CN104341357A - 一种甲氧苄啶半抗原t2制备完全抗原的方法及应用 - Google Patents
一种甲氧苄啶半抗原t2制备完全抗原的方法及应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN104341357A CN104341357A CN201410510573.9A CN201410510573A CN104341357A CN 104341357 A CN104341357 A CN 104341357A CN 201410510573 A CN201410510573 A CN 201410510573A CN 104341357 A CN104341357 A CN 104341357A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D239/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings
- C07D239/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings
- C07D239/24—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D239/28—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D239/46—Two or more oxygen, sulphur or nitrogen atoms
- C07D239/48—Two nitrogen atoms
- C07D239/49—Two nitrogen atoms with an aralkyl radical, or substituted aralkyl radical, attached in position 5, e.g. trimethoprim
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K1/00—General methods for the preparation of peptides, i.e. processes for the organic chemical preparation of peptides or proteins of any length
- C07K1/107—General methods for the preparation of peptides, i.e. processes for the organic chemical preparation of peptides or proteins of any length by chemical modification of precursor peptides
- C07K1/1072—General methods for the preparation of peptides, i.e. processes for the organic chemical preparation of peptides or proteins of any length by chemical modification of precursor peptides by covalent attachment of residues or functional groups
- C07K1/1077—General methods for the preparation of peptides, i.e. processes for the organic chemical preparation of peptides or proteins of any length by chemical modification of precursor peptides by covalent attachment of residues or functional groups by covalent attachment of residues other than amino acids or peptide residues, e.g. sugars, polyols, fatty acids
