CN104170783A - Efficient breeding method suitable for limuli from germ cells to 2-age phase - Google Patents
Efficient breeding method suitable for limuli from germ cells to 2-age phase Download PDFInfo
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- CN104170783A CN104170783A CN201410450199.8A CN201410450199A CN104170783A CN 104170783 A CN104170783 A CN 104170783A CN 201410450199 A CN201410450199 A CN 201410450199A CN 104170783 A CN104170783 A CN 104170783A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
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Abstract
The invention discloses an efficient breeding method suitable for limuli from germ cells to a 2-age phase. The efficient breeding method includes the following steps of a, assembling a simple hatching device: using glass steel buckets as a germ cell hatching place and using plastic baskets as hatching baskets, wherein the hatching baskets stay on the surface of water, and sufficient dissolved oxygen (DO) exists; b, hatching germ cells: placing a plurality of the hatching baskets into each glass steel bucket, placing 3000 to 8000 germ cells with the thickness of 3cm to 6cm into each hatching basket, hatching 70 thousand to 150 thousand germ cells in each glass steel bucket, and subjecting the hatching baskets to microaeration, wherein conditions that the water temperature is 28 to 32 DEG C, the salt degree is 20 to 32 ppt, pH is 7.6 to 8.5, and DO>=6mg/L are guaranteed, and germ cells break off after 36 to 45 days of embryonic development to become 1-age limulus larvae; c, breeding 1-age to 2-age limuli; d, stocking 2-age limuli, wherein after 2 ages, limulus larvae begin to feed and are subjected to microaeration stocking in a sanded environment at a density of 900 to 1200 per square meter. Compared with traditional limulus breeding methods, the efficient breeding method has the advantages that breeding efficiency is increased by 15-30 times, and the efficient breeding method is suitable for large-scale limulus artificial breeding.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to modern marine rare animal Seed-breeding techniques field, be specifically related to a kind ofly be applicable to king crab from the efficient breeding method of fertilized egg to 2 age grade section.
Background technology
Limulus in Arthropoda, have chela subphylum, Merostomata, Xiphosura, king crab section.The kind of existing king crab seldom, distributes narrow, according to its form and characteristic distributions, can be divided into two subfamilies three and belong to four kinds.Wherein, Limulinae subfamily only has America limulus (Limulus), and (L polyphemus) is a kind of for limulus polyphemus, is distributed in waters, east coast, North America; And Tachypleinae subfamily has two genus, be distributed in Asia In The Southeast Coast and eastern bank coastal waters.Wherein east limulus (Tachypleus) has two kinds: Tachypleus tridentatus (T.tridentatus) and huge king crab (T.gigas); Scorpion limulus (Carcinoscorpius) is a kind of rounded tail king crab (C.rotundicauda) (father-in-law's eosine etc., 2011) only.In China, two kinds of Tachypleus tridentatus and rounded tail king crabs are mainly distributing.Wherein, Tachypleus tridentatus hobby fine sand substrate, lives in the higher marine site of salinity; Rounded tail king crab is liked ooze substrate, lives near the brackish water district of estuary region.
King crab is a kind of marine animal with important scientific research meaning and economic worth, is also " living fossil " of the existing preciousness of animal kingdom's minority on the earth.Recent study finds, the king crab element extracting from limulus blood cell has and showing antibacterial, antitumor and antiviral isoreactivity.Therefore, get a good chance of developing a kind of antibiotic of new wide spectrum, to replace the antibiotic that extensively produces at present drug resistance.At present, China mainly concentrates its blue blood research and development, i.e. TAL and king crab element etc. (flood root etc., 2011) the research of king crab.
Now, because economy develops rapidly, marine environment, sandy beach are polluted, and add the great economic worth due to king crab, and cause the unrest of king crab is caught and indiscriminately slaughtered, sharply exhaustion of king crab resource in the world, this has caused the attention of countries in the world governments.The exhaustion of China's king crab resource is startling especially, and its resource has faced the condition (flood root etc., 2011) of extinction.Artificial breeding and aquaculture technology thereof by king crab are current the most desirable, have the measure of the protection king crab resource of strategic importance most, and this is also for safeguarding that king crab bio-diversity provides practical basis.
