CN104472195A - Soil-covering drought-resisting seedling-protecting cultivation method for planting soybean in spring watermelon stubbles - Google Patents
Soil-covering drought-resisting seedling-protecting cultivation method for planting soybean in spring watermelon stubbles Download PDFInfo
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a soil-covering drought-resisting seedling-protecting cultivation method for planting soybean in spring watermelon stubbles. The method comprises the following steps of (A) cleaning stubbles: emptying out the spring watermelon stubbles, reserving a furrow surface of which the width is 120cm and a furrow trench of which the width is 40cm, and performing shallow rotary tillage or artificial stubble cleaning for 5-6cm; (B) digging a trench, wherein the depth of a seed sowing trench which is transversely dug in the furrow surface is about 5cm, and the line spacing is 30cm; (C) performing water irrigation, namely irrigating the seed sowing trench with sufficient bottom water; (D) sowing seeds, namely sowing soybean seeds immediately after water irrigation, wherein the seed sowing quantity is on the basis of 14,000 on July 10th, is increased by 5 percent if the seeds are sown for each day delayed, and is 28,000 at most; (E) performing seed covering, namely covering the seeds with fine soil immediately when open water does not exist in the seed sowing trench, wherein the thickness of the fine soil on the soybean seeds is about 3cm; (F) performing soil covering, namely covering the fine soil until wetted soil cannot be seen on the seed sowing trench in the furrow surface, wherein the thickness of the fine soil on the soybean seeds is 3-4cm; (G) protecting the seedlings, namely before and after the full stand of the soybean, preventing young seedlings from being damaged by insects, hares and wild pigeons; (H) performing moisturizing, namely covering the furrow surface with the fine soil for one time at intervals of 5 days in principle after the seeds are sown, covering the furrow surface with the fine soil in time when the soil is suitable for cultivation after the rain, reducing water evaporation, and covering the furrow surface with the fine soil for 4-5 times within 20 days after the seeds are sown, wherein the thickness of the fine soil covered at each time is about 0.8cm; (I) performing management, namely performing daily field management.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the methods of cultivation of soybean earthing keeping crop seedling from drought, particularly relate to south China hilly and mountainous land, nonirrigated farmland, Plain, the methods of cultivation of spring watermelon stubble plantation soybean earthing keeping crop seedling from drought.
Background technology
Soybean is grain and oil dual-purpose crop, originates in China, is one of the most ancient raise crop.By local cropping system and sowing season, can be divided into spring soybean, summer soybean, autumn soybean and the winter soybean.China was once main product state and the exported country of soybean.Plough less because China has a large population, grain-production area must ensure, soybean acreage is compressed, and supply falls short of demand for domestic soybean, and thus Soybean import state is changed into by soybean export state in China.When exploring existing crop allocation, cropping system, raise the multiple-cropping index, expand soybean acreage and output; Improve the economic benefit of unit are, excite the enthusiasm of plantation soybean; Improve the degree of self-sufficiency of domestic soybean, reduce the import volume of soybean.Accomplish above three raisings, finding suitable crop succession, bringing up stable cropping system is prerequisite, and the farming technique of supporting high and stable yields is crucial, walks to meet the new approach of south China development Soybean production.
At present, spring watermelon stubble plantation soybean irrigates the keeping crop seedling from drought methods of cultivation, and concrete grammar comprises the following steps:
1, stubble-cleaning, about mid or late July after watermelon listing, cleans out field melon vine, weeds, mulch film etc., rises stubble and retains the wide furrow ditch of 40cm and the wide furrow face of 120cm afterwards;
2, irrigate, under burning sun high temperature and drought, after the field flood irrigation of watermelon plate, discharge field internal water accumulation in time;
3, beat cave, furrow face is suitable beats cave, dark about the 6cm in cave, distance between rows and hills 30 × 30cm when ploughing, furrow ditch at interior 40 × 30cm, every mu of 5555 caves;
4, sow, every bunch planting kind 2-3 grain, every mu of seeding quantity about 1.5 ten thousand;
5, lid kind, earthing lid kind, thick about the 3-4cm of blinding;
6, seedling-protection, before and after the neat seedling of soybean, bean seedlings are tender and crisp, are easily subject to the injury of insect, hare, rock dove etc., will carry out preventing and controlling in time;
7, drought resisting, seedling stage runs into damage caused by a drought, and irrigate through furrow night keeping crop seedling from drought;
8, manage, carry out intertill and clean tillage, topdress, the field management such as prevention and elimination of disease and pests.
