CN104203002A - 一种低卡路里含量的抗氧化成分、其获得工艺以及用途 - Google Patents
一种低卡路里含量的抗氧化成分、其获得工艺以及用途 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种低卡路里含量的抗氧化成分,通过包括以下步骤的一工艺获得:(a)选择至少一种高抗氧化剂含量的水果和/或植物体作为原材料,其抗氧化剂含量大于6g/100g干重;(b)通过磨、挤和/或压所述原材料的方法获得果汁和果肉;(c)从上一步获得的所述果肉中提取糖分,以制得一低卡路里含量的果肉;(d)将所述果肉脱水,其脱水方法选自于:风干、应用真空的低温干燥和/或冷冻干燥;(e)研磨所述果肉,以制得低卡路里含量的所述抗氧化成分。同时,本发明也涉及所述成分的获得工艺以及将所述成分用于功能食物的用途。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及食品工业领域,尤其涉及一种富含抗氧化剂的新型功能饮料,其中所述抗氧化剂为低卡路里含量的植物成分。
背景技术
抗氧化剂由于能够保护有机体抵抗氧化性损伤(细胞,DNA,蛋白质,脂肪等)并且对基因表达产生影响而成为日常饮食的必需成分。食用足够的富含抗氧化剂的食物和饮料可以增加血浆中抗氧化剂(维生素C和E,多酚,类胡萝卜素)的浓度,这与明显减少慢性疾病(心血管病,癌症,神经退化)的危险因素和降低死亡率有着很大的关系(何瑞尔(Herreal)等人,《关于健康和疾病方面的抗氧化食品和补品》,营养学评论,2009年,第67卷,140-144页)。
食物中抗氧化剂的性能、代谢和效果取决于抗氧化剂发生作用的区域。由维生素、多酚和类胡萝卜素组成的一部分抗氧化剂(Ⅰ型)能够在小肠内溶解从而变得可被生物利用,当这些抗氧化剂被小肠壁吸收以后,可以穿过小肠进入血液,并且被输送至细胞以及各种组织来发挥它们的保护作用。
由多酚和类胡萝卜素组成的另一部分抗氧化剂(Ⅱ型)在通过小肠时不发生变化从而无法被生物利用,这是由于这些物质不溶于消化液。之所以不溶是因为这些抗氧化剂与植物性食物基体的高分子(蛋白质,多糖)和纤维相连。然而,当植物性食物基体到达大肠时,主要存在于结肠中的肠道菌群的细菌开始作用,使得抗氧化剂释放,从而导致抗氧化剂含量增加,高抗氧化剂状态能够预防炎症和息肉以及隐窝的出现,这有利于提高肠道健康以及预防退行性细胞过程。此外,多种抗氧化剂代谢产物被释放,这些代谢产物被结肠吸收,进入血液,并通过血液输送发挥其全身效应。(G·威廉森(Willamson G)和马那奇(Manach),《多酚在人体中的生物利用度和生物有效性,第二部分,93个干预实验的回顾》,美国临床营养学杂志,2005年,第81卷,243-255页)。
Ⅰ型抗氧化剂可以通过溶剂从食物或者植物体中提取,因此可以获得不同商业用途的抗氧化剂浓缩物,其可以用于添加到食物和功能饮料中。然而Ⅱ型抗氧化剂不能通过溶剂来提取,因而市场上也没有这类抗氧化剂的预备品或浓缩物。但是一定要注意,如地中海饮食模式这样的健康饮食包含大量的Ⅱ型抗氧化剂,Ⅱ型抗氧化剂的摄入量几乎与Ⅰ型抗氧化剂相同。也就是说健康的饮食应该摄入足够多的Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型抗氧化剂,换句话说,由于发达国家的饮食中抗氧化剂的摄入量较低,因此通过一种平衡的方法来增加抗氧化剂的摄取是可取的。(埃兰(Arranz)等,《常被忽略的不可提取的多酚是日常饮食中多酚的主要部分,西班牙饮食研究》,分子营养和食物研究,2010年,第54卷,1646-1658页)
