CN104255357A - CGDD (Cumulative Growing Degree-Days) based method for improving longan florescence rate and fruit quality through flower forcing - Google Patents
CGDD (Cumulative Growing Degree-Days) based method for improving longan florescence rate and fruit quality through flower forcing Download PDFInfo
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Abstract
The invention discloses a CGDD (Cumulative Growing Degree-Days) based method for improving the longan florescence rate and the fruit quality through flower forcing. The CGDD based method is established on the basis of the years of practical experience, a growing period and GDD (Growing Degree-Days) based innovative flower forcing technology is innovatively and systematically utilized, and the reasonable timing young sprout forcing, flower forcing and fruit setting is guided. The GDD are used for reflecting the accumulated heat of every growing period of longan trees under the actual environmental conditions and accordingly the flower forcing benefit of the GDD is remarkable and the accuracy is high. The expected accuracy of the expected effect of every growing period, namely the young sprout forcing period, the flower forcing period, the fruit setting period and fruit growing period, is within the range of plus or minus 5% through the CGDD. According to the CGDD based longan chemical flower forcing method, flower buds can be effectively induced, the physiological photosynthetic effect can be enhanced, the flowering and fruit setting of the longan trees can be promoted in a warm climate, the market sales production of logan fresh fruits is significantly improved, the fruiting can be achieved ahead of time, and high production economic returns can be obtained. According to the CGDD based longan flower forcing and management matching technology, the sustainable production of longan under the climate warming environmental conditions can be promoted.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to fruit growing method, particularly improve the method for longan flower formation and fruit setting rate and fruit product matter based on growing degree days in vegetative period.
Background technology
Longan (
dimocarpus longan) be one of main tropical Tropical fruits.Wild longan is the common seeds of southwestern Hainan low mountains and hills ground ground mountain rain forest.Longan is to temperature, CO
2, nutrient and moisture environment change very sensitive, its area annual mean temperature 22-26 DEG C, annual precipitation 900-1700 millimeter.Longan happiness Xerothermic Habitat, Winter-Spring requires low temperature and suitable arid, and between the autumn in summer, vegetative period needs high temperature and abundant rainfall.Longan has 3 kinds of flower pattern: male flower, female flower and hermaphroditism flower.Temperature, illumination, CO
2, nutrition and moisture controls and affect development of floral organs, florescence, output and fruit color, usual fruit blossom tube cell extends and requires low temperature (about 10 DEG C), and temperature raises and suppresses the sprouting of pollen tube growth, powder and fruit-setting rate.Under natural conditions, the induction of flos longan Bud polarization and the formation of flower fringe require that 8-14 ° of C low temperature accumulation reaches hundreds of hours.
But, due to climatic variation the whole world winter and early spring temperature uprise, longan can not get the low temperature can inducing flos longan Bud polarization, inhibits longan inflorescence to generate, causes the florescence not contained, affect setting.In recent years generally find that longan can not natural flowering, even also for many years can not flowering to many orchards, tropic sea Austronesia longan of wild longan area of origin originally from the Florida, USA of North America, causing cannot setting.This problem has been acknowledged as tropical fruit (tree) in global range and has produced one of the most outstanding public difficult problem, jeopardizes the existence of longan industry.
In recent years chemical oxidizing agent (potassium chlorate KClO
3potassium chlorate, sodium chlorate NaClO
3sodium chlorate) be used in longan flower forcing, to solve its normal not flowering in season and its off-season flowering of induction.But this type of flower forcing agent chemical reaction product is a kind of dissolving salt (KCl, NaCl), leaf of easily burning, causes florescence or setting phase to be fallen leaves too early, and impact tree body photosynthesis and organic matter nutrition generate.Recent flower forcing technique also develops into the agent of root applying chemical and carries out flower forcing, but cause orchard worker to put excessively dosage (every tree dosage >2kg) owing to lacking optimization information, add the easy climate of Flower induction effect (as the hurricane heavy rain) impact of chemical agent, thus practical application effect is uneven, and the florescence does not contain.Because income is poor, many longan orchard workers (as various places, Hainan Province) select to chop at a tree to replant other crops.
The longan flower induction method that exploitation efficiently, operability is good, the method improving longan abloom rate, percentage of fertile fruit and fruit product matter has very actual meaning.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method significantly improving longan abloom rate, percentage of fertile fruit and fruit product matter.
