CN104137729B - A kind of Chinese sorghum breeding material 1 year three generations's Jia Dai method - Google Patents
A kind of Chinese sorghum breeding material 1 year three generations's Jia Dai method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104137729B CN104137729B CN201410381500.4A CN201410381500A CN104137729B CN 104137729 B CN104137729 B CN 104137729B CN 201410381500 A CN201410381500 A CN 201410381500A CN 104137729 B CN104137729 B CN 104137729B
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of Chinese sorghum breeding material 1 year three generations's Jia Dai method, comprises the following steps: step one: the first season material nursery and administrative skill ahead of time; Step 2: the first season Chinese sorghum material transplanting condition determination; Step 3: in greenhouse Chinese sorghum material temperature and humidity regulation and transplant after management; Step 4: the determination of first-generation material harvest time; Step 5: seed treatment before the sowing of first-generation material; Step 6: the second season sorghum production the control of rate of emergence; Step 7: period management when third generation seed south is numerous. The present invention utilizes greenhouse to add a generation in locality, and the special climate condition in recycling Hainan adds a generation again, it is achieved the increasing generation technique of Chinese sorghum 1 year three generations, the utilization of this technology can shorten Xinjiang Chinese sorghum breeding time, it is to increase breeding efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural technology field, it is specially a kind of Chinese sorghum breeding material 1 year three generations's Jia Dai method.
Background technology
Chinese sorghum is Gramineae sorghum, annual herb plant, is one of Chinese cereal crop cultivated the earliest. The biological yield of Chinese sorghum and economic yield are all higher, have stronger drought resisting, saline-alkali property waterlogging, resistance to and adaptability, and in Plain, massif, flood be hollow, saltings all can be planted, and belongs to the crop of high yield, stable yields. CHINA SORGHUM is produced based on grain with Chinese sorghum, has sugar, feeding and genus temperate zone, technique Chinese sorghum Xinjiang continental climate concurrently, winter length, severe cold, summer is short, hot, and autumn in spring seasonal variation is violent. Under normal circumstances Chinese sorghum 1 year can only maturation once, belong to spring sowing Early-mid ripening district, the north. Xinjiang Chinese sorghum breeding research starting is late, in order to accelerate breeding process, shortens breeding time, and current increasing generation technique mainly carries out in Hainan.
Chinese sorghum south numerous added-generation technology refers to the plantation that the weather condition utilizing winter warm in south carry out, Chinese sorghum south numerous added-generation main task be breeding material add generation, the expansion composite, parent material of symptom of a trend kind is numerous, hybrid seeding. Realize 1 year strange land two generation of Chinese sorghum. In the generation that adds of prior art, can only add a generation. Compared with this technology, it does not have make full use of 2,3,4 months of 1 year
Summary of the invention
In order to solve problems of the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of Chinese sorghum breeding material 1 year three generations's Jia Dai method, greenhouse is utilized to add a generation in locality, the special climate condition in recycling Hainan adds a generation again, realize the increasing generation technique of Chinese sorghum 1 year three generations, Xinjiang Chinese sorghum breeding time is shortened in the utilization of this technology, it is to increase breeding efficiency. Its technical scheme is:
A kind of Chinese sorghum breeding material 1 year three generations's Jia Dai method, comprises the following steps:
Step one: the first season material ahead of time nursery and administrative skill
February carries out nursery in the heating installation condition house that has that daylighting condition is good;
1) carry out nutrition soil mid-February to prepare;
Major ingredient is with 7 parts of loose fertile, land for growing field crops tables soil of not planting Chinese sorghum crop, and part fertilizer become thoroughly decomposed that adds 3, makes after mixing even sieving, auxiliary material: every cubic metre of nutrition soil adds diammonium phosphate 0.5��1 kilogram, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 0.5��1 kilogram again; In addition, every cubic metre enters 50% thiophanate methyl or 50% powder of carbendazim 80��100 grams, to prevent sprout term disease; Nutrition soil is filled to plastic nutritional alms bowl 3/4ths, neatly pile up daylighting condition good there is heating installation condition house area without shade;