果汁和软饮料都是消耗量大且日常消费的产品(在西班牙,人均消耗超过250ml),因此通过向果汁和饮料中添加一些对健康有益并且在发达国家的日常饮食中缺乏的成分,是一种增加这些成分摄入量的有效途径。近年来,饮料行业的竞争非常激烈,为了满足对于健康产品的需求,市场上推出了各种具有特殊性能的产品。其中包括了具有低卡路里含量,富含抗氧化剂、纤维或者其他公认为有益营养和健康的物质的饮料。
在这样的背景下,目前市场上出现了一类饮料,这类饮料以富含抗氧化剂为特征、以提高饮食质量、预防与氧化应激有关的慢性疾病为目标。这些饮料如石榴汁、樱桃汁,热带水果汁,可可饮料或者无酒精葡萄酒。还有一些添加果汁的奶制品。用于这类饮料制品的水果通常都有较高含量的天然抗氧化剂,这些抗氧化剂在加工过程中进入液相(果汁或饮料)。
专利ES2229575中介绍了一种用提取物和植物浸剂生产的抵抗氧化应激的饮料,饮料中包含了多种非抗氧化维生素,每100千卡可优选地含有20mg到200mg的无色多酚抗氧化剂提取物。但是,这个发明产品中抗氧化剂的总含量低于多数天然果汁饮料(樱桃,石榴,无酒精葡萄酒等)中抗氧化剂的含量。
专利ES2074031中介绍了一种能量饮料,通过将果汁(橙汁)与人参提取液混合而制成,但是人参提取液中含有潜在的兴奋物质(皂苷)。
专利ES2195007中介绍了一种作为营养补充品的饮料及其制备过程,该饮料包含水、乳清蛋白、多种碳水化合物、维生素和矿物质。
专利ES2217979中要求保护了一种饮食饮料由柠檬汁和西柚汁的混合液组成。
专利ES2299288中介绍了一种功能性饮料,以一种非抗氧化剂、未发酵奶制品(脱脂牛奶)为基础,通过向其中加入果汁赋予这种饮料一定的抗氧化能力,但这种抗氧化能力明显低于果汁本身或者是富共轭亚油酸油脂浓缩物的抗氧化能力。
通过分析目前的这些专利和产品,可以很明显的看出这一领域向天然抗氧化饮料发展的趋势,这些天然抗氧化饮料使用高抗氧化剂含量的一种水果或多种水果混合而制成。另一个发展趋势是富含多种化合物(多种维生素、矿物质、纤维、必需脂肪酸、电解质等)或者用抗氧化剂作为增加功能的功能饮料,但是在这些案例中抗氧化剂的含量都要低于果汁或者天然抗氧化饮料中抗氧化剂的含量。
但是,所有的这些果汁或者抗氧化饮料,不管是天然的还是通过不同的配方制备的,都缺少与植物基体相连的抗氧化剂(Ⅱ型)。因此,本发明致力于恢复并增加在流行的果汁和饮料产品中所没有的天然原材料(水果,植物基质)中的抗氧化剂。为了做到这一点,本文提供一种对高抗氧化剂或超高抗氧化剂含量原材料的加工过程。一种具有高抗氧化能力低卡路里含量的干粉可以添加到目前市场上的饮料中,并能够赋予这些饮料高抗氧化能力和与市场上的抗氧化饮料所不同的性质。这种干粉也可以作为功能成分和膳食补充剂添加到其他食物中,此外,也减少了某些抗氧化剂水果和植物原料在加工过程中产生的浪费。
因此,本发明要解决的技术问题主要是重获一类高含量的天然抗氧化剂,这种抗氧化剂虽然是不溶的或者无法使用溶剂提取的,但是它们有着特殊的营养价值,特别是对于营养和健康。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的在于提供一种低卡路里含量(少于20kcal/100g)的抗氧化成分,通过包括以下步骤的一工艺获得:
(a)选择一种高抗氧化剂含量(等于或大于6g/100g干重)的原材料,所述原材料选自于至少一种水果和/或植物体;
(b)通过一种传统的方法从选择的原材料中获得果汁和果肉,传统方法可以包括磨、挤和/或压,为达此目的,可以使用市场上的任何可利用的设备或传统步骤;
(c)从上一步获得的果肉中提取糖分,以制得一种低卡路里含量(不高于20kcal/100g)的果肉。提取糖分的这一步骤可以优选地通过乙醇/水溶液洗涤果肉来实施。优选地,所述步骤在50℃以下的温度、搅拌和/或逆流的条件下进行,将含有果肉中糖分的洗涤液排出。乙醇/水混合液的比例、以及洗涤液比率/果肉重量、时间、洗涤温度等都将根据原材料中糖分和抗氧化剂的含量来确定;