The technical solution used in the present invention is:
Improve a method for longan flower formation and fruit setting rate and fruit product matter, comprise the steps:
1) longan growing degree days in vegetative period is initial: after picking preceding quarter fruit, prune the old tip, to prune the starting date that rear next day is designated as longan growing degree-day GDD, starts to calculate longan growing degree days in vegetative period CGDD;
2) young sprout is urged in nutrition: according to tree body size and soil fertility, applies nutrition fertilizer, promotes young sprout growth, prunes young sprout, and the reservation 90 ~ 100 of every tree is suitable for the young sprout of setting;
3) flower forcing induction: when accumulative growing degree-day CGDD reaches 1500 ± 100 DEG C, uses tree crown circumference soil layer root method to discharge short fertilizers for potted flowers and carries out flower forcing induction;
4) branch/tip leaf dormancy induction: when accumulative growing degree-day reaches 1600 ± 100 DEG C, use dormancy inducer, induction branch enters resting state, weakens also and then stops branch/tip leaf growth;
5) impel longan growth to concentrate and be converted into floral organ reproductive growth: when accumulative growing degree-day reaches 1650 ± 100 DEG C, use reproductive growth conditioning agent, impel longan growth to concentrate and transfer floral organ reproductive growth to;
6) floral organ reproductive growth and short flower: when accumulative growing degree-day reaches 1850 ± 100 DEG C, uses short flower nutrient, makes bud sexual organ obtain more sufficient nutrition, promote flower bud differentiation;
Wherein, growing degree days CGDD and growing degree-day GDD computing formula are:
CGDD?=?∑GDDn?=?∑n｛?[(Tmax?+Tmin)?/2]?–?5｝
In formula, T
maxfor the maximum temperature in longan vegetative period 1 day, T
minfor the minimum temperature in vegetative period 1 day, n is number of days in vegetative period, and at daily mean temperature lower than 5 DEG C, or when higher than 35 DEG C, the GDD on the same day is 0.
As the further improvement of said method, short fertilizers for potted flowers main component is potassium chlorate KClO
3.
As the further improvement of said method, dormancy inducer is selected from paclobutrazol (PP
333).
As the further improvement of said method, reproductive growth conditioning agent is selected from gibberellin, defoliant ethrel, uniconazole P.
As the further improvement of said method, short flower growth conditioning agent is selected from gibberellin, defoliant ethrel, uniconazole P.
As the further improvement of said method, Post flowering, executes quick-acting fertilizer, strengthens longan leaf nutrient to promote that physiology is photosynthetic and to produce enough organic substance supply longan settings and fruit growth.
As the further improvement of said method, blade face quick-acting fertilizer is selected from KH
2pO
4, NPK plant vitamin.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
The inventive method, based on vegetative period, the innovation flower forcing technique of growing degree-day instructs in good time reasonably short young sprout, short flower, short fruit, has high efficiency and accuracy.The present invention develops and represents longan under actual environmental conditions and complete the heat that specific growing stage accumulates, i.e. effective accumulated temperature value growing degree-day, coordinate reasonable employment chemistry flower promoter and nutritional agents, reach the short flower of longan and short fruit high benefit, realize longan premature ripening listing (about 2 months).Due to the accumulation heat that growing degree-day is longan each vegetative period under actual environment condition, so its flower forcing high efficiency, accuracy is high.Estimate to use growing degree-day CGDD, each vegetative period, namely interval ± 5% in each short young sprout, short flower, setting and the Expected Results accuracy of long fruit phase.
Based on vegetative period, the longan chemistry flower-forcing method of growing degree-day CGDD can effectively occur by floral bud induction, strengthen physiology photosynthetic, longan is impelled to bloom in warm climates and setting, output can be sold in the market not only can improving longan fresh fruit significantly, and result in advance can be facilitated, thus can be indebted to early market high price, obtain higher production economy return.With management supporting technology, promoting blossom of longan tree based on vegetative period and growing degree-day CGDD is expected to promote that the sustainability of longan under climate warming environmental condition is produced.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is KH after short fertilizers for potted flowers flower forcing
2pO
4longan is bloomed and the effect diagram of setting effect;
Fig. 2 is the every diurnal variation curve of longan flower forcing experimental session (2012-2013) growing degree-day (growing degree-days, GDD);
Fig. 3 is the longan flower forcing flow chart based on growing degree days in vegetative period (cumulative growing degree-days, CGDD);
Fig. 4 is that (main component is KClO to the short fertilizers for potted flowers of chemistry
3) treating capacity impact that longan bouquet is generated;
Fig. 5 is the dependency relation figure between longan physiological variable, and physiological variable comprises leaf stoma degree of leading (g
vs), CO between leaf cell
2concentration (C
i), photosynthetic rate (P
r), carboxylic efficiency (CE), and leaf water-use ratio (T
r), the efficiency of water application (WUE) of photosynthesis;
Fig. 6 is the fertile KH of foliar nutrition
2pO
4process sets physiological effect comparison in difference to longan childhood, and physiological variable comprises photosynthetic active radiation (PAR), leaf stoma CO
2-H
2o degree of leading (g
vs), leaf stoma impedance (R
vs) and Ye Wen-air Temperature Difference (CupT);
Fig. 7 is leaf nutrition KH
2pO
4process and single chemical agent KClO
3flower forcing process affects benefit to longan result;
Fig. 8 is leaf nutrition potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH
2pO
4) the treating capacity significance difference opposite sex that fresh fruit quality (TDS) is affected.