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- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- C07K14/76—Albumins
- C07K14/765—Serum albumin, e.g. HSA
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- C07K14/76—Albumins
- C07K14/77—Ovalbumin
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
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- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/795—Porphyrin- or corrin-ring-containing peptides
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
- C07K16/44—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material not provided for elsewhere, e.g. haptens, metals, DNA, RNA, amino acids
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
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- C07K19/00—Hybrid peptides, i.e. peptides covalently bound to nucleic acids, or non-covalently bound protein-protein complexes
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- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
- G01N33/531—Production of immunochemical test materials
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Abstract
一种甲氧苄啶半抗原T2制备完全抗原的方法及应用,属于生物化工技术领域。本发明的甲氧苄啶半抗原T2是利用嘧啶核一端的氨基衍生出活性羧基,经过纯化得到单一特异性结构的甲氧苄啶羧基衍生物(TMP-HS),该衍生物为甲氧苄啶半抗原T2,将半抗原T2与载体蛋白偶联后形成甲氧苄啶完全抗原。本发明的抗原或抗体可用于建立酶联免疫吸附分析方法及胶体金试纸快速检测法,从而用于快速检测食品中的甲氧苄啶残留。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种甲氧苄啶半抗原T2制备完全抗原的方法及应用,属于生物化工技术领域。
背景技术
