CN104429236B - A kind of crushed stalk cleaning no-tillage essence amount corn drill - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a straw crushing and cleaning no-tillage precision corn seeder, which includes a suspension frame, a transmission device, a crushing device, a support frame, a fertilization device, and a seeding device. The transmission device includes a gearbox, a driving pulley and a passive pulley. The pulley transmits power to the crushing device. The crushing device includes a knife shaft with a crushing knife and a guide wheel. The front end of the inner wall of the casing is provided with a bend, and the rear end of the inner wall of the casing is provided with a deflector. The deflector is from top to bottom. The bottom gradually widens in the shape of a quadrangular pyramid. After the straw and wheat stubble are crushed, they are diverted to both sides or one side through the deflector. The connecting rod mechanism is set at the rear end of the support frame. Straw crushing and cleaning, fertilization and sowing can be realized together. Straw and wheat stubble crushing can improve the sowing environment, and the sowing speed is faster and the effect is better. On the strip after the deflector plate cleans the straw Sow corn so that the corn seedlings will not be harmed by the two-spotted armyworm.

Description

No-tillage precision corn planter for straw crushing and cleaning

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery and equipment, and in particular relates to a straw crushing and cleaning no-tillage precision corn planter.

Background technique

In the double-cropping area of wheat and corn rotation, after the wheat is harvested, the stubble of wheat remains in the field. The existence of stubble will reduce the sowing effect and quality of corn, and some wheat straw will cover the field. In addition to living places, the second-spot moth is particularly harmful to corn at the seedling stage. Sowing corn in a field with straw will have an adverse effect on the growth of corn. Therefore, it is necessary to crush the stubble and straw when sowing corn, and The place where corn is sown cannot be covered with wheat straw, so as not to breed pests that are unfavorable to the growth of corn seedlings.

Utility model invention content

The present invention provides a straw crushing and cleaning no-tillage precision corn planter. The planter can crush the straw and divert the crushed straw to both sides or one side to form a strip of corn sowing. There is no A large number of stalks are covered, so that the corn seedlings will be protected from the influence of spodopterygii when growing, and the sowing environment in the sowing field will be improved, and the sowing quality and speed of corn can be improved.

Concrete technical scheme of the present invention is:

A straw crushing and cleaning no-tillage precision corn planter includes a suspension frame, a support frame and a seeding device. The rear end of the suspension frame is fixedly connected to the front end of the support frame. A set of supporting legs protruding horizontally backwards, each supporting leg group includes two supporting legs, a ground wheel is arranged through a bearing between the two supporting legs, and the seeding device is arranged at the rear end of the supporting frame. There is also a transmission device, a crushing device and a fertilizing device between the seeding device. The output end of the transmission device is connected to the input end of the crushing device. At the rear end of the support frame, the transmission device includes a gearbox, a driving pulley and a passive pulley. The gearbox is fixed on the upper end of the casing, and the driving pulley and the passive pulley are fixed on the side of the casing. Connection, the driving pulley and the passive pulley rotate through the belt; the crushing device includes a cutter shaft and a guide wheel. The shell is connected with the passive pulley, the guide wheel is located at the front end of the shell, the two ends of the guide wheel are connected with the end faces of both sides of the front end of the shell through bearings, and a plurality of deflectors are arranged on the inner wall of the rear end of the shell, and the deflectors are arranged from top to bottom The cross-sectional area gradually increases in the shape of a quadrangular pyramid; the rear end of the support frame is provided with a vertically arranged movable frame corresponding to the deflector and parallel to each other, and the seeding device is arranged in the movable frame.

The outer peripheral surface of the cutter shaft is provided with a plurality of crushing knives on the circumference corresponding to the deflector, the connecting mode of the crushing knives and the cutter shaft is hinged, and the inner wall of the front end of the casing is provided with a plurality of bends.

