CN1043183C - Process for adjusting the moisture content of tobacco - Google Patents
Process for adjusting the moisture content of tobacco Download PDFInfo
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- CN1043183C CN1043183C CN93120741A CN93120741A CN1043183C CN 1043183 C CN1043183 C CN 1043183C CN 93120741 A CN93120741 A CN 93120741A CN 93120741 A CN93120741 A CN 93120741A CN 1043183 C CN1043183 C CN 1043183C
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
- A24B3/00—Preparing tobacco in the factory
- A24B3/04—Humidifying or drying tobacco bunches or cut tobacco
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
- A24B3/00—Preparing tobacco in the factory
- A24B3/12—Steaming, curing, or flavouring tobacco
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- Manufacture Of Tobacco Products (AREA)
- Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
- Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Tea And Coffee (AREA)
- Polysaccharides And Polysaccharide Derivatives (AREA)
- Storage Of Fruits Or Vegetables (AREA)
- Cell Separators (AREA)
- Macromolecular Compounds Obtained By Forming Nitrogen-Containing Linkages In General (AREA)
- Nitrogen Condensed Heterocyclic Rings (AREA)
- Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
- Artificial Filaments (AREA)
- Control And Other Processes For Unpacking Of Materials (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Fluid Adsorption Or Reactions (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
- Holo Graphy (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
- Inorganic Insulating Materials (AREA)
Abstract
A process for reordering tobacco, which results in no significant decrease in equilibrium tobacco CV or significant tobacco degradation, is provided. Tobacco to be reordered is contacted with an air stream having a relative humidity near the equilibrium conditions of the tobacco. As the ov content of the tobacco increases, the relative humidity of the air stream contacting the tobacco is increased to affect reordering of the tobacco. Also provided is a process for drying tobacco, which results in no significant change in equilibrium tobacco CV or significant tobacco degradation. Tobacco to be dried is contacted with an air stream having a relative humidity near or below the equilibrium conditions of the tobacco. As the OV content of the tobacco decreases, the relative humidity of the air stream contacting the tobacco is decreased to affect drying of the tobacco.
Description
The present invention relates to readjust, promptly improve the method for the organic substance of the moisture of hygroscopic matter and dry tobacco or other moisture absorption, these organic substances such as medicinal product and agricultural product are including, but not limited to fruit, vegetables, cereal, coffee ﹠ tea.More particularly, the present invention relates to the method for or dry these materials wetting with controlled moisture.
For a long time, this area wishes to control various moisture content of tobacco always, comprises tobacco.For example, the moisture that has been processed to the tobacco of useful products just repeatedly changed.Each procedure of processing is for example removed stem, chopping, blending constituent, interpolation spices, expanded and processing cigarette all needs certain optimum moisture content, and these water content must careful control, to guarantee to obtain the tobacco product of high-quality and the organic substance goods of other suction.And the mode of change tobacco moisture content all has lasting influence to the characteristic with subjectivity physics, chemistry of finished product.Therefore, be used to cause that the method that tobacco or other moisture content of tobacco change is important.
The rearrangement of expanding tobacco is a kind of operation of special needs.Usually, be lower than 6% by its moisture of the resulting tobacco of expansion process, and usually be lower than 3%.Under low like this moisture, the very easy fracture of tobacco.In addition, the tobacco structure that expanded can be subsided when resetting, and promptly all or part of tobacco returns back to unswollen state.This subsiding can cause the loss of filling power, thereby reduces the benefit by expansion process produced.
Once used the method for multiple rearrangement expanding tobacco.Modal method be the water spray painting on tobacco, usually, simultaneously the moving tobacco of cylinder turning in.Another method is as resetting medium saturated vapor.Another method is to blow damp atmosphere by the flow of tobacco movable bed on the conveyer belt, and is as at United States Patent (USP) 4,178, disclosed in 946.
When said method was used for expanding tobacco, none made us satisfied fully.Roll in the hole in spraying and to rotate tobacco and can cause frangible expanding tobacco fracture.Directly contact and tend to cause the expanding tobacco structural collapse with liquid water.Steam is reset and can be caused expanded tobacco structural collapse equally.This places any aerosol environment that the poly-phenomenon of water-setting can take place perhaps partly owing to the high temperature in the steam ambient with expanding tobacco, all causes subsiding as steam or damp atmosphere environment.
It is with drying that one method that is used to avoid to take place above-mentioned defective is arranged, and expanded tobacco places and contains the indoor of ideal humidity air, and makes tobacco time of 24～48 hours of balance in this chamber.Air velocity by this chamber keeps extremely low, generally is no more than 25 feet of per minutes.This method causes expanded tobacco structure seldom to subside or do not subside, yet, owing to require 24～48 hours so long a period of times, make it can only be confined to laboratory research.
Someone attempts to reduce the required residence time of this equilibrium process by improving air velocity.This method is not achieved success, because it can not reappear the ability of keeping filling power that is observed in laboratory balance slowly, for adapting to required long residence time, the required size of carrying the tobacco conveyer belt, the inhomogeneities of the moisture of the tobacco product of exporting from this conveyer belt, and the occurrence index of this device, prove that all this method is unsuccessful, as United States Patent (USP) 4,202, disclosed in 357.
In tobacco processing, drying had status of equal importance as the means of controlling moisture and rearrangement.When tobacco is dried, can influences the physics of tobacco product and the physics and the chemical change of subjective attribute and all can take place.Therefore, the method for dry tobacco is very important.
There are two kinds of drying equipments often to be adopted: rotary dryer and belt or board-like drier by tobacco business.Also adopt pneumatic drier once in a while.Select specific drier according to the needs of drying process.For example, belt or board-like drier are usually used in dry strip tobacco, and rotary dryer is used to the tobacco of dry chopping.Rotary drier and belt dryer all can be used for dry tobacco stem.
In belt dryer, tobacco is laid down on the porous belts, and air-flow passes band and tobacco bed up or down.The inhomogeneous dry-out phenomenon of tobacco often takes place, because made dry air to walk around tobacco in the part by the passage of air blast on the tobacco bed.
The most of rotary dryers that are used for tobacco business all are lined with the steam helix tube, and can be used as indirect or direct-fired drier, and this will depend on it is outside or inner heating to dry housing that tobacco is housed.And, also can be with its following current operation, promptly the direction of tobacco and air-flow is identical, or counter-current operation, and promptly the direction of tobacco and air-flow is opposite.Rotary drying must carefully be controlled, in order to avoid overdrying, overdrying both can cause chemical change, also can cause because of rotation to cause unnecessary fracture.In addition, if dry carry out too fast can form the impervious layer of one deck at the outer surface of tobacco, it can make the moisture of tobacco the inside be difficult to be diffused into the surface.The formation of this impervious layer rate of drying that slowed down, and cause dry inhomogeneities.
Can become the heat treatment that can cause tobacco that chemistry and physical change take place with rotary dryer or the dry tobacco result of belt dryer.Be not always undesirable, these variations are caused by dewatered target from tobacco.In typical tobacco use, because need be limited time inner drying tobacco, this limits the heat treatment that drying steps is introduced with regard to requiring, and breaks away from the heat treatment optimum condition to avoid the dry treatment conditions that require.