三甲氧苄胺嘧啶(Trimethoprim,TMP),又名甲氧苄啶,和二甲氧苄胺嘧啶(Diaveridine,DVD)都是一种二氨基嘧啶类的二氢叶酸还原酶抑制剂,白色结晶型粉末,不溶于水,微溶于氯仿、乙醇、丙酮,但易溶于冰乙酸等有机酸。本身抗菌能力较弱,因此常不单独使用,但与磺胺类、呋喃类、喹诺酮类等抗生素联合使用,可大幅度增强抗生素的应用效果,可治疗鸡白痢、禽霍乱、细菌性感染等畜禽疾病。但抗生素和协同增效剂的过度使用和不合理用药,使药物过量残留于动物性食物中,从而对人体健康造成危害。我国农业部和欧盟、日本等都对TMP 在动物组织中的最大残留限量值(MRL)做出了规定,其中我国规定 TMP 的标志性残留物是其本身,其在畜禽肌肉、肝肾、脂肪以及鱼肉、皮等组织中的MRL值为 50μg/kg,欧盟明确规定其不能用于蛋类,日本规定其在鱼类、鸡组织中的 MRL 值为 50μg/kg。
TMP和DVD的结构式如下:
目前我国对TMP的检测方法主要有气相色谱法(LC)、高效液相色谱法(HPLC)、液质联用法(LC/MS)、酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)、胶体金试纸条法等,并且主要集中在HPLC和LC/MS等仪器分析方法上。尽管仪器方法是TMP检测的确证方法,但存在样品制备复杂、操作繁琐、对操作人员素质要求较高、样本前处理时间太长等缺点,导致检测成本高,周期长,无法满足大批量样本的快速筛查及现场快速检测的要求。ELISA和胶体金试纸条法属于免疫分析技术,具有较高的灵敏度和特异性,检测时对样本的纯度要求不高而且操作简便,适用于大量样本的现场快速检测。
免疫分析方法的关键在于合适的特异性抗原和抗体的获得。由于存在活性氨基基团,传统的TMP人工抗原的合成一般通过EDC法、重氮化法直接与TMP分子上的氨基偶联,再偶联载体蛋白。但由于TMP上有不止一个氨基,都能参与反应,因此得到的偶联物是一个混合物,最终通过免疫动物得到的抗体是针对这种混合物的,抗体的特异性和灵敏度会受到很大影响。而且,由于TMP结构中氨基与嘧啶核直接相连,空间位阻显著将导致免疫效果较差,所制备的抗体灵敏度不理想。
本发明的甲氧苄啶半抗原T2是利用嘧啶核一端的氨基衍生出活性羧基,经过纯化得到单一特异性结构的甲氧苄啶羧基衍生物(TMP-HS),该衍生物为甲氧苄啶半抗原T2,将甲氧苄啶半抗原T2与载体蛋白偶联后形成甲氧苄啶完全抗原。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对现有甲氧苄啶检测技术及抗原合成、相应抗体制备的不足和缺陷,提供一种甲氧苄啶半抗原T2制备甲氧苄啶完全抗原的方法和应用。
本发明的技术方案,一种甲氧苄啶半抗原T2的制备方法,
甲氧苄啶半抗原T2结构简式为:
;
步骤为:100mL三颈瓶中依次加入10mL吡啶、3.2 g对氨基苯甲酸、5mg 4-二甲氨基吡啶,60℃水浴加热磁力搅拌至溶液澄清;另以10mL 吡啶溶解2.9 g甲氧苄啶并滴加到所述三颈瓶中,继续搅拌反应3天;采用薄层色谱法,以甲醇︰四氢呋喃︰三氯甲烷体积比为1︰1︰5作为展开剂监控反应进程;减压0.092 MPa、60℃蒸馏10min将溶剂全部蒸走,得到黄色油状物;继续滴加质量体积比为10%的NaHCO3水溶液至不再产生浑浊,过滤并调节上清液在pH5.0酸性条件下重结晶析出白色固体,7500 r/min离心8min,滤饼60℃烘干即为甲氧苄啶半抗原T2。
将甲氧苄啶半抗原T2与载体蛋白偶联后制备得到甲氧苄啶完全抗原。
所述载体蛋白为牛血清白蛋白BSA、鸡卵清白蛋白OVA、匙孔血蓝蛋白KLH、血蓝蛋白LPH或人血清白蛋白HAS中的一种。
所述甲氧苄啶半抗原T2制备甲氧苄啶完全抗原的方法,制备50︰1及100︰1两种甲氧苄啶完全抗原T2-ZD-BSA,步骤为:
(1)甲氧苄啶半抗原T2的活化:将甲氧苄啶半抗原T2用DMF溶解,按甲氧苄啶半抗原T2︰盐酸摩尔比1︰2.5混合,盐酸溶液的浓度为1N,在4℃下预冷30min后,逐滴添加新配制的质量体积比为10%的亚硝酸钠溶液,以淀粉-碘化钾试纸检测呈蓝黑色,继续搅拌反应2h,得到活化的甲氧苄啶半抗原T2溶液;
