CN104381075B - The method of nurturing staff sowed fast by a kind of apricot - Google Patents
The method of nurturing staff sowed fast by a kind of apricot Download PDFInfo
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- CN104381075B CN104381075B CN201410606958.5A CN201410606958A CN104381075B CN 104381075 B CN104381075 B CN 104381075B CN 201410606958 A CN201410606958 A CN 201410606958A CN 104381075 B CN104381075 B CN 104381075B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/08—Immunising seed
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- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method that nurturing staff sowed fast by apricot, belong to field of plant growing technology.This breeding method comprises seed coat process, growth regulator process, disinfects, sprouts management and seedling management step.The advantages such as the present invention has not to be needed can sow seedling then through conventional lamination, and early, germination rate is high for sprouting time, and seedling growth is healthy and strong.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of plant growing technology, be specifically related to a kind of method that nurturing staff sowed fast by apricot.
Background technology
Unique flavor, the color and luster of apricot are beautiful, are loved by the people; Apricot is nutritious, economic worth is high, and in apricot flesh, carotene carotene content is about 22.4 times of apple, occupies the hat of all kinds of fruit; Almond is rich in vitamin, can inhibition cancer cell, alleviate pain caused by cancer, be the long-life type health fruit of generally acknowledging in the world, more and more by consumer is favored.Apricot originates in China, and aboundresources, of a great variety, cultivation history is long.The kind of China's apricot accounts for the world more than 2/3, and area under cultivation ranks first in the world, and there is (comprising autonomous region, municipality directly under the Central Government) distribution of apricot in nearly all province, mainly concentrates on the areas such as northeast, North China and northwest.In recent years, developing rapidly of a lot of regional apricot industry, has driven other related industries, and in local economic development, occupy very large proportion, apricot industry had both become the leading industry of local economic development, which in turn improved landscape environment and ecotope.
Apricot seed is the same with other kernel approaches seeds, there is physiological dormancy phenomenon, causes seed dormant principal element to be: the obsessional type dormancy that surrounding's covering of seed coat or embryo causes; The dormancy of seed embryo self.From Physiology and biochemistry angle, sprouting recovers seed at the metabolic activity preserved, suspend between resting stage, cell reactivation, and the running in succession of decomposition and synthesis series approach, advances the division of blastocyte succession and the process of breaking up.When cultivating apricot seedling, general needs carries out certain low temperature (2 ~ 7 DEG C) process to the seed of gathering, and Second Year sowing in spring, seed could normally be sprouted.The apricot seed dormancy phase is longer, cold stratification removes the most frequently used, the most effective method of apricot seed dormancy at present, but from the angle of nursery, this method adds somewhat to complicated processes and the administrative expenses of the front seed treatment of sowing, increase breeding work amount, limit seedling raise period, slow down breeding speed, but lamination effect is sometimes undesirable.Therefore, research seed dormancy rule, finds and breaks the seed dormant method of apricot, improves it and sprouts emergence rate, all has important practical significance for the seed selection of apricot, cultivation, fast seedling growing and raising seedling quality.At present, abolish the dormancy of apricot seed and growth of seedling effect thereof about plant hormone kind, concentration in not comparatively system comprehensively study, research object also mainly concentrates on ansu apricot, Wild Apricot and extremely early mature apricot aspect, but rarely has report to the research of cultivation apricot seed germination.
There are some researches show, adopt the nursery of plant growth regulator treatment apricot planting seed, gather at Apricot Fruit and just can obtain seedling then, but irregular, the seedling of germinateing is unearthed, uniformity difference, seedling premunition are poor, current growth end of term height of seedling only has about 30cm, also only has 30% of fresh kind, husky Tibetan type of seeding process in next year seedling to Second Year growth end of term plant height.This illustrates, although only can obtain seedling then with plant growth regulator treatment seed, raw plant is short then, and wanting gathers at Apricot Fruit obtains the high seedling of robust growth, plant then, needs to take more effective technical measures.Dormancy is the meeting market's demand of seed to complex environment, and by genotype, ripe environment, the impact of storage condition and sprouting environment, needs to take different processing methods according to dormancy Producing reason so effectively will break seed dormancy.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is on the various basis that may affect apricot sprouting and diapause factor of integrated survey, form through lot of experiments screening, this method can not only break seed dormancy, significantly improve germination rate, effective promotion stem extends, shorten apricot breeding time, and it is time saving and energy saving, simple, easy to operate, apricot of revolutionizing over sowing has to pass through the time restriction of low temperature treatment or freeze-up front tradition sowing in first winter in year, that one can be gathered at Apricot Fruit and obtained seedling then, effectively can improve germination rate again, ensure seedling quality, be convenient to the seed sprouting and rooting technology applied aborning.