(d)将果肉彻底脱水,优选地通过选择下列方法来实施:风干(托盘或其他体系);优选地以低于70℃、应用真空的低温干燥和/或冷冻干燥;
(e)将果肉脱水后,脱水果肉的含水量优选地小于或等于6%,研磨脱水果肉。
这一步的研磨可以通过锤式粉碎机、离心粉碎机和/或任何微粉化或封装体系来实施,优选地产生粒径小于0.5mm的干粉,其构成了富含抗氧化剂和纤维并且卡路里含量低的功能成分。
此外,本发明的另一个目的在于提供一种根据上述步骤获得低卡路里含量的抗氧化成分的工艺。
同时,本发明的另一个目的在于提供一种使用低卡路里含量的所述抗氧化成分制备功能饮料的用途,优选地用于制备果汁、奶昔、乳饮料和其他具有抗氧化性能、低卡路里含量、高膳食纤维含量(通常大于6g纤维/100g产品或者3g/100kcal产品)的饮料。
具体实施方式
如上所述,本发明的第一个目的在于提供一种低卡路里含量(少于20kcal/100g)的抗氧化成分,通过包括以下步骤的一工艺获得:
(a)选择一种高氧化剂含量(等于或大于6g/100g干重)的原材料,所述原材料选自于至少一种水果和/或植物体;
(b)通过一传统的方法从选择的所述原材料中获得果汁和果肉,传统方法可以包括磨、挤和/或压,为达此目的,可以使用市场上的任何可利用的设备或传统步骤;
(c)从上一步获得的所述果肉中提取糖分,以制得一种低卡路里含量(不高于20kcal/100g)的果肉。提取糖分的这一步骤可以优选地通过乙醇/水溶液洗涤所述果肉来实施。优选地,所述步骤在50℃以下的温度、搅拌和/或逆流的条件下进行性,将含有所述果肉中糖分的洗涤液排出。乙醇/水混合液的比例、以及洗涤液比率/果肉重量、时间、洗涤温度等都将根据所述原材料中糖分和抗氧化剂的含量来确定;
(d)将所述果肉彻底脱水,优选地通过选择下列方法来实施:风干(托盘或其他体系);优选地以低于70℃、应用真空的低温干燥和/或冷冻干燥;
(e)将所述果肉脱水后,所述脱水果肉的含水量优选地小于或等于6%,研磨所述脱水果肉。这一步的研磨可以通过锤式粉碎机、离心粉碎机和/或任何微粉化或封装体系来实施,优选地产生粒径小于0.5mm的干粉,其构成了富含抗氧化剂和纤维并且卡路里含量低的功能成分。
在本发明的一特别实施例中,所述工艺可以进一步包括一步骤:通过洗涤原材料来制备所述原材料。通过这种方法,可以除去选择的所述原材料中可能存在的树叶、植物茎、土粒、残留农药等。为了实施这一洗涤步骤,可以使用任何清洗植物的传统设备,比如振动机、气流和水流、运到漏斗的传送带,以及任何适用于实现这一目的的元件。
同时,在本发明的一个特别实施例中,从所述原材料中获得的所述果肉包括种子、果仁和/或任何果肉的碎片或杂质,所述工艺可以包括一步骤:在提取糖分之前,分离、除去上述物质。这一步可以通过市场上已有的不同的机器来实施,例如多孔网、旋转缸、离心机等。
在一个特别的方法中,所述工艺中对所述原材料的选择是根据其抗氧化剂的含量来实施的。通过这种方法,所述原材料(水果和/或植物体)优选地从满足下列条件的材料中选择:
(a)首先,这种材料本身具有高浓度的抗氧化剂(例如葡萄、石榴、可可豆或者热带水果如番石榴、金尾虎、卡姆果以及许多别的水果)。通常,当一种材料每100克的干重中含有至少6克的抗氧化剂时,就被认为具有高浓度的抗氧化剂;
(b)而且,同样地,根据以上描述的步骤能够生产出一种干粉,其成分与下表近似相同:
在一特别实施例中,所述工艺中的所述原材料由一种低含水量(通常低于15%)的植物基体组成,所述工艺的实施不包括步骤(b),并且所述工艺由研磨(步骤(e))步骤开始,接着是提取糖分(c)和脱水(d)的步骤。