2) seed treatment is basked seeds before sowing for 3-4 days, it is to increase percentage of germination;
3) the interior sowing of nutrition pot by the end of February
Average indoor temperature at 20 DEG C time, nutrition pot is watered permeable, each nutrition pot broadcasts 3-4 grain sorghum seeds spacing 2cm, then covers the thick fine earth of 1cm; Nutrition pot covers transparent plastic film after all finishing, to reach heat and moisture preserving effect;
4) seedling management is strengthened
When seed sprouting reaches 50% in nutrition pot, throw off film; When seedling grows to 3-4 sheet leaf, timely thinning, in each nutrition pot, preferably stay 2 seedlings, and carry out weeding and insect protected work, it is noted that temperature and water-fertilizer conditioning, to cultivate short healthy and strong seedling;
Step 2: the determination of Chinese sorghum material transplanting condition
1) transplant in time
To be transplanted in time to heliogreenhouse when 30-35 days age of seedling or leaf 6-7 in age leaf; Transplanting first 10 days heliogreenhouses and to be carried out storage moisture in the soil of watering, treat that greenhouse surface skin becomes dry and turn white, mu executes diammonium phosphate 25 kilograms, 6 kilograms, urea, after evenly spreading fertilizer over the fields wholely; Plant first hardening 3-4 days, reject sick seedling, deformity seedling;
2) two seedling field planting
Because in nutrition pot being two seedlings, therefore nest distance can suitably be amplified to 28cm, and line-spacing is 60cm; Accomplishing seedling multi-band soil during transplanting, hinder root less, the nest big end, puts down, and seedling is upright, root stem stalk lid soil about 3cm, and root system is unfolded, and in lower reality, pine, waters after having transplanted immediately;
Step 3: in greenhouse Chinese sorghum material temperature and humidity regulation and transplant after management
Because Ili Prefecture outdoor temperature at the beginning of 4 months is lower, and temperature Change is big, will prevent seedling-slowing stage and jointing low temperature in early stage from causing harm; Placing girth in corridor, greenhouse is 2 meters, and length is about the water bag of greenhouse length, utilizes the absorb heat daytime principle of heat release in evening of water bag to carry out temperature adjustment;
Note greenhouse high temperature to June by the end of April, carry out cooling of leaking informaton in time; Cooling of leaking informaton must be carried out when temperature indoor air temperature reaches 45 DEG C; When temperature indoor material 40% is bloomed, throw off heliogreenhouse shed film, wet down and ventilation;
When the Chinese sorghum litmus mouth phase, carry out ridging and water, boot stage, filling stage, water, weeding;
Step 4: the determination of first-generation material harvest time
Ili Prefecture Chinese sorghum first season material must be gathered in the crops to July 3 by the end of June, just can make the Chinese sorghum normal mature second season, shows that sorghum seed is 60��70% at breast percentage of germination in ripe mid-term according to relevant research, and wax ripe mid-term is 70��80%; Early cut off the water by the Chinese sorghum later stage first season, when ensureing certain percentage of germination, carry out results ahead of time, to shorten bearing time;
Step 5: seed treatment before the sowing of first-generation material
Seeds before seeding is basked seeds 1 day, and to strengthen seed vitality, then with 55 DEG C of water seed soakings generally with 30 minutes, " 920 " solution seed soaking of 25ppm 4-5 hour, improves seeding ratio further;
The material second season must be planted before early July;
Step 6: the second season sorghum production the control of rate of emergence;
1) the Chinese sorghum second season ripe later stage prevents low temperature and early frost from causing Chinese sorghum seed blighted grain light, endures cold, and mid-September carries out heliogreenhouse shed film covering in time, it is to increase breeding time total effective temperature, accelerate high seed growing process;
2), after results, Chinese sorghum fruit ear to be arranged on the spot and carry out airing, in case fruit ear moldy metamorphism; Airing is to carrying out threshing when water ratio 17%��18% again; Or seed is carried out in thermostat container drying and processing, water ratio is dropped to less than 14%;
Step 7: period management when third generation seed south is numerous;
At the beginning of by the end of October to 11 month, Chinese sorghum material is carried out program request on film in Sanya, Hainan, drip and emerge, carry out under-film drip irrigation fertilising at jointing stage, typhon mouth phase, heading stage, initial stage filling stage respectively; Later stage notes few nitrogenous fertilizer, early cuts off the water.