Embodiment
Improve a method for longan flower formation and fruit setting rate and fruit product matter, comprise the steps:
1) longan growing degree days in vegetative period is initial: after picking preceding quarter fruit, prune the old tip, to prune the starting date that rear next day is designated as longan growing degree-day GDD, starts to calculate longan growing degree days in vegetative period CGDD;
2) young sprout is urged in nutrition: according to tree body size and soil fertility, applies nutrition fertilizer, promotes young sprout growth, prunes young sprout, and the reservation 90 ~ 100 of every tree is suitable for the young sprout of setting;
3) flower forcing induction: when accumulative growing degree-day CGDD reaches 1500 ± 100 DEG C, uses tree crown circumference soil layer root method to discharge short fertilizers for potted flowers and carries out flower forcing induction;
4) branch/tip leaf dormancy induction: when accumulative growing degree-day reaches 1600 ± 100 DEG C, use dormancy inducer, induction branch enters resting state, weakens also and then stops branch/tip leaf growth;
5) impel longan growth to concentrate and be converted into floral organ reproductive growth: when accumulative growing degree-day reaches 1650 ± 100 DEG C, use reproductive growth conditioning agent, impel longan growth to concentrate and transfer floral organ reproductive growth to;
6) floral organ reproductive growth and short flower: when accumulative growing degree-day reaches 1850 ± 100 DEG C, uses short flower nutrient, makes bud sexual organ obtain more sufficient nutrition, promote flower bud differentiation;
Wherein, growing degree days CGDD and growing degree-day GDD computing formula are:
CGDD?=?∑GDDn?=?∑n｛?[(Tmax?+Tmin)?/2]?–?5｝
In formula, T
maxfor the maximum temperature in longan vegetative period 1 day, T
minfor the minimum temperature in vegetative period 1 day, n is number of days in vegetative period, and at daily mean temperature lower than 5 DEG C, or when higher than 35 DEG C, the GDD on the same day is 0.
Growing degree-day (growing degree-days, GDD) is the plant growth index based on temperature, is of value to and instructs crop-planting to manage.Bioaccumulation growing degree-day (cumulative growing degree days, CGDD, or claim growth accumulated temperature) be equal to cumulative actual heat.Accumulative growing degree-day refers under actual environmental conditions, and plant completes the accumulation effective accumulated temperature value that a certain growing stage experiences.
The organic generation of photosynthesis and accumulation thereof and mineral matter transporting are that floral bud induction produces and breaks up indispensable nutrition.Longan climax leaves number and KClO
3the quantity significant correlation of flower induction effect and relevant hormonal change and floral bud induction.Rational pruning dwarfing can promote young sprout branch growth, increases light transmittance, contributes to that fruit tree blooms, setting and fruit development play regulatory role.
Nutrition fertilizer applies to determine according to tree body size and soil fertility, and the amount of application scope of nutrition fertilizer is 0.5 ~ 1.5 kg/, and NPK nutrients ratio is 15-15-15; Be suitable for the young sprout of setting, its growth angle is 50 ~ 60 o.
The effect of dormancy inducer is suppress the synthesis by suppressing plant endogenous hormones gibberellin division and the elongation of plant cell and weaken plant apical growth advantage, and then making longan enter resting stage.The dormancy inducer that this area is commonly used has paclobutrazol (PP
333), chlormequat (CCC).
As the further improvement of said method, reproductive growth conditioning agent is selected from gibberellin, defoliant ethrel, uniconazole P.
As the further improvement of said method, short flower growth conditioning agent is selected from gibberellin, defoliant ethrel, uniconazole P.
As the further improvement of said method, Post flowering, executes quick-acting fertilizer, strengthens longan leaf nutrient to promote that physiology is photosynthetic and to produce enough organic substance supply longan settings and fruit growth.
As the further improvement of said method, blade face quick-acting fertilizer is selected from KH
2pO
4, NPK plant vitamin.
The effect of reproductive growth conditioning agent is to promote cell division, promotes flower_bud formation and differentiation, Accelerate bloom, breaks plant dormancy.The reproductive growth conditioning agent that this area is commonly used has gibberellin, defoliant ethrel, uniconazole P, the complex cell mitogen " greenery " etc. that Guangdong, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province orchard worker's industry science and technology Chemical Co., Ltd. produces.
The effect of short flower growth conditioning agent is to weaken shoot and leaf growth, makes bud sexual organ obtain more sufficient nutrition, promotes flower bud differentiation, and the short flower growth conditioning agent that this area is commonly used has gibberellin GA, defoliant ethrel, uniconazole P etc.