The fertilization device includes a fertilizer box, a sheave and a fertilizing shovel, the fertilizer box is arranged at the upper end of the casing, the sheave is arranged at the lower end of the fertilizer box, a pipeline is arranged below the sheave to connect with the fertilizing shovel, and the fertilizing shovel is fixed behind the support frame At the bottom of the end, the fertilizing shovel is located under the deflector, and the shaft of the grooved wheel in the fertilizing device is connected with the rotating shaft of the ground wheel through a chain transmission.

The rear end of the support frame is provided with a soil grinding wheel at the corresponding rear of the fertilizing shovel. The soil grinding wheel includes a drum and a soil grinding board. The diameter of the circular baffles on both sides of the drum is greater than the diameter of the drum. The outer peripheral surface of the drum is provided with A plurality of soil rolling boards, the soil rolling boards are arranged horizontally, the two ends of the soil rolling boards are respectively fixed to the circular baffles on both sides of the drum, and the number of the soil rolling wheels is the same as that of the fertilizing shovels.

A vertical four-bar linkage mechanism is arranged between the movable frame and the support frame, the front side of the four-bar linkage mechanism is fixed to the rear end of the support frame, and the rear side of the four-bar linkage mechanism is fixed to the front end of the movable frame.

A shock absorber is arranged between the movable frame and the support frame, and the two ends of the shock absorber are respectively fixed to the front end of the movable frame and the rear end of the support frame.

The sowing device includes a seed box, a seed meter, and a seeding shovel. The seed box is fixed on the upper end of the movable frame, and the lower end of the seed box is fixedly connected with the input end of the seed meter. Seeder, the upper end of the seeding shovel is connected to the output end of the seed metering device, the seeding shovel is fixed at the bottom of the movable frame, and a transmission is arranged between the shaft of the seed metering device and the rotating shaft of the ground wheel in the sowing device, and the rotating shaft of the ground wheel is driven by a chain. The input end of the seed meter is connected, and the shaft of the seed meter is connected with the output end of the transmission through a chain drive.

The rear end of the movable frame is provided with a plurality of soil-covering mechanisms, and the soil-covering mechanism is located at the rear of the sowing shovel. Each group of soil-covering mechanisms includes a support rod, a mounting rod and a soil-covering wheel. The support rod is vertically arranged, and the upper end of the support rod is fixed on the movable frame. There are two mounting rods and they are arranged symmetrically on both sides of the supporting rod. There are two covering wheels and they are respectively installed at the lower ends of the two mounting rods. The angle between the two covering wheels is 30-50 degrees. The included angle between the wheel and the horizontal plane is 60 to 80 degrees, and the number of soil-covering mechanisms is the same as the number of seeding shovels.

The front part of the upper end of the casing is fixedly provided with a medicine box, the lower end of the medicine box is provided with a pump, and the rear end of the movable frame is provided with a spraying device above the soil-covering mechanism. One end is fixed to the rear end of the support frame, the other end is installed with a nozzle, and the pump and the adjustment rod are connected by a hose.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the present invention is provided with a pulverizing device before sowing, and the pulverizing device pulverizes the wheat stubble and wheat straw, which improves the environment of the sowing field, and will not be affected by the wheat stubble when sowing corn, so that the sowing speed is accelerated and the sowing time is improved. The quality has also been improved, and deflectors are installed after the crushing device to divert the crushed wheat straw to both sides or one side of the deflector, and a vacant strip is formed under each deflector, on which the seeds are sown The corn can prevent the corn from pests, and the growth quality of the corn is guaranteed.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a left side view of Fig. 1 .

FIG. 3 is a top view of FIG. 1 .

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the connection and transmission structure of the transmission device and the cutter shaft in Fig. 3 .

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the connection and transmission structure of the ground wheel, the fertilizing device and the seeding device in Fig. 3 .

Fig. 6 is a structural schematic diagram of the soil covering mechanism in Fig. 2 .