First purpose of the present invention provides a kind of method that improves hygroscopicity agricultural product moisture, may further comprise the steps:
(a) by formation hygroscopicity farming product bed on the bench type conveyer that the hygroscopicity agricultural product is placed on a plurality of laminations,
(b) the hygroscopicity agricultural product on the bed are contacted with a kind of air-flow, described air-flow has the relative humidity near the poised state of hygroscopicity agricultural product, and air-flow flows to another layer with a kind of path of opposite with the path of agricultural product bed basically direction by one deck;
(c) increase with bed on the relative humidity of the air-flow that contacts of hygroscopicity agricultural product, thereby increase moisture in the hygroscopicity agricultural product in following mode, the relative humidity of the air-flow that soon contacts with the hygroscopicity agricultural product maintains the poised state near the hygroscopicity agricultural product, until obtaining the desired moisture of hygroscopicity agricultural product, when air-flow flowed with a kind of direction opposite with the path of agricultural product bed, air-flow was dewatered and the hydration gradually of agricultural product quilt gradually thus.
Second purpose of the present invention provides a kind of method that reduces hygroscopicity agricultural product moisture, may further comprise the steps:
(a) by formation hygroscopicity agricultural product bed on the bench type conveyer that the hygroscopicity agricultural product is placed on a plurality of laminations,
(b) the hygroscopicity agricultural product on the bed are contacted with a kind of air-flow, described air-flow has the relative humidity of the poised state that is near or below the hygroscopicity agricultural product, and air-flow flows to another layer with a kind of path of opposite with the path of agricultural product bed basically direction by one deck;
(c) reduce with bed on the relative humidity of the air-flow that contacts of hygroscopicity agricultural product, thereby reduce moisture in the hygroscopicity agricultural product in following mode, the relative humidity of the air-flow that soon contacts with the hygroscopicity agricultural product maintains the poised state that is near or below the hygroscopicity agricultural product, until obtaining the desired moisture of hygroscopicity agricultural product, when air-flow flowed with a kind of direction opposite with the path of agricultural product bed, agricultural product dewatered and the hydration gradually of air-flow quilt gradually thus.
The advantage of the embodiment of the invention is the agricultural product of tobacco or other suitable moisture absorption, can be rearranged or dry and seldom or not fracture including, but not limited to fruit, vegetables, cereal, coffee ﹠ tea, even the tobacco of easily splitting in expanded operation.It also has following advantage: it can be reset expanding tobacco and seldom or not can lose the expanding tobacco structure, and can be under condition near atmospheric pressure dry tobacco or other suitable hygroscopicity organic substance.For example, do not adopt vacuum can in this processing, control the heat treatment of being carried out to a certain extent under one chosen temperature.And this to be controlled in the conventional Tobacco drying method be inaccessible.
In an imbody method for optimizing of the present invention, the moisture content change of tobacco or other suitable organic substance be by more than the equilibrium relative humidity (ERH) that it carefully is controlled at above-mentioned organic substance with relative humidity or following air contact realize.Sustainable raising or reduce the relative humidity of air in processing procedure, as long as this needs are arranged so that between the equilibrium relative humidity (ERH) of relative air humidity and the organic substance that is contacted controlled psychrometric difference of maintenance.Carefully control relative humidity continuously, can control organic substance and the moisture exchange rate around it, to reduce the structural change of tobacco to greatest extent.With the main drive of relative humidity, can control heat treatment independently as the moisture mass exchange.This method mode is in batches or continuously implemented.
In addition, rotating cylinder can also not be adopted in the enforcement of this method, thereby can avoid the generation of the phenomenon of rupture that causes thus.
Below in conjunction with the method example of description of drawings embodiment invention and preferred embodiments thereof, wherein:
The graph of relation of Fig. 1 relative air humidity (RH) percentage and tobacco moisture content or OV;
Fig. 2 is the method according to this invention is reset the organic substance of moisture absorption by the RH of ultra-long time ground raising air an experimental facilities schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 is a partial sectional view of implementing the exemplary apparatus of the inventive method in a continuous manner;
Fig. 3 a is the sectional view of a screw transmission strap body part shown in Figure 3;
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram that is suitable for implementing in a continuous manner another kind of equipment of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the block diagram that expression the present invention is applied to rearrangement process;
Fig. 6 represents the typical RH curve of ultra-long time ground near the air of tobacco, obtains reset tobacco in equipment shown in Figure 3 during.
The present invention relates to the moisture of conditioning tobacco or other suitable hygroscopicity organic substance Method, above-mentioned organic substance be such as medicinal product and agricultural product, including, but not limited to fruit, Vegetables, cereal; Coffee ﹠ tea, the method can make fracture, the physical arrangement of processed tobacco Variation or heat to the variation of chemical composition reduces to minimum. More particularly. The present invention relates to and to wet Spending controlled air is used for resetting or dry tobacco or other suitable hygroscopicity organic substance. Cigarette The moisture of grass or other suitable hygroscopicity organic substance is by optionally improving continuously gradually Or reduce the relative humidity of the air be in contact with it and be enhanced or reduce. Exchange of moisture is with this The mode of kind is controlled, and other processing can change, can such as temperature, air velocity and air pressure Separately preferred.
Two kinds of methods that are usually used in characterizing the physical arrangement of tobacco are cylinder volume (CV) and ratio Hold (SV). These measuring methods are being reset aspect the advantage of tobacco particularly in assessment the method Valuable.
Cylinder volume (CV)
With heavy 20 the gram unpuffed smokable fillers or 10 the gram expanded smokable filler put into by Heinr, Borgwaldt company [(Heinr.Borgwaldt GmbH, Schnacken-Burgallee No, 15, Postfack, 540702,2000 hamburger 54, Germany)] The diameter of design is in the DD-60 type densimeter tube of 6cm. With 2 kilogram weight diameters be 5.6cm piston be placed on 30 seconds on the tobacco in the above-mentioned densimeter tube. Read and be compacted The volume of tobacco also namely obtains cylinder volume (cc/g of unit) with what the weight of tobacco sample was removed. This test determination the apparent volume of specified weight smokable filler. The volume of gained smokable filler is looked Be the cylinder volume. This test is at 75 °F, carries out under the standard environment condition of 60%RH , except being otherwise noted, usually with sample under this environment preliminary treatment 24-48 hour.
Specific volume (SV)
Term " specific volume " is for measuring solid matter, such as the unit of the shared volume of tobacco, profit Be Archimedes's fluid shifting principle. A kind of specific volume of material is by getting its actual density Inverse draw. Specific volume represents with " cc/g ". Mercury porosimetry and helium densimeter It all is the method that is suitable for carrying out above-mentioned measurement. And its result is quite good. When adopting helium proportion Timing. The title that to cross 100 ℃ of lower dry 3 hours or balances the tobacco sample of weight Put into cell (this densimeter of five jiaos of densimeters of 2042-1 type Quantachrome Made 5Aerial Way, Syosset, New York by Quantachrome company). So This cell of rear removing is also used the helium pressurising. To be got rid of by tobacco the volume and the sample that is full of air of helium The required volume in chamber is compared. The volume of tobacco is true according to the basic principle of perfect gas law Fixed. Unless contradictory part has been described, specific volume is measured and is all used in the application's literal in the whole text Be and be used for measure the identical tobacco sample of OV, that is, be controlled in 100 ℃ in temperature The recirculated hot air drying oven in dry 3 hours tobacco.
