CN206776007U - A kind of no-tillage and cover combined seed and fertilizer drill - Google Patents

Abstract

A no-tillage mulching fertilization seeder, comprising a frame, a reduction box is arranged on the upper part of the frame, a ground wheel is installed in the middle of the frame, and an anti-blocking device is installed on the front end of the frame through a support plate. The anti-blocking device includes a cutter shaft, a fixing flange, Longitudinal cutter, L-shaped transverse cutter, several fixed flanges are set on the cutter shaft, several longitudinal cutters are arranged at equal intervals on the circumference of the fixed flange, and L-shaped transverse cutter is arranged on one of the longitudinal cutters. On the knife; on the frame behind the anti-blocking device, a ditch opener, a seed transfer device and a fertilizer transfer device are arranged in sequence, and a profiling suppression device is arranged at the rear end of the frame. The utility model adopts a stubble cutting type anti-blocking device and a profiling suppression device, which has little agitation to the soil, good suppression effect, and has the function of ground profiling, realizing no-tillage sowing in the true sense. In addition to the functions of a general no-tillage seeder, the machine should also be able to sow wheat and corn with no-tillage, and can lower the height of the seeding point when sowing corn, so as to ensure accurate hole spacing.

Description

No-tillage mulching fertilization seeder

technical field

The utility model relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, in particular to a no-tillage mulching fertilization seeder.

Background technique

Mechanized conservation tillage technology is a new type of farming technology developed in recent decades. Conservation tillage technology is a comprehensive agricultural ecological engineering technology to realize the sustainable development of agriculture in the northern arid area. It can reduce soil water erosion and wind erosion, reduce the occurrence of sandstorms, improve soil fertility, increase production, and save power consumption. It is a comprehensive agricultural ecological technology for sustainable development of dry farming.

At present, my country's no-tillage seeders mainly include disc cutter ditch opener no-tillage seeder, pointed shovel opener no-tillage seeder and strip rotary tillage no-tillage seeder. Disc cutter ditch opener no-tillage seeder has better no-tillage sowing effect, but because the current technology is not mature enough, the number of machines and tools is small; strip rotary tillage no-tillage seeder is used because of its relatively large amount of soil It is considered to be a transitional product, so the market prospect of this machine is good.

Technically speaking, conservation tillage is based on mechanization, and its core is the development of no-tillage seeders. To solve the deficiencies of the previous technology, the no-tillage mulching fertilization seeder was researched and designed by applying the blockage removal principle of driving sliding cutting straw and pressing grass between openers.

Utility model content

The technical problem to be solved by the utility model is to provide a no-tillage, mulching, fertilizing and seeding machine that is very convenient to operate, has a profiling function, and has a good anti-blocking effect in view of the shortcomings in the prior art.

Adopt following technical scheme for solving the technical problem of the present utility model:

A no-tillage mulching fertilization seeder, comprising a frame, a reduction box is arranged on the front end of the frame, a ground wheel is installed in the middle of the frame, an anti-blocking device is installed on the front end of the frame through a support plate, and the anti-blocking device The device includes a knife shaft, a fixed flange, a longitudinal cutter, and an L-shaped transverse cutter. Equidistantly arranged on the circumference of the fixed flange, the L-shaped transverse cutter is arranged on one of the longitudinal cutters; a ditch opener, a seed delivery device and a fertilizer delivery device are arranged in sequence on the frame behind the anti-blocking device, The rear end of the frame is provided with a profiling suppression device.

The profiling suppressing device includes several suppressing wheels, the suppressing wheels include a left suppressing wheel and a right suppressing wheel, the left suppressing wheel and the right suppressing wheel are installed on the suppressing wheel shaft, and the suppressing wheel shaft is connected to one end shaft of the suppressing wheel support frame Then, the other end of the support frame of the suppression wheel is connected to the installation plate through a pin, and the installation plate is arranged at the rear end of the frame; a spring rod pin is installed in the middle of the support frame of the suppression wheel, and the spring support rod pin is connected with the spring guide One end of the rod is connected, the other end of the spring guide rod passes through the spring limiting cylinder, a spring is set on the spring guide rod between the spring rod pin and the spring limiting cylinder, and the spring passing through the spring limiting cylinder A plurality of limit holes are arranged on the guide rod, and the limit holes are matched with the limit pins; the spring limit cylinder is connected with the profiling support frame through the spring limit cylinder pin, and the upper end of the profiling support frame is connected with the installation Board fixed connection.