In the Primary Study of the Tachypleus tridentatus artificial breeding that Liang Guang credit is delivered, think that hatching effect is best in sand, incubation rate is more than 95%, shortest time is 36-43d, although it has used net cage to carry out incubating oosperm, but not yet net the research of basket bearing capacity density test, it is thought in sand can complete the king crab young casting off a skin from 1 age in age to 2, in In no sand environment, cannot obtain 2 age king crab, it is thought needs the Micro Algae of throwing something and feeding in 1 age between king crab to 2 king crab in the age young, the bait such as small animal and organic debris, its only culture density be≤500/m3 (putting in a suitable place to breed in 3.5m2 cement pit for 2000).
The Primary Study that the Tachypleus tridentatus artificial insemination hatching that Liao Yongyan etc. deliver is grown seedlings, it is only the conclusion drawing according to a scientific experiment, has just used 8000 ovums to test altogether, and has not been suitable for large-scale production.
The Embryo Development of Horseshoe Crab, Tachypleus tridentatus research that flood root etc. is delivered, it is only the conclusion drawing according to a scientific experiment, in laboratory, observed the embryo development procedure of king crab, only utilize 10000 ovums, hatch 40 1 age the king crab young, its incubation rate is 0.4%, cannot carry out the extensive artificial breeding of king crab at all.
Artificial breeding and the cultural method of the king crab that flood root etc. is delivered, the overall flow technique of the king crab artificial breeding that it is emphasized and cultivation thereof, what adopt is pallet hatching fertilized egg, there is hatching density low, the defect such as take up room large, it carries out 1-2 king crab in the age nurturing period and adopts paving sand to put form in a suitable place to breed, has complex operation, cultivate density low wait not enough.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is that traditional king crab hatching flow process is loaded down with trivial details, before 2 ages, cultivated the present situation that cumulative survival rate is low in order to change, raising king crab is the survival rate between the length of time from fertilized egg to 2, simplify the artificial breeding technique of king crab, and a set of simple and easy, the efficient artificial breeding method who starts.
The technical scheme that the present invention adopted is for achieving the above object:
Be applicable to king crab from an efficient breeding method for fertilized egg to 2 age grade section, it comprises the following steps:
A, the assembling of simple and easy incubation equipment: using Glass fibre reinforced plastic tub as incubating oosperm place, seawater in hatching place is inflated, using plastic crate as hatching basket, surrounding at hatching basket binds foam, guarantee that this hatching basket is in floating state, rest on water surface, have sufficient dissolved oxygen, DO >=6mg/L;
B, incubating oosperm: each Glass fibre reinforced plastic tub put into hatching basket several, in each hatching basket, put into the thick fertilized egg of 3-6cm, quantity, at 3000-8000, is carried out ten thousand incubating oosperms of 7-15 in each Glass fibre reinforced plastic tub, micro-inflation in hatching basket, guarantee that water temperature is at 28-32 ℃, salinity 20-32ppt, pH is at 7.6-8.5, DO >=6mg/L, fertilized egg, through the embryonic development of 36-45d, pips, become 1 age the king crab young;
C, king crab to 2 king crab in age cultivation in 1 age: after the acquisition king crab young in 1 age, in former hatching basket, retaining original density proceeds to cultivate, through 60-180d complete 1 age king crab seedling ejection for the first time, grow sword tail, become 2 age king crab seedling, during this period, the micro-inflation of water body, changes water once every 7-15d, and temperature is that normal temperature or artificial temperature control, salinity are at 20-30ppt, pH is at 7.5-8.6, DO >=6mg/L:
D, 2 age king crab put in a suitable place to breed: after 2 ages, the king crab young starts to ingest, with the density of 900-1200/m2, put in a suitable place to breed micro-inflation in the husky environment of paving and raised, now throw something and feed fairy shrimp or mixed bait, during this period, the micro-inflation of water body, change water every day once, temperature is normal temperature or artificial temperature control, and salinity is controlled at 20-30ppt, pH is at 7.5-8.6, DO >=6mg/L.
