喷嘴内或所述喷嘴跟前的配管内将所述粉体速凝剂通过气流运送进行添加。
根据本发明的粉体速凝剂,由于第2粉体材料含有5质量%以上粒径超过0.5mm的粒子,且30质量%以上粒径为0.1mm以上的粒子,所以粉体速凝剂的粒子具有相对于耐火组合物易于混入的特性,其结果,可提高粉体速凝剂和耐火组合物的混合性。
此外,即使在第1粉体材料附着于配管内的情况下,第2粉体材料中粒径大于第1粉体材料的粒径0.1mm以上的粒子发挥将附着于配管的第1粉体材料削落的效果。特别是对于粒径超过0.5mm的粒子,其效果明显。据此,可预防第1粉体材料附着于配管内。
附图说明
图1为表示本发明的粉体速凝剂所适用的不定形耐火物的喷附施工装置的一个例子的示意图。
图2为表示喷附材料向施工面的附着率和喷附施工体的表观气孔率的关系的图。
符号说明
1 喷附施工装置
11 气流式原料运送构件
12 材料混炼构件
13 喷嘴
14 速凝剂供给构件
15、16、17、18 配管
具体实施方式
首先,对本发明的粉体速凝剂所适用的不定形耐火物的喷附施工进行说明。
图1为表示不定形耐火物的喷附施工装置的一个例子的示意图。图1所示的喷附施工装置1为在铁水包、转炉等的内壁面将不定形耐火物进行喷附施工的装置,具备气流式原料运送构件11、材料混炼构件12、作为材料喷附构件的喷嘴13及速凝剂供给构件14,各构件经由配管15、16、17、18而被连接。
气流式原料运送构件11为将构成不定形耐火物的耐火组合物用空气压缩机等通过气流进行运送的构件。虽省略了图示,但在该气流式原料运送构件11上设置有供给耐火组合物的罐,从罐供给耐火组合物时,通过空气压缩机使用气流使耐火组合物从配管15喷出从而被运送至材料混炼构件12。在此,优选配管15的内径在30mm以上、50mm以下的范围内,配管15内的流速为10(m/s)以上、30(m/s)以下。
在配管15的与材料混炼构件12的连接部上游侧连接有配管16,在配管16的上游侧连接有空气压缩机,但省略了图示。在该配管16的内部利用空气压缩机的气流将雾状的水运出,以便在从配管16到配管15中的耐火组合物中添加雾状的水。即,空气压缩机及配管16作为水添加构件而发挥功能。
材料混炼构件12将在通过气流式原料运送构件11运送的耐火组合物中介由配管16添加了水的材料进行搅拌混炼,喷嘴13将通过材料混炼构件12混炼的材料喷附于施工面。经混炼的材料从材料混炼构件12的出口,例如在长度5m~20m的配管17中进行气流运送而从喷嘴13被喷出。
速凝剂供给构件14为将粉体速凝剂用空气压缩机等通过气流进行运送的构件。粉体速凝剂通过配管18进行气流运送,在喷嘴13中被添加到喷嘴13内的耐火组合物(混炼材料)中。粉体速凝剂的添加量相对于耐火组合物100质量%,通过外加而成为0.5~10质量%左右。在此,优选配管18的内径在10mm以上、20mm以下的范围内,配管18内的流速为10(m/s)以上、40(m/s)以下。
作为通过这样的喷附施工装置1所使用的耐火组合物,其材质没有特别限制,可没有问题地使用作为主要耐火原料的材质的氧化铝质、二氧化硅质、氧化铝-二氧化硅质、氧化铝-尖晶石质、氧化铝-氧化镁质、氧化铝-碳质、氧化铝-碳化硅质、氧化铝-碳化硅-碳质、氧化镁质、氧化镁-碳质、碳质、碳化硅质、氮化硅质、氧化锆质、氧化钙质、白云石质、氧化铬质、氧化铬-氧化镁质、氧化镁-石灰质、氧化镁-氧化铝质及上述组合的材质。通常,选择与成为喷附对象的耐火物具有类似的矿物组成的材质即可。
接着,对在上述耐火组合物中添加的本发明的粉体速凝剂进行说明。
本发明的粉体速凝剂含有使耐火组合物固化的第1粉体材料和作为具有耐火性的耐火原料的第2粉体材料。