Above-mentioned spring watermelon stubble plantation soybean, adopts the methods of cultivation of irrigating keeping crop seedling from drought, there is following defect:
1, spring watermelon stubble plantation soybean, it is successful for irrigating keeping crop seedling from drought paddy field, and mu Yield of Soybean is at about 140 kilograms.But the economic benefit of paddy planting soybean is high less than rice cultivation, and thus farmer concepts is not high, the tradition of also producing paddy rice with paddy field does not conform to;
2, paddy field spring watermelon stubble plantation soybean, flood irrigation, furrow irrigation drough-relief method also cannot be applied in nonirrigated farmland, can not change southern hills mountain region, spring watermelon stubble volt in nonirrigated farmland, Plain ploughs the present situation of lying fallow.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is spring watermelon stubble plantation soybean, overcome the weather condition of high temperature on the hot summer days, the easy seed decay and seedling death of arid soybean, strive Qi Miao and save seedling from damage, provide a kind of soybean earthing keeping crop seedling from drought, the methods of cultivation of high and stable yields.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this: a kind of spring watermelon stubble plantation soybean earthing keeping crop seedling from drought methods of cultivation comprise the following steps:
(A) stubble-cleaning, about mid or late July, stubble is risen in watermelon listing, retains the wide furrow face of 120cm and the wide furrow ditch of 40cm, shallow rotary tillage or artificial stubble-cleaning 5-6cm dark, soil block fills and leads up furrow ditch through stubble-cleaning wholely, for later earthing keeping crop seedling from drought provides Tu Yuan;
(B) ward off ditch, break furrow face soil block into pieces with hoe, laterally open up seed furrow or release seed furrow, line-spacing 30cm, ditch depth about 5cm with hoe;
(C) water, in seed furrow, water vola water, due to high temperature burning sun on the hot summer days, even if soil moisture content is not very arid, also will water end water, guarantee the moisture content that soybean emerges needed for growth;
(D) sow, while water waterside sowing, broadcast with the even grain of seed furrow.Seeding quantity is based on July 10 1.4 ten thousand every mu, and every late sowing one day seeding quantity increases by 5%, and the highest seeding quantity is 2.8 ten thousand;
(E) lid kind, in seed furrow without open fire in time with fine earth lid kind water conservation, on Soybean Species, fine earth thickness is about 3cm;
(F) earthing, lid strikes soil block further after planting and covers fine earth, and make furrow face tend to smooth, can't see the soil that seed furrow has print wet, after earthing, on Soybean Species, fine earth thickness is about 3-4cm;
(G) seedling-protection, before and after the neat seedling of soybean, bean seedlings are tender and crisp, are easily subject to the injury of insect, hare, rock dove etc., will carry out preventing and controlling in time;
(H) moisturizing, in after planting about 5 days soybean neat seedling stages, furrow face covers fine earth keeping crop seedling from drought.Hoe pine breaks thin furrow ditch soil into pieces, prevents soil block from weighing bean seedlings wounded, covers a fine earth in principle every 5 days furrow faces, and when becoming a fine day after rain that furrow ditch soil is suitable to be ploughed, furrow face covers fine earth in time, reduces water evaporates.In after planting 20 days, furrow face covers fine earth 4-5 time, and each covering fine earth about 0.8cm, realizes earthing keeping crop seedling from drought;
(I) manage, carry out topdress, weeding, the field management such as prevention and elimination of disease and pests.