Object of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: the method for nurturing staff sowed fast by a kind of apricot, it is characterized in that, it comprises the following steps:
S1. seed coat process is gone: gather fully ripe Apricot Fruit, divest kind of a core, remove pulp, seed is soaked 10 ~ 14h in 18 ~ 22 DEG C of warm water, breaks kind of a core, carefully peel off kind of a clothing subsequently, attention can not injure kind of a benevolence, particularly embryo;
S2. growth regulator process: soak by the Gibberellins solution that concentration is 80mg/L ~ 150mg/L the kind benevolence 10 ~ 15 seconds peelling off kind of clothing, then use distilled water flushing 1 ~ 2 time immediately;
S3. disinfect: soak kind of benevolence 9 ~ 12 minutes with the hydrogenperoxide steam generator that mass fraction is 5% ~ 15%, then use distilled water flushing 3 ~ 5 times;
S4. management is sprouted: be loaded in the square body nutritive cube of length of side 10cm by the matrix of sowing, embryo earthing 1 ~ 2cm, after planting water permeable, soil moisture content is made to be 60% ~ 70%, be in by nutritive cube in plastic tunnel, maintain the temperature at 20 ~ 26 DEG C, humidity is 70% ~ 85%, be placed in the environment of half the moon, wait seed germination after 15 ~ 20 days, to place it in outdoor growth under sunlight;
S5. seedling management: strengthen rich water quality management after planting transplantation of seedlings land, and prevention and elimination of disease and pests.
The matrix of described sowing is humus soil, vermiculite and perlitic mixture, and wherein weight ratio is humus soil: vermiculite: perlite=12:3:2; Described rich water quality management comprises water management and fertilizing management, namely waters in time vegetative period, and dressing fertilizer 0.1% urea 1 ~ 2 time, namely described watering in time water when soil is more dry, and fertilizer application frequency sees the concrete growing state of seedling; The way of described prevention and elimination of disease and pests is for spraying insecticide, and described insecticide is the mixture spraying 1.8% Avermectin, 2000 times of liquid, 10% Imidacloprid, 3000 times of liquid and 70% thiophanate-methyl, 1000 times of liquid.
Effect of the present invention:
(1) seedling is sowed then without conventional lamination
The apricot seed of gathering then traditionally generally needs to carry out 60 ~ 120 days cold stratifications in autumn and winter season, and Second Year sowing in spring, seed could normally be sprouted.Gibberellin of plant growth regulator can remove seed dormancy, hydrogen peroxide can promote endosperm phosphopentose metabolic pathway, for seed germination provides matter and energy, has stronger oxidisability simultaneously, various pathogen can be killed, avoid seed to be contaminated in germination process.These two kinds of medicaments are combined by the present invention, effectively replace conventional Stratificated treatment, can sow sprouting, sow 6 ~ 10 months in advance after gathering then, save seed sand and hide, preserve required a large amount of manpower and materials, significantly shorten growing-seedling period.
(2) sprouting time early and germination rate is high
Apricot seed is through conventional Stratificated treatment, and generally after planting 10 ~ 12d just starts to sprout, the uniformity difference and irregular, the seedling of germinateing is unearthed.The apricot seed germinating time of process of the present invention is relatively consistent, and after planting namely 6 ~ 7d starts to sprout, and the seed germinateed for about 8 days is all unearthed, germinate neat, seedling uniformity is higher, and average germination percentage can reach 98%, some kind germination rates can reach 100%, and mean germination gesture is 67%.