此外,本发明的粉体速凝剂需要为干粉。这是因为在粉体速凝剂中添加水分时,施工体的强度降低。
作为第1粉体材料,优选使用熟石灰、铝酸盐(铝酸钠、铝酸钾、铝酸钙)、硅酸盐(硅酸钠、硅酸钾)、氢氧化镁、普通水泥、硫酸矾土、碳酸钙、氯化钙、氧化钙、氢氧化钙、磷酸钠等公知的速凝剂或它们的组合。优选第1粉体材料的大部分为粒径0.075mm以下。
作为第2粉体材料,只要是耐火原料则其材质没有特别限制,可没有问题地使用与上述耐火组合物相同的材质。例如,作为第2粉体材料,优选使用氧化铝质、二氧化硅质、氧化铝-二氧化硅质、氧化铝-尖晶石质、氧化铝-氧化镁质、氧化铝-碳质、氧化铝-碳化硅质、氧化铝-碳化硅-碳质、氧化镁质、氧化镁-碳质、碳质、碳化硅质、氮化硅质、氧化锆质、氧化钙质、白云石质、氧化铬质、铬-氧化镁质、氧化镁-石灰质、氧化镁-氧化铝质各自的耐火材质及上述组合的耐火材质。
以下,第1粉体材料以熟石灰进行说明,第2粉体材料以氧化铝进行说明。
在本发明中,氧化铝含有5质量%以上粒径超过0.5mm的粒子,且30质量%以上粒径为0.1mm以上、5mm以下的粒子。
据此,本发明所涉及的粉体速凝剂与不包含氧化铝的粉体速凝剂、包含氧化铝但不满足上述条件的粉体速凝剂进行对比,具有相对于耐火组合物易于混入的特性。该特性起因于氧化铝所包含的0.1mm以上的粒子在规定量以上存在。作为具体的理由之一,氧化铝所包含的0.1mm以上的粒子比大部分熟石灰的粒径大。进而,氧化铝比熟石灰的比重大。因此,氧化铝所包含的规定量以上的0.1mm以上的粒子比熟石灰的动能高。这样的话,氧化铝所包含的0.1mm以上的粒子具有比熟石灰易于混入耐火组合物的特性。进而,由于超过0.5mm的粒子在规定量以上存在,从而作为速凝剂整体的动能进一步变大,具有易于混入耐火组合物的特性。此外,由于熟石灰大部分为处于微粉域的小于0.075mm的粒子,所以具有易于进入到氧化铝的凹凸部分的性质。因此,熟石灰具有与氧化铝的0.1mm以上的粒子一起混入耐火组合物的性质。
即,本发明所涉及的粉体速凝剂与不包含氧化铝的粉体速凝剂进行对比,具有易于混入耐火组合物的特性。据此,发挥提高粉体速凝剂和耐火组合物的混合性的效果。
此外,由于氧化铝所包含的0.1mm以上的粒子比微粉域熟石灰的粒径大,所以发挥将附着于配管的熟石灰进行削落的效果。在此,氧化铝需要含有0.1mm以上的粒子。进而,由于在配管内通过气流运送而将速凝剂进行运送时,超过0.5mm的粒子的动能大,超过0.5mm的粒子在规定量以上存在,从而可非常有效地防止配管附着。
在氧化铝中,当0.1mm以上、5mm以下的粒子小于30质量%或超过0.5mm的粒子小于5质量%时,不能充分得到上述的效果。为了使上述混入的效果和削落的效果更为显著,优选氧化铝含有粗大的粒子,具体而言,优选相对于氧化铝的总量100质量%,至少含有10质量%以上粒径超过0.5mm的粒子。
此外,优选氧化铝中粗大粒子的粒径的上限为5mm。氧化铝中粗大粒子的粒径的上限受配管18的直径的制约。在此,优选配管18的直径为约10mm以上、20mm以下。当配管18的直径小于10mm时,由于直径小,故而粉体速凝剂易于堵塞。此外,当配管18的直径超过20mm时,伴随着直径的增加,需要增加用于将粉体速凝剂进行气流运送的气流流量(空气流量)。当空气流量增加时,存在空气将被施工体的面上的施工体吹走,从而施工体的附着性降低这样的问题。因此,优选配管18的直径为10mm以上、20mm以下。在此,在配管18的直径为10mm的情况下,当氧化铝的粒径超过5mm时,氧化铝堵塞于配管18的趋势增高。因此,优选氧化铝的粒径为5mm以下。