Here, moisture can be regarded as being equal to baker volatile quantity (OV), because remove Outside the water, the volatilization weight of tobacco is no more than 0.9%. The mensuration of baker volatile quantity only needs In being controlled at 100 ℃ recirculated hot air drying oven, measure the weight of tobacco after dry 3 hours The amount loss can realize. This loss in weight relatively percentage of its original weight is the baker volatilization Amount.
" screening test " refers to measure the method for shred distribution of lengths of the packing samples of chopping. This test is often used as the indicated value that shred length reduces in process. With 150 ± 20g not The expanding tobacco filler of expanded smokable filler or 100 ± 10g is put into-vibrating device. This vibrating device has adopted 12 inches of a series of diameters to meet ASTM (U.S. material test Association) the circular screen tray of standard is (by Combustion Engineering Inc.Screening The W.S.Tyler Co., Ltd of auxiliary body of Divsion makes). Just be used for screen tray Normal screen size is 6 orders, 12 orders, 20 orders and 35 orders. The oscillation distances of this device (stroke) is about the 1-1/2 inch, and vibration velocity is 350 ± 5rpm. This shakes Moving device shook tobacco 5 minutes, so that sample is divided into different particle size ranges. With each grain Thereby the degree scope is weighed and is obtained the size distribution of sample.
Laboratory test proves, by placing tobacco highly humid air that it is reset fast The practice can cause the loss of CV. But also confirm on the expanding tobacco bed, to condense or mistake During moist phenomenon, the CV loss also can appear. When contacting its temperature, humid air is lower than this humid air The tobacco of cloud point will condense. When the moisture variation is because contacting unevenly humid air Will take place moist when betiding in the tobacco. Therefore, successful humid air system for rearranging is necessary Can control air and cross the tobacco bed with flow velocity face quite slowly, can also control well sky simultaneously Gas phase is to humidity. Temperature, air-flow and air pressure. Pass through tobacco by improving gradually in the following manner The moisture of humid air can accomplish best this point: tobacco is placed almost and its balance Air-flow among.
Referring to Fig. 1, line ABC is 75 °F the thermoisopleth that typically germinates pipe tobacco. Should Thermoisopleth makes tobacco in the poised state of design temperature OV and the RH phase of air around it Related. Therefore, when point B is illustrated in 75 °F and 60% RH, the expanding tobacco sample Its OV is about 11.7% when poised state. GEF line among Fig. 1 represents another kind Also be proved to be appropriate RH curve. HF line performance among Fig. 1 has in the technology, as putting down Carry out the typical curve of laboratory when resetting with extremely low air velocity in the weighing apparatus chamber. Line among Fig. 1 IJ represents that the present invention is used for Tobacco drying.
Fig. 1 represents OV is about 6.5% tobacco and the air balance of RH about 30%, Make its OV be about 11.7%, and then make itself and RH be about 60% air balance, By tobacco being placed its moisture increase a period of time until RH from 40%RH with little increment Reach and realize in 60% the air that tobacco resets, rather than it is directly placed 60%RH Air in. When under this slow change condition, carrying out, the quality between air-flow and the tobacco Exchange slowly, because power is very little, and expanded tobacco structure is also kept. With cigarette Grass place its moisture from about 40%RH with littler increment at 40～60 minutes In increase in the air of about 62%RH, can realize the rearrangement of expanding tobacco and not have CV and decrease Lose. Can reduce like this to finish to reset and process required total time and don't can significantly change expanded The tobacco structure. Therefore, the line DEF among Fig. 1 and GEF represent that separately the present invention is heavy Effective embodiment during the smoke evacuation grass.
Referring to Fig. 1, flat by approaching between line segment EF and line segment ABC explanation air-flow and the tobacco The state of weighing apparatus. Be appreciated that when the OV of tobacco value is lower than about 7%, with the tobacco balance The relative humidity of air and the difference of the relative humidity of humid air that be used for to reset can be very big and right The filling capacity of tobacco has no adverse effect. It can also be seen that, when the OV of tobacco value from approximately 7.5% when bringing up to about 11.5%, and the relative humidity that is used for the humid air reset can About 2% to 8% to exceed with the relative humidity of tobacco balance air, can depart from significantly Filling capacity with hanging down the relevant poised state of tobacco OV value to tobacco has no adverse effect.
When the present invention is used to dry tobacco, do not find that the CV of tobacco has the loss that records out.Even when the relative humidity of dry gas stream is starkly lower than when being in the relative humidity of air of poised state with tobacco, the result also was like this when promptly the relative humidity of dry gas stream was lower than the poised state of tobacco.Therefore, as can be seen, the IJ line among Fig. 1 is only represented in the very adoptable approach when according to the present invention's drying tobacco.
The present invention can implement with method in batches or continuous.Implement when of the present invention with rearrangement method in batches, the humidity of the air-flow of contact tobacco is by the improve of ultra-long time ground, so that the moisture of tobacco raises continuously.Can realize above-mentioned purpose with environmental chamber as shown in Figure 2.The tobacco that remains to be reset placing the dish at the bottom of the sieve mesh of having of environmental chamber inside, is layered on thick about 2 inches bed, and humidity-controlled like this air-flow just can pass through above-mentioned tobacco downwards.The chamber of size between about 20 cubic feet to 80 cubic feet (by ParameterGeneration and Control, Inc. produces, 1104 old us 70, and WestBlack Mountain N.C.28711) is being used in a lot of researchs.This environmental chamber is equipped with the control that microprocessor is changed humidity air condition in the chamber by its realization.Test is performed such: by bit by bit relative humidity RH being low to moderate 30% and highly bring up to final RH to the relative humidity of 52% air and be respectively 59% and 65% in 30～90 fens clock times, and dry, expanded tobacco is reset extremely about 11.5% OV value by about 2% original OV value.Adopt the air velocity of about 50～200 feet per minute clocks.RH and temperature survey be by-as Thunder 4A-1 type device (producing 623Wyoming, S.E., AlbuquerqueNew Moxico 87123 by Thunder Scientific company) monitoring.Air velocity is measured (made by Alnor Instrument Co., 7555 N, LinderAve, Skokie, Illinois 60066) by an Alnor Thermo 8525 type anemobiagraphs.In the experiment, relative humidity reaches about 62% final RH by being increased in short about 40 minutes time up to about 52% initial value, the result, compare by the tobacco that tobacco was reset in 24～48 hours at a slow speed with 75 air with the RH that maintains 60% with the room in controlled environment, gained is reset tobacco and is had the amount of CV reservation completely.Up to about 200 feet per minutes, it is successful that about 70～90 the humidity air of temperature carries out above-mentioned humidification with speed.It is also very little if any that the expanding tobacco of Chong Paiing is compared its CV loss with the expanding tobacco of resetting in the room of controlled environment by this way.
The present invention also can implement in a continuous manner, and is the most effective on a Frigoscandia self spirals the screw conveyer that rises, as shown in Figure 3 the sort of.This device be the Frigoscandia food processing system joint-stock company by glass allusion quotation Ilelsingborg provide through the GCP42 of special adaptations spiral freezer unit.Dry tobacco to be reset is by conveyer 13 feeders 10, and delivers to top (as shown in FIG.) from the bottom of spiral stand 14 with helical geometry in device 10, exports 11 discharges from tobacco after resetting.The air of humidifying is blown downwards passes tobacco, from humid air inlet 15 bottoms to spiral after-frame 14, here it is discharged by humid air outlet 16, basically be that flow direction against tobacco blows moisture, that is: most of moisture is the lamination that is passed down through the tobacco bed from the top of stand 14, and tobacco then is along with the helical duct of conveyer is up.The sub-fraction humid air is that real helical duct along the conveyer stand blows to the bottom from the top.These two kinds of forms that air flows are shown in Fig. 3 a.This device is proved in that to increase aspect the RH its effect stronger one times than device shown in Figure 2.