(3) seedling growth is healthy and strong
General only with gibberellin process apricot seed or the processing time longer, can cause that plant is short and small, seedling premunition is poor, current growth end of term height of seedling only has about 30cm.Also has the growth time of about 130d apart from growth end of the season after the apricot seed germination of process of the present invention, be conducive to the lignification of seedling, breaking dormancy and seed disinfection consider by the present invention, and focus on sprouting rear seedling management, ensure seedling nutrition supply, the generation of effectively pre-preventing disease and pest, can gather at Apricot Fruit and obtain the high seedling of robust growth, plant then, the average plant height of growth end of the season is 54.2cm, average single-strain fresh weight 32.5g, average diseased plant rate 8.6%.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1: the method for nurturing staff sowed fast by a kind of apricot, and it comprises the following steps:
S1. seed coat process is gone: on May 31st, 2014 gathers fully ripe Apricot Fruit, divests kind of a core, removes pulp, seed is soaked 10h in 18 DEG C of warm water, break kind of a core, carefully peel off kind of a clothing subsequently;
S2. growth regulator process: soak by the Gibberellins solution that concentration is 80mg/L the kind benevolence 10 seconds peelling off kind of clothing, then use distilled water flushing 2 times immediately;
S3. disinfect: soak kind of benevolence 9 minutes with the hydrogenperoxide steam generator that mass fraction is 5%, then use distilled water flushing 3 times;
S4. management is sprouted: matrix humus soil: vermiculite: perlite (mass ratio)=12:3:2, abundant mixing, is loaded in the nutritive cube of length of side 10cm, embryo earthing 1.5cm, after planting water permeable, make soil moisture content be 60%, nutritive cube is in plastic tunnel, maintains the temperature at 20 DEG C, humidity is 70%, be placed in the environment of half the moon, on June 10th, 2014 starts to sprout, outdoor growth under being placed on sunlight on June 28th, 2014;
S5. seedling management: strengthen rich water quality management after planting transplantation of seedlings land, water in time when vegetative period, soil was more dry, on July 20th, 2014 imposes 0.1% urea 1 time, on August 10th, 2014 sprays insecticide, and insecticide is the admixing medical solutions of 1.8% Avermectin, 2000 times of liquid, 10% Imidacloprid, 3000 times of liquid and 70% thiophanate-methyl, 1000 times of liquid.
Embodiment 2: the method for nurturing staff sowed fast by a kind of apricot, and it comprises the following steps:
S1. seed coat process is gone: on May 31st, 2014 gathers fully ripe Apricot Fruit, divests kind of a core, removes pulp, seed is soaked 12h in 20 DEG C of warm water, break kind of a core, carefully peel off kind of a clothing subsequently;
S2. growth regulator process: soak by the Gibberellins solution that concentration is 100mg/L the kind benevolence 12 seconds peelling off kind of clothing, then use distilled water flushing 1 time immediately;
S3. disinfect: soak kind of benevolence 10 minutes with the hydrogenperoxide steam generator that mass fraction is 10%, then use distilled water flushing 4 times;
S4. management is sprouted: matrix humus soil: vermiculite: perlite (mass ratio)=12:3:2, abundant mixing, is loaded in the nutritive cube of length of side 10cm, embryo earthing 1cm, after planting water permeable, make soil moisture content be 65%, nutritive cube is in plastic tunnel, maintains the temperature at 23 DEG C, humidity is 75%, be placed in the environment of half the moon, on June 10th, 2014 starts to sprout, outdoor growth under being placed on sunlight on June 25th, 2014;
S5. seedling management: strengthen rich water quality management after planting transplantation of seedlings land, water in time when vegetative period, soil was more dry, on July 20th, 2014 imposes 0.1% urea 1 time, on August 10th, 2014 sprays insecticide, and insecticide is the admixing medical solutions of 1.8% Avermectin, 2000 times of liquid, 10% Imidacloprid, 3000 times of liquid and 70% thiophanate-methyl, 1000 times of liquid.