且,即使在含有粒径超过5mm的氧化铝的情况下,只要粉体速凝剂中超过5mm的含量小于30质量%,则氧化铝堵塞的可能性低,为可实用的水平。
此外,上述氧化铝中的粒径0.1mm以上或粒径超过0.5mm的粗大粒子的含量没有上限,氧化铝也可全部为粒径0.1mm以上或粒径超过0.5mm的粗大粒子。即使氧化铝中不含有微粒,由于通常耐火组合物中含有微粒,而且氧化铝的添加量相对于耐火组合物为微量,所以不对喷附施工体的品质产生不良影响。
在本发明的粉体速凝剂中,优选上述熟石灰和氧化铝的配合比例为以质量比计从1:3到3:1,换言之熟石灰和氧化铝的总量为100质量%时,以熟石灰成为25~75质量%、氧化铝成为75~25质量%的比例进行配合。当熟石灰的含量低于25质量%时,由于使耐火组合物固化的成分不足,所以向施工面的附着率为降低的趋势。另一方面,当氧化铝含量的比例低于25质量%时,有时气流运送性降低,且在配管内粉体速凝剂附着于配管,从而配管堵塞。
进而,为了保管当将仅由以往以来普遍的熟石灰等的第1粉体材料构成的粉体速凝剂保持在贮藏罐内,或在施工时保持在图1中的速凝剂供给构件14内时,由于与空气中的水蒸气进行反应,粉体速凝剂固化,不能进行气流运送,所以仅能保持数小时~1天左右,但只要使用本发明的粉体速凝剂,由于氧化铝等的第2粉体材料的存在,熟石灰等的第1粉体材料的固结被阻碍,即使连续保持1周以上,粉体速凝剂也不固化,经过长时间也可保持可进行气流运送的状态。
实施例
通过图1的喷附施工装置进行施工试验。在试验中,作为耐火组合物使用粒度经调整的氧化铝质原料,添加表1所示的各种粉体速凝剂。粉体速凝剂的添加量相对于耐火组合物100质量%,通过外加而成为3质量%。
此外,作为粉体速凝剂,作为第1粉体材料使用粒径为0.075mm以下的熟石灰及铝酸钠,作为第2粉体材料,使用表1所记载的具有规定粒度分布的电熔氧化铝。
作为试验的评价,对配管内堵塞性与附着率进行评价。具有当提高粉体速凝剂与耐火组合物的混合性时,附着率也提高的特性。因此,作为评价项目对附着率也进行评价。具体而言,配管内堵塞性的评价为通过下述堵塞率进行评价,即粉体速凝剂进行气流运送的图1的配管18截面的粉体速凝剂的堵塞率。○为堵塞率0%、△为堵塞率10%以下、×为堵塞率100%。附着率通过“附着率(%)=附着于施工面的施工体的重量/(从喷嘴喷出的喷附原料(不定形耐火物)的重量)×100”进行评价。
在此,在施工对象物500mm×500mm形状的板、施工温度900℃、施工流量(在气流式原料运送构件11上经由运送路径连接的未图示的空气压缩机的输出流量)4~5(m3/min)、耐火组合物的运送速度20(m/s)、粉体速凝剂的运送速度25(m/s)的条件下进行试验。
图2表示,使用图1的喷附施工装置,在使粉体速凝剂的熟石灰和电熔氧化铝的质量比成为1:1的基础上,改变电熔氧化铝的粒度分布所得到的施工体的附着率和表观气孔率的关系。根据图2可知,附着率成为80%以上时表观气孔率为低位、稳定,可得到良好的施工体。因此,在综合评价中,(1)将配管内堵塞性为○且附着率80%以上作为◎、(2)将配管内堵塞性为○或△且附着率78%以上作为○、(3)将配管内堵塞性为△或×且附着率75%以下作为×。
表1
如表1所示,实施例1~6、实施例8~10及实施例14、15中任一个的综合评价均为◎,可得到良好的结果。
实施例7的综合评价为○,与其他实施例相比些许不良。由于实施例7的熟石灰和电熔氧化铝的总量中所占的熟石灰的比例较少为20质量%,所以推测使耐火组合物固化的成分不足,且附着率些许降低。但是,由于实施例7的综合评价为○,比后述的对比例更为优异,所以除过酷的环境以外为可充分实用的水平。