Referring to Fig. 3 a, it is the phantom of helical feed machine frame 14 shown in Figure 3, shows the route of the relative tobacco bed 21 with 22 of air-flow 20.Shown in Fig. 3 a, air- flow 20 and 22 is that the top from stand flows downward, and flow of tobacco is to move to the top from the bottom of this device, in Fig. 3 a, then be expressed as and move to the left from the right side, on the helical feed machine frame progressively to rising.The major part of air-flow 20 is to pass on tobacco bed 21 laminations and the height under slightly against the course of tobacco to contact tobacco basically, and sub-fraction air-flow 22 is then passing through above tobacco bed 21 against tobacco bed motion direction.This air-flow 22 also can pass through tobacco bed 21 subsequently.
Thereby with the key that the present invention is successfully used to reset is to be provided with one can stablize the device that the relative humidity that improves the air that contacts with tobacco improves the OV value of tobacco.The design of rising owing to himself spiral guides the air draught of big portion to be passed down through the multilayer conveyer (conveyer stand) that is loaded with tobacco.When the bottom of tobacco being sent to the conveyer stand.When the humidifying air was delivered to the top of stand, the mobile of air and tobacco saw it is reverse on the whole.Form a kind of continuous naturally RH gradient in this reverse substantially air that is flowing in the contact tobacco, because can be dewatered gradually when resetting the tobacco of processing when air moves downward.By correct selection line speed, air and tobacco flow velocity, and the temperature and the RH of the air that enters of control, those reset the condition that the conditions in the experiment can be handled near continous way at batch-type laboratory humidification.Adopt improved Frigoscandia GCP42 screw, belt speed is chosen as the expanding tobacco of per hour resetting 1501bOV value 3%, and make it that dwell time of 40～80 minutes be arranged, air conditions is: temperature is about 75～95 °F, relative humidity is about 61～64% when entering, air mass flow is about 1000～2500 cubic feet/minute (CFM), found that can fully reset the tobacco face does not have the tobacco fracture that tangible CV loss maybe can be surveyed.
When resetting tobacco, device that can non-volatile recording relative humidity, (made by Rustrak instrument company, E.Green-wich RI) inserts above-mentioned Frigoscania device as 29～03 type RH moisture recorders.When this device is transferred the spiral stand, the relative humidity that these devices demonstrate air increases steadily, and the Initial R H that records in stand bottom is about 35～45%, and tobacco is the most dried here, and reaching about 62% to the top RH of stand, tobacco is reset by fullest ground here.
Fig. 6 utilizes RH that above-mentioned Rustrar device the obtained typical curve to the time.Near the percentage RH of the air of tobacco bed as shown in Figure 6 to the curve of time.Initial OV value is about 3% tobacco and enters the rearrangement device and be about 43% air with RH and contact (the A point among Fig. 6).Fig. 6 shows, along with tobacco is reset in the device at spiral and advances, near the RH of the air of tobacco from about 43% about 62% (the B point Fig. 6) that is elevated to the exit.Tobacco its OV value when coming out from spiral rearrangement device is about 11%.Reset the RH of the air of device and controlled entering this spiral, lose so that resulting rearrangements tobacco has obvious CV.
Generation has other device of the air of RH gradient, and device as shown in Figure 4 also can be used for implementing in a continuous manner the present invention.Referring to Fig. 4, tobacco enters this device and exports 41 places tobacco and discharge at tobacco 40 places that enter the mouth on connecting gear 43.The stable air that improves of relative humidity blowed flow through up or down on the tobacco bed 42 a plurality of regional 44, to reproduce the humidity variation effect that installs among Fig. 2.This variation effect can produce opposite with the tobacco direction of motion basically air-flow by realizing from the dextrosinistral mobile (see figure 4) of the air of single source of the gas with spiral form.Like this, the air that leaves a zone becomes the air that enters in its adjoining zone, left side again.
In order to implement method of the present invention, slaking tobacco leaf that can processes complete, the tobacco of chopping, the tobacco section of expanded or unpuffed tobacco or selection, as tobacco stem, or the tobacco of reformulating.This method can be used for the tobacco of above-mentioned any or all type, no matter add or do not add spices.Under the special case of dry tobacco, the filler of finding unpuffed chopping can be by dry continuously, under ambient temperature conditions basically, basically flow through to countercurrent direction the conveying worm that improved Frigoscan-dia self spirals, the moisture that made tobacco in about 1 hour reduces to about 15% OV from about 21% OV.Temperature was about 85 °F when air entered the top of this device in this case, and RH is about 58%, and temperature is about 77 °F when leaving, and RH is about 68%.Hardly to or tobacco is not heat-treated fully and can realize Tobacco drying.
Perhaps, method of the present invention is used for the tobacco of dry its temperature apparently higher than environment temperature, for example, temperature is approximately 200-250 tobacco.When the tobacco of drying in this temperature range, regulate the RH of dry air and temperature so that the suitable condition of finishing the inventive method to be provided.
With reset tobacco seemingly, found dry preferably Tobacco drying to be finished in the minimum time to the desirable required moisture of final moisture content by final air moisture content is fixed on to be lower than, thereby increased air-tobacco moist gradient, and and then improved and cause dry power.Different with rearrangement process is, the final moisture content of air-flow can maintain far below after drying will with tobacco moisture during balance on desirable OV.
Embodiment 1
In order to confirm that the method that slowly supplies water by limiting the quantity of is reset drying, expanded tobacco is reset the benefit of comparing with cannon spray head, 20g smokable filler sample is put into the drying machine of sealing.This sample is used liquid CO at 550 °F in expanded tower
2Soaked.The OV value of this expanding tobacco is 3.4%.It is calculated that, the OV content of this sample be brought up to 11.5% water that approximately needs 1.89g.So many water is put into the vial that has rubber stopper, on rubber stopper, also be inserted with the glass tube of 1/8 inch internal diameter.This bottle also is encapsulated in the drying machine.After 9 days, all water are all absorbed by tobacco.Analyze tobacco then, find that it has original OV of about 11.5%.Here " original " be meant in the tobacco environmental chamber with in 24-48 hour slowly by it, RH maintains 60%, the state of the air of 75 of temperature before reaching balance.This balance method is often used as and is carrying out before CV, SV and the screening mensuration tobacco being transferred to standard state.After this standard balance, dry its CV of tobacco that resets is about 9.5cc/g, and SV is about 2.9cc/g, and OV is about 11.6%.In contrast, second sample of same tobacco directly put into the balance cylinder and be rearranged by balance under standard state, the OV of balance is about 11.3%, and CV and SV are respectively 9.4 and 2.7cc/g.The 3rd sample of expanding tobacco filler reset in cannon spray head to OV original 11.5%.The balance OV of this sample is about 11.6% after balance, and CV is about 8.5cc/g, and SV is about 1.9cc/g.
As shown in table 1, the tobacco sample of resetting by the slow current limliting of water in drying machine is compared with the sample that spraying is reset aspect balance CV and SV, shows tangible improvement.This sample is compared also to show with the sample of direct balance in the balance cylinder improvement slightly aspect CV and the SV.
