CN104475006B - 用于柴油机和稀燃汽油机氮氧化物储存的吸附剂及其制备 - Google Patents
用于柴油机和稀燃汽油机氮氧化物储存的吸附剂及其制备 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium persulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910000357 manganese(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910021627 Tin(IV) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J tin(iv) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Sn](Cl)(Cl)Cl HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910002492 Ce(NO3)3·6H2O Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910001870 ammonium persulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N SnO2 Inorganic materials O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 4
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- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims 1
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 36
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 9
- GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrous Oxide Chemical compound [O-][N+]#N GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000003760 magnetic stirring Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011232 storage material Substances 0.000 description 3
- IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Nitrite anion Chemical compound [O-]N=O IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000287 alkaline earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AVXURJPOCDRRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroxylamine Chemical class ON AVXURJPOCDRRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000010718 Oxidation Activity Effects 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010531 catalytic reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Substances N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001404 rare earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100001234 toxic pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
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Abstract
一种用于柴油机和稀燃汽油机氮氧化物储存的吸附剂,由24~26wt%的MnOX、35~75wt%的SnO2和0~41wt%的CeO2组成,其中,MnOX表示Mn的氧化物,本发明还提供了该吸附剂的制备方法,本发明吸附剂不含Pt、Pd等贵金属,从而大大降低了成本,本发明的吸附剂在100℃,48,000mL h‑1 g‑1的空速,NO 500ppm、O25%的模拟烟气条件下,具有290.1~541.2μmol g‑1的氮氧化物储存容量,从而极大地提高了100℃氮氧化物的储存能力。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于环境保护中氮氧化物控制技术领域,特别涉及一种用于柴油机和稀燃汽油机氮氧化物储存的吸附剂及其制备。
背景技术