此外,实施例11、12及13的综合评价为○,与其他的实施例相比些许不良。由于实施例11、12及13包含超过5mm的电熔氧化铝,所以推测堵塞于配管18的趋势增高。但是,由于实施例11、12及13的综合评价为○,比后述的对比例更为优异,所以为可充分实用的水平。
对比例1~3中任一个的电熔氧化铝中粒径0.1mm以上、5mm以下的粒子的比例均低于30质量%,配管堵塞性的评价降低,附着率也降低。此外,推测对比例3的熟石灰和电熔氧化铝的总量中所占的电熔氧化铝的比例较低为20质量%也是配管堵塞性的评价及附着率降低的原因。
对比例4的粒径超过0.5mm的粒子在电熔氧化铝中所占的比例低于5质量%。因此,配管堵塞性的评价降低,且附着率也降低。
对比例5为在粉体速凝剂中仅含有熟石灰的例子。此时,由于粉体速凝剂相对于耐火组合物难以混入,粉体速凝剂和耐火组合物未充分混合,所以配管堵塞性的评价及附着率降低。
由以上可知重要的是,第2粉体材料含有5质量%以上粒径超过0.5mm的粒子,且30质量%以上粒径为0.1mm以上的粒子。且,优选第2粉体材料含有10质量%以上粒径为5mm以下且超过0.5mm的粒子。
此外,在实施例中,有时在图1所记载的速凝剂供给构件14内将粉体速凝剂保持1周以上,粉体速凝剂不固化,可没有问题地进行气流运送。
产业上的可利用性
本发明的粉体速凝剂可广泛用于例如为了转炉、铁水包、高炉、雨水管、混铁车、电炉、2次精炼炉、浇口盘、回转窑、废弃物熔融炉、废弃物灰熔融炉、焚烧炉、水泥厂(cement plant)窑炉、均热炉、加热炉这样的熔融金属容器衬垫的修补或初期衬垫的形成所实施的不定形耐火物的喷附施工。此外,本发明的粉体速凝剂可用于热施工及冷温施工的两者。

Claims (6)

1.一种粉体速凝剂,其为在耐火物的喷附施工时使用,通过配管将耐火组合物朝向喷嘴进行气流运送时,在所述喷嘴或喷嘴跟前向所述耐火组合物中通过气流运送所添加的粉体速凝剂,其特征在于,
含有使所述耐火组合物固化的第1粉体材料和
作为耐火原料的第2粉体材料,
所述第2粉体材料含有5质量%以上粒径超过0.5mm的粒子,且30质量%以上粒径为0.1mm以上的粒子。
2.根据权利要求1所述的粉体速凝剂,其特征在于,所述第2粉体材料含有10质量%以上粒径为5mm以下且超过0.5mm的粒子。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的粉体速凝剂,其特征在于,以质量比计从1:3到3:1的范围的比例含有所述第1粉体材料和所述第2粉体材料。
4.根据权利要求1~3中任一项所述的粉体速凝剂,其特征在于,所述第1粉体材料为选自熟石灰、铝酸盐、硅酸盐、氢氧化镁、普通水泥、硫酸矾土、碳酸钙、氯化钙、氧化钙、氢氧化钙及磷酸钠中的1种或2种以上。
5.根据权利要求1~4中任一项所述的粉体速凝剂,其特征在于,所述第2粉体材料为选自氧化铝质、二氧化硅质、氧化铝-二氧化硅质、氧化铝-尖晶石质、氧化铝-氧化镁质、氧化铝-碳质、氧化铝-碳化硅质、氧化铝-碳化硅-碳质、氧化镁质、氧化镁-碳质、碳质、碳化硅质、氮化硅质、氧化锆质、氧化钙质、白云石质、氧化铬质、氧化铬-氧化镁质、氧化镁-石灰质及氧化镁-氧化铝质中的1种或2种以上的耐火材料。
6.一种不定形耐火物的喷附施工方法,其为使用了权利要求1~5中任一项所述的粉体速凝剂的不定形耐火物的喷附施工方法,其特征在于,在通过配管进行气流运送而从喷嘴喷出的耐火组合物中在所述喷嘴内或所述喷嘴跟前的配管内将所述粉体速凝剂通过气流运送进行添加。
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