In the accompanying drawings, 1, suspension frame, 2, gearbox, 3, driving pulley, 4, passive pulley, 5, casing, 6, cutter shaft, 7, guide wheel, 8, deflector, 9, ground Wheel, 10, crushing knife, 11, fertilizer box, 12, grooved wheel, 13, fertilizing shovel, 14, seed box, 15, seed metering device, 16, seeding shovel, 17, transmission, 18, soil roller, 19, Support rod, 20, installation rod, 21, soil covering wheel, 22, medicine box, 23, pump, 24, adjustment rod, 25, nozzle, 26, movable frame, 27, four-bar linkage mechanism, 28, shock absorber.

detailed description

A straw crushing and cleaning no-tillage precision corn planter, comprising a suspension frame 1, a support frame and a seeding device, the rear end of the suspension frame 1 is fixedly connected to the front end of the support frame, an organic shell 5 is arranged in the support frame, and the rear end of the support frame is fixed There are two groups of support leg groups protruding horizontally backwards, each group of support leg groups includes two support legs, and a ground wheel 9 is arranged between the two support legs through bearings. The seeding device is arranged at the rear end of the support frame. 1 and the seeding device are also provided with a transmission device, a crushing device and a fertilizing device. The output end of the transmission device is connected to the input end of the crushing device. The transmission device is arranged on the upper end of the casing 5, and the crushing device is arranged inside the casing 5. The device is arranged at the rear end of the support frame. The transmission device includes a gearbox 2, a driving pulley 3 and a passive pulley 4. The gearbox 2 is fixed on the upper end of the casing 5, and the driving pulley 3 and the passive pulley 4 are fixed on the casing 5. On the side, the output end of the gearbox 2 is connected with the driving pulley 3, and the driving pulley 3 and the driven pulley 4 are rotated and matched by the belt; The two ends of the shaft 6 are connected to the end faces on both sides of the casing 5 through bearings, one end of the cutter shaft 6 protrudes from the casing 5 and is connected to the driven pulley 4, the guide wheel 7 is located at the front end of the casing 5, and the two ends of the guide wheel 7 are connected to the casing through bearings 5. The two sides of the front end are connected, and the inner wall of the rear end of the casing 5 is provided with a plurality of deflectors 8. The deflectors 8 are in the shape of a quadrangular pyramid whose cross-sectional area gradually increases from top to bottom; Plate 8 corresponds to vertically arranged movable frames 26 parallel to each other, and the seeding device is arranged in movable frames 26 .

Specific embodiments, as shown in Figures 1 to 6, the corn planter relies on tractor traction, and the drive shaft of the tractor is connected with the drive shaft of the corn planter to transmit power to the transmission device of the planter, and the transmission device passes through the passive The pulley 4 transmits power to the cutter shaft 6, the suspension frame 1 of the tractor pulls the planter to run, the cutter shaft 6 rotates, and the wheat straw and stubble on the ground surface are rolled into the casing 5, and the outer peripheral surface of the cutter shaft 6 is on the deflector 8, a plurality of crushing knives 10 are arranged on the corresponding circumference, and the connection mode between the crushing knives 10 and the cutter shaft 6 is hinged. Cooperate with pulverizing the wheat straw, then the pulverized wheat straw slides down along the both sides of the deflector 8 and accumulates on the two sides below the deflector 8 .

Ground wheel 9 is installed in the supporting leg of support frame rear end, along with tractor traction suspension frame 1 operation, ground wheel 9 also rolls and runs on the ground, and support frame rear end is provided with fertilization device, and fertilization device comprises fertilizer box 11, groove The wheel 12 and the fertilizing shovel 13, the fertilizer box 11 is arranged on the upper end of the casing 5, the grooved wheel 12 is arranged on the lower end of the fertilizer box 11, a pipeline is arranged below the grooved wheel 12 to connect with the fertilizing shovel 13, and the fertilizing shovel 13 is fixed on the bottom of the support frame. The fertilizing shovel 13 is located below the deflector 8, and the shaft of the sheave 12 in the fertilization device is connected with the rotating shaft of the ground wheel 9 through a chain transmission. With the rotation of the ground wheel 9, the shaft of the sheave 12 is driven to rotate, and the sheave 12 turns the fertilizer box The fertilizer in 11 is brought to the top of the fertilizing shovel 13, and then the fertilizer reaches the field where the fertilizing shovel 13 passes along the pipeline. The diameter of the circular baffles on both sides of the drum is larger than the diameter of the drum, and there are multiple mud boards on the outer circumference of the drum. The mud boards are arranged horizontally. Baffle plate is fixed, and soil grinding wheel 18 is identical with 13 numbers of fertilizing shovels.

