CN1044571A - Process of cultivation of edible fungi raw material - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention has designed a kind of process of cultivation of edible fungi raw material.The characteristics of this technology are, handle bacterial classification with plant hormone, prepare nutritious composts or fertilisers of cultivating, strengthen inoculum concentration.This technology suitable cultivation multiple eating bacterium.

Handle bacterial classification with plant hormone by the concentration that various edible mushrooms adapt to, strengthen the mycelial growth vigor, lay the foundation for cultivating healthy and strong mycelia.Prepare nutritious composts or fertilisers of cultivating, output is improved be guaranteed.Strengthen inoculum concentration, the composts or fertilisers of cultivating with long saturating mycelia repeats to add new composts or fertilisers of cultivating, makes success rate reach 100%, and reliable assurance has been arranged.

Description

Process of cultivation of edible fungi raw material

The invention relates to a technology of reform cultivation of edible fungi raw material.

The objective of the invention is: on the basis of former raw material cultivation, stabilize and increase the cultivation success rate; Improve output; Reduce cost; Increase the cultivation in raw material kind, make the kind of some original not easy-to-use cultivation in raw material successes, can use cultivation in raw material.

Originally in cultivation of edible fungi raw material, had only a few kind, the cultivation success rate is extremely unstable, and yields poorly and shakiness.A lot of people were once arranged aspect raising output and stable success rate, done a large amount of development tests.Mainly be to add chemicals to suppress varied bacteria growing (as adding carbendazim etc.) and utilize the not abundant composts or fertilisers of cultivating of some nutrient components to cultivate.The disadvantage of these methods is a lot.Though chemicals can suppress varied bacteria growing, simultaneously some edible fungi growths also there is inhibitory action, high temperature season especially, effect is also unreliable.When utilizing the abundant roasting nutriment of nutrient component to cultivate, output is very low, and the economic benefit utmost point is inconsiderable.So above method fails thoroughly to overcome the above problems.Also the somebody in the cultural hypha stage, increases Air permenbility, and the cellular plastic bag stereo cultivation technology as supply and marketing cooperative scientific research institution, Shandong Province promotes has played some effects, but also failed thoroughly to deal with problems.

As in the cultivation in raw material of flat mushroom, add a small amount of nutritious raw material (wheat bran, corn flour, bean flour, soya-bean cake, cottonseed cake, colza cake, groundnut cake etc.), output improves comparatively obvious, it is a lot of that pollution rate is improved, especially high temperature season is even more serious, even all pollutes, and causes total crop failure.Even so, nutritious raw material, addition do not reach rationally, and be also on the low side.If can be increased to rational consumption, the increase of production amplitude can increase.So cultivation in raw material is prepared nutritious, the rational composts or fertilisers of cultivating of ratio, and it is not polluted, success rate reaches 100%, is the problem of being badly in need of solution.The invention solves above problem.Cultivation in raw material has grog to cultivate unapproachable advantage again, be not subjected to high temperature action as saving of labor, energy savings, nutriment and destroy, output is high.So,, also will be that fungus growing technique is needed with the edible mushroom of the more kinds of cultivation in raw material.The present invention can make raw material be difficult for the successful kind of cultivation with the cultivation in raw material success, as hedgehog hydnum, glossy ganoderma, sliding mushroom, Asparagus etc.

Task of the present invention is to design a kind of new planting technique. Prepare nutritious, the rational compost of ratio, under the common management condition, the cultivation in raw material success rate is stabilized in 100%, output increases by 1～3 times than original planting technique, and this planting technique can make the former edible fungus variety of serving, and is difficult for cultivating successfully with raw material, also can cultivate success.