Preferably, sowing by the end of February described in step one, during average indoor temperature 20 DEG C, each nutrition pot broadcasts 3-4 grain sorghum seeds spacing 2cm, then covers the thick fine earth of 1cm;
Preferably, the diameter of the alms bowl of plastic nutritional described in step one 8��10 centimetres.
Preferably, to be transplanted in time to heliogreenhouse when 30-35 days age of seedling described in step 2 or leaf 6-7 in age leaf; Two seedling field planting, nest is apart from 28cm, and line-spacing is 60cm;
Preferably, filling with clean water inside water bag described in step 3, after pouring water, water bag thickness is about 25cm, and length is greenhouse length.
Preferably, must carry out, when temperature indoor air temperature reaches 45 DEG C, cooling of leaking informaton described in step 3; When temperature indoor material 40% is bloomed, throw off heliogreenhouse shed film
Preferably, the first season described in step 4 kind, Chinese sorghum material must be gathered in the crops to July 3 by the end of June,
Preferably, seeds before seeding described in step 5 kind is basked seeds 1 day, to strengthen seed vitality, then with 55 DEG C of water seed soakings generally with 30 minutes, and " 920 " solution seed soaking of 25ppm 4-5 hour
Preferably, Yi Li described in step 6 carries out heliogreenhouse shed film covering mid-September in time
Compared with prior art, the useful effect of the present invention is:
The present invention utilizes greenhouse to add a generation in locality, the special climate condition in recycling Hainan adds a generation again, realize the increasing generation technique of Chinese sorghum 1 year three generations, the utilization of this technology can shorten Xinjiang Chinese sorghum breeding time, improving breeding efficiency, other crops of Xinjiang are added for there being certain enlightening significance by the utilization of this technology. It is mainly reflected in the following aspects:
1, making full use of local weather and facility condition, accurate assurance is material first season nursery period and harvest time then, to ensure that 1 year three generations fully effectively arranges period, to realize 1 year three generations.
2, Chinese sorghum is happiness temperature crop, and suitable high temperature can accelerate its growing process. Utilize heliogreenhouse avoid on the one hand Xinjiang late frost in early spring, autumn early frost and the seedling stage first season low temperature, add the total effective temperature in Chinese sorghum breeding time on the other hand, shorten bearing time.
3, the thermal capacity utilizing water bigger, places the water bag of certain volume in greenhouse, to reach the object regulating the temperature in greenhouse, for Chinese sorghum growth provides relatively suitable growing environment.
4, the material seed produced the first season is basked seeds, the integrated approach such as hot water treatment of seeds breaks sorghum seeds dormancy, it is to increase seedling rate, for the plantation second season is ready.
5, the material second season continues to carry out (at the beginning of 7 months) plantation at heliogreenhouse, outside air temperature continuous three daily minimal tcmperature at 14 DEG C time (Ili Prefecture about 9 about the middle ten days), heliogreenhouse bedding canopy film, to avoid low temperature, early frost, increases total effective temperature.
6, gathering in the crops Chinese sorghum material in time at the beginning of by the end of October to 11 month and continuation process, in adding a generation again at the beginning of 11 months, it is achieved namely Chinese sorghum material 1 year three generations add for twice.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the technical scheme of the present invention is described further.