随着社会经济的迅速发展,我国机动车行业发展迅猛。90年代以来,我国汽车保有量年增长率高达13%~15%。汽车在给人类生活和社会发展带来高效和方便的同时,其排放的尾气中含有的NOX、CO、HC及颗粒物等有毒污染物恶化了大气环境,威胁了人类的生存环境。
针对柴油车和稀燃汽油车尾气的氮氧化物催化净化技术,目前国内外比较成熟的有选择性催化还原技术(SCR)和存储-还原氮氧化物技术(NSR)。NH3-SCR技术主要采用较为成熟的V2O5-WO3/TiO2或V2O5-MO3/TiO2催化体系,用氨作为还原剂来消除尾气中的NOX,这类催化剂在潮湿、富燃的条件下仍能具有较高的活性。NSR技术主要工作原理是通过改变发动机运行过程中的空燃比,使其交替运行在富氧和富燃两种工况条件下,在富氧条件下尾气为氧化性气氛,NSR催化剂上面的催化氧化活性组分将尾气中的NO氧化成为NO2,而后NO2以硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐的形式储存在催化剂表面;间断地将发动机切换到富燃阶段,尾气转变为还原性气氛,催化剂表面的硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐会迅速分解成NOX,在催化剂表面被还原性气氛中的HC、CO与H2还原成N2。然而,目前的两种主流技术都存在活性窗口过窄、低温(<150℃)催化效果差的问题,严重阻碍了该技术在机动车尾气处理中的实际应用。为了应对该问题,近几年氮氧化物储存技术得到了快速发展。
氮氧化物储存技术主要是将低温氮氧化物储存材料与SCR或NSR技术相结合,在机动车尾气温度过低(<150℃)时,储存材料将发动机排出的氮氧化物储存起来;随着尾气温度升高,吸附剂将储存的氮氧化物释放出来,在SCR或NSR催化剂作用下被还原成N2。常见的储存材料主要包括一些碱及碱土金属氧化物、稀土氧化物、过渡金属氧化物,它们具有与氮氧化物反应生成硝酸盐的特性。由于机动车在运行过程中尾气排放条件和反应气氛具有很大变动性,所以必须要求催化剂在使用中要有较大的氮氧化物储存容量、良好的热稳定性以及很好的耐硫性。目前,在NOX储存材料的研制上,主要集中在寻求有更大储存容量的吸附材料方面。虽然氮氧化物储存材料得到了很大发展,但是低温度区间内氮氧化物的储存能力相对较差。从热力学角度分析,在50~250℃的温度区间内,Pt很难把NO氧化成NO2,而这一步又是NOX储存过程最重要的反应步骤之一;同时常用的储存材料BaO在低温反应温度条件下并不具备十分良好的NOX吸附储存能力,导致NOX得不到有效储存。
发明内容
为了克服上述现有技术的缺点,本发明的目的在于提供一种用于柴油机和稀燃汽油机氮氧化物储存的吸附剂及其制备,吸附剂以Mn、Sn、Ce复合金属氧化物催化剂为活性组分,不但成本低,且低温NOX储存性能优良。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案是:
一种用于柴油机和稀燃汽油机氮氧化物储存的吸附剂,由以下组份组成:
MnOX 24~26wt%
SnO2 35~75wt%
CeO2 0~41wt%
其中,MnOX表示Mn的氧化物。
当Mn的氧化物有多种时,x综合取值可以为3.2~3.5。
本发明还提供了所述用于柴油机和稀燃汽油机氮氧化物储存的吸附剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
步骤1:将一定量过硫酸铵配成浓度为0.12mol/L的溶液,依次加入一定量的MnSO4·H2O、SnCl4·5H2O和Ce(NO3)3·6H2O得到混合液;
步骤2:将步骤1得到的混合液搅拌均匀后,逐滴加入适量氨水,调节pH值在9.5~10.5范围内得到悬浊液;
步骤3:将步骤2得到的悬浊液搅拌老化2~3h,用去离子水洗涤3~4次,110℃干燥24h,烘干的固体捣碎研磨后,于400℃马弗炉中煅烧4h~6h,即得所述吸附剂。
优选地,所述步骤1中,过硫酸铵溶液是以过硫酸铵和去离子水配置而成,所述MnSO4·H2O、SnCl4·5H2O和Ce(NO3)3·6H2O的摩尔比在4:5:1~4:3:3之间,MnSO4·H2O与过硫酸铵的摩尔比保持为1:1。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:
1.不含Pt、Pd等贵金属,从而大大降低了催化剂成本。本发明制备的复合金属氧化物吸附剂极大地提高了100℃氮氧化物的储存能力。
2.本发明的吸附剂在100℃,48,000mL h-1g-1的空速,NO 500ppm、O25%的模拟烟气条件下,具有290.1~541.2μmol g-1的氮氧化物储存容量。
附图说明
图1是本发明不同催化剂的氮氧化物吸附曲线。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例详细说明本发明的实施方式。
如图1所示,
实施例1
制备Mn-Sn-OX吸附剂。配制0.12mol L-1的(NH4)2S2O4溶液500mL,依次加入2.02824g MnSO4·H2O、6.3104g SnCl4·5H2O;搅拌均匀后逐滴加入适量氨水,调节pH值在10.0左右;在磁力搅拌器上50℃搅拌、老化3h;用去离子水洗涤、抽滤4次,去除溶液中的杂质离子;将所的样品至于烘箱中110℃干燥24h,烘干的块状捣碎,在马弗炉中500℃焙烧4h,得到Mn、Sn摩尔比为4:6(表示为Mn0.4Sn0.6)的Mn-Sn-OX。