The present invention adopts following method to finish.(1) use plant hormone to handle bacterial classification.The solid spawn that produces according to a conventional method drawn out from bottle or in other container break (about 1 centimetre of diameter) into pieces with one's fingers.With plant hormone (as triacontanol, GA, methyl etc.), by adapting to the concentration obtain solution that edible mushroom is used, spray in the bacterial classification and mix thoroughly, the solution straying quatity is 1～2% of a bacterial classification weight, stimulate the mycelium energy metabolism, quicken absorption, the conversion of nutriment, impel that after planting mycelial growth is vigorous, healthy and strong, growing power, anti-different power strengthen.(2) nutritious, the rational composts or fertilisers of cultivating of ratio of preparation.Crop tangerine bar with 80～90%, cot, wood chip, cotton stalk powder, beans tangerine powder, waste cotton flower, weeds powder, peanut shell, corn tangerine powder, maize cob meal, bluish dogbane bar powder, broken wheat straw, vinasse, cotton seed hulls or bagasse etc., best several mixing are used.Again according to circumstances, add 10～20% wheat bran, rice bran or cake class (cottonseed cake, soya-bean cake, groundnut cake, colza cake etc.),, can suitably increase and decrease according to the temperature height.Subtract when temperature is high, temperature increases when low.1% sucrose, 1% gypsum, 0.5% compound trace element fertilizer and growth hormone (potassium dihydrogen phosphate, Cobastab ₁, urea, glucose, magnesium sulfate, boric acid, starch, zinc sulphate, monosodium glutamate etc.), or directly add mushroom roberant.Little fertilizer and growth hormone want several mixing to use, and are not used alone.The spice amount of water is grasped at the double centner siccative, adds 150～170 kg water and is advisable.Add water and lacked and yield poorly, added water many mycelial growth slow, growing way is not prosperous.Spice must be even, must guard against and do the gentle inequality of wet not even various raw materials.(3) strengthen inoculum concentration, performance cultivation advantage guarantees pure bacterium cultivation.Ready bacterial classification, in container, draw out and break weigh standby (weight in wet base) into pieces with one's fingers earlier.In the ratio preparation of above introduction and the composts or fertilisers of cultivating (dry weight) of bacterial classification identical weight.Behind the composts or fertilisers of cultivating poach, the bacterial classification of getting ready is got 1/2nd, mix with composts or fertilisers of cultivating and mix thoroughly, be layered on the cultivation bed.Thickness is decided on the temperature height, will approach when temperature is high, otherwise thick, thickness changes in 10～15 cm range.80～100 centimetres of stone width, length are looked cultivation bed length, determine with easy to operate.Stone requires loose, does not press too in fact, to increase the air capacity in the material.Because edible mushroom belongs to aerobe, suitably increase the air capacity in the material, can make mycelial growth rate quickening, vigorous, healthy and strong.(preparation of cultivation bed can be used the tier rack type cultivation bed in the cultivating champignon, or directly gets final product at general cold bed or shop, flooring thin film stone).After composts or fertilisers of cultivating is completed, all the other bacterial classifications of 1/2nd are broadcasted sowing equably in the material surface, cover film then completely, cultivate according to a conventional method.Incubation time is 1/4th to 1/3rd of a former technology, even also will lack, and mycelia will all be covered with composts or fertilisers of cultivating.Continue after mycelia is long saturating to cultivate, immediately the composts or fertilisers of cultivating of these long saturating mycelia is started to break into pieces with one's fingers and weigh, with the method for handling for the first time bacterial classification, after handling with plant hormone, the bacterial classification of using as next spice.Spice sowing for the second time is as the bacterial classification of sowing for the second time usefulness the composts or fertilisers of cultivating of the saturating mycelia of first vice-minister with for the first time.But remember the important in weight in wet base calculating of accurate bacterial classification, batching is calculated by dry weight.Bacterial classification is handled with plant hormone solution earlier.Batching accounts for 80～90% by crop tangerine bar cot, bran chaff or cake class 10～20%, sugar 1%, gypsum 1%, little fertilizer or help strong plain 0.5%, material-water ratio 1: 1.5～1.7.Earlier 1/2nd of bacterial classification is added in the composts or fertilisers of cultivating of mixing during sowing and mix thoroughly, remaining 1/2nd surfaces of sowing equably at composts or fertilisers of cultivating.The requirement stone is loose.The general as above important spice of method 3～5 times.It is 1: 10 that originally general planting technique requires the bacterial classification and the ratio number of siccative, and this technology repeats 3 times and mixes the system composts or fertilisers of cultivating, and the comparable former technology of bacterial classification consumption saves 1/3rd.Example: use the double centner bacterial classification, former technology can be sowed 1000 kilograms of dried composts or fertilisers of cultivating.As by this technological operation, admix dried composts or fertilisers of cultivating double centner for the first time, 350 kilograms of bacterial classifications (double centner bacterial classification, the dried composts or fertilisers of cultivating of double centner, 150 kg water) must wet behind the long saturating mycelia.Admix for the second time 350 kilograms of dried composts or fertilisers of cultivating, long saturating mycelia 1225 kilograms of the bacterial classifications (350 kilograms of bacterial classifications, 350 kilograms of dried composts or fertilisers of cultivating, 525 kg water) that must wet.Admix 1225 kilograms of dried composts or fertilisers of cultivating for the third time.Like this, the double centner bacterial classification just can be sowed and add up to 1675 kilograms dried composts or fertilisers of cultivating, is 1.67 times of former planting technique sowing siccative.Incubation time is also than original shortening, as original with plastic sack and cold bed to the cultivation of piece formula, under the normothermic situation, sent out in 30 days mycelia saturating.And behind the each spice of this technology, sent out in 6～9 days mycelia saturating.Calculate for 3 times, summation 18～27 days can be saved 3～12 days.Under the spread effect of plant hormone, composts or fertilisers of cultivating is nutritious, and seeding quantity is big again, and mycelial growth is had the advantage all the time.Mycelial growth time is short, and growing way is vigorous especially, so needn't admix the chemicals of carbendazim or other inhibition varied bacteria growing, has both saved cost, has avoided the inhibitory action of these medicines to the hypha of edible fungus growth again.Originally be difficult for the successful hedgehog hydnum of cultivation, glossy ganoderma, Asparagus, sliding mushroom etc. with raw material, nutritious because of this technology batching, mycelial growth is vigorous, and anti-different power is strong, so by the cultivation of this process, success rate also is not less than the grog cultivation.So suitable cultivation multiple eating bacterium of the present invention, and the cultivation of production ratio grog increases.The composts or fertilisers of cultivating that covers with mycelia, be pressed into piece at last, pack, bottle, break into bacterial spawn, bacterium wall etc., can choose wantonly as required.Deng mycelia heal good after, carry out the routine management of producing mushroom of preserving moisture again.Can the plane cultivation, but vertical cultivation again.But should be noted that: utilize this process just to turn out healthy and strong pure mycelium, established critical basis for cultivating success and high yield.So the management of fruit body production phase must not be careless and inadvertent, the conscientious management talent high yield of succeeing at last.

