CN1041741C - 用于标记或物品装饰,尤其是陶瓷物装饰的墨水及方法 - Google Patents

用于标记或物品装饰,尤其是陶瓷物装饰的墨水及方法 Download PDF

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CN1041741C
CN1041741C CN92104899A CN92104899A CN1041741C CN 1041741 C CN1041741 C CN 1041741C CN 92104899 A CN92104899 A CN 92104899A CN 92104899 A CN92104899 A CN 92104899A CN 1041741 C CN1041741 C CN 1041741C
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P·迪圣罗曼
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Markem Imaje SAS
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Abstract

本发明涉及用喷射法在物品上喷射的墨水。
本发明在于墨水包含:
(a)0-40%(质量)一种或多种在溶剂中可溶金属盐,
(b)0-40%(质量)一种或多种溶剂,
(c)0-5%(质量)一种或多种有机染料,
(d)0-10%(质量)聚合物,
(e)一种或多种比(b)中溶剂挥发性更大的溶剂。
本发明应用于标记和应用于陶瓷物品的装饰。

Description

用于标记或物品装饰,尤其是陶瓷物装饰的墨水及方法
本发明涉及可用于标记和用于高温中物品装饰,尤其是陶瓷类材料的物品装饰的墨水。本发明的墨水特别适宜于用墨水喷射法标记或装饰所述物品。
墨水喷射法印刷是熟知的技术。这种技术能高速标记和装饰各种各样的物品,而印刷设备不与这些物品接触。其印刷设备可以是“按需点射”型或“连续喷射”型。
目前,组成墨水的组分是有机产品、染料、颜料或树脂。它们被分散在或多或少有挥发性的溶剂中或水中。在此情况下,除白色墨水中使用的二氧化钛外,其余组分在高于300℃的温度下均耐受不了几分钟。
然而,在陶瓷制造工业中,人们使用焙烧技术或粉末熔化技术,物体温度被升到至少500℃,还可能高达1300℃乃至更高。这样就不能使用含有机产品的墨水。
在其加热之前,这些物品一般是粉末状的,在处理时物品的表面就有受损伤的危险。这样,为使对这些物品所定的标志、标记或装饰不被磨灭,生产者或者在焙烧前修整物品的突出部分,或者在不太高的温度不初步焙烧以便对这些物品进行处理,使其表面不再是粉末状。
然后,在这些经部分焙烧的物品上,用印花釉法把标记或装饰涂贴上去。这些印花釉的颜色是由专门的无机颜料给出的,其无机颜料能耐这些物品的焙烧温度。这些无机颜料是金属氧化物品的组合物。就如一些尖晶石的结构一样,由于这些金属氧化物也有各自的晶体结构,因此它们具有不同的、各种各样的颜色。
我们可以不完全地列举出最经常使用的许多金属,这些金属的氧化物是有颜色的或不透明的。如铁、铬、铜、钴、锰、锑、钛、锆、锡、钒或者它们的组合,以及与硅、镁等其氧化物是无色的金属的组合。
对于陶瓷的装饰,曾提出使用墨水喷射法的印刷方法(W.Roberts,“L industrie ceramique”No.827.5/88)使用的颜料与前面指出的传统陶瓷印刷中使用的颜料相同,在这种方法中,要解决的主要问题是颜料与使颜料分散的液体之间密度差很大的问题。
本发明的目的是制得用喷射法可喷射的墨水,这种墨水可在高于300℃温度下度用于标记或装饰。
本发明涉及一种用喷射法可喷射的墨水,这种墨水由在至少一种溶剂中至少一种可溶金属盐的溶液组成,其特征在于这种溶液还含有在因氧化作用或温度升高而金属盐状态完全改变之前至少一种可见的染料。
可溶金属盐的比例最好是墨水总质量的0-40%。
在使用多种溶剂的情况下,其中至少一种可以是不易挥发的,其比例至多为40%,而其他溶剂比前一种的挥发性大些。
对于只是在焙烧之后出现颜色的某些金属盐,本发明提出添加有机染料,其比例至多为墨水总质量的5%,以便在焙烧之前标记或装饰能显现出来。