(2)载体蛋白BSA溶液的配制:取BSA,樱甲氧苄啶半抗原T2︰BSA摩尔比分别为50︰1及100︰1,用0.1M pH9.6的碳酸盐缓冲液溶解,其中溶解后的BSA浓度大于3mg/mL,且碳酸盐缓冲液与DMF的体积比例为5︰1,得到BSA溶液;
(3)完全抗原的制备:将步骤(1)所得14.5mg/mL活化的甲氧苄啶半抗原T2溶液1mL慢速滴加到步骤(2)所得22mg/mL BSA溶液1.5mL及3mL中,室温下反应12h;用PBS缓冲液透析3天,期间换水8次,即得到50︰1及100︰1的两种甲氧苄啶完全抗原T2-ZD-BSA。
所述甲氧苄啶半抗原T2制备甲氧苄啶完全抗原的方法,制备免疫原T2-GA-BSA及包被原T2-GA-OVA的步骤为:
(1)甲氧苄啶半抗原T2的活化:将甲氧苄啶半抗原T2用DMF溶解,按甲氧苄啶半抗原T2︰戊二醛反应摩尔比为1︰1.5,在4℃下,搅拌反应2h,再在室温25℃下反应12h,得到活化的甲氧苄啶半抗原T2溶液;
(2)载体蛋白溶液的配置:取BSA及OVA,甲氧苄啶半抗原T2︰BSA/OVA的摩尔比均为100︰1,用0.1M pH9.6的碳酸盐缓冲液溶解,其中溶解后的蛋白浓度大于3mg/mL,且碳酸盐缓冲液与DMF的体积比例为5︰1,得到载体蛋白BSA/OVA溶液;
(3)甲氧苄啶完全抗原的制备:将步骤(1)制备的14.5mg/mL活化的甲氧苄啶半抗原T2溶液1mL,慢速滴加到步骤(2)制备的22mg/mL蛋白BSA溶液1.5mL及OVA溶液3mL中,室温下反应24h,用PBS缓冲液透析3天,期间换水8次,即得到甲氧苄啶免疫原T2-GA-BSA及包被原T2-GA-OVA。
制备的甲氧苄啶完全抗原的应用,通过甲氧苄啶完全抗原免疫得到多克隆抗体和/或单克隆抗体,用于检测甲氧苄啶。
本发明的有益效果:本发明提供了一种新的甲氧苄啶完全抗原合成方法,其完全抗原呈现出的特异性的甲氧苄啶抗原决定簇,使得筛选出高特异性的甲氧苄啶单克隆抗体成为可能。
实验结果表明,用本发明的抗原免疫动物得到的抗血清效价可达27000,半数抑制浓度为3.14ng/mL,检测限为0.36ng/mL,各类似物的交叉反应率均小于5%。产生的抗体特异性高、灵敏度极高。本发明的抗原或抗体可用于建立酶联免疫吸附分析方法和胶体金试纸快速检测法,从而用于快速检测食品中的甲氧苄啶残留。
附图说明
图1是甲氧苄啶完全抗原合成紫外鉴定图。
图2是甲氧苄啶小鼠抗血清抑制率检测示意图。
具体实施方式
下述实施例中所使用的实验方法,如无特殊说明,均为常规方法。
下述实施例中所使用的材料、试剂等,如无特殊说明,均可从商业途径得到。
实施例1 甲氧苄啶半抗原T2的制备
100mL 三颈瓶中依次加入 10mL吡啶、3.2g对氨基苯甲酸、5mg 4-二甲氨基吡啶,60℃水浴加热磁力搅拌至溶液澄清。以 10mL吡啶溶解2.9g甲氧苄啶并滴加到三颈瓶中,继续搅拌反应3天,采用薄层色谱法,以甲醇︰四氢呋喃︰三氯甲烷体积比为1︰1︰5作为展开剂监控反应进程。减压0.092 MPa、60℃蒸馏10min将溶剂全部蒸走,得到黄色油状物。滴加 10 %(m/v)NaHCO3溶液至不再产生浑浊,过滤并调节上清液在pH5.0酸性条件下重结晶析出白色固体,7500 r/min离心8min,滤饼60℃烘干即为甲氧苄啶半抗原T2。
实施例2 甲氧苄啶完全抗原T2-ZD-BSA的制备
取8mg甲氧苄啶半抗原T2,用1mL DMF溶解并以1N盐酸混合(T2、盐酸摩尔比为1︰2.5),在4℃下预冷30min后,逐滴添加新配制的质量体积比10%的亚硝酸钠溶液,以淀粉-碘化钾试纸检测呈蓝黑色,继续搅拌反应2h,得到活化的甲氧苄啶半抗原T2溶液。取BSA(半抗原T2与BSA的摩尔比分别为50︰1及100︰1),用0.1M pH9.6 碳酸盐缓冲液溶解,其中溶解后的蛋白浓度大于3mg/mL,且碳酸盐缓冲液与DMF的比例为5︰1。将14.5mg/mL活化的甲氧苄啶半抗原T2溶液慢速滴加到22mg/mL BSA溶液3mL中,室温下反应12h,用PBS缓冲液透析3天,期间换水8次,即得到50︰1及100︰1两种甲氧苄啶完全抗原(T2-ZD-BSA)。