Rationale of the present invention is, in cultivation of edible fungi raw material, mainly be to utilize the anti-opposite sex of pure bacterium and inoculum concentration to be unfavorable for greatly under the condition of other varied bacteria growing, control artificial management condition (as nutrition, temperature, air, light, pH value etc.), help the hypha of edible fungus growth, decompose composts or fertilisers of cultivating, make the mycelial growth desired material, turn out vigorous mycelium, just can obtain the output height, fruiting is neat, the measured edible mushroom commodity of matter fruit body.So the present invention stimulates mycelial growth with plant hormone, prepare nutritious composts or fertilisers of cultivating, created sufficient condition for cultivating vigorous mycelium, strengthen inoculum concentration then, make edible mushroom mycelium occupy stronger growth vigor, cover with whole composts or fertilisers of cultivating rapidly, obtain high yield at last.Because the cultivation of edible mushroom though pure bacterium is cultivated comparatively ideal, in actual conditions, but is to utilize external condition, as control temperature, humidity, ventilation, adjustment pH value, increasing inoculum concentration etc.Performance cultivation advantage, the pure bacterium dominant growth that assurance is cultivated, the reason research success of acquisition fruit body high yield.

Little fertilizer can adopt following prescription:

1. methyl 5 grams, magnesium sulfate 125 grams, boric acid 75 grams, zinc sulphate 100 grams, starch 195 restrain.This prescription is " mushroom growth regulator " prescription that safe chemical plant, Shanghai International Automobile City Tourist Festival county side produces.

2. potassium dihydrogen phosphate 200 grams, glucose 150 grams, boric acid 30 restrain, magnesium sulfate 120 restrains, Cobastab ₁50.

3. monosodium glutamate 50 restrains, and urea 250 grams, zinc sulphate 50 grams, boric acid 30 grams, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 40 grams, glucose 80 restrain.

Claims (2)

1, the rational composts or fertilisers of cultivating of the nutritious ratio of preparation is characterized in that:

A, add raw material, surpass 2～3 times of conventional amount used than horn of plenty,

B and added little fertilizer and growth hormone.

2, strengthen inoculum concentration, performance cultivation advantage is characterized in that:

The total consumption of a, bacterial classification reduces, and the ratio of bacterial classification and siccative is 10 times of former technology on the contrary during sowing,

Though b repeatedly repeats to add new composts or fertilisers of cultivating, total incubation time can't prolong, and shortens on the contrary.