Owing to have employed technique scheme, in hilly and mountainous land, nonirrigated farmland, Plain, after spring watermelon stubble soybean planting, dark furrow ditch, soil crushing, covers fine earth, cover a fine earth every 5 days furrow faces in principle, become a fine day soil furrow face when ploughing of fitting after rain and cover fine earth in time, reduce water evaporates.In after planting 20 days, furrow face covers fine earth 4-5 time, realizes earthing keeping crop seedling from drought.Facts have proved, select local late-maturing summer soybean varieties, mid or late July is sowed neat seedling and sows the same kind of neat seedling about mid-June, the maturing stage and per unit area yield similar.Run into the time of high temperature and drought, the soybean sowed about hilly and mountainous land, nonirrigated farmland, Plain mid-June, owing to irrigating drought resisting, often reduce by half harvest, even has no harvest.And the soybean of mid or late July sowing, adopt the earthing drought resisting methods of cultivation, strive Qi Miao and save seedling from damage, energy degree of safety crosses the weather of high temperature and drought, obtains the Rate of climatic guarantee of good harvest more than 80%, and mu Yield of Soybean is at about 140 kilograms.The reduction in the life period of soybean late sowing, plant is moderate, is conducive to dense planting, and the florescence concentrates, and pods is low, and growth potential is strong, and thus large beans is large, grain is even, color and luster is good, quality is high, high and stable yields.Under present invention achieves the weather condition of high temperature and drought on the hot summer days, the cropping system of spring watermelon stubble plantation soybean high and stable yields, change southern hills mountain region, spring watermelon stubble volt in nonirrigated farmland, Plain ploughs the present situation of lying fallow, walk to meet the new approach of south China development Soybean production, economic benefit, social benefit and Ecological Effect Yidu are improved.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the invention will be further described.
Embodiment 1:
The field that stubble early beats cave plantation soybean risen by spring watermelon, the earthing keeping crop seedling from drought methods of cultivation:
(A) stubble-cleaning, about 10-15 day in July, stubble is risen in watermelon listing, retains the furrow face that 120cm is wide, the furrow ditch that 40cm is wide, and deeply, soil block fills and leads up furrow ditch through stubble-cleaning wholely, for later earthing keeping crop seedling from drought provides Tu Yuan for shallow rotary tillage or artificial stubble-cleaning 5-6cm;
(B) beat cave, break furrow face soil block into pieces with hoe and beat cave, dark about the 5-6cm in cave, distance between rows and hills 30 × 30cm, furrow ditch at interior 40 × 30cm, every mu of 5555 caves;
(C) water, Nei Jiao vola, cave water, guarantees the moisture content that soybean emerges needed for growth;
(D) sow, every bunch planting kind 2-3 grain, every mu of amount of broadcasting about 1.5 ten thousand;
(E) lid kind, in cave without open fire in time by fine earth lid kind, thick about the 3cm of blinding;
(F) earthing, lid strikes soil block further after planting and covers fine earth, and can't see the soil that sowing cave, furrow face has print wet, after earthing, on Soybean Species, fine earth thickness is about 3-4cm;
(G) seedling-protection, before and after the neat seedling of soybean, bean seedlings are tender and crisp, are easily subject to the injury of insect, hare, rock dove etc., will carry out preventing and controlling in time;
(H) moisturizing, in after planting about 5 days soybean neat seedling stages, furrow face covers fine earth keeping crop seedling from drought.Hoe pine breaks thin furrow ditch soil into pieces, prevents soil block from weighing bean seedlings wounded, covers a fine earth in principle every 5 days furrow faces, and when becoming a fine day after rain that furrow ditch soil is suitable to be ploughed, furrow face covers fine earth in time, reduces water evaporates.In after planting 20 days, furrow face covers fine earth 4-5 time, and each covering fine earth about 0.8cm, realizes earthing keeping crop seedling from drought;
(I) manage, carry out topdress, weeding, the field management such as prevention and elimination of disease and pests.