如上所述,根据上述步骤获得低卡路里含量的所述抗氧化成分的工艺也是本发明的一个目的。
此外,如前所述,使用低卡路里含量的所述抗氧化成分制备功能饮料的用途也是本发明的一个目的,优选地使用低卡路里含量的所述抗氧化成分制备果汁、奶昔、乳制品和其他具有抗氧化性、低卡路里和高膳食纤维含量(通常大于6g纤维/100g产品或者3g/100kcal产品)的饮料。此外,本发明的所述抗氧化成分可以用于制备各种与食物和健康相关的功能食品和产品,包括膳食补充剂。这些产品以含有质量上以及数量上都很重要的人们现在缺乏的大量抗氧化剂为特征,从而出现了一类具有不同特征和更高营养价值的抗氧化饮料。
特别的,功能饮料可以通过向作为原材料(步骤a)的果汁中添加本发明的低卡路里含量的所述抗氧化成分而获得,从而生产出一种富含天然I型和II型抗氧化剂的果汁,同时并不会增加原始果汁中的卡路里值。
优选地,所述抗氧化成分应该具有适当的粒径,或者尽可能小的粒径,以使得所述抗氧化成分不影响果汁的口感,可用通过微粉化或封装的方法达到这一目的。
此外,添加到功能饮料中的所述抗氧化成分的总量优选地为10-15g每200ml,其中含有了健康饮食推荐数量的纤维和抗氧化剂。
在本发明的另一特别实施例中,获得的所述成分也可以用于其他的功能饮料,将其添加到果汁或者多种水果的混合果汁中,这些果汁可以是在包括所描述的工艺中的步骤(b)中获得的,也可以不是,还可以将其添加到牛奶和其他乳制品中,以及其他任何种类的饮料和软饮料中。
进一步地,所述抗氧化成分也可以作为一食物成分添加到谷类制品(饼干、零食、面包、早餐谷物等)和其他任何种类的功能或富含功能的食物中;同时也可以作为肠胃健康(调节、预防炎症、益生菌、预防息肉和异常的隐窝)的一种日常补充品和慢性疾病(氧化应激、炎症、高胆固醇血症、高血糖和高血压)危险因素的预防。
最后,所述抗氧化成分也可以作为与食物和健康有关的各类产品中的一种成分。
所有的描述和权利要求中“包括”一词以及这一词语的变形的含义不排除其他的技术特征、添加剂、成分或者步骤。进一步,“包括”一词也涵盖了“由……组成”。根据本发明的描述和部分的实施例,本发明的其他目的、优势和特征对于本领域的技术人员是显而易知的。以下的实施例只作为举例,并不限制本发明。进一步,本发明涵盖了所描述的所有特别实施例和优选实施例可能的组合。
实施例
实施例1:获得所述抗氧化成分
压榨(传统的液压机)已经预先清洁的10kg阿里尔品种白葡萄,最多得到6.5升的果汁或葡萄汁和1.2kg的葡萄渣或含有果皮、葡萄籽和小段残留葡萄茎的新鲜果肉。
获得的所述葡萄渣按照如下条件与乙醇/水(80:20)混合液在一容器中搅拌混合:
乙醇/水溶液和葡萄渣的比例为:1升/100g葡萄渣;
温度:37℃;
时间:10分钟;
接下来,葡萄渣-乙醇-水混合液通过倾倒或离心的步骤,除去液相,并获得无糖葡萄渣。所述葡萄渣随后通过筛选的方法将葡萄籽和残留的茎分离。一旦冻干,无籽果肉和茎在一具有筛网(孔径<5mm)的离心研磨机中研磨,获得390g的干粉,其构成了低卡路里含量的所述抗氧化成分,通常其基本组成成分包括:
实施例2:获得功能饮料
一旦获得所述抗氧化成分,可以通过将15g所述抗氧化成分加入到300ml压榨葡萄时获得的果汁或葡萄汁中制备一种功能饮料。通过添加所述成分和随后的搅拌,从而获得一种稀释胶体或悬浮液状态的功能饮料。
本申请的参考文献
何瑞尔(Herreal)等人,《关于健康和疾病方面的抗氧化食品和补品》,营养学评论,2009年,第67卷,140-144页。
G·威廉森(Willamson G)和马那奇(Manach),《多酚在人体中的生物利用度和生物有效性,第二部分,93个干预实验的回顾》,美国临床营养学杂志,2005年,第81卷,243-255页。