After the original balance of table 1 sample
OV (%) SV (cc/g) OV (%) CV (cc/g) SV (cc/g) tower is discharged 3.4 3.0 11.3 9.4 2.7 and is reset 11.5 1.8 11.6 8.5 1.9 drying machines 11.5 2.7 11.6 9.5 2.9
For second group of experiment of implementing to reset the expanding tobacco filler, adopted parameter to control (PGC) chamber at environmental chamber.The Micro-Pro 2000 type microprocessors that provided by PGC Co., Ltd (ParameterGeneration and Control Inc.) have been provided in this chamber, are changed by the condition in its control room.Embodiment 2
Use liquid CO with about 3 pounds
2Soaked and the condition identical with example 1 described condition under expanded germinating tobacco be layered on dark about 2 inches bed of a dish.This dish with solid side walls and sieve aperture bottom is placed in the environmental chamber.Rise to the air rearrangement sample of RH about 60% at last more than 1 hour with 75 Initial R H about 36% then.Air moves downward with the speed of 45ft/min and passes the tobacco bed.3 hours, time interval more than 6 hours and 12 hours to repeat above-mentioned experiment.Result in the table 2 shows that under this experiment condition, when transformation period reached about 6 hours, rearrangement speed can influence CV and the SV of tobacco.In addition, compare with the rearrangement of carrying out in cannon spray head according to the rearrangement that the present invention carries out, its CV wants high approximately 1cc/g at least, and SV wants high approximately 0.2cc/g at least.But have been found that these advantages mainly are to obtain in the time at 1 hour less humidification.
Table 2
Original in environmental chamber balance
OV, (%) SV, (cc/g) OV, (%) CV, (cc/g) 12 hours 11.41 1.97 11.27 9.89 embodiment 3 of 1 hour 10.83 1.85 11.38 9.72 humidification 6 hours 11.45 1.90 11.30 9.88 humidification of 3 hours 11.44 1.88 11.36 9.81 humidifications of tower effluent 3.10 3.06 11.33 9.71 cannon spray heads 11.51 1.61 11.37 8.61 humidifications
Rearrangement speed and temperature are studied the influence of tobacco CV and SV.Employing is by CO
2That soaked and in expanded tower, carried out 7 groups of experiments with 550 expanded tobaccos of temperature.Expanded tobacco is reset in order to following method:
(1) under 60%RH and 75 temperature in environmental chamber balance 24 hours, air flows with the speed of 25ft/min and passes tobacco;
(2) about 7.5% by OV being brought up to water spray, then with (1) coexist mutually 60% RH and 75 following balances 24 hours;
(3) about 7.5% by OV being brought up to water spray, in cannon spray head, finally reset then;
(4) about 7.5% by OV being brought up to water spray, adopt then from the air of the final RH of 46% Initial R H humidification to 60% and reset; And
(5 usefulness RH rise to about 60% humid air from about 46% and carry out humidification.
Carry out with being rearranged in the PGC environmental chamber of carrying out of humid air, this chamber is equipped with a microprocessor, is used to be controlled at humidification in the selected time interval.Select following condition:
(1) the humidification time: 30,60 and 90 minutes;
(2) air themperature: 75 and 95;
(3) air velocity: the speed with about 45ft/min is upward through the tobacco bed, passes through the tobacco bed downwards with the speed of about 175ft/min;
(4) tobacco bed thickness: 2 inches.
Except resetting by cannon spray head, the tobacco that is used for all rearrangements all is to collect from the exit of tower in expanded back, and is encapsulated in the double-layer plastic bag before resetting.As a result, tobacco was cooled to environment temperature by about 200 temperature from the expanding tower exit before resetting.When humidification under 95 temperature was reset, the tobacco that still is contained in the sealing bag needed abundant preheating, in order to avoid the phenomenon of condensing when contacting with humid air before handling with change condition.The data of these experiments are listed among the table 3a to 3e.
Table 3a
Original balance is crossed
Sample OV (%) SV (cc/gm) OV (%) CV (cc/gm) X discharges 3.43 3.02 11.31 9.04S and only passes through sprayer and 11.27 1.87 11.51 9.01 90 minutes (RH46-60% of humidification by sprayer 8.06 2.14 11.68 8.66C by sprayer and tube 11.53 1.81 11.59 8.59F from tower, 75 °F) H is by sprayer and 10.96 1.98 11.36 9.48 90 minutes (RH46-60% of humidification, 75 °F) I sample H is at 60% RH, 11.54 1.95 11.56 9.40 75 °F keep 15 minutes J by sprayer and 10.37 2.38 11.28 9.85 60 minutes (RH46-62% of humidification down, 95 °F) the K sample is at 62% RH, and 11.17 2.26 11.22 9.88 95 °F kept 15 minutes down
Table 3b
After original balance
Sample OV (%) SV (cc/gm) OV (%) CV (cc/gm) X discharges 3.01 2.85 11.34 9.23S and only passes through sprayer and 10.55 1.64 11.45 8.86 60 minutes (RH46-60% of humidification by sprayer 7.51 2.13 11.39 8.87C by sprayer and tube 11.86 1.59 11.64 8.07F from tower, 75 °F) G is at RH60%, 75 conditions 11.56 1.64 11.42 8.61 times keep 15 minutes H by sprayer and 30 10.28 1.97 11.27 8.99 minutes (RH46-60% of humidification sample F, 75 °F) I is at RH60%, and 11.73 1.82 11.25 8.61 sample H kept 15 minutes under 75 conditions
Table 3c
After original balance
Sample OV (%) SV (cc/gm) OV (%) CV (cc/gm) A discharges 60 minutes (RH46-60% of 1.81 2.78 11.37 9.23B humidifications from tower, 95 °F) 60 minutes (RH46-60% of 10.91 1.86 11.47 8.86C humidifications, 75 °F) 90 minutes (RH46-60% of 10.53 2.02 11.28 9.20D humidifications, 95 °F) 10.84 1.99 11.45 8.90E by sprayer 5.39 2.37 11.25 8.71F by sprayer and be placed directly in 60% RH, following 30 minutes 10.80 1.81 11.27 8.39G are by sprayer and 60 minutes (RH46-60% of humidification for 95 conditions, 95 °F) 10.66 1.85 11.23 8.65H are by sprayer and 90 minutes (46-60%RH of humidification, 95 °F) 10.76 1.82 11.24 8.62I are by sprayer and 60 minutes (RH46-60% of humidification, 75 °F) 10.65 1.90 11.23 8.75J are by sprayer and 90 minutes (RH46-60% of humidification, 75 °F) 10.57 1.87 11.38 8.74K are by sprayer and be placed directly in RH60%, and following 30 minutes 10.73 1.87 11.22 8.64L of 75 condition are by sprayer and tube 10.98 1.60 11.39 8.28
Table 3d
After original balance