Below in conjunction with concrete experimental implementation, further illustrate technical scheme of the present invention.
material
Longan childhood tree and bearing tree Flower induction and setting phase Physiological Experiment be built up in Yongfa orchard, Dengmai County, the central and north, Hainan Province.Sample plot soil is acid sandy red soil (pH 5.22), chemical property quantitative analysis (n=20) display soil organic matter level medium (3.1 ± 0.6%), effective K
+ion concentration higher (126 ± 27 mg/kg), but the poor (NO of Main Nutrients N
32.3 ± 1.4 mg/kg), commutative P ion moderate (36 ± 13 mg/kg).For more reliable with inspection experiment process is to the flower forcing of longan physiology and nutrition regulation benefit all sidedly, longan test tree type is selected to contain and is set (2 years age of trees) and each 36 of bearing tree (10 years age of trees) childhood.Longan kind is ' stone gorge ', is one of current domestic main grafting breeding.Experiment material also comprises NPK compound nutritional fertilizer, paclobutrazol kills tip element, flower forcing agent potassium chlorate (KClO
3), defoliant, gibberellin of plant growth regulator (gibberellins, GA) and mineral leaf nutrient potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH
2pO
4).
longan flower forcing experimental technique
The computing formula of growing degree-day (GDD) and growing degree days (CGDD):
GDD=(T
max+ T
min)/2-5, when daily mean temperature lower than 5 DEG C or higher than 35 DEG C when, the GDD on the same day is 0;
In formula, T
maxfor the maximum temperature (DEG C) in longan vegetative period 1 day, T
minfor the minimum temperature (DEG C) in vegetative period 1 day;
CGDD be growth week its numerical value starting rear each day GDD add and, its computing formula is:
CGDD?=?∑GDDn?=?∑n｛?[(Tmax?+Tmin)?/2]?–?5｝
In formula, n is for being number of days in vegetative period.
the tip is urged in pruning-nutrition and growing degree days is initial
The old tip of fruit tree may be hidden germ and insect, and inferior capabilities of yielding positive results, prunes the old tip with disease-free, the great-hearted young sprout of short length.The young sprout (New growth) that the old tip of rational pruning (pruning) and short ankylose are suitable for yielding positive results is the prerequisite of flower forcing.Preceding quarter fruit pick at the end of at the bottom of June, carry out immediately pruning the old tip, be trimmed to apart from about 1.5 meters, ground eminence.Longan growing degree-day (GDD) after cutting young sprout growth initial time (July 1) start calculate, now CGDD is 0.
The growth of tip branch is nourished and grown.Nutrition fertilizer is added with being in proportion with short extending shoot by longan volume immediately after pruning.Nutrition is treated to sets 0.5kg and every chemically composited fertile N-P of bearing tree 1.5 kg every childhood
2o
5-K
2o(15-15-15), disposable interpolation around circumference soil layer root under tree crown, spreads the protection of table soil and avoids leaching loss.
Branch bar grows after several are appropriate to the young sprout of setting, carries out once again selecting cutting, and the reservation 90 ~ 100 of every tree is the most sturdy, be most suitable for setting (growth angle 50 ~ 60o) young sprout.When short tip process completes, meet the newborn height of tree 3.2 ± 0.9 m of flower forcing needs, tree crown 4.1 ± 1.2 m.New stem tip branch is healthy, life is flourishing.Whole short tip process need 60 days.For at the bottom of August at the end of short tip process.Short tip process growing degree days is CGDD 1500 DEG C.
root method executes short fertilizers for potted flowers KClO
3
flower forcing
During growing degree days CGDD 1500 DEG C, (main component is KClO to use tree crown circumference soil layer root method to discharge ' ligustrum malongense ' short fertilizers for potted flowers
3, Fujian Province's agricultural university/Tropical Agricultural University Of South China) and carry out flower forcing induction.In view of longan root system is distributed in tree crown circumference more, therefore tree crown circumference place root is executed and is conducive to root system efficient absorption short flower active ingredient.
Short fertilizers for potted flowers usage amount is directly proportional to crown diameter, volume size.The KClO that childhood sets
3the amount of discharging is every tree 0,0.20,0.40,0.60 kg, and bearing tree every tree flower forcing dosage is 0,0.40,0.60,0.80 kg.Two type tree blank repeat to be respectively 3(n
control=3), the short every dosage process of fertilizers for potted flowers repeats to be 11 (n
kClO3=11), namely every class tree-shaped adds up to 3+3 × 11=36 longan.