为了避免喷射墨水往物品内和/或物品表面扩散,本发明提出添加一种聚合物,其比例至多是墨水总质量的10%。
所用的金属盐是一些在高温分解以后能生成带颜色的氧化物、或与物品的构成材料生成带颜色的化合物的金属盐。在这些金属中,人们可不完全地列举出:铬、锰、铁、钴、铜、锌、钼、锡、锑、硼、铅、锆、钛、钒。
所用的溶剂最好是乙醇、甲醇或水,在这些溶剂中可以添加挥发性低的溶剂,如丙三醇或二甲基甲酰胺。
使用这些配料,可制得的墨水粘度为1-10厘泊(毫帕斯卡一秒),这种墨水适用于用墨水喷射法的印刷设备。
一般地,与每种墨水的总质量相比,以下述的组分的比例限定本发明的墨水:
(a)一种或多种可溶性金属盐:0-40%,
(b)一种或多种溶剂:0-40%,
(c)一种或多种有机染料:0-5%,
(d)一种或多种聚合物:0-10%。
(e)余者是由一种或多种溶剂组成,这些溶剂比(b)的溶剂更易挥发。
人们注意到,(b)、(c)和(d)的组分或产品对某些墨水不是必需的,只是对某些特殊的应用才使用,如在后边的叙述中将看到,尤其在不同的实例中将能看到。
所使用的金属盐是由金属制得的,它们在热分解之后能生成带颜色的氧化物或与复盖其的物品材料生成带颜色的化合物。能得到带颜色的金属氧化物的金属有很多,例如:(不以此为限)铬、锰、铁、钴、铜、锌、钼、锡、锑、硼、铅、锆、钛、钒。由下述几点因素指导选择一种或多种金属盐:
-在所使用的一种或多种溶剂中的溶解度:
这种金属盐在这一种或这些种所使用的溶剂中是可溶的,而不象传统的颜料那样呈分散状。
-挥发性
这种金属盐在被分解之前或分解时,以及转化成与被标记或着色物品的物料化合或不化合的氧化物之前或同时,都不该挥发。
在这些金属盐中,可以不限于此列举出一些无机产品,如氯化物、硫酸盐、硝酸盐、醋酸盐、碳酸盐,和一些有机金属产品,如环烷酸盐、辛酸盐、新癸酸盐、树脂酸盐及其它们的衍生物。
-在该溶剂中离子的离解:
在印刷装置使用静电偏转的连续喷射的情况下,喷射应是二元的或方格网的,其墨水应是导电的。
-印刷设备的氧化与腐蚀性质
金属盐不应该氧化或腐蚀制造这些印刷设备所使用的材料。人们知道,氯化物能催化钢的氧化反应。因此在这种情况下,应避免使用它们。此外,在存在有比制备印刷设备的金属的正电性要低的某些金属盐的情况下,如铝类的一些金属,其正电能导致严重的腐蚀。
-毒性
有毒的金属盐由于它们存在对环境的毒性,有某些应用中应予以避免。正如人们所知道的,铬(VI)盐比铬(III)毒性大得多。
-生成的颜色
在物品上生成的颜色不仅取决于来自于所使用的金属盐的颜色,而且还取决于与该金属盐进行反应的物品的材料。某些钴盐按照物品的材料与焙烧温度而可能得兰色或黑色。
-物品焙烧的最高温度
当焙烧温度超过500℃时,物品焙烧后得到的铜氧化物会被蒸发。
使用一种或多种有机染料通常是必需的。因为溶液中金属盐的染色强度很低。此外,这种强度还随湿度而改变。使用这样一种有机染料能使物品在最后的高温加热前上面的标记或装饰可见。
由于它的重要有机性质,该染料因加热会受到破坏,但对该金属化合物没有影响。实际上可通过它在一种(或多种),金属盐溶液中的溶解度来指导选择这种染料。
此外,它既不会使该溶液不稳定,也不会引起沉淀。
在各种各样的有机染料中,我们希望的是那些具有很强的染色能力、并在焙烧前和焙烧期间与所使用的金属盐并存的有机染料。其中酸性染料和食用染料便是这样的。
可以使用的聚会物具有调节赋予染色的组分在物品材料中扩散的作用。人们最好选择在所用的溶剂中可溶的一种或多种聚合物。最好使用纤维素衍生物或苯酚树脂。
由以下标准指导选择溶剂:
-溶解度:
该溶剂应溶解这一种或多种金属盐。
-极性:
当该墨水应具有导电性时,其溶剂的极性应能使溶液的离子离解。在这种情况下,水和醇素是较可取的溶剂。
-挥发性
其挥发性能控制其墨水在多孔物品上渗透。此外,某些金属盐或有机金属盐,当溶解它们的溶剂蒸发时而趋向结晶;在这种情况下,重要的是使用不太挥发的溶剂以避免在印刷装置的流体回路中结晶。
-毒性
该溶剂不应该对环境和使用者有毒,鉴于这种原因,最好使用乙醇而不是甲醇。
作为说明本发明,下表给出七个墨水组合物实施例,以及它们的粘度及相应的导电率。
根据本表制得的墨水在喷射墨水的印刷装置中进行试验,对未焙烧的陶瓷(瓷器)板上工作标记,然后把这些带有标记的板置于500-1250℃不同温度下进行加热,以便将这些金属盐转化成所要颜色的金属氧化物。