Vertical four-bar linkage mechanism 27 is provided between movable frame 26 and support frame, and the front side of four-bar linkage mechanism 27 is fixed with the rear end of support frame, and the rear side of four-bar linkage mechanism 27 is fixed with the front end of movable frame 26 , a shock absorber 28 is arranged between the movable frame 26 and the support frame, and the two ends of the shock absorber 28 are respectively fixed with the front end of the movable frame 26 and the rear end of the support frame, and the sowing device is located in the movable frame, and the sowing device comprises a seed box 14. Seed metering device 15, seeding shovel 16, seed box 14 fixed on the upper end of the movable frame, the lower end of seed box 14 is connected with the input end of seed metering device 15, and seed metering device 15 is a fingernail type corn single grain precise sowing seed metering device , the upper end of the seeding shovel 16 is connected to the output end of the seed metering device 15, and the seeding shovel 16 is fixed on the bottom of the movable frame. Connect with the input end of speed changer 17 by chain transmission, the shaft of seed metering device 15 is connected with the output end of speed changer 17 by chain drive, after fertilizing device fertilizes the field passing through, the seed metering device 15 in the sowing device carries out the discharge of corn seed Seed and sent to the field where the seeding shovel 16 passes, the transmission 17 can adjust the transmission ratio between the ground wheel 9 and the seed meter 15 to control the speed of the row of corn seeds under the seed meter 15, so that it can be controlled according to the required plant distance. Seed spacing for maize seed sowing.

After the fertilizing device has finished the fertilization operation, the fertilizing shovel 13 has turned the passing field, and the soil clods existing in the turned field affect the coverage of corn seeds, and the setting of the soil grinding wheel 18 can effectively remove the existing soil clods Crush, lay good environmental foundation for the sowing operation of sowing device in the back, after soil block is crushed by earth block 18, sowing device just can carry out sowing operation well, because four are arranged between movable frame 26 and support frame Link mechanism 27, when sowing shovel 16 runs into uneven ground, sowing shovel 16 can move up and down, and single movable frame 26 can independently move up and down, and shock absorber 28 between movable frame 26 and support frame can both It plays the role of shock absorption and can also play a position-limiting role. After the sowing device completes the sowing operation, due to the turning of the sowing shovel 16, the corn strips are not completely covered with corn seeds. Correspondingly be provided with a plurality of soil-covering mechanisms, the soil-covering mechanism is positioned at the rear of the seeding shovel 16, and every group of soil-covering mechanisms comprises a support bar 19, an installation bar 20 and a soil-covering wheel 21, and the support bar 19 is vertically arranged, and the support bar 19 upper ends are fixed on the support frame. At the rear end, there are two mounting rods 20 and are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the support rod 19. There are two soil covering wheels 21 and they are respectively installed on the lower ends of the two mounting rods 20. The angle between the two soil covering wheels 21 is 30～ 50 degrees, the angle between the soil covering wheel 21 and the horizontal plane is 60 to 80 degrees, the number of soil covering mechanisms is the same as that of the seeding shovels 16 and corresponds to the front and back of the sowing shovels one by one.