埃兰(Arranz)等,《常被忽略的不可提取的多酚是日常饮食中多酚的主要部分,西班牙饮食研究》,分子营养和食物研究,2010年,第54卷,1646-1658页。
Claims (14)
1.一种低卡路里含量的抗氧化成分,通过包括以下步骤的一工艺获得:
(a)选择至少一种高抗氧化剂含量的水果和/或植物体作为原材料,其抗氧化剂含量大于6g/100g干重;
(b)通过磨、挤和/或压所述原材料的方法获得果汁和果肉;
(c)从上一步获得的所述果肉中提取糖分,以制得一种低卡路里含量的果肉;
(d)将所述果肉脱水,其脱水方法选自于:风干、应用真空的低温干燥和/或冷冻干燥;
(e)研磨所述果肉,以制得低卡路里含量的所述抗氧化成分。
2.根据权利要求1所述的成分,所述工艺进一步包括一步骤:通过清洗制备所述原材料。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的成分,其中在获得所述果肉之后,提取糖分之前,所述工艺一步包括一步骤:去除种子、果核和/或存在于所述果肉中的杂质。
4.根据前述任一权利要求所述的成分,其中糖分的提取通过使用乙醇和水溶液清洗所述果肉来实施。
5.根据前述任一权利要求所述的成分,其中研磨的步骤通过锤式粉碎机、离心粉碎机和/或任何微粉化或封装来实施,产生粒径小于0.5mm的干粉。
6.根据前述任一权利要求所述的成分,其中作为所述原材料的水果或植物体选自于葡萄、石榴、可可、金尾虎、番石榴、卡姆果和其他热带水果中,以及前述的任意组合。
7.根据前述任一权利要求所述的成分,其特征在于,所述成分包括以下组分,按照质量百分比:
8.根据前述任一权利要求所述的成分,其特征在于,在所述步骤(c)中,果肉中糖分的提取是在50℃以下的温度通过搅拌和/或逆流来实施。
9.根据前述任一权利要求所述的成分,其特征在于,在所述脱水步骤(d)中,干燥是在70℃以下的温度实施的。
10.根据前述任一权利要求所述的成分,其特征在于,在所述步骤(d)中,得到的所述脱水果肉,其含水量小于或等于6%。
11.一种获得根据前述任一权利要求所述成分的工艺,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(a)选择至少一种高抗氧化剂含量的水果和/或植物体作为原材料,其抗氧化剂含量大于6g/100g干重;
(b)通过磨、挤和/或压所述原材料的方法获得果汁和果肉;
(c)从上一步获得的所述果肉中提取糖分,以制得一低卡路里含量的果肉;
(d)将所述果肉脱水,其脱水方法选自于:风干、应用真空的低温干燥和/或冷冻干燥;
(e)研磨所述果肉,以制得低卡路里含量的所述抗氧化成分。
12.根据权利要求1-10中的任一所述成分的用途,其用于一种功能食物产品。
13.根据权利要求12所述的用途,其中所述功能食物是一种功能饮料。
14.根据权利要求13所述的用途,其中所述功能饮料选自于果汁、奶昔和乳饮料。
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ES201132052A ES2414662B1 (es) | 2011-12-20 | 2011-12-20 | Ingrediente antioxidante de bajo contenido calórico, procedimiento de obtención y uso. |
PCT/ES2012/070885 WO2013093161A1 (es) | 2011-12-20 | 2012-12-20 | Ingrediente antioxidante de bajo contenido calórico, procedimiento de obtención y uso. |