A kind of Chinese sorghum breeding material 1 year three generations's Jia Dai method, comprises the following steps:
Step one: the first season material ahead of time nursery and administrative skill (first-generation material)
February in daylighting condition good have heating installation condition house (Xinjiang February-March indoor have heating installation) carry out nursery;
1) carry out nutrition soil mid-February to prepare;
Major ingredient is with 7 parts of loose fertile, land for growing field crops tables soil of not planting Chinese sorghum crop, and part fertilizer become thoroughly decomposed that adds 3, makes after mixing even sieving, auxiliary material: every cubic metre of nutrition soil adds diammonium phosphate 0.5��1 kilogram, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 0.5��1 kilogram again; In addition, every cubic metre enters 50% thiophanate methyl or 50% powder of carbendazim 80��100 grams, to prevent sprout term disease; Nutrition soil is filled to plastic nutritional alms bowl (diameter 8��10 centimetres) 3/4ths, neatly pile up daylighting condition good there is heating installation condition house area without shade;
2) seed treatment is basked seeds before sowing for 3-4 days, it is to increase percentage of germination;
3) the interior sowing of nutrition pot by the end of February
Average indoor temperature at 20 DEG C time, nutrition pot is watered permeable, each nutrition pot broadcasts 3-4 grain sorghum seeds spacing 2cm, then covers the thick fine earth of 1cm; Nutrition pot covers transparent plastic film after all finishing, to reach heat and moisture preserving effect;
4) seedling management is strengthened
When seed sprouting reaches 50% in nutrition pot, throw off film; When seedling grows to 3-4 sheet leaf, timely thinning, in each nutrition pot, preferably stay 2 seedlings, and carry out weeding and insect protected work, it is noted that temperature and water-fertilizer conditioning, to cultivate short healthy and strong seedling;
Step 2: the determination of Chinese sorghum material transplanting condition
1) transplant in time
To be transplanted in time when 30-35 days age of seedling or leaf 6-7 in age leaf to heliogreenhouse (Ili Prefecture is at the beginning of about 4 months); Transplanting first 10 days heliogreenhouses and to be carried out storage moisture in the soil of watering, treat that greenhouse surface skin becomes dry and turn white, mu executes diammonium phosphate 25 kilograms, 6 kilograms, urea, after evenly spreading fertilizer over the fields wholely; Plant first hardening 3-4 days, reject sick seedling, deformity seedling;
2) two seedling field planting
Because in nutrition pot being two seedlings, therefore nest distance can suitably be amplified to 28cm, and line-spacing is 60cm; Accomplishing seedling multi-band soil during transplanting, hinder root less, the nest big end, puts down, and seedling is upright, root stem stalk lid soil about 3cm, and root system is unfolded, and in lower reality, pine, waters after having transplanted, immediately to improve surviving rate;
Step 3: in greenhouse Chinese sorghum material temperature and humidity regulation and transplant after management
Because Ili Prefecture outdoor temperature at the beginning of 4 months is lower, and temperature Change is big, will prevent seedling-slowing stage and jointing low temperature in early stage from causing harm; Placing girth in corridor, greenhouse is 2 meters, and length is about the water bag (the inside fill with clean water, after pouring water, water bag thickness is about 25cm) of greenhouse length, utilizes the absorb heat daytime principle of heat release in evening of water bag to carry out temperature adjustment;
Note greenhouse high temperature to June by the end of April, carry out cooling of leaking informaton in time; Cooling of leaking informaton must be carried out when temperature indoor air temperature reaches 45 DEG C; When temperature indoor material 40% is bloomed, throwing off heliogreenhouse shed film, to be conducive to cooling, wet down and ventilation, make raising Chinese sorghum material pollination setting percentage;
When the Chinese sorghum litmus mouth phase, carry out ridging and water, boot stage, filling stage, water, weeding;
Step 4: the determination of first-generation material (first season) harvest time
Ili Prefecture Chinese sorghum first season material must be gathered in the crops to July 3 by the end of June, just can make the Chinese sorghum second season (s-generation) normal mature, shows that sorghum seed is 60��70% at breast percentage of germination in ripe mid-term according to relevant research, and wax ripe mid-term is 70��80%; Early cut off the water by the Chinese sorghum later stage first season, when ensureing certain percentage of germination, carry out results ahead of time, time shorten bearing time;
Step 5: seed treatment (the plantation second season) before the Chinese sorghum material sowing second season,
Seeds before seeding is basked seeds 1 day, and to strengthen seed vitality, then with 55 DEG C of water seed soakings generally with 30 minutes, " 920 " solution seed soaking of 25ppm 4-5 hour, improves seeding ratio further;
The material second season must be planted before early July;
Step 6: the third quarter Chinese sorghum material produce rate of emergence control;
1) the Chinese sorghum ripe later stage prevents low temperature and early frost from causing Chinese sorghum seed blighted grain light, endures cold, carries out heliogreenhouse shed film covering (about mid-September) in time, it is to increase breeding time total effective temperature, accelerate high seed growing process;
2), after results, Chinese sorghum fruit ear to be arranged on the spot and carry out airing, in case fruit ear moldy metamorphism; Airing is to carrying out threshing when water ratio 17%��18% again; Or seed is carried out in thermostat container drying and processing, water ratio is dropped to less than 14%;
Step 7: period management when third generation seed south is numerous;
At the beginning of by the end of October to 11 month, Chinese sorghum material is carried out program request on film in Sanya, Hainan, drip and emerge, carry out under-film drip irrigation fertilising at jointing stage, typhon mouth phase, heading stage, initial stage filling stage respectively; Later stage notes few nitrogenous fertilizer, early cuts off the water, can do sth. in advance sorghum seed maturation.