After the soil covering mechanism has finished covering the soil, the rear end of the support frame is provided with a spraying device to carry out the spraying operation on the field. The spraying device includes an adjustment rod 24 and a nozzle 25. One end of the adjustment rod 24 is fixed to the rear end of the support frame, and the other end is fixed to the rear end of the support frame. The nozzle 25 is installed, the pump and the adjustment rod 24 are connected by a hose, the upper end of the front part of the casing 5 is fixedly provided with a medicine box 22, and the lower end of the medicine box 22 is provided with a pump 23, and the pump 23 transports the pesticide to the adjustment rod 24, and finally The pesticide is sprayed above the strip-shaped fields passed by the soil-covering mechanism through the sprinkler 25. The sprinkler 25 is adjustable in spray width, and the spraying coverage area is controlled by adjusting the sprinkler 25.

In the present invention, the fertilizing device, the seeding device and the spraying device are concentrated on one seeder, which greatly saves the labor time in the process of sowing corn, and a crushing device is arranged at the front end of the seeder, and the crushing device crushes the wheat straw and stubble on the surface of the field to provide Sowing corn provides a good field environment. The deflector set at the position corresponding to the crushing knife on the rear side of the machine casing guides the crushed wheat straw to both sides, thus forming strips of wheat straw-free corn seed planting. In this way, the growth of corn seedlings can be prevented from the growth of corn seedlings caused by the breeding of the two-point moth. Adverse effects, suitable for promotion and application in related industries.

Claims (10)

1. a crushed stalk cleaning no-tillage essence amount corn drill, comprise hanger bracket (1), bracing frame and seeding apparatus, hanger bracket (1) rear end is fixedly connected with supporting framing front end, casing (5) is provided with in bracing frame, bracing frame rear end is fixedly installed the supporting leg group that two groups of levels are stretched out backward, often organize supporting leg group and comprise two supporting legs, between two supporting legs, bearing is provided with land wheel (9), seeding apparatus is arranged at bracing frame rear end, it is characterized in that: between hanger bracket (1) and seeding apparatus, be also provided with transmission device, reducing mechanism and fertilizer apparatus, the output of transmission device is connected with the input of reducing mechanism, transmission device is arranged at casing (5) upper end, it is inner that reducing mechanism is arranged at casing (5), fertilizer apparatus is arranged at bracing frame rear end, transmission device comprises gearbox (2), driving pulley (3) and passive belt wheel (4), gearbox (2) is fixed on the upper end of casing (5), driving pulley (3) and passive belt wheel (4) are fixed on casing (5) side, the output of gearbox (2) is connected with driving pulley (3), driving pulley (3) and passive belt wheel (4) are rotatably assorted by belt, reducing mechanism comprises cutter shaft (6) and guide wheel (7), it is inner that cutter shaft (6) is positioned at casing (5), cutter shaft (6) two ends are connected with casing (5) both sides end face by bearing, cutter shaft (6) one end is stretched out casing (5) and is connected with passive belt wheel (4), guide wheel (7) is positioned at casing (5) front end, guide wheel (7) two ends are connected with casing (5) both sides, front end end face by bearing, casing (5) rear end inwall is provided with multiple deflector (8), deflector (8) is the rectangular pyramid shape that increases gradually of sectional area from top to bottom, bracing frame rear end is provided with the longitudinal direction corresponding with deflector (8) and arranges and the adjustable shelf be parallel to each other (26), and seeding apparatus is arranged in adjustable shelf (26).

2. a kind of crushed stalk cleaning according to claim 1 no-tillage essence amount corn drill, it is characterized in that: described cutter shaft (6) outer circumference surface deflector (8) corresponding be circumferentially provided with multiple crushing knife (10), crushing knife (10) is hinged with the connected mode of cutter shaft (6), and casing (5) front inner wall is provided with multiple bending.

3. a kind of crushed stalk cleaning according to claim 1 no-tillage essence amount corn drill, it is characterized in that: described fertilizer apparatus comprises fertile case (11), sheave (12) and fertilizer application spade (13), fertile case (11) is arranged at casing (5) upper end, sheave (12) is arranged at fertile case (11) lower end, sheave (12) below is provided with pipeline and is connected with fertilizer application spade (13), fertilizer application spade (13) is fixed on bottom bracing frame rear end, fertilizer application spade (13) is positioned at deflector (8) rear, in fertilizer apparatus, the axle of sheave (12) is connected by Chain conveyer with the rotating shaft of land wheel (9).