The circumferential surfaces of the left pressing wheel and the right pressing wheel are provided with raised bar-shaped hemispherical bosses.

The seed infusion device includes a seed infusion box, the inoculation box is connected to the lower part of the inoculation box, and a seed infusion shaft is arranged in the inoculation box, and the infusion shaft is linked with the ground wheel, and the infusion sheave is installed on the seed infusion shaft and a fixed sheave, the lower end of the inoculation box communicates with the seed delivery pipe.

The fertilizer delivery device includes a fertilizer delivery box, the fertilizer delivery box is connected to a fertilizer receiver below, and a fertilizer delivery shaft is arranged in the fertilizer delivery device, and the fertilizer delivery shaft is linked with the ground wheel, and the fertilizer delivery shaft is installed with a fertilizer delivery shaft. The sheave and the fixed sheave for fertilizer delivery, and the lower end of the fertilizer receiver communicates with the fertilizer delivery pipe.

The upper end of the opener is provided with a height adjustment device.

The lower end of the fertilizer delivery pipe is 3-4cm higher than the lower end of the seed delivery pipe.

The tool of the utility model adopts a novel stubble-cutting anti-blocking device and a profiling suppression device, which have little agitation to the soil, good suppression effect, and the ground profiling function, realizing no-tillage sowing in the true sense. In addition to the functions of a general no-tillage seeder, the machine should also be able to sow wheat and corn without-tillage, and can reduce the height of the seeding point when sowing corn, so as to ensure accurate hole spacing. It can also perform the function of shallow loosening before sowing. It can not only cut off the crop stalks, but also cut the crop root system, and can prevent the crop stalks from being entangled on the ditch opener, resulting in blocked soil. The seeds and fertilizer can be applied to the soil separately, and there is a 3cm soil layer between the seeds and the fertilizer. The anti-blocking device can not only work reliably, but also play a role of safety protection and prevent damage to working parts when overloaded. It can not only sow wheat when the corn stalks are upright, but also sow corn in high stubble fields, thereby greatly reducing the number of tractors entering the field, reducing operating costs and labor intensity.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the utility model;

Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the profiling suppression device of the utility model;

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the seed delivery device and the fertilizer delivery device of the utility model;

Fig. 4 is a structural schematic diagram of the anti-blocking device of the present invention.

detailed description

The principles and features of the present utility model are described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and the examples given are only used to explain the utility model, and are not used to limit the scope of the utility model.

As shown in Figures 1 to 4, a no-tillage mulching and fertilizing planter includes a frame 18, a reduction box 9 is arranged on the upper part of the front end of the frame 18, and the suspension points on the left pole 12 and the right pole 19 of the speed reduction box 9 are aligned with the The suspension points on the reduction box 9 form a three-point suspension 10, and the three-point suspension 10 is connected with power mechanisms such as tractors. Ground wheel 7 is installed in frame 18 middle parts.

The front end of frame 18 is equipped with anti-blocking device 8 by support plate 13, and anti-blocking device 8 rear frame 18 is provided with ditch opener 5, seed delivery device and fertilizer delivery device successively. The upper part of the opener 5 is provided with a height adjustment device, and the upper part of the opener is fixed in the adjustment sleeve by tightening screws. The position adjustment device is composed of a fixing plate and an adjusting sleeve. The U-shaped card is fixed on the frame 18, and the top of the ditch opener is fixed in the adjusting sleeve by the tightening screw. An anti-blocking device shield 11 is arranged above the anti-blocking device 8 , and the anti-blocking device shield 11 is arranged on the frame 18 . Anti-blocking device 8 comprises cutter shaft 8-5, fixed flange 8-4, longitudinal cutter 8-1, L-shaped transverse cutter 8-2, and cutter shaft 8-5 is installed on the frame by support plate 13; The output shaft of the box 9 is linked with the cutter shaft 8-5, several fixed flanges 8-4 are set on the cutter shaft 8-5 at equal intervals, and three longitudinal cutters 8-1 are fixed at equal intervals on the fixed flange 8-4. On the circumference, the L-shaped transverse cutter 8-2 is fixed on one of the longitudinal cutters 8-1; the blade of the L-shaped transverse cutter 8-2 is perpendicular to the blade of the longitudinal cutter 8-1. When the unit is working, the power output shaft of the tractor drives the 9 input shafts of the reduction box to rotate, and the 9 gears of the reduction box drive the cutter shaft 8-5 to rotate, and the rotating longitudinal cutter 8-1 and L-shaped horizontal cutter 8-2 will cut the crop (Corn, wheat) stalks are pressed to the surface, and the vertical cutter 8-1 and the L-shaped horizontal cutter 8-2 are cut under the support of the surface, and the vertical cutter 8-1 and the L-shaped horizontal cutter 8-2 are further cut. The soil cuts through the roots of the crop. Since the longitudinal cutter 8-1 is equipped with an L horizontal cutter 8-2, the loose soil surface of the whole anti-blocking device 8 is widened, the stubble cutting surface is widened, and the cutting surface of the root system is also widened, so that the stalks ahead are widened. The stubble and root system are cut off, so that a strip-shaped loose soil surface appears. When the openers 5 pass through, the straw between the openers 5 will not be blocked by the openers, thereby improving the passage of the openers. At the same time, because the straw between the openers is not pulled and remains in place, after sowing and covering with soil, there are few straws covered on the seedbed, which is beneficial to increase the ground temperature and early emergence of seedlings. The height of the whole anti-blocking device 8 on the support plate 13 is determined by the positions of the mounting holes on the support plate 13. There are multiple groups of mounting hole positions on the support plate 13, so as to be suitable for different working conditions and different sowing.