Embodiment 2:
The field of wide furrow spring watermelon stubble plantation soybean, the earthing keeping crop seedling from drought methods of cultivation:
(A) stubble-cleaning, about mid or late July, stubble is risen in watermelon listing, retains the furrow face that 280cm is wide, the furrow ditch that 40cm is wide, and deeply, soil block fills and leads up furrow ditch through stubble-cleaning wholely, for earthing keeping crop seedling from drought provides Tu Yuan for shallow rotary tillage or artificial stubble-cleaning 5-6cm;
(B) ward off ditch, the furrow face that 280cm is wide, the furrow ditch that centre stays 40cm wide, wide furrow change the furrow face of every furrow 120cm into.Break furrow face soil block into pieces with hoe, laterally open up seed furrow or release seed furrow, line-spacing 30cm, ditch depth about 5cm with hoe;
(C) water, in seed furrow, water vola water, guarantee the moisture content that soybean emerges needed for growth;
(D) sow, while water waterside sowing, broadcast with the even grain of seed furrow.Seeding quantity is based on July 10 1.4 ten thousand, and every late sowing one day seeding quantity increases by 5%, and the highest seeding quantity is 2.8 ten thousand;
(E) lid kind, without open fire in seed furrow, in time with fine earth lid kind water conservation, on Soybean Species, fine earth thickness is about 3cm;
(F) earthing, lid strikes soil block further after planting and covers fine earth, and make furrow face tend to smooth, can't see the soil that seed furrow has print wet, after earthing, on Soybean Species, fine earth thickness is about 3-4cm;
(G) seedling-protection, before and after the neat seedling of soybean, bean seedlings are tender and crisp, are easily subject to the injury of insect, hare, rock dove etc., will carry out preventing and controlling in time;
(H) moisturizing, after planting about 5 days, soybean neat seedling stage, furrow face covered fine earth keeping crop seedling from drought.Hoe pine breaks thin furrow ditch soil into pieces, prevent soil block from weighing bean seedlings wounded, a fine earth is covered in principle every 5 days furrow faces, when becoming a fine day after rain that furrow ditch soil is suitable to be ploughed, furrow face covers fine earth in time, reduces water evaporates, and in after planting 20 days, furrow face covers fine earth 4-5 time, each covering fine earth about 0.8cm, realizes earthing keeping crop seedling from drought;
(I) manage, carry out topdress, weeding, the field management such as prevention and elimination of disease and pests.
Claims (1)
1. spring watermelon stubble plantation soybean earthing keeping crop seedling from drought methods of cultivation, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
(A) stubble-cleaning, about mid or late July, stubble is risen in spring watermelon listing, retains the furrow ditch that the wide furrow face 40cm of 120cm is wide, shallow rotary tillage or the artificial dark 5-6cm of stubble-cleaning, and through stubble-cleaning whole ground, soil block fills and leads up furrow ditch, for earthing provides Tu Yuan;
(B) ward off ditch, while break soil block limit into pieces to ward off ditch, furrow face is laterally warded off seed furrow or is released seed furrow, line-spacing 30cm, ditch depth about 5cm with hoe;
(C) water, in seed furrow, water vola water;
(D) sow, sow immediately after watering, seeding quantity is based on July 10 1.4 ten thousand, and every late sowing one day seeding quantity increases by 5%, and the highest seeding quantity is 2.8 ten thousand;
(E) lid kind, covers kind without open fire, Soybean Species upper cover fine earth about 3cm in seed furrow immediately;
(F) earthing, while break soil block limit into pieces to cover fine earth, accomplishes furrow face seed furrow to be can't see the wet soil of print, thick about the 3-4cm of fine earth on Soybean Species;
(G) keep a full stand of seedings, before and after the neat seedling of soybean, prevent and treat the tender seedlings of injury such as insect, hare, rock dove;
(H) moisturizing, covers a fine earth every 5 days furrow faces after soybean planting in principle, and after rain, soil furrow face when ploughing of fitting covers fine earth in time, reduce water evaporates, in after planting 20 days, furrow face covers fine earth 4-5 time, and each covering fine earth about 0.8cm, realizes earthing keeping crop seedling from drought;
(I) manage, carry out daily field management.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105794461A (en) * | 2016-03-25 | 2016-07-27 | 山西省农业科学院经济作物研究所 | Sesame drought resistant and seedling protecting cultivation method |
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| CN105794461A (en) * | 2016-03-25 | 2016-07-27 | 山西省农业科学院经济作物研究所 | Sesame drought resistant and seedling protecting cultivation method |
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