实施例1-e1
使用以硝酸铜与改性乙醇为主要成份的这种墨水,在认为以铜氧化物存在的最高温度500℃(铜氧化物在超过550℃时蒸发)下焙烧后,得到依照墨水液滴重叠量而呈现的黑色或灰色标记。
实施例2-e2
使用以氯化铬(III)和脱矿质的水为主要成分的这种墨水,经1250℃焙烧后,得到绿色和色彩对比良好的标记。
实施例3-e3
使用以醋酸钴、丙三醇和脱矿质的水为主要成份的这种墨水,可在500-1200℃进行焙烧。在1100℃焙烧后,可在瓷器上,或在复盖于瓷器上的透明或不透明的珐琅上生成蓝色标记。在500℃焙烧后,可在纯氧化铝板上或在以硅酸盐为主要成分的珐琅上生成黑色标记。
添加诸如丙三醇之类不太挥发的溶剂能在印刷装置上运行,而在墨水回路中不会有钴盐结晶。
实施例4-e4
使用以氯化锰(II)、丙三醇和改性乙醇为主要成份的这种墨水,在瓷板上经1000℃焙烧后得到对比非常好的褐色标记。要注意到,这种墨水在焙烧前实际上是不可见的。
实施例5-e5
使用氯化锰(II)、氯化钴(II)、丙三醇和改性乙醇为主要成份的这种墨水,在约1000℃焙烧后得到对比非常好的带有微蓝的灰色标记。
实施例6-e6
使用以氯化锰(II)、蓝色漆FCF(FD & C蓝色1#)和改性乙醇为主要成份的这种墨水,在焙烧前由于有有机组分而呈现蓝色标记,而在1000℃焙烧后得到褐色标记。
实施例7-e7
由氯化钴(II)、二甲基甲酰胺、蓝色漆FCF(FD & D蓝色1#)和羟丙基纤维素与改性乙醇为主要成份的这种墨水综合了由不太挥发的溶剂(二甲基甲酰胺,在印刷装置中有优良的性能,不结晶)、有机成份(蓝色漆FCF,焙烧前标记清晰)、聚合物(羟丙基纤维素,降低染料在物品的多孔材料中扩散,这样增加其对比)所带来的许多优点。
在溶剂是水的情况下,必须除去水中的无机盐,以避免水中可能含有的无机物对在焙烧前后墨水中的不同成份产生影响。另外,建议在水中加一种消泡剂,如由AIR PRODUCTS公司以商品名SURFYNOL440销售的消泡剂。
一般地,挥发性溶剂是诸如乙醇或甲醇之类的低分子量醇,而挥发性差的溶剂是诸如乙二醇、乙二醇醚、丙三醇或二甲基甲酰胺以及它们的衍生物之类的高分子量醇。
本发明还涉及物品的标记与装饰的方法,其物品应在高于300℃温度下进行加热,其方法在于:
-喷射墨水,其墨水含有在如前面定义的溶剂中至少一种可溶的金属盐,以便按照确定的装饰图案印刷所述物品的表面。以及
-由所述的墨水印刷的物体在充分与确定的温度下加热,以便将所述的一种或多种金属盐转化成一种或多种金属氧化物,这些氧化物的颜色相应于所需求的颜色。
                e1      e2    e3    e4    e5    e6    e7四水氯化锰(II)     -      -     -     25   22.5  25    -六水合氯化钴(II)   -      -     -     -    2.5   -     20六水氯化铬(III)    -      40    -     -     -     -     -三水硝酸铜        25      -     -     -     -     -     -四水醋酸钴         -      -     25    -     -     -     -丙三醇             -      -     5     5    5      -     -二甲基甲酰胺       -      -     -     -    -      -     1蓝色漆FCF          -      -     -     -    -      1     0.5(FD & 蓝色1#)羟丙基纤维素       -      -     -     -    -      -     0.5改性乙醇          75      -     -     70   70     74    79脱矿质的水         -     60     70    -    -      -      -粘度(mPa·s)      4.65  3.2  4.0  4.65   -    6.0  6.8导电率(ms/cm)    >3    -     5.46 5.3    -    3.67 >3