Sample OV (%) SV (cc/gm) OV (%) CV (cc/gm) T1 discharges 2.83 3.01 11.92 9.46T2 and is placed directly in RH60% from tower, 90 minutes (RH46-60% of 30 minutes 11.24 2.27 11.77 9.08T3 humidifications in 75 the environment, 75 °F) 90 minutes (RH30-60% of 11.08 2.24 11.83 9.29T4 humidifications, 75 °F) 9.77 2.39 11.85 9.43S1 by sprayer 4.78 2.82 11.66 8.98S2 by sprayer and be placed directly in RH 60%, following 30 minutes 11.10 2.19 11.64 8.89S3 of 75 condition are by sprayer and 90 minutes (RH46-60% of humidification, 75 °F) 10.54 2.25 11.27 9.05S4 are by sprayer and 60 minutes (RH46-60% of humidification, 75 °F) 10.56 2.22 11.73 9.03S5 by sprayer and 30 minutes (RH46-60%, 75) 9.74 2.29 11.67 9.19C of humidification by sprayer and cylinder 10.48 1.95 11.81 8.80
Table 3e
After the original balance of humidified condition
Initial OV mean air flow speed time-temperature RH scope OV SV OV CV
(%) degree (ft/min) (minute) (°F) (%) (%) (cc/gm) (%) (cc/gm) enter tower 15.40 0.79 11.86 5.05 and go out tower 3.94 2.82 11.72 9.49 and leave the spraying 5.64 2.72 11.82 9.48 of phase I and go out cylinder 10.36 2.04 11.66 9.28A 3.9 235 60 75 30-58 6.67 2.39 11.65 9.76B 5.6 175 60 75 30-58 8.44 2.45 11.82 9.91C 3.9 190 60 75 45-58 7.83 2.25 11.65 9.57D 5.6 190 60 75 45-58 8.44 2.39 11.79 9.66E 3.9 190 60 75 47-62 11.10 2.33 11.74 10.02
Table 3e (continuing)
The original balance of humidified condition
Initial OV mean air flow speed time-temperature RH scope OV SV OV CV
(%) (%) (%) (cc/gm) (%) (cc/gm) F 5.6 175 60 75 47-62 10.10 2.41 11.59 10.08G 3.9 180 60 75 30-62 8.13 2.20 11.89 9.63H 5.6 175 60 75 30-62 9.41 2.41 11.79 10.11I 3.9 200 60 75 47-62 10.21 2.15 11.76 8.98J 3.9 180 60 75 47-64 10.18 2.13 11.94 9.03K 3.9 80 60 75 35-64 9.07 2.23 11.90 9.51L 3.9 180 60 90 35-60 8.65 2.17 12.09 8.59M 3.9 180 60 90 45-60 10.11 2.39 11.92 10.02N 5.6 180 60 90 45-60 10.08 2.39 11.93 10.02O 3.9 240 60 90 47-64 10.88 2.31 11.96 9.51P 3.9 240 60 90 47-64 11.30 2.33 11.95 9.30 of degree (ft/min) (minute) (°F)
Data show shown in the table 3a-3e, compare with the hot tobacco of discharging from expanding tower with cylinder spraying rearrangement, and humidification is reset the tobacco of cooling, and promptly about 75～95 tobacco can make CV increase by 0.5～1cc/g, and SV increases about 0.3-0.4cc/g.When finding that direct humidification is reset the effluent of tower, it is about 7% preferably to the tobacco spraying its OV/ content to be increased to earlier, and then humidification is reset relatively good.Compare with the tobacco that Initial R H is about the tobacco that 46% humid air resets and is about 30% humid air humidification rearrangement with Initial R H, its CV or SV do not have significant difference; 90 minutes rearrangement tobacco of humidification 60 minutes or humidification is obviously not different yet.Pass the tobacco bed and reset tobacco or air and be upward through the tobacco bed with the speed of about 45ft/min and reset tobacco, the equal no significant difference of its CV or SV but also find to move downward with the speed of about 175-235ft/min by air.In addition, with go out expanding tower after be placed directly in the tobacco of resetting in the environmental chamber of 75 of RH60%, humidity and compare, humidification is reset and can be obtained same or better CVs and SVs.At last, also observe and carry out final rearrangement in spraying the cylinder with the back of spraying and compare, with water spray OV is brought up to 7.5% earlier and can produce better DVs and SVs with the humid air humidification again.Embodiment 4
Carried out the test of the tobacco amount of taking away, channeling and the compression of definite air-flow and air velocity.These tests utilize two PGC environmental chambers to carry out.Actual air flow in two environmental chambers is near 500CFM.Air is to move upward to pass the tobacco bed in a PGC chamber, and air is to move downward to pass the tobacco bed in another PGC.Thick 2 inches tobacco sample is placed on
Vent disk in, this dish have the band sieve aperture bottom and 4 inches high solid side walls.These dishes are placed on the shelf in the environmental chamber.With hardboard cover shelf do not sell at reduced prices son part and seal all slits with adhesive tape, pass sample with forced draft.Can change air velocity by changing the shuttle number that air passed.The tobacco that is used for these tests is used CO
2Soaked and under about 550 °F, expanded.Above-mentioned tobacco once crossed resetting with water spray of phase I after expanding, be controlled in about 75 of temperature in the indoor condition of OV80% duration of test, and RH is about 60%.(Frederick Maryland) is used to measure air velocity with hot-wire array table (Alnor instrument company, Skokic, Illinois, 8525 type thermometers) for air-flow detector, LCA6000 type with vane anemometer.According to air move up and down accordingly with these instruments be placed directly in the top of sample or below.
When air-flow moved upward, can observe tobacco when air-flow starts with the low speed of about 26ft/min had the slight phenomenon of lifting at once.Just form a little channeling then, tobacco also settles out gradually.The result that these channelings form is to find that the air-flow utmost point is unevenly by tobacco bed (about 22-45ft/mim, mean flow rate 26ft/mim).Along with the increase of mean air flow speed, there is more channeling to occur, when reaching 45ft/mim when above, can see that tangible tobacco is carried secretly and " along the phenomenon of loosing ", the thing followed is to occur big channeling on the tobacco bed.
When air-flow moves downward, under all speed that are studied, all observed the phenomenon of compressing and passing the corresponding minimizing of back air velocity of tobacco bed.This results are shown in the table 4.When initial speed is about 192ft/mim, it is about 28% that tobacco bed thickness is compressed, and the result passes air velocity behind the tobacco bed for being reduced to 141ft/mim.When initial air velocity is about 141ft/mim or more hour, half the when decrement of tobacco bed is about initial velocity and is 192ft/mim, the air velocity of passing behind the tobacco bed reduces still less.
Table 4
The tobacco bed compresses the influence to the air velocity of passing through this
Air velocity (ft/mim) bed thick (inch)
All the time % changes % variation all the time
192 141 27 2 1.45 28
161 144 11 2 1.65 18
141 133 6 2 1.70 15
104 98 6 2 1.80 10
43 41 5 2 1.90 5
Can determine based on above experiment, can reset expanding tobacco preferably by humidification under the following conditions;
(a) time: about 60～90 minutes;
(b) RH: initial RH is about 30～45 °F.Final RH is about 60-64%;
(c) temperature: be approximately 75～95.