Concrete root applying method is as follows: output ground surface soil groove (0.10 m is wide, and 0.05 m is dark) along tree crown circumference, then discharge flower forcing agent KClO along tree crown circumference soil box ditch
3, water moistening flower forcing agent, buries table soil.
branch/tip leaf dormancy induction
Branch/tip leaf induced dormancy (dormancy), termination branch/tip leaf growth is the necessary preparation of flower forcing.When CGDD is 1600 DEG C, namely discharge short fertilizers for potted flowers after 5 days, use biochemical method induction branch/tip leaf to enter resting state.First use and kill tip element paclobutrazol PP
333(50 mg/L, Guangxi spirit biochemical industry Co., Ltd product) sprays tree crown branch, spray again after 1 week use low concentration (30 mg/L) kill tip element, strengthen longan dormancy degree, stop branch/tip leaf growth completely.
impel plant growth to concentrate and be converted into floral organ reproductive growth
During growing degree days CGDD 1850 DEG C, branch/tip leaf stops growing completely, now discharges complex cell mitogen ' greenery ' (Guangzhou Yue Guo agrochemistry Science and Technology Ltd.), and it is containing gibberellin GA, 30 mg/L; Floral organ reproductive growth starts.Now, branch/tip leaf resting stage has also been broken.But plant growth is taken as the leading factor with floral organ reproductive growth.Be now late September, growing degree days is CGDD 2100 DEG C.
promote floral organ reproductive growth and short flower
Originate in growing degree days CGDD 2150 DEG C, use defoliant (' leaflet is how de-', Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences), concentration is 30 mg/L, spray around floral organ reproduction place, weaken periphery shoot and leaf growth, impel bud sexual organ to obtain more sufficient nutrition, promote flower bud differentiation.The 30 day time of needs of blooming is formed into from flower bud differentiation, bud bundle.Bloom at the beginning of 11 months initial, CGDD is 2850 DEG C.Be mid-November when longan is bloomed vigorous, CGDD reaches 3100 DEG C.
the short fruit of nutrition
After induced flowering, use potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH immediately
2pO
4), strengthen longan leaf nutrient to promote that physiology is photosynthetic and to produce enough organic substance supply longan settings and fruit growth.Its treating capacity is 0,200,400,600 mg/L, it is directly sprayed on branches and leaves respectively at setting initial (CGDD 3250 DEG C) and fruit expansion stage (CGDD 4000 DEG C).Absorb PK nutritive element by leaf portion, promote tree crown leaf photosynthesis, the organic substance making it photosynthetic produced conveying bud fruit growth needs and optimizes fruit quality.Bloom to the 15 day time of the initial needs of setting from longan, initial-setting initiating process growing degree days of blooming is 400 DEG C, is therefore 3250 DEG C from the short tip to the initial total growing degree days of setting.
Be necessary to point out, short fertilizers for potted flowers blank processes tree (childhood sets and each 3 of bearing tree) can not continue test because do not bloom, so from the setting stage of blooming, the longan continuing test is all through short fertilizers for potted flowers KClO
3process is bloomed, and every class tree-shaped is 33 trees.Then setting stage leaf nutrition potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH is being carried out
2pO
4) test time, wherein the blank of every class tree-shaped repeats as 3(n
kClO3=3), KH
2pO
4repeating of process is 10 (n
kClO3+KH2PO4=10) every class tree-shaped 3+3 × 10=33 tree, is namely added up to.
interpretation
Computing formula according to above-mentioned growing degree-day (GDD) and growing degree days (CGDD) calculates, and shows 2 years experimental session GDD every day values and becomes spoke between 5.5-27.6 DEG C.Experiment periods GDD annual mean and the similar (GDD 20.3 ± 4.76 DEG C in 2012 of standard deviation, GDD 20.0 ± 4.55 DEG C in 2013), annual growing degree days CGDD value 2012 slightly high (7415 DEG C), but compare 2013 (7288 DEG C) and there is no significant difference.The experimental session winter of 2 years (the 1-3 month) thermal change is remarkable, and there are a little thermal fluctuation in spring, summer (the 4-9 month), and the heat in autumn becomes spoke increases (Fig. 2).Longan accumulates CGDD display linear pattern ascendant trend (Fig. 3) vegetative period.All GDD low values (< 15 DEG C) occur in winter (Fig. 2), but still do not have enough low temperature induction growth of flower buds.Allly do not discharge flower forcing agent KClO
3longan (blank) all do not grow bud (Fig. 4).
According to every degree/day of longan vegetative period (short young sprout, flower forcing, bud stage, flowering stage, setting phase, long fruit phase, maturing stage) period actual monitoring, it is 6050 DEG C that longan growth cycle always accumulates CGDD.Longan corresponding growing degree-day accumulation curve display in each vegetative period linear pattern utilizing equation [1] to calculate rises (Fig. 3).By market discipline, the longan price that early goes public during the 2-5 month is higher, and before therefore regulation and administration arranging, longan is picked complete season in June, then weeding, prunes the old tip, dwarfing and cleaning, starts short young sprout July.Therefore, longan CGDD in vegetative period is from July 1 short young sprout
Before flower forcing, later stage adds up growing degree-day (Fig. 3).Flower forcing preliminary stage (short young sprout) growing degree days CGDD value is 1500 DEG C; Flower forcing later stage (discharges KClO
3-hypnosis control shoot-Flower induction (anthogenesis organ growth)-bud occurs) CGDD value reaches 2850 DEG C.