MnOX与SnO2的质量分数分别为25.9%和74.1%。
吸附性能试验反应条件:
0.2g催化剂,500ppm NO,5%O2,平衡气为氮气,空速为48,000mLh-1g-1。
100℃时Mn0.4Sn0.6吸附性能结果如图1所示,大约仅1min后吸附曲线被穿透,大约20min后出口氮氧化物浓度达到平衡。根据吸附曲线可计算得Mn0.4Sn0.6的氮氧化物储存容量(NOX Storage Capacity,NSC)约为59.8μmol g-1。
实施例2
制备Mn-Sn-Ce-OX吸附剂。配制两份0.12mol L-1的(NH4)2S2O4溶液各500mL。在第一份溶液中依次加入2.02824g MnSO4·H2O、5.2587g SnCl4·5H2O和1.3027g Ce(NO3)3·6H2O;在第二份溶液中依次加入2.02824g MnSO4·H2O、3.1552g SnCl4·5H2O和3.9080g Ce(NO3)3·6H2O;搅拌均匀后逐滴加入适量氨水,调节pH值在10.0左右;在磁力搅拌器上50℃搅拌、老化3h;然后用去离子水洗涤、抽滤4次,以去除溶液中的杂质离子;将所得样品至于烘箱中110℃干燥24h,烘干的块状捣碎,在马弗炉中500℃焙烧4h,制得Mn、Sn、Ce的摩尔比分别为4:5:1(表示为Mn0.4Sn0.5Ce0.1)与4:3:3(表示为Mn0.4Sn0.3Ce0.3)的Mn-Sn-Ce-OX。
两种情况下,MnOX、CeO2与SnO2的质量分数分别为25.4%、13.9%、60.7%和24.6%、40.2%、35.2%。
吸附性能试验反应条件与实施例1一致,两种吸附剂的氮氧化物吸附曲线如图1所示,添加稀土元素Ce之后,吸附剂的穿透时间明显增加,Mn0.4Sn0.5Ce0.1的穿透时间达到16min,Mn0.4Sn0.3Ce0.3的穿透时间也有6min,均远远超过了Mn0.4Sn0.6。根据吸附曲线可以计算得到Mn0.4Sn0.3Ce0.3的NSC为290.1μmol g-1,是Mn0.4Sn0.6吸附剂的4.8倍;Mn0.4Sn0.5Ce0.1的NSC为541.2μmol g-1,是Mn0.4Sn0.6吸附剂的9.1倍。
实施例3
制备Mn-Sn-Ce-OX吸附剂。配制两份0.12mol L-1的(NH4)2S2O4溶液各500mL。在第一份溶液中依次加入2.02824g MnSO4·H2O、5.2587gSnCl4·5H2O和1.3027g Ce(NO3)3·6H2O;在第二份溶液中依次加入2.02824gMnSO4·H2O、3.1552g SnCl4··5H2O和3.9080g Ce(NO3)3·6H2O;搅拌均匀后逐滴加入适量氨水,调节pH值在10.0左右;在磁力搅拌器上50℃搅拌、老化2h;然后用去离子水洗涤、抽滤3次,以去除溶液中的杂质离子;将所得样品至于烘箱中110℃干燥24h,烘干的块状捣碎,在马弗炉中500℃焙烧6h,制得Mn、Sn、Ce的摩尔比分别为4:5:1(表示为Mn0.4Sn0.5Ce0.1)与4:3:3(表示为Mn0.4Sn0.3Ce0.3)的Mn-Sn-Ce-OX。
实施例4
制备Mn-Sn-Ce-OX吸附剂。配制一份0.12mol L-1的(NH4)2S2O4溶液500mL。在溶液中依次加入2.02824g MnSO4·H2O、4.2070g SnCl4·5H2O和2.6053g Ce(NO3)3·6H2O;搅拌均匀后逐滴加入适量氨水,调节pH值在10.0左右;在磁力搅拌器上50℃搅拌、老化3h;然后用去离子水洗涤、抽滤4次,以去除溶液中的杂质离子;将所得样品至于烘箱中110℃干燥24h,烘干的块状捣碎,在马弗炉中500℃焙烧4h,制得Mn、Sn、Ce的摩尔比分别为4:4:2的Mn-Sn-Ce-OX。
该情况下,MnOX、CeO2与SnO2的质量分数分别为25.0%、27.3%、47.7%。
Claims (3)
1.一种吸附剂用于柴油机和稀燃汽油机氮氧化物储存的用途,其特征在于,所述吸附剂由以下组份组成:
MnOX 24~25.4wt%
SnO2 35~60.7wt%
CeO2 13.9%~41wt%
其中,MnOX表示Mn的氧化物。
2.一种用于柴油机和稀燃汽油机氮氧化物储存的吸附剂的制备方法,所述吸附剂由以下组份组成:
MnOX 24~25.4wt%
SnO2 35~60.7wt%
CeO2 13.9%~41wt%
其中,MnOX表示Mn的氧化物;
其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
步骤1:将一定量过硫酸铵配成浓度为0.12mol/L的溶液,依次加入一定量的MnSO4·H2O、SnCl4·5H2O和Ce(NO3)3·6H2O得到混合液;
步骤2:将步骤1得到的混合液搅拌均匀后,逐滴加入适量氨水,调节pH值在9.5~10.5范围内得到悬浊液;
步骤3:将步骤2得到的悬浊液搅拌老化2~3h,用去离子水洗涤3~4次,110℃干燥24h,烘干的固体捣碎研磨后,于400℃马弗炉中煅烧4h~6h,即得所述吸附剂。
3.根据权利要求2所述吸附剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤1中,过硫酸铵溶液是以过硫酸铵和去离子水配置而成,所述MnSO4·H2O、SnCl4·5H2O和Ce(NO3)3·6H2O的摩尔比在4:5:1~4:3:3之间,MnSO4·H2O与过硫酸铵的摩尔比保持为1:1。
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