4. a kind of crushed stalk cleaning according to claim 3 no-tillage essence amount corn drill, it is characterized in that: described bracing frame rear end is provided with at the rear that fertilizer application spade (13) is corresponding grinds soil wheel (18), grind soil wheel (18) comprise cylinder and grind native plate, the diameter of cylinder both sides circular baffle plate is greater than diameter of cylinder, the outer circumference surface of cylinder is provided with the native plate of multiple stone roller, grinding native plate is horizontally set, grind native plate two ends to fix with cylinder both sides circular baffle plate respectively, grind soil wheel (18) identical with fertilizer application spade (13) number.

5. a kind of crushed stalk cleaning according to claim 1 no-tillage essence amount corn drill, it is characterized in that: between described adjustable shelf (26) and bracing frame, be provided with vertical quadric chain (27), the front side of quadric chain (27) and the rear end of bracing frame are fixed, and the rear side of quadric chain (27) and the front end of adjustable shelf (26) are fixed.

6. a kind of crushed stalk cleaning according to claim 1 no-tillage essence amount corn drill, it is characterized in that: be provided with damper (28) between described adjustable shelf (26) and bracing frame, the two ends of damper (28) are fixed with the front end of adjustable shelf (26) and the rear end of bracing frame respectively.

7. a kind of crushed stalk cleaning according to claim 1 no-tillage essence amount corn drill, it is characterized in that: described seeding apparatus comprises kind of a case (14), seeding unit (15), seed sowing shovel (16), plant case (14) and be fixed on adjustable shelf upper end, the lower end of planting case (14) is fixedly connected with the input of seeding unit (15), seeding unit (15) is nail type corn single grain fine sowing seeding unit, seed sowing shovel (16) upper end is connected with seeding unit (15) output, seed sowing shovel (16) is fixed on bottom adjustable shelf, speed changer (17) is provided with between the axle of seeding unit (15) and the rotating shaft of land wheel (9) in seeding apparatus, the rotating shaft of land wheel (9) is connected by the input of chain drive with speed changer (17), the axle of seeding unit (15) is connected by the output of chain drive with speed changer (17).

8. a kind of crushed stalk cleaning according to claim 1 no-tillage essence amount corn drill, it is characterized in that: the rear end of described adjustable shelf is provided with multiple casing mechanism, casing mechanism is positioned at the rear of seed sowing shovel (16), often organize casing mechanism and comprise support bar (19), mounting rod (20) and earthing wheel (21), support bar (19) is vertically arranged, the rear end of adjustable shelf is fixed in support bar (19) upper end, mounting rod (20) is two and is symmetricly set in the both sides of support bar (19), earthing wheel (21) is two and is installed on the lower end of two mounting rods (20) respectively, angle between two earthing wheel (21) is 30 ~ 50 degree, angle between earthing wheel (21) and horizontal plane is 60 ~ 80 degree, the number of casing mechanism is identical with the number of seed sowing shovel (16).

9. a kind of crushed stalk cleaning according to claim 1 no-tillage essence amount corn drill, it is characterized in that: described casing (5) upper-end front is fixedly installed medicine-chest (22), medicine-chest (22) lower end is provided with pump (23), the rear end of adjustable shelf is provided with chemical spraying device being provided with above casing mechanism, chemical spraying device comprises adjusting lever (24) and shower nozzle (25), adjusting lever (24) one end and bracing frame rear end are fixed, other end mounting spray head (25), is connected by flexible pipe between pump and adjusting lever (24).

10. a kind of crushed stalk cleaning according to claim 1 no-tillage essence amount corn drill, is characterized in that: the number of described deflector (8) is four.