(d) air velocity: the speed that makes progress is near 45ft/mim, and downward speed is near 235ft/mim.Embodiment 5
Speed with about 150lb/hr makes the mixture of bright and burley by a cooling conveyer, make its before be admitted to the screw that improved Frigoscandia GCP42 type self spirals by about 200 greenhouse cooling to about 35 above-mentioned tobacco compositions according to awaiting the reply, the common people's such as cho that assign patent application S.N.07/717, the 067 described CO that uses
2Soaked, and expanded according to the method for the foregoing description.Tobacco flows to the top by this screw with its bottom.Air-flow be overhead stream with this device to the bottom, produce the adverse current phenomenon substantially of a kind of flow of tobacco and air-flow.Because tobacco is to the result of air continuous dehydration, this device can be reset tobacco by humidification.Its OV was approximately 3% before tobacco entered this processing, and its OV is approximately 11% when leaving, CV after the input material balance is approximately 10.53cc/gm, and the CV that resets after the material balance is approximately 10.46cc/gm, show at filling power and do not have significantly sacrificing through tobacco after resetting processing, that is, the standard analysis of calculating according to variance judges not have significantly sacrificing from its filling power of statistics.In addition, measure by sieve test, what tobacco viscosity also obviously can be surveyed in resetting processing reduces.Embodiment 6
A series of experiment is carried out in utilization expanded respectively growing tobacco under different tower temperature, and wherein, tobacco was rearranged according to method of the present invention.In each is handled, in the screw that an example 5 described Frigocandia spiral automatically, tobacco is reset in the speed (with the tobacco quality of resetting) of about 150lb/hr.Enter the air of resetting device and be controlled in 85 of temperature, relative humidity 62%.Usually, leave its temperature of air of resetting device and be approximately 90-95 °F, relative humidity is approximately 40-45%.As shown in table 5, the tobacco of resetting according to method of the present invention does not have significantly sacrificing aspect the filling power.
Table 5
Tobacco varieties after the balance is handled when going out tower when going out tower when going into tower when going into tower when going out tower when numbering tower temperature is gone into tower
(°F) OV (%) OV (%) CV (cc/gm) OV (%) CV (cc/gm) OV (%) air-curing of tobacco leaves FO 205C 550 2.70 11.16 9.39 11.87 9.40 12.00
FO?205A 610 2.11 11.58 10.41 11.57 10.83 11.56
FO 205B 625 1.87 9.99 11.30 11.30 10.90 11.50 air-curing of tobacco leaves FO 206A 580 2.47 11.09 10.00 12.34 10.20 11.74
FO 217 610 2.59 10.86 10.49 11.79 10.51 11.63 burley tobaccos FO 206B 480 3.11 10.75 12.39 10.91 12.31 10.52
FO?206C 520 2.95 10.22 12.08 10.85 12.41 10.40
FO 214 520 3.00 10.4 11.3 10.4 11.2 10.4 embodiment 7
With the speed of about 200lb/hr OV is about the screw that 21.6% germinating tobacco input example 5 described modified Frigoscandia self spiral, but with this device as drying device.Tobacco is flow through this spiral drying device from the bottom to ground, top.Air-flow then from overhead stream to the bottom, form the phenomenon of the adverse current basically of flow of tobacco and air-flow.In about 60 minutes time of staying, adopt that temperature is approximately 95 °F when entering, RH is approximately 35% air and successfully the OV of tobacco is dried to about 12.2%.The air themperature of leaving drying device is approximately 83 °F, and RH is about 62%.The tobacco that enters and leave drying device is cooled to temperature and is approximately 75 °F, and this shows does not have the heat treatment of generation to tobacco basically.This dry result who handles is that its CV of the tobacco of balance does not change.Adopt higher temperature to carry out the controllable heat treatment of degree and can obtain similar result.
Although especially in conjunction with the preferred embodiments the present invention is explained and illustrates,, those skilled in the art should see under the premise without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention can make various changes aspect form and the details.
Claims (20)
1. method that improves hygroscopicity agricultural product moisture may further comprise the steps:
(a) by formation hygroscopicity agricultural product bed on the bench type conveyer that the hygroscopicity agricultural product is placed on a plurality of laminations,
(b) the hygroscopicity agricultural product on the bed are contacted with a kind of air-flow, described air-flow has the relative humidity near the poised state of hygroscopicity agricultural product, and air-flow flows to another layer with rightabout path, the path of agricultural product bed by one deck basically with a kind of;
(c) increase with bed on the relative humidity of the air-flow that contacts of hygroscopicity agricultural product, thereby increase moisture in the hygroscopicity agricultural product in following mode, the relative humidity of the air-flow that soon contacts with the hygroscopicity agricultural product maintains the poised state near the hygroscopicity agricultural product, until obtaining the desired moisture of hygroscopicity agricultural product, when air-flow flowed with a kind of direction opposite with the path of agricultural product bed, air-flow was dewatered and the hydration gradually of agricultural product quilt gradually thus.
2. method that reduces hygroscopicity agricultural product moisture may further comprise the steps:
(a) by formation hygroscopicity agricultural product bed on the bench type conveyer that the hygroscopicity agricultural product is placed on a plurality of laminations,
(b) the hygroscopicity agricultural product on the bed are contacted with a kind of air-flow, described air-flow has the relative humidity of the poised state that is near or below the hygroscopicity agricultural product, and air-flow flows to another layer with a kind of path of opposite with the path of agricultural product bed basically direction by one deck;
(c) reduce with bed on the relative humidity of the air-flow that contacts of hygroscopicity agricultural product, thereby reduce moisture in the hygroscopicity agricultural product in following mode, the relative humidity of the air-flow that soon contacts with the hygroscopicity agricultural product maintains the poised state that is near or below the hygroscopicity agricultural product, until obtaining the desired moisture of hygroscopicity agricultural product, when air-flow flowed with a kind of direction opposite with the path of agricultural product bed, agricultural product dewatered and the hydration gradually of air-flow quilt gradually thus.
3. as the method for claim 1 or 2, before it is characterized in that contacting with air-flow the temperature of hygroscopicity agricultural product be lower than 38 ℃ (100 °F),
4. as the method for claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that with before hygroscopicity agricultural product and the step that air-flow contacts, the original water content of agricultural product is 1.5-13%.
5. method as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that the original water content of agricultural product is 1.5-6% with before hygroscopicity agricultural product and the step that air-flow contacts.
6. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that the air-flow that contacts with the hygroscopicity agricultural product is that its relative humidity is 30-64% under 21 ℃ (70)～49 ℃ (120) in temperature.
7. method as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that described hygroscopicity agricultural product are tobaccos.
8. method as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that described tobacco is expanded tobacco.
9. method as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that described tobacco is the tobacco of cutting.
10. method as claimed in claim 7, it is characterized in that tobacco be from expanded or not swollen tobacco, whole leaf tobacco, cut apart or any combination of tobacco, tobacco stem, reconstituted tobacco or the above-mentioned tobacco of shredding select.
11. method as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that also being included in step (a) is preheated to the temperature of hygroscopicity agricultural product 121 ℃ (250) before from 38 ℃ (100) step.
12. method as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that step that the hygroscopicity agricultural product contact with air-flow before its temperature be lower than 121 ℃ (250 °F).
13. method as claimed in claim 12, it is characterized in that the hygroscopicity agricultural product with step that air-flow contacts before its temperature be lower than 38 ℃ (100 °F).
14. method as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that the moisture of agricultural product is 11-40% before hygroscopicity agricultural product and step that air-flow contacts.
15. method as claimed in claim 2, the air-flow that it is characterized in that contacting the hygroscopicity agricultural product are that its relative humidity is approximately 20-60% under 21 ℃ (70)-49 ℃ (120) in temperature.
16. method as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that gas flow temperature is approximately 24 ℃ (75)～121 ℃ (250).
17. method as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that with the step that the hygroscopicity agricultural product contact with air-flow it being that the air-flow that utilizes speed to be approximately 0.23-1.22m/s (45-240 feet per minute) carries out.