实施例3免疫原(T2-GA-BSA)及包被原(T2-GA-OVA)的制备
取8mg甲氧苄啶半抗原T2,用1mL DMF溶解,与戊二醛(T2︰戊二醛的反应摩尔比为1︰1.5),在4℃下,搅拌反应2h,再在室温25℃下反应12h。 取BSA/OVA(半抗原T2与BSA、OVA的摩尔比均为100︰1),用0.1M pH9.6 碳酸盐缓冲液溶解,其中溶解后的蛋白浓度大于3mg/mL,且碳酸盐缓冲液与DMF的体积比例为5︰1。将14.5mg/mL活化的甲氧苄啶半抗原T2溶液慢速滴加到蛋白22mg/mL BSA/OVA溶液3mL中,室温下反应24h,用PBS缓冲液透析3天,期间换水8次,即得到甲氧苄啶免疫原(T2-GA-BSA)及包被原(T2-GA-OVA)。
实施例4 甲氧苄啶抗血清的制备
以实施例2制得的甲氧苄啶完全抗原(T2-ZD-BSA)为免疫原,选用8周龄雌性BALB/C小鼠为免疫动物,采用弗氏佐剂进行免疫,免疫小鼠5只。弗氏佐剂免疫方法为:首免取适量免疫原与等体积弗氏完全佐剂混合,加强免疫首免取适量免疫原与等体积弗氏不完全佐剂混合,乳化好后经颈背部皮下多点注射免疫,每间隔3周加强免疫一次。
实施例5 甲氧苄啶抗血清的测定
采用间接ELISA方法检测血清效价,具体操作步骤如下:
(1)包被:将实施例3中的甲氧苄啶包被原(T2-GA-OVA)用0.05M pH9.6 碳酸盐缓冲液从10μg/mL开始倍比稀释,加入酶标板孔中100μL/孔,37℃反应2h;
(2)洗涤:将板内溶液倾去,甩干,并用洗涤液洗涤3次,每次3min;
(3)封闭:拍干后,加入200μL/孔封闭液,37℃反应2h,洗涤后烘干备用;
(4)加样:将抗血清从1︰1000开始倍比稀释,并加入到各稀释度的包被孔中,100μL/孔,37℃反应1h;充分洗涤后,加入1︰3000稀释的HRP-羊抗鼠IgG,100μL/孔,37℃反应1h;
(5)显色:将酶标板取出,充分洗涤后,每孔加入100μL的TMB显色液(TMB与底物液比例1:5),37℃避光反应15min;
(6)终止和测定:每孔加入100μL终止液(2mol/L的硫酸)以终止反应,然后用酶标仪测定各孔的OD450值;
(7)结果判读:以OD450值大于或等于阴性对照孔的2.1倍(即P/N≥2.1)所对应的血清最高稀释倍数即为血清的ELISA效价。
最低检测限、半数抑制以及特异性的检测
具体操作步骤如下:
(1)用上述的间接ELISA方阵滴定法确定包被原和抗体的工作浓度,以OD450值在1.5左右时所对应的抗原和抗体浓度为最适工作浓度;
(2)包被:将包被原用包被缓冲液稀释至最适工作浓度,100μL/孔,37℃反应2h;
(3)洗涤和封闭:方法操作同上述间接ELISA法;
(4)配制甲氧苄啶标准溶液:将甲氧苄啶标准品用0.01mol/L、pH7.4的PBS溶液配制成1mg/mL的母液,然后,在加样前,再用0.01mol/L、pH7.4的PBS溶液倍比稀释成需要浓度;
(5)加样:每孔加入50μL倍比稀释的甲氧苄啶各浓度标准品,然后再加入50μL/孔最适稀释倍数的抗血清,37℃反应1h;充分洗涤后,加入1︰3000稀释的HRP-羊抗鼠IgG,100μL/孔,37℃反应1h;
(6)显色反应:将酶标板取出,充分洗涤后,每孔加入100μL的TMB显色液,37℃避光反应15min;
(7)终止和测定:每孔加入100μL终止液以终止反应,然后用酶标仪测定各孔的OD450值;
(8)数据处理:以甲氧苄啶各浓度的对数为横坐标,以甲氧苄啶各浓度对应的OD值B与甲氧苄啶浓度为零时的OD值B0的比值B/B0为纵坐标,绘制标准曲线,计算半数抑制浓度IC50,(即OD450值从零标准溶液对应的A0下降到50%时所对应的标准品浓度),从而判定抗血清对甲氧苄啶是否具有特异性;
(9)将甲氧苄啶的标准品换成二甲氧苄啶、磺胺嘧啶、磺胺甲基嘧啶、磺胺二甲基嘧啶、磺胺二甲氧嘧啶、磺胺喹恶啉、庆大霉素、林可霉素、呋喃唑酮、呋喃西林、诺氟沙星,恩诺沙星,按上述方法测定IC50值,并计算交叉反应率;