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FR2999877B1 (fr) * | 2012-12-26 | 2015-01-09 | Diana Naturals | Stabilisation des colorants naturels par un concentre d acerola |
FR2999876B1 (fr) * | 2012-12-26 | 2015-01-02 | Diana Naturals | Concentre d acerola de substitution de l acide ascorbique en agro alimentaire |
MY184810A (en) * | 2018-09-03 | 2021-04-23 | Univ Kebangsaan Malaysia Ukm | A formulation that reduces oxidative stress |
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AU2012356720A1 (en) | 2014-08-14 |
EP2796058B1 (en) | 2018-10-31 |
DOP2014000136A (es) | 2014-09-15 |
CR20140268A (es) | 2014-09-09 |
US10272128B2 (en) | 2019-04-30 |
ES2414662B1 (es) | 2014-05-27 |
DK2796058T3 (en) | 2019-01-28 |
MX360572B (es) | 2018-11-08 |
SV2014004742A (es) | 2017-01-30 |
EA028132B1 (ru) | 2017-10-31 |
CN104203002B (zh) | 2019-03-05 |
WO2013093161A1 (es) | 2013-06-27 |
BR112014014836A2 (pt) | 2017-06-13 |
ECSP14008584A (es) | 2015-07-31 |
NI201400055A (es) | 2014-07-04 |
EA201491216A1 (ru) | 2014-09-30 |
CA2859638C (en) | 2019-09-10 |
US20140348925A1 (en) | 2014-11-27 |
AU2012356720B2 (en) | 2017-02-23 |
SG11201403229VA (en) | 2014-09-26 |
EP2796058A1 (en) | 2014-10-29 |
CL2014001519A1 (es) | 2015-05-08 |
IL233062A0 (en) | 2014-07-31 |
CO7000780A2 (es) | 2014-07-21 |
PE20141697A1 (es) | 2014-12-11 |
EP2796058A4 (en) | 2015-07-29 |
JP6450593B2 (ja) | 2019-01-09 |
MX2014006703A (es) | 2014-10-24 |
IL233062A (en) | 2017-11-30 |
JP2015503908A (ja) | 2015-02-05 |
KR20140108237A (ko) | 2014-09-05 |
ES2414662A1 (es) | 2013-07-22 |
CA2859638A1 (en) | 2013-06-27 |
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