In described step a, this Glass fibre reinforced plastic tub is 500L, and this hatching basket diameter is 30-60cm, and the degree of depth is 15-20cm, in this hatching basket, above by spacing distance, is provided with the through hole that some apertures are 2mm.
In described step b, each Glass fibre reinforced plastic tub can be put into 10-15 of hatching basket.
In described steps d, or the king crab young is put in a suitable place to breed and in natural waters, carries out enhancement releasing.
From the process of fertilized egg to 2 king crab in the age young, the king crab young does not ingest, and only depends in yolk nutrition, to carry out self and grow.
The present invention utilizes water quality good, and rich hatching basket of supporting condition is hatched, and effect is better, brooding time 30-36d just can, incubation rate intimate 100%.
The present invention uses is that the hatching basket of VHD at full capacity carries out incubating oosperm, and has obtained the incubation rate that is close to 100%.
The present invention find in the hatching frame without under husky condition 1 age king crab can obtain completely >=95% 2 age the king crab young.
The present invention between 1 age king crab to 2 king crab in the age young, any bait of need not throwing something and feeding completely, utilize in self yolk nutrition just can be developed to 2 age the king crab young.
It is ten thousand/m3 of 7.2-14.4 (3000-6000/basket, circular basket diameter is 40cm) that the present invention cultivates density, is high-density rearing.
Efficient, simple and easy hatching and cultivation technology from a stage of fertilized egg to 2 king crab in age that the present invention emphasizes; Adopt the hatching basket hatching in simple machine, have hatching density high, the advantage such as take up room little, easy and simple to handle.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: the present invention has changed traditionally and in sand, to have carried out before 2 ages king crab hatching and to cultivate custom, by simple and easy incubation equipment, assemble, incubating oosperm, 1 age king crab to 2 king crab in age cultivate and 2 age king crab the sport technique segment such as put in a suitable place to breed, make it breed to have departed from fine sand substrate is relied on, hatching and the early stage cultivating technique thereof of king crab have traditionally been simplified, for it, breed in early days feasibility easy scheme is provided, solved that king crab incubation rate was low in the past, the high present situation of lethality before 2 ages, greatly improved the molt rate during hatching efficiency and 1 age king crab to 2 king crab in age thereof, make its embryonic hatching be increased to and approach 100% by original less than 90%, 1 age king crab to 2 between the length of time young cumulative survival rate approximately 80% be increased to and be close to 100%.
The present invention has incubating oosperm density high (by traditional≤0.2 ten thousand/be increased to >=7.2/m3 of m3), and embryo breeds efficiency high (by traditional≤0.1 ten thousand/be increased to >=7.2 ten thousand/m3 of m3), the larval culture advantages such as method is simple.The present invention's ratio traditionally efficiency of breeding of king crab has improved 15-30 doubly, is applicable to the extensive artificial breeding of king crab, for the propagation of releasing, resource reparation and the biometric safeguard diversity thereof of king crab have been established solid foundation.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1: indoor temperature control is from the artificial breeding flow process of fertilized egg to 2 king crab in age
The present invention is a kind of is applicable to king crab from the efficient breeding method of fertilized egg to 2 age grade section, and it comprises the following steps:
A, the assembling of simple and easy incubation equipment: in early June, 2010, using 1 500L Glass fibre reinforced plastic tub as incubating oosperm place, add fresh secondary sand filtration seawater.Utilize afterwards 12 apertures for 2mm, diameter be 40cm, the round plastic basket that the degree of depth is 16cm is as hatching basket, 12 hatching baskets are placed in each Glass fibre reinforced plastic tub hatching place.Hatching basket is bound to foam around, guarantee that this device, in floating state, rests on seawater surface.Wherein, the temperature of seawater is at 29-32 ℃, salinity 27-30ppt, and pH is at 7.8-8.5, D0 >=6mg/L.