Embodiment 3: the method for nurturing staff sowed fast by a kind of apricot, and it comprises the following steps:
S1. seed coat process is gone: on May 31st, 2014 gathers fully ripe Apricot Fruit, divests kind of a core, removes pulp, seed is soaked 14h in 20 DEG C of warm water, break kind of a core, carefully peel off kind of a clothing subsequently;
S2. growth regulator process: soak by the Gibberellins solution that concentration is 120mg/L the kind benevolence 15 seconds peelling off kind of clothing, then use distilled water flushing 2 times immediately;
S3. disinfect: soak kind of benevolence 12 minutes with the hydrogenperoxide steam generator that mass fraction is 15%, then use distilled water flushing 5 times;
S4. management is sprouted: matrix humus soil: vermiculite: perlite (mass ratio)=12:3:2, abundant mixing, is loaded in the nutritive cube of length of side 10cm, embryo earthing 2cm, after planting water permeable, make soil moisture content be 70%, nutritive cube is in plastic tunnel, maintains the temperature at 26 DEG C, humidity is 80%, be placed in the environment of half the moon, on June 10th, 2014 starts to sprout, outdoor growth under being placed on sunlight on June 28th, 2014;
S5. seedling management: strengthen rich water quality management after planting transplantation of seedlings land, water in time when vegetative period, soil was more dry, on July 20th, 2014 imposes 0.1% urea 1 time, on August 10th, 2014 sprays insecticide, and insecticide is the admixing medical solutions of 1.8% Avermectin, 2000 times of liquid, 10% Imidacloprid, 3000 times of liquid and 70% thiophanate-methyl, 1000 times of liquid.
Embodiment 4: the method for nurturing staff sowed fast by a kind of apricot, and it comprises the following steps:
S1. seed coat process is gone: on May 31st, 2014 gathers fully ripe Apricot Fruit, divests kind of a core, removes pulp, seed is soaked 12h in 20 DEG C of warm water, break kind of a core, carefully peel off kind of a clothing subsequently;
S2. growth regulator process: soak by the Gibberellins solution that concentration is 150mg/L the kind benevolence 10 seconds peelling off kind of clothing, then use distilled water flushing 2 times immediately;
S3. disinfect: soak kind of benevolence 12 minutes with the hydrogenperoxide steam generator that mass fraction is 15%, then use distilled water flushing 5 times;
S4. management is sprouted: matrix humus soil: vermiculite: perlite (mass ratio)=12:3:2, abundant mixing, is loaded in the nutritive cube of length of side 10cm, embryo earthing 2cm, after planting water permeable, make soil moisture content be 70%, nutritive cube is in plastic tunnel, maintains the temperature at 26 DEG C, humidity is 85%, be placed in the environment of half the moon, on June 10th, 2014 starts to sprout, outdoor growth under being placed on sunlight on June 30th, 2014;
S5. seedling management: strengthen rich water quality management after planting transplantation of seedlings land, water in time when vegetative period, soil was more dry, on July 20th, 2014 imposes 0.1% urea 1 time, on August 10th, 2014 sprays insecticide, and insecticide is the admixing medical solutions of 1.8% Avermectin, 2000 times of liquid, 10% Imidacloprid, 3000 times of liquid and 70% thiophanate-methyl, 1000 times of liquid.
Comparative example: conventional lamination seed (without any process) in 2013
Plant in comparative examples 1 and comparative example 1, at investigation on June 15th, 2014 germination rate, investigation on September 10th, 2014 diseased plant rate, the long and single-strain fresh weight of investigation on October 10th, 2014 plant height, the number of blade, root, basic condition is as shown in table 1.
Table 1 embodiment 1 contrasts (mean value) with plant basic condition in comparative example 1
As known from Table 1, from seedling-growing time, in the present invention, plant emerges obviously very fast; From bud ratio, the present invention is germinateed neatly, seedling is unearthed, and uniformity is high; From diseased plant rate, diseased plant rate of the present invention is low, and survival rate is high.
Correlative study and the present invention are compared, as shown in table 2.
Table 2 correlative study and contrast table of the present invention
In table 2, the present invention's concentration is that the Gibberellins solution of 80mg/L ~ 150mg/L soaks the kind benevolence 10 ~ 15S peelling off kind of clothing, soaks kind of a benevolence 9 ~ 12min with the hydrogenperoxide steam generator that mass fraction is 5% ~ 15%.
In table 2, institute's citing document is:
[1] Cao Banghua. the research of ansu apricot seed afterripening physiology and sprouting condition. forestry science and technology communication, 1999 (9): 14 ~ 16.
[2] Zhao Xiping, Liu Tiezheng, military Xiao Hong. extremely early mature apricot seed suitable treatment technique study. Shanxi Agricultural science, 2013,41 (12): 1327 ~ 1329.