交叉反应率(%)= IC50(甲氧苄啶)/ IC50(类似物)
实验设3次重复,结果取平均值。
结果显示,五免后,小鼠抗血清效价可达27000,半数抑制浓度为3.14 ng/mL,检测限为0.36 ng/mL,各类似物的交叉反应率均小于5%。
Claims (6)
1.一种甲氧苄啶半抗原T2的制备方法,其特征在于:
甲氧苄啶半抗原T2结构简式为:
;
步骤为:100mL三颈瓶中依次加入10mL吡啶、3.2 g对氨基苯甲酸、5mg 4-二甲氨基吡啶,60℃水浴加热磁力搅拌至溶液澄清;另以10mL 吡啶溶解2.9 g甲氧苄啶并滴加到所述三颈瓶中,继续搅拌反应3天;采用薄层色谱法,以甲醇︰四氢呋喃︰三氯甲烷体积比为1︰1︰5作为展开剂监控反应进程;减压0.092 MPa、60℃蒸馏10min将溶剂全部蒸走,得到黄色油状物;继续滴加质量体积比为10%的NaHCO3水溶液至不再产生浑浊,过滤并调节上清液在pH5.0酸性条件下重结晶析出白色固体, 7500 r/min离心8min,滤饼60℃烘干即为甲氧苄啶半抗原T2。
2.用权利要求1所述方法制得的甲氧苄啶半抗原T2制备甲氧苄啶完全抗原的方法,其特征在于:将甲氧苄啶半抗原T2与载体蛋白偶联后制备得到甲氧苄啶完全抗原。
3.根据权利要求2所述用甲氧苄啶半抗原T2制备甲氧苄啶完全抗原的方法,其特征在于:所述载体蛋白为牛血清白蛋白BSA、鸡卵清白蛋白OVA、匙孔血蓝蛋白KLH、血蓝蛋白LPH或人血清白蛋白HAS中的一种。
4.根据权利要求3所述用甲氧苄啶半抗原T2制备甲氧苄啶完全抗原的方法,其特征在于:制备50︰1及100︰1两种甲氧苄啶完全抗原T2-ZD-BSA,步骤为:
(1)甲氧苄啶半抗原T2的活化:将甲氧苄啶半抗原T2用DMF溶解,按甲氧苄啶半抗原T2︰盐酸摩尔比1︰2.5混合,盐酸溶液的浓度为1N,在4℃下预冷30min后,逐滴添加新配制的质量体积比为10% 的亚硝酸钠溶液,以淀粉-碘化钾试纸检测呈蓝黑色,继续搅拌反应2h,得到活化的甲氧苄啶半抗原T2溶液;
(2)载体蛋白BSA溶液的配制:取BSA,按甲氧苄啶半抗原T2︰BSA摩尔比分别为50︰1及100︰1,用0.1M pH9.6的碳酸盐缓冲液溶解,其中溶解后的BSA浓度大于3mg/mL,且碳酸盐缓冲液与DMF的体积比例为5︰1,得到BSA溶液;
(3)完全抗原的制备:将步骤(1)所得14.5mg/mL活化的甲氧苄啶半抗原T2溶液1mL慢速滴加到步骤(2)所得22mg/mL BSA溶液1.5mL及3mL中,室温下反应12h;用PBS缓冲液透析3天,期间换水8次,即得到50︰1及100︰1的两种甲氧苄啶完全抗原T2-ZD-BSA。
5.根据权利要求3所述用甲氧苄啶半抗原T2制备甲氧苄啶完全抗原的方法,其特征在于:制备免疫原T2-GA-BSA及包被原T2-GA-OVA的步骤为:
(1)甲氧苄啶半抗原T2的活化:将甲氧苄啶半抗原T2用DMF溶解,按甲氧苄啶半抗原T2︰戊二醛反应摩尔比为1︰1.5,在4℃下,搅拌反应2h,再在室温25℃下反应12h,得到活化的甲氧苄啶半抗原T2溶液;
(2)载体蛋白溶液的配置:取BSA及OVA,甲氧苄啶半抗原T2︰BSA/OVA的摩尔比均为100︰1,用0.1M pH9.6的碳酸盐缓冲液溶解,其中溶解后的蛋白浓度大于3mg/mL,且碳酸盐缓冲液与DMF的体积比例为5︰1,得到载体蛋白BSA/OVA溶液;
(3)甲氧苄啶完全抗原的制备:将步骤(1)制备的14.5mg/mL活化的甲氧苄啶半抗原T2溶液1mL,慢速滴加到步骤(2)制备的22mg/mL蛋白BSA溶液3mL及OVA溶液3mL中,室温下反应24h,用PBS缓冲液透析3天,期间换水8次,即得到甲氧苄啶免疫原T2-GA-BSA及包被原T2-GA-OVA。
6.用权利要求2、3、4或5所述方法制备的甲氧苄啶完全抗原的应用,其特征在于:通过甲氧苄啶完全抗原免疫得到多克隆抗体和/或单克隆抗体,用于检测甲氧苄啶。
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