B, incubating oosperm: in each hatching basket, put into the fertilized egg that 5cm-6cm is thick, quantity is at about 6000-8000, and each Glass fibre reinforced plastic tub can be hatched 9.0 ten thousand fertilized eggs and be hatched.During this time, water temperature is at 29-32 ℃, salinity 24-30ppt, and pH is at 7.6-8.4, D0 >=6mg/L.With this understanding, mid-July, fertilized egg, through the embryonic development of 35-38d, pips, amount to obtain become 1 age 8.5 ten thousand of the king crab young.Through calculating, incubation rate of finding each hatching basket is respectively 93.7%, 90.1%, 94.9%, 95.6%, 94.3%, 92.5%, 91.7%, 94.7%, 96.9%, 98.7%, 92.4%, 91.6%, average out to 94.6%.
C, 1 age king crab to 2 king crab in age cultivate: after obtaining the 1 age king crab young, keep former density to continue to cultivate, through 30-60d, find 1 age the king crab young all completed ejection for the first time, grow sword tail, obtain altogether 8.1 ten thousand 2 age the king crab young.Through calculating, find to be 95.6% from average out to survival rate between 1 length of time in age to 2.During this period, micro-inflation, changes water once every 7d, and artificial control temperature is 30.2-32.5 ℃, and salinity is at 20-30ppt, and pH is at 7.7-8.5, DO >=6mg/L.
Embodiment 2, and outdoor normal temperature is from the artificial breeding flow process of fertilized egg to 2 king crab in age
The present invention is a kind of is applicable to king crab from the efficient breeding method of fertilized egg to 2 age grade section, and it comprises the following steps:
A, the assembling of simple and easy incubation equipment: in early August, 2012, using 3 500L Glass fibre reinforced plastic tubs as incubating oosperm place, add fresh secondary sand filtration seawater.Utilize afterwards 36 apertures for 2mm, diameter be 40cm, the round plastic basket that the degree of depth is 16cm is as incubation vessel, 12 hatching baskets are placed in each Glass fibre reinforced plastic tub hatching place.Hatching basket is bound to foam around, guarantee that this device, in floating state, rests on seawater surface.Wherein, the temperature of seawater is at 28-32 ℃, salinity 25-30ppt, and pH is at 7.6-8.5, DO >=6mg/L.
B, incubating oosperm: in each hatching basket, put into the fertilized egg that 5-6cm is thick, quantity is at 5000-8000, and each Glass fibre reinforced plastic tub can be hatched 8.5 ten thousand fertilized eggs and be hatched.During this time, water temperature is at 28-32 ℃, salinity 20-32ppt, and pH is at 7.8-8.4, D0 >=6mg/L.With this understanding, fertilized egg, pipped through the embryonic development of 36-39d in mid-September, amount to obtain become 1 age 23.3 ten thousand of the king crab young.Through calculating, find that the incubation rate of 3 buckets is respectively 91.6%, 92.5%, 90.4%, average out to 91.5%.
C, king crab to 2 king crab in age cultivation in 1 age: after the acquisition king crab young in 1 age, keep its original density to continue to cultivate, in mid-April, 2013, through 185-190d, cultivate the discovery king crab young in 1 age and all completed ejection for the first time, grow sword tail, obtain altogether 21.9 ten thousand 2 age the king crab young.Through calculating, find that the survival rate between 1 length of time in age to 2 in 3 buckets is respectively 95.7%, 96.3%, 92.8%, 91.8%, 94.5%, 93.7%, average out to 94.1%.During this period, micro-inflation, changes water once every 7d, and temperature is 12.6-32.5 ℃, and salinity is at 20-30ppt, and pH is at 7.7-8.5, DO >=6mg/L.