[3] Wang Lei, Hai Lilikuerban, Sa draws wooden Ayniwiaer. and Wild Apricot seed is to the physiological responses of Exogenous gibberellic acid. arid zone research, 2009,26 (5): 708 ~ 712.
As can be seen from Table 2, the processing time of the present invention is short, only need process 10 ~ 15S under Gibberellins solution condition, invades bubble kind of benevolence 9 ~ 12min subsequently at 5% ~ 15% hydrogenperoxide steam generator; Start germinating time short, rudiment is fast; Germination rate is high, reaches more than 98%; Diseased plant rate is low, only only has 4% ~ 12%.
Claims (4)
1. a method for nurturing staff sowed fast by apricot, it is characterized in that, it comprises the following steps:
S1. seed coat process is gone: gather fully ripe Apricot Fruit, strip out kind of a core, remove pulp, seed is soaked 10 ~ 14h in 18 ~ 22 DEG C of warm water, breaks kind of a core, carefully peel off kind of a clothing subsequently, attention can not injure kind of a benevolence;
S2. growth regulator process: soak by the Gibberellins solution that concentration is 80mg/L ~ 150mg/L the kind benevolence 10 ~ 15 seconds peelling off kind of clothing, then use distilled water flushing 1 ~ 2 time immediately;
S3. disinfect: soak kind of benevolence 9 ~ 12 minutes with the hydrogenperoxide steam generator that mass fraction is 5% ~ 15%, then use distilled water flushing 3 ~ 5 times;
S4. management is sprouted: be loaded in the square body nutritive cube of length of side 10cm by the matrix of sowing, embryo earthing 1 ~ 2cm, after planting water permeable, soil moisture content is made to be 60% ~ 70%, be in by nutritive cube in plastic tunnel, maintain the temperature at 20 ~ 26 DEG C, humidity is 70% ~ 85%, be placed in the environment of half the moon, wait seed germination after 15 ~ 20 days, to place it in outdoor growth under sunlight;
S5. seedling management: strengthen rich water quality management after planting transplantation of seedlings open country, and prevention and elimination of disease and pests.
2. the method for nurturing staff sowed fast by a kind of apricot according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the matrix of described sowing is humus soil, vermiculite and perlitic mixture, and its weight ratio is humus soil: vermiculite: perlite=12:3:2.
3. the method for nurturing staff sowed fast by a kind of apricot according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described rich water quality management comprises water management and fertilizing management, namely waters in time vegetative period, and imposes 0.1% urea 1 ~ 2 time.
4. the method for nurturing staff sowed fast by a kind of apricot according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the way of described prevention and elimination of disease and pests is the mixture spraying 1.8% Avermectin, 2000 times of liquid, 10% Imidacloprid, 3000 times of liquid and 70% thiophanate-methyl, 1000 times of liquid.
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| CN105103712A (en) * | 2015-08-20 | 2015-12-02 | 山东省果树研究所 | Method for treating current-year sowing and seedling-raising apricot seeds with gibberellin |
| CN106818386B (en) * | 2017-03-13 | 2020-06-09 | 河北省农林科学院昌黎果树研究所 | Cultivation method of hybrid seedlings of Chinese chestnuts |
| CN107258141B (en) * | 2017-07-05 | 2021-02-02 | 北京林业大学 | Plum blossom seed germination method |
| CN113575266A (en) * | 2021-09-10 | 2021-11-02 | 河北省农林科学院石家庄果树研究所 | Method for quickly sowing and cultivating strong seedlings of apricots |
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| CN1539258A (en) * | 2003-10-27 | 2004-10-27 | 确山县豫南林果科研发展中心 | TRechnique for growing seedlings of American cross bred plummy apricot |
| CN101292616A (en) * | 2008-06-26 | 2008-10-29 | 国家林业局泡桐研究开发中心 | Method for improving fruit-bearing rate of almond apricot and armeniaca |
| JP2011135844A (en) * | 2009-12-29 | 2011-07-14 | Kaze No Midori Juku:Kk | Product for growing plant, and method for producing the same |
| CN101884295A (en) * | 2010-07-03 | 2010-11-17 | 戴传启 | Prematurity and on-tree storage technology for apricot, peach and plum fruits |
| CN102550357A (en) * | 2012-02-29 | 2012-07-11 | 山东省果树研究所 | Method for seeding and cultivating breeding plants after apricot harvest in same year |
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