The infusion device comprises a seed infusion box 4, the inoculation box 4-3 is connected to the inoculation box 4 below, and a seed inoculation shaft 16 is arranged in the inoculation box 4-3, and the seed infusion shaft 16 is installed with a seed infusion sheave 4-4 and a fixed sheave 4 -2, the lower end of the inoculation box 4-3 is connected to the seed delivery pipe 4-1. When implement advances, frictional force drives ground wheel 7 to rotate, and ground wheel 7 drives ground wheel axle to rotate, and ground wheel axle drives its upper sprocket to rotate, and power is sent to be installed on the sprocket wheel 15 on the seed infusion shaft 16 right-hand sides by chain 15. Thereby drive the seeding shaft 16 to rotate, and the seeding shaft 16 rotates to drive the seeding sheave 4-4 to rotate, thereby adjusting the seeding speed according to the forward speed of the implement, and adjusting the seeding at the left end of the seeding shaft 16 according to specific working conditions and sowing requirements. Adjust the handle, adjust the handle to change the exposed length of the seeding sheave 4-4, and complete the adjustment of the amount of seeding. By adjusting the positions of the seeding sheave 4-4 and the fixed sheave 4-2, each seeding sheave The exposed lengths of 4-4 are equal, so that the seed delivery volume of each seed injector is the same, so that the seed delivery volume of each seed delivery channel is the same, and the seed delivery volume and seed delivery speed are adjusted according to specific working conditions and sowing requirements.

The fertilizer delivery device includes a fertilizer delivery box 3, the bottom of the fertilizer delivery box 3 is connected to a fertilizer receiver 3-1, and a fertilizer delivery shaft 2 is arranged in the fertilizer delivery box 3-1, and the fertilizer delivery shaft 2 is installed with a fertilizer delivery sheave 3-4 and a fertilizer delivery device. The fixed sheave 3-3 is connected with the fertilizer delivery pipe 3-5 at the lower end of the fertilizer device 3-1. When the implement moves forward, the frictional force drives the ground wheel 7 to rotate, the ground wheel 7 drives the ground wheel shaft to rotate, the ground wheel shaft drives the upper sprocket to rotate, and the power is passed through the chain to the sprocket installed on the left end of the fertilizer transmission shaft 2, thereby driving The fertilizer feeding shaft 2 rotates, and the rotation of the fertilizer feeding shaft 2 drives the fertilizer feeding groove wheel 3-4 to rotate, thereby adjusting the fertilizer feeding speed according to the forward speed of the implement, and adjusting the fertilizer feeding adjustment handle 17 at the left end of the fertilizer feeding shaft according to specific working conditions and fertilization requirements , adjust the handle to change the exposed length of each fertilizer delivery sheave 3-4, and complete the adjustment of the fertilizer delivery amount. By adjusting the positions of the fertilizer delivery sheave 3-4 and the fertilizer delivery fixed sheave 3-3, each fertilizer delivery tank The exposed lengths of wheels 3-4 are equal, so that the amount of fertilizer delivered by each fertilizer delivery device is the same, so that the amount of fertilizer delivered by each fertilizer delivery channel is the same, and the amount of fertilizer delivered and the speed of fertilizer delivery are adjusted according to specific working conditions and fertilization requirements.