As described in the present embodiment of the invention, with other of the same or similar structure of the present invention be applicable to king crab from the efficient breeding method of fertilized egg to 2 age grade section all in protection domain of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. be applicable to king crab from an efficient breeding method for fertilized egg to 2 age grade section, it is characterized in that, it comprises the following steps:
A, the assembling of simple and easy incubation equipment: using Glass fibre reinforced plastic tub as incubating oosperm place, seawater in hatching place is inflated, using plastic crate as hatching basket, surrounding at hatching basket binds foam, guarantee that this hatching basket is in floating state, rest on water surface, have sufficient dissolved oxygen, DO >=6mg/L;
B, incubating oosperm: each Glass fibre reinforced plastic tub put into hatching basket several, in each hatching basket, put into the thick fertilized egg of 3-6cm, quantity, at 3000-8000, is carried out ten thousand incubating oosperms of 7-15 in each Glass fibre reinforced plastic tub, micro-inflation in hatching basket, guarantee that water temperature is at 28-32 ℃, salinity 20-32ppt, pH is at 7.6-8.5, DO >=6mg/L, fertilized egg, through the embryonic development of 36-45d, pips, become 1 age the king crab young;
C, king crab to 2 king crab in age cultivation in 1 age: after the acquisition king crab young in 1 age, in former hatching basket, retaining original density proceeds to cultivate, through 60-180d complete 1 age king crab seedling ejection for the first time, grow sword tail, become 2 age king crab seedling, during this period, the micro-inflation of water body, changes water once every 7-15d, and temperature is that normal temperature or artificial temperature control, salinity are at 20-30ppt, pH is at 7.5-8.6, DO >=6mg/L;
D, 2 age king crab put in a suitable place to breed: after 2 ages, the king crab young starts to ingest, with the density of 900-1200/m2, put in a suitable place to breed micro-inflation in the husky environment of paving and raised, now throw something and feed fairy shrimp or mixed bait, during this period, the micro-inflation of water body, change water every day once, temperature is normal temperature or artificial temperature control, and salinity is controlled at 20-30ppt, pH is at 7.5-8.6, DO >=6mg/L.
2. be applicable to according to claim 1 king crab from the efficient breeding method of fertilized egg to 2 age grade section, it is characterized in that, in described step a, this Glass fibre reinforced plastic tub is 500L, this hatching basket diameter is 30-60cm, the degree of depth is 15-20cm, in this hatching basket, above by spacing distance, is provided with the through hole that some apertures are 2mm.
3. be applicable to according to claim 1 king crab from the efficient breeding method of fertilized egg to 2 age grade section, it is characterized in that, in described step b, each Glass fibre reinforced plastic tub can be put into 10-15 of hatching basket.
4. be applicable to according to claim 1 king crab from the efficient breeding method of fertilized egg to 2 age grade section, it is characterized in that, in described steps d, or the king crab young is put in a suitable place to breed and in natural waters, carries out enhancement releasing.
5. be applicable to according to claim 1 king crab from the efficient breeding method of fertilized egg to 2 age grade section, it is characterized in that, from the process of fertilized egg to 2 king crab in the age young, the king crab young does not ingest, and only depends in yolk nutrition, to carry out self and grow.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107509665A (en) * | 2017-09-12 | 2017-12-26 | 钦州学院 | A kind of method by controlling metrifonate concentration to improve Tachypleus tridentatus larvae survival rate |
| CN107926779A (en) * | 2017-11-10 | 2018-04-20 | 广西壮族自治区海洋研究所 | A kind of Tachypleus tridentatus suspension artificial incubation method |
| CN115067239A (en) * | 2022-07-06 | 2022-09-20 | 泉州市嗣家名茶发展有限公司 | Limulus gigas rapid fattening breeding method for blood extraction |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115067239A (en) * | 2022-07-06 | 2022-09-20 | 泉州市嗣家名茶发展有限公司 | Limulus gigas rapid fattening breeding method for blood extraction |
| CN115067239B (en) * | 2022-07-06 | 2023-03-10 | 泉州市嗣家名茶发展有限公司 | Limulus gigas rapid fattening breeding method for blood extraction |
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Application publication date: 20141203 |