Flowering stage continues 20 days.Florescence from bud, flower rudiment, the flowers are in blossom to thank spend the time add up to 4 weeks, accumulate CGDD value total 400 DEG C during this.When setting is initial, total growing degree days CGDD value reaches 3250 (Fig. 3).Need 145 days from setting-fruit sporophore growth to fruit maturation, this one-phase heat accumulation amount CGDD increases by 2800 DEG C.Need 280 days altogether from short young sprout-flower forcing-bloom-this complete process of setting-fruit maturation, CGDD amounts to 6050 DEG C (Fig. 3).
Short process of spend-blooming is especially crucial and complicated.Short flower preliminary stage (short young sprout-hypnosis control shoot phase) CGDD value accounts for total accumulation CGDD value 30.6% (1850/6050); Flower forcing later stage (floral organ reproductive growth-bud emergence period) accounts for 13.2%(800/6050); Bloom-the setting initial phase accounts for 6.6% (400/6050).Amount to, longan is urged young sprout-flower forcing-Xie and is spent stage accumulation CGDD value to account for the total growing degree days 52.9% (3200/6050) of whole process of growth, accounts for 47.1% (2850/6050) from setting to fruit maturation stage CGDD value.
As shown in Figure 1, root has discharged short fertilizers for potted flowers KClO
3nutrient potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH has been discharged with blade face
2pO
4) longan is bloomed vigorous (A), setting vigorous (B), result is evenly very large, has market sale high value (C).
the benefit of the tip, flower forcing and the nutrition of reinforcement leaf is urged in good time dwarfing based on CGDD
The nutrition fertilizer added with being in proportion by longan volume facilitates the growth of young sprout branch.Compared with blank (not adding chemically composited fertilizer), (every childhood sets 0.5 kg and every bearing tree 1.5 kg N-P to chemically composited fertile NPK dosage
2o
5-K
2o 15-15-15) significantly increase young sprout branch diameter and elongation.
At short fertilizers for potted flowers KClO
3action condition under, it is 38 ± 9 (n=33, blank becomes bouquet amount to be 0, is not counted in) that longan sets into bouquet amount childhood, and longan bearing tree bouquet amount is 69 ± 8 (n=33, blank becomes bouquet amount to be 0, is not counted in).Short fertilizers for potted flowers KClO
3process and find relative to blank for longan Cheng Hualiang otherness impact inspection, KClO
3lowest dose level is facilitated all significantly and is improve longan tree childhood and bearing tree Cheng Hualiang, (Fig. 4).And relative to these lowest dose levels, median dose KClO
30.30 kg (tree childhood) and 0.60 kg (bearing tree) still can facilitate significantly again and to set into flower amount childhood with raising longan, but work as KClO
3rise to maximum dose level (0.40 kg, childhood set; 0.60 kg, bearing tree), the slightly high but approximate flower forcing benefit (Fig. 4) being equal to median dose of its flower forcing benefit.
Longan Net long wave radiation in flowering stage PAR mean value is 1015 μm of ol m
-2s
-1, Ye Wen T
rmean value is 33.9 DEG C, all very little (the 83.6 μm of ol m of the two standard error value
-2s
-1and 1.53 DEG C, table 1).CO between leaf cells
2concentration (C
i) maximum is 302 μm of ol m
-2s
-1, mean value is 230.9 μm of ol m
-2s
-1, be Atmospheric CO
2concentration (C
a) 62%, as C
i/ C
ashown in ratio (0.62, table 1).C
i/ C
aratio maximum 0.78, close to C
i/ C
a2 times of ratio minimum of a value.Leaf water-use ratio T
rmean value is 3.80 μm of ol m
-2s
-1, be leaf stoma CO
2-H
2o degree of leading g
vs9 times.Photosynthetic rate P
rmean value is 17.9 μm of ol m
-2s
-1, by photosynthetic rate relative to CO between leaf cell
2concentration and the carboxylic efficiency mean value obtained is 0.08 mmol m
-2s
-1, efficiency of water application (WUE) mean value of photosynthesis is 4.929 μm of ol mmol
-1(table 1).Longan photosynthetic rate P
r, carboxylic efficiency CE and photosynthetic efficiency of water application WUE maximum occur in KH
2pO
4treatment region, and these productivity target variable minimum of a values occur in clear area, show KH
2pO
4process the facilitation to longan photosynthetic product and efficiency of water application.