The profiling suppression device 1 includes several suppression wheels, the suppression wheels include a left suppression wheel 1-1 and a right suppression wheel 1-2, and the circumferential surfaces of the left suppression wheel 1-1 and the right suppression wheel 1-2 are provided with raised bar-shaped Hemispherical bosses to crush clods and compact fertilizer, soil and seeds. The left pressing wheel 1-1 and the right pressing wheel 1-2 are installed on the pressing wheel shaft 1-12, and the pressing wheel shaft 1-12 is pivotally connected with one end of the pressing wheel supporting frame 1-11, and the other end of the suppressing wheel supporting frame 1-11 passes through The pins are connected to the mounting plate 1-4, and the mounting plate 1-4 is arranged on the rear end of the frame 18; the spring support pin 1-3 is installed in the middle of the suppression wheel support frame 1-11, the spring support pin 1-3 and the spring guide rod 1 -6 is connected at one end, the other end of the spring guide rod 1-6 passes through the spring limit cylinder 1-5, and the spring guide rod 1-6 is set between the spring pole pin 1-3 and the spring limit cylinder 1-5 Spring 1-10, a plurality of limit holes are set on the spring guide rod 1-6 passing through the spring limit cylinder 1-5, and the limit holes cooperate with limit pins 1-7 to adapt to different working conditions and sowing , when the left pressing wheel 1-1 and the right pressing wheel 1-2 pass through the fertilizer ditch, the fertilizer, soil and seeds are compacted, so that the fertilizer, the seeds are in close contact with the soil, and the sowing operation is completed. The spring limit cylinder 1-5 is connected with the profiling support frame 1-9 through the spring limit cylinder pin 1-8, and the upper end of the profiling support frame 1-9 is fixedly connected with the mounting plate 1-4.

The rear portion of the ditch opener 5 is provided with a seed pipe 4-1 and a fertilizer pipe 3-5, the fertilizer pipe 3-5 is behind, the seed pipe 4-1 is in front, and the lower end of the fertilizer pipe 3-5 is higher than The lower end 3-4cm of infusion tube 4-1. The sharp corners of the ditch opener 5 pass through the soil cut by the anti-blocking device 8, and the seeds sent to the ditch opener 5 by the seed delivery pipe 4-1 are spread to the bottom of the ditch opened by the ditch opener 5. Under the action of the rear foot of -1, the wall of the ditch collapses, the soil covers the seeds, the fertilizer of the fertilizer delivery pipe 3-5 spreads to the upper soil, and under the action of the rear foot of the fertilizer delivery pipe 3-5, the wall of the fertilizer ditch continues to collapse , the soil covers the fertilizer, and when the pressing wheel passes through the fertilizer ditch, the fertilizer, soil and seeds are compacted, so that the fertilizer, seeds and soil are in close contact, and the sowing operation is completed.

A no-tillage mulching and fertilizing seeder machine can complete 7 processes such as stubble breaking, ditching, ridging, fertilizing, sowing, covering soil, and suppression at one time. No-tillage sowing in the sense, showing good economy, adaptability and technical reliability, good sowing quality, high working reliability, high speed, light weight, unique structure, reducing the unevenness of the ditch bottom, and good stubble removal effect , the amount of seed input in each row is uniform, the total displacement is stable, the seed breakage rate is low, and the soil structure is improved. The strip-shaped longitudinal cutter and the L-shaped cutter break the soil well, and do not disturb the soil cultivation layer. The seeds are sown at the surface 3-6cm. , does not destroy the soil water supply capillary, has a strong ability to retain moisture, and the shallow water covering the seeds can move up and down, the oxygen is relatively sufficient, and the temperature has increased, creating suitable conditions for seed germination, full seedlings, early seedlings, and strong seedlings. The seedlings emerge 4-5 days in advance of conventional sowing, so that the whole seedlings can be produced at one time. The row groove is conducive to ventilation and light transmission, and the marginal effect is obvious. In addition to the function of no-tillage sowing wheat and no-tillage corn, the height of the planting point can be reduced when sowing corn so as to ensure accurate hole spacing, and at the same time, it can be loosened before sowing. At the same time, it is easy to control diseases and insect pests and weed damage, and it is easy to topdress. The benefit of increasing production is obvious in soil quality and fertility. The machine is matched with a four-wheel tractor and is very convenient to operate. It is an ideal machine tool to solve the problem of straw blocking in conservation tillage.