Claims (17)

1.一种可用喷射法喷射的墨水,它由可溶于至少一种溶剂的至少一种金属盐的溶液组成,其特征在于这种溶液还包含至少一种可见染料,该染料在因氧化或温度升高使金属盐的状态发生任何变化之前是可见的,
所用的金属盐是在高温分解以后形成带颜色的氧化物、或与物品的构成材料生成带颜色的化合物;
所述染料可溶于金属盐的溶液,它不会使溶液不稳定,而且不会引起沉淀。
2.按照权利要求1所述的墨水,其特征在于,所述可溶的金属盐是锆、铬的无机或有机金属盐。
3.按照权利要求1所述的墨水,其特征在于,所述可溶的金属盐是锰、钴或铁的无机或有机金属盐。
4.按照权利要求1-3中任何一项权利要求所述的墨水,其特征在于,在使用多种溶剂的情况下,其中一种溶剂的挥发性可以比其它溶剂的挥发性小。
5.按照权利要求4所述的墨水,其特征在于,所述挥发性较低的溶剂的比例至多是墨水总质量的40%。
6.按照权利要求1所述的墨水,其特征在于,所述可见的染料是有机染料。
7.按照权利要求6所述的墨水,其特征在于,所述有机染料的比例至多是墨水总质量的5%。
8.按照权利要求1所述的墨水,其特征在于,所述溶液还包含至少一种聚合物,其比例至多是墨水总质量的10%。
9.按照权利要求1所述的墨水,其特征在于,所述可溶的金属盐是,所需金属的醋酸盐或丙酸盐。
10.按照权利要求1所述的墨水,其特征在于,所述溶剂中的一种溶剂是低分子量的醇。
11.按照权利要求10所述的墨水,其特征在于,所述醇选自乙醇和甲醇。
12.按照权利要求1所述的墨水,其特征在于,所述溶剂中的一种溶剂是添有消泡剂的去离子水。
13.按照权利要求4所述的墨水,其特征在于,挥发性比其他溶剂的挥发性低的溶剂是一种高分子量的醇。
14.按照权利要求1所述的墨水,其特征在于,所述醇选自乙二醇、乙二醇醚、丙三醇或其衍生物中的一种衍生物。
15.按照权利要求6所述的墨水,其特征在于,所述有机染料是酸性染料或食用染料。
16.一种用于标记与装饰物品的方法,所述物品需被加热至高于300℃的温度下,所述方法在于:
-喷射权利要求1-15中任何一项所述的墨水,以使按照确定的装饰图案印刷所述物品的表面,以及
-将已由所述墨水印刷的所述物体加热至足以使所述一种或多种金属盐转化成一种或多种金属氧化物的温度,所述氧化物的颜色相应于所需的颜色。
17.按照权利要求16所述的墨水,其特征在于,所述物品是陶瓷。
CN92104899A 1991-05-24 1992-05-23 用于标记或物品装饰,尤其是陶瓷物装饰的墨水及方法 Expired - Lifetime CN1041741C (zh)

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