Longan physiologic variables has significant dependency relation.Regression Analysis Result shows, leaf stoma CO
2-H
2o degree of leading g
vsand CO between leaf cell
2concentration C
ibecome positive correlation, its correlation coefficient is up to 0.75(Fig. 5 A).CO between leaf cell
2concentration C
ihigher, photosynthetic rate P
ralso correspondingly increase (
r 2=0.57, Fig. 5 B).CO between carboxylic efficiency CE and leaf cell
2concentration (C
i) and Atmospheric CO
2concentration (C
a) ratio display positive correlation but C
i/ C
aduring ratio > 0.6, carboxylic efficiency CE shows downward trend (Fig. 5 C).Leaf water-use ratio T
rlow is 29 mmol m
-2s
-1time, the efficiency of water application (WUE) of photosynthesis is high, and when leaf water-use ratio increases, efficiency of water application (WUE) step-down (
r 2=0.69, Fig. 5 D).
Leaf nutrient potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH
2pO
4) process affect highly significant (table 1) to longan physiology is photosynthetic.With KClO
3contrast, leaf nutrient KH
2pO
4process promotes to improve CO between longan photosynthetic active radiation PAR, leaf cells significantly
2concentration C
i, photosynthetic rate P
r, CO between leaf cell
2concentration C
iwith Atmospheric CO
2concentration C
aratio C
i/ C
a, carboxylic efficiency CE and photosynthesis efficiency of water application WUE.Meanwhile, leaf nutrient KH
2pO
4process reduces leaf temperature LT, leaf water-use ratio T significantly
rwith leaf stoma CO
2-H
2o degree of leading g
vs(table 1).
Table 1 leaf nutrition KH
2pO
4process and short fertilizers for potted flowers KClO
3process and the impact of longan bearing tree in flowering stage and fruit development period physiologic variables and photosynthetic benefit is contrasted
∮net long wave radiation PAR (μm ol m
-2s
-1), CO between Ye Wen LT (DEG C), leaf cell
2concentration C
i(μm ol m
-2s
-1), leaf water-use ratio T
r(μm ol m
-2s
-1), leaf stoma CO
2-H
2o degree of leading g
vs(μm ol m
-2s
-1), photosynthetic rate P
r(μm ol m
-2s
-1), carboxylic efficiency CE (mol m
-2s
-1), efficiency of water application WUE (μm ol mol of photosynthesis
-1).
Leaf nutrient KH
2pO
4processing time to childhood longan photosynthetic active radiation PAR, leaf stoma CO
2-H
2o degree of leading g
vs, leaf stoma impedance R
vswith Ye Wen-air Temperature Difference CupT affect highly significant (Fig. 6).Photosynthetic active radiation and leaf stoma degree of leading g
vsvalue is along with KH
2pO
4the amount of discharging and increase (Fig. 6 A), leaf stoma impedance R
vswith Ye Wen-air Temperature Difference CupT value along with KH
2pO
4the amount of discharging and reducing (Fig. 6 B).These experimental results demonstrate after pruning-urge this process of the tip-control shoot, apply leaf nutritive element can make longan more efficiency utilization light radiation and leaf stoma CO in flowering stage and fruiting period
2and improve its photosynthesis P
r, carboxylic efficiency CE and photosynthesis efficiency of water application WUE (table 1).
downgrade the relation of control shoot-flower forcing-Ye nutrition and Longan Output and quality
Rational root urgees fertilizers for potted flowers KClO
3process and leaf nutrient KH
2pO
4process make longan bloom vigorous, result is evenly very large, color of the leather evenly (Fig. 1 A, 1C), thus has market high value.Discharge flower forcing agent KClO equally
3but there is no KH
2pO
4the longan fruit of process is less than normal, and lack market high value, especially wherein 5-8% fruit is too little does not meet list marketing standard.Only discharging short fertilizers for potted flowers KClO
3treatment conditions under, every bearing tree vendible longan fresh fruit output average out to 40 kg(n=3).Rationally carrying out nutrient KH in good time
2pO
4treatment conditions under, 57-66 kg(Fig. 7 brought up to significantly by every vendible fresh fruit average yield of adult tree), on average every childhood sets vendible longan fresh fruit output is 28 ± 9 kg.The short fertilizers for potted flowers KClO of mathematics quantitative testing result verification
3process and leaf nutrient KH
2pO
4process interacts on the significance difference opposite sex (Fig. 7) increasing the impact of longan fruit yield.Tukey ' s checks honest significant difference value (Tukey ' s Honestly Significant Difference) kg(n=10, HSD=6.2).
Longan fruit qualitative effects factor depends on that leaf nutrient manages.Inspection comparing result finds short fertilizers for potted flowers KClO
3and leaf nutrient KH
2pO
4remarkable on the impact of longan fruit quality and leaf liquid NK content.Rational leaf nutrient KH
2pO
4process not only can significantly improve longan market value (fruit size, color evenness and output), and significantly increases pulp net weight and fruit quality (containing pol, K
+content and TDS etc.) (Fig. 8).Leaf nutrient KH
2pO
4process makes on average every 10 longan pulp nt wt net weights bring up to 31 g from 22 g.The average of fruit is 15.4% containing pol.Adding 200 ppm dosage nutrient KH
2pO
4under treatment conditions, the TDS mean concentration of fresh fruit is significantly increased to 13.2%, and as nutrient KH
2pO
4when dosage is to 400-ppm, TDS can also bring up to 16.5% (Tukey ' s check honest significant difference value, Tukey ' s Honestly Significant Difference HSD=3.1%, n=10) more significantly.