18. method as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that with the step that the hygroscopicity agricultural product contact with air-flow be by allowing air-flow pass the agricultural product bed downward or upward, or allow gas simultaneously downwards, be upward through the agricultural product bed and realize.
19. claim 1 or 2 described methods is characterized in that described hygroscopicity agricultural product are to select from fruit, vegetables, cereal, coffee, medicinal material, tea or their any combination.
20. method as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that described stand conveyer is a kind of conveying worm, air flow stream is crossed this stand and is passed each continuous lamination continuously.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US969,035 | 1992-10-30 | ||
| US07/969,035 US5383479A (en) | 1992-10-30 | 1992-10-30 | Process for adjusting the moisture content of tobacco |
| US07/969,109 US5526581A (en) | 1992-10-30 | 1992-10-30 | Process for adjusting the moisture content of organic materials |
| US969,109 | 1992-10-30 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1092957A CN1092957A (en) | 1994-10-05 |
| CN1043183C true CN1043183C (en) | 1999-05-05 |
Family
ID=27130521
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN93120741A Expired - Fee Related CN1043183C (en) | 1992-10-30 | 1993-10-29 | Process for adjusting the moisture content of tobacco |
Country Status (32)
| Country | Link |
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| EP (1) | EP0595616B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP3696260B2 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR100281931B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1043183C (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE188846T1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU679003B2 (en) |
| BG (1) | BG62028B1 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR9304433A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2109153C (en) |
| CO (1) | CO4230157A1 (en) |
| CZ (1) | CZ294159B6 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69327631T2 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK0595616T3 (en) |
| EE (1) | EE03289B1 (en) |
| EG (1) | EG20133A (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2144002T3 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI103373B1 (en) |
| GR (1) | GR3033102T3 (en) |
| HK (1) | HK1013785A1 (en) |
| HU (1) | HU219164B (en) |
| LV (1) | LV11096B (en) |
| MX (1) | MX9306795A (en) |
| MY (1) | MY109619A (en) |
| NO (1) | NO304095B1 (en) |
| PL (1) | PL172905B1 (en) |
| PT (1) | PT595616E (en) |
| RO (1) | RO111821B1 (en) |
| RU (1) | RU2120217C1 (en) |
| SK (1) | SK281909B6 (en) |
| TR (1) | TR27107A (en) |
| TW (1) | TW296974B (en) |
| UA (1) | UA29384C2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2283604C2 (en) | 2002-03-14 | 2006-09-20 | Джапан Тобакко Инк. | Method for regulating of material moisture content and apparatus for performing the same |
| TW201233345A (en) * | 2010-12-23 | 2012-08-16 | Philip Morris Prod | Method of treating burley tobacco stems |
| CN103284294B (en) * | 2013-04-16 | 2015-06-10 | 川渝中烟工业有限责任公司 | Cut tobacco drying technology method adopting HDT to reduce hydrocyanic acid release amount of cigarettes |
| CN105520185A (en) * | 2016-01-20 | 2016-04-27 | 长沙鑫迪电子科技有限公司 | Tobacco leaf baking equipment |
| DE102017120626A1 (en) * | 2017-09-07 | 2019-03-07 | Hauni Maschinenbau Gmbh | Conditioning of tobacco |
| FR3085385B1 (en) * | 2018-09-03 | 2021-04-02 | Remi Heliot | THIN LAYER MALTING PROCESS |
| EA202192248A1 (en) * | 2019-04-03 | 2021-12-15 | ДжейТи ИНТЕРНЕШНЛ СА | METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR PROCESSING TOBACCO |
| CN110720654B (en) * | 2019-11-05 | 2022-04-22 | 福建中烟工业有限责任公司 | Method for controlling moisture content of cigarette |
| CN111728258B (en) * | 2020-07-13 | 2022-05-03 | 广西中烟工业有限责任公司 | Pretreatment process for shredding tobacco flakes |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2105848A (en) * | 1935-04-11 | 1938-01-18 | Wurton Machine Company | Method for treating tobacco |
| GB1257444A (en) * | 1969-03-12 | 1971-12-15 | ||
| DE2103671C2 (en) * | 1971-01-27 | 1982-12-23 | Hauni-Werke Körber & Co KG, 2050 Hamburg | Process and system for conditioning tobacco |
| US4241515A (en) * | 1971-01-27 | 1980-12-30 | Hauni-Werke Korber & Co. Kg | Method and apparatus for conditioning tobacco |
| DE2402538C2 (en) * | 1974-01-19 | 1985-05-09 | Hauni-Werke Körber & Co KG, 2050 Hamburg | Method and device for conditioning tobacco |
| US3879857A (en) * | 1974-02-27 | 1975-04-29 | Amf Inc | Spiral moisture equaliser and method of using same |
| US4178946A (en) * | 1976-06-25 | 1979-12-18 | Philip Morris Incorporated | Apparatus and method for control of air relative humidity with reduced energy usage in the treatment of tobacco |
| US4202357A (en) * | 1978-10-27 | 1980-05-13 | Philip Morris Incorporated | Reordering expanded tobacco by water mist |
-
1993
- 1993-10-22 TW TW082108836A patent/TW296974B/zh active
- 1993-10-25 MY MYPI93002207A patent/MY109619A/en unknown
- 1993-10-25 CA CA002109153A patent/CA2109153C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-10-27 ES ES93308562T patent/ES2144002T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-10-27 EP EP93308562A patent/EP0595616B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-10-27 DE DE69327631T patent/DE69327631T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-10-27 TR TR00984/93A patent/TR27107A/en unknown
- 1993-10-27 SK SK1193-93A patent/SK281909B6/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-10-27 AT AT93308562T patent/ATE188846T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-10-27 CO CO93415790A patent/CO4230157A1/en unknown
- 1993-10-27 DK DK93308562T patent/DK0595616T3/en active
- 1993-10-27 PT PT93308562T patent/PT595616E/en unknown
- 1993-10-28 RO RO93-01457A patent/RO111821B1/en unknown
- 1993-10-29 NO NO933932A patent/NO304095B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-10-29 UA UA93002130A patent/UA29384C2/en unknown
- 1993-10-29 PL PL93300893A patent/PL172905B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-10-29 FI FI934821A patent/FI103373B1/en active
- 1993-10-29 HU HU9303088A patent/HU219164B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-10-29 RU RU93049599A patent/RU2120217C1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-10-29 BR BR9304433A patent/BR9304433A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-10-29 BG BG98186A patent/BG62028B1/en unknown
- 1993-10-29 CN CN93120741A patent/CN1043183C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-10-29 CZ CZ19932307A patent/CZ294159B6/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-10-29 LV LVP-93-1174A patent/LV11096B/en unknown
- 1993-10-29 MX MX9306795A patent/MX9306795A/en unknown
- 1993-10-30 EG EG68893A patent/EG20133A/en active
- 1993-10-30 KR KR1019930022825A patent/KR100281931B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-11-01 AU AU50366/93A patent/AU679003B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1993-11-01 JP JP29751093A patent/JP3696260B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1994
- 1994-09-06 EE EE9400141A patent/EE03289B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1998
- 1998-12-24 HK HK98115332A patent/HK1013785A1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
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2000
- 2000-03-29 GR GR20000400791T patent/GR3033102T3/en not_active IP Right Cessation
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