The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present utility model, and are not intended to limit the present utility model. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present utility model shall be included in this utility model. within the scope of protection of utility models.

Claims (7)

1. A no-tillage mulching fertilization seeder, including a frame, a reduction box is arranged on the front end of the frame, and a ground wheel is installed in the middle of the frame, and it is characterized in that: the front end of the frame (18) passes through a support plate ( 13) An anti-blocking device (8) is installed, and the anti-blocking device (8) includes a knife shaft (8-5), a fixed flange (8-4), a longitudinal cutter (8-1), an L-shaped transverse cutter knife (8-2), the knife shaft (8-5) is installed on the frame (18) through the support plate (13), and several fixed flanges (8-4) are set on the knife shaft (8-5 ), several longitudinal cutters (8-1) are equidistantly arranged on the circumference of the fixed flange (8-4), and the L-shaped transverse cutter (8-2) is arranged on one of the longitudinal cutters ( 8-1); on the frame (18) behind the anti-blocking device (8), a ditch opener (5), a seed delivery device and a fertilizer delivery device are arranged in sequence, and a profiling device is set at the rear end of the frame (18) Repression device (1). 2. A no-tillage mulch fertilization seeder according to claim 1, characterized in that: the profiling pressing device (1) includes several pressing wheels, and the pressing wheels include left pressing wheels (1-1) and The right pressing wheel (1-2), the left pressing wheel (1-1) and the right pressing wheel (1-2) are installed on the pressing wheel shaft (1-12), and the pressing wheel shaft (1-12) is connected with the pressing wheel One end of the wheel support frame (1-11) is pivotally connected, and the other end of the suppression wheel support frame (1-11) is connected to the mounting plate (1-4) through pins, and the mounting plate (1-4) is set on the frame (18) Rear end; the spring support pin (1-3) is installed in the middle of the suppression wheel support frame (1-11), and the spring support pin (1-3) is connected with one end of the spring guide rod (1-6) connection, the other end of the spring guide rod (1-6) passes through the spring limit cylinder (1-5), and the spring rod pin (1-3) and the spring limit cylinder (1-5) A spring (1-10) is set on the spring guide rod (1-6), and a plurality of limit holes are set on the spring guide rod (1-6) passing through the spring limit cylinder (1-5). The limit hole is matched with the limit pin (1-7); the spring limit cylinder (1-5) is connected with the profiling support frame (1-9) through the spring limit cylinder pin (1-8). The upper end of the profiling support frame (1-9) is fixedly connected with the mounting plate (1-4). 3. A no-tillage mulching fertilization seeder according to claim 2, characterized in that: the circumferential surfaces of the left pressing wheel (1-1) and the right pressing wheel (1-2) are provided with raised strips shaped hemispherical boss. 4. A no-tillage mulching and fertilizing seeder according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the seed infusion device includes a seed infusion box (4), and the inoculation box ( 4-3), the inoculation box (4-3) is equipped with a seeding shaft (16), the seeding shaft (16) is linked with the ground wheel (7), and the seeding shaft (16) is installed with a seeding The grooved wheel (4-4) and the fixed grooved wheel (4-2), the lower end of the inoculation box (4-3) communicates with the seed delivery pipe (4-1). 5. A no-tillage mulching fertilization seeder according to claim 4, characterized in that: the fertilizer delivery device includes a fertilizer delivery box (3), and the fertilizer delivery box (3) is connected to a fertilizer connector (3) -1), the fertilizer receiving device (3-1) is provided with a fertilizer delivery shaft (2), the fertilizer delivery shaft (2) is linked with the ground wheel (7), and the fertilizer delivery shaft (2) is installed with a fertilizer delivery The sheave (3-4) and the fixed sheave (3-3) for fertilizer delivery, and the lower end of the fertilizer receiver (3-1) communicates with the fertilizer delivery pipe (3-5). 6. A no-tillage mulching fertilization seeder according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the upper end of the opener (5) is provided with a height adjustment device. 7. The no-tillage mulching fertilization seeder according to claim 5, characterized in that: the lower end of the fertilizer delivery pipe (3-5) is 3-4 cm higher than the lower end of the seed delivery pipe (4-1).