Based on temperature fluctuation change between year border, area, the growing degree-day CGDD value deviation obtained in application the present invention experiment, in ± 100 DEG C, estimates the distinct economic that can obtain promoting blossom of longan tree being urged to fruit.
Claims (7)
1. improve a method for longan abloom rate and fruit product matter, comprise the steps:
1) longan growing degree days in vegetative period is initial: after picking preceding quarter fruit, prune the old tip, to prune the starting date that rear next day is designated as longan growing degree-day GDD, starts to calculate longan growing degree days in vegetative period CGDD;
2) young sprout is urged in nutrition: according to tree body size and soil fertility, applies nutrition fertilizer, promotes young sprout growth, prunes young sprout, and the reservation 90 ~ 100 of every tree is suitable for the young sprout of setting;
3) flower forcing induction: when accumulative growing degree-day CGDD reaches 1500 ± 100 DEG C, uses tree crown circumference soil layer root method to discharge short fertilizers for potted flowers and carries out flower forcing induction;
4) branch/tip leaf dormancy induction: when accumulative growing degree-day reaches 1600 ± 100 DEG C, use dormancy inducer, induction branch enters resting state, weakens also and then stops branch/tip leaf growth;
5) impel longan growth to concentrate and be converted into floral organ reproductive growth: when accumulative growing degree-day reaches 1650 ± 100 DEG C, use reproductive growth conditioning agent, impel longan growth to concentrate and transfer floral organ reproductive growth to;
6) floral organ reproductive growth and short flower: when accumulative growing degree-day reaches 1850 ± 100 DEG C, uses short flower nutrient, makes bud sexual organ obtain more sufficient nutrition, promote flower bud differentiation;
Wherein, growing degree days CGDD and growing degree-day GDD computing formula are:
CGDD?=?∑GDDn?=?∑n｛?[(T
max?+T
min)?/2]?–?5｝
In formula, T
maxfor the maximum temperature in longan vegetative period 1 day, T
minfor the minimum temperature in vegetative period 1 day, n is number of days in vegetative period, and at daily mean temperature lower than 5 DEG C, or when higher than 35 DEG C, the GDD on the same day is 0.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: short fertilizers for potted flowers main component is potassium chlorate KClO
3.
3. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: dormancy inducer is selected from paclobutrazol (PP
333).
4. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: reproductive growth conditioning agent is selected from gibberellin, defoliant ethrel, uniconazole P.
5. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: short flower growth conditioning agent is selected from gibberellin, defoliant ethrel, uniconazole P.
6. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: Post flowering, executes quick-acting fertilizer, strengthens longan leaf nutrient to promote that physiology is photosynthetic and to produce enough organic substance supply longan settings and fruit growth.
7. method according to claim 6, is characterized in that: blade face quick-acting fertilizer is selected from KH
2pO
4, NPK plant vitamin.
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| CN104904505A (en) * | 2015-05-12 | 2015-09-16 | 广西大学 | Longan heavy retractive pruning tree flower-formation promoting method |
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| CN110226447A (en) * | 2019-07-29 | 2019-09-13 | 中国热带农业科学院香料饮料研究所 | A kind of Exogenous gibberellic acid increasing fringe method of pepper |
| CN110352774A (en) * | 2019-08-16 | 2019-10-22 | 冼志强 | A kind of promoting blossom of longan tree in irregular season method |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104904505A (en) * | 2015-05-12 | 2015-09-16 | 广西大学 | Longan heavy retractive pruning tree flower-formation promoting method |
| CN108154320A (en) * | 2018-02-08 | 2018-06-12 | 湖南环境生物职业技术学院 | The photosynthetic benefit budgetary estimate method in clone China fir blade face |
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| WO2019172854A1 (en) | 2018-03-08 | 2019-09-12 | Boussen Aziza | Planner-precursor of crop interventions and of phytosanitary control |
| CN110226447A (en) * | 2019-07-29 | 2019-09-13 | 中国热带农业科学院香料饮料研究所 | A kind of Exogenous gibberellic acid increasing fringe method of pepper |
| CN110226447B (en) * | 2019-07-29 | 2022-01-21 | 中国热带农业科学院香料饮料研究所 | Exogenous gibberellin spike increasing method for pepper |
| CN110352774A (en) * | 2019-08-16 | 2019-10-22 | 冼志强 | A kind of promoting blossom of longan tree in irregular season method |
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