The above; it is only the present invention's preferably embodiment; protection scope of the present invention is not limited to this; any it is familiar with those skilled in the art; in the technical scope of present disclosure, the simple transformation of the technical scheme that can obtain apparently or equivalence are replaced and are all fallen within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. a Chinese sorghum breeding material 1 year three generations's Jia Dai method, it is characterised in that, comprise the following steps:
Step one: the first season material ahead of time nursery and administrative skill
February carries out nursery in the heating installation condition house that has that daylighting condition is good;
1) carry out nutrition soil mid-February to prepare;
Major ingredient: with 7 parts of loose fertile, land for growing field crops tables soil of not planting Chinese sorghum crop, part fertilizer become thoroughly decomposed that adds 3, makes after mixing even sieving, auxiliary material: every cubic metre of nutrition soil adds diammonium phosphate 0.5��1 kilogram, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 0.5��1 kilogram again; In addition, every cubic metre adds 50% thiophanate methyl or 50% powder of carbendazim 80��100 grams, to prevent sprout term disease; Nutrition soil is filled to plastic nutritional alms bowl 3/4ths, neatly pile up daylighting condition good there is heating installation condition house area without shade;
2) seed treatment: bask seeds for 3-4 days before sowing, it is to increase percentage of germination;
3) the interior sowing of plastic nutritional alms bowl by the end of February
Average indoor temperature at 20 DEG C time, plastic nutritional alms bowl is watered permeable, 3-4 grain sorghum seeds broadcast by each plastic nutritional alms bowl, spacing 2cm, then covers the thick fine earth of 1cm; After all finishing, plastic nutritional alms bowl covers transparent plastic film, to reach heat and moisture preserving effect;
4) seedling management is strengthened
When seed sprouting reaches 50% in plastic nutritional alms bowl, throw off transparent plastic film; When seedling grows to 3-4 sheet leaf, timely thinning, in each plastic nutritional alms bowl, stay 2 seedlings, and carry out weeding and insect protected work, it is noted that temperature and water-fertilizer conditioning, to cultivate short healthy and strong seedling;
Step 2: the determination of Chinese sorghum material transplanting condition
1) transplant in time
To be transplanted in time to heliogreenhouse when 30-35 days age of seedling or leaf 6-7 in age leaf; Transplanting first 10 days heliogreenhouses and to be carried out storage moisture in the soil of watering, treat that heliogreenhouse ground epidermis becomes dry and turn white, mu executes diammonium phosphate 25 kilograms, 6 kilograms, urea, after evenly spreading fertilizer over the fields wholely; Plant first hardening 3-4 days, reject sick seedling, deformity seedling;
2) two seedling field planting
Because in plastic nutritional alms bowl being two seedlings, therefore nest distance is suitably amplified to 28cm, and line-spacing is 60cm; Accomplishing seedling multi-band soil during transplanting, hinder root less, the nest big end, puts down, and seedling is upright, root stem stalk lid soil about 3cm, and root system is unfolded, and in lower reality, pine, waters after having transplanted immediately;
Step 3: in heliogreenhouse Chinese sorghum material temperature and humidity regulation and transplant after management
Because Ili Prefecture outdoor temperature at the beginning of 4 months is lower, and temperature Change is big, will prevent seedling-slowing stage and jointing chilling damage in early stage; Placing girth in heliogreenhouse corridor is 2 meters, and length is about the water bag of heliogreenhouse length, utilizes the absorb heat daytime principle of heat release in evening of water bag to carry out temperature adjustment;
Note heliogreenhouse high temperature to June by the end of April, carry out cooling of leaking informaton in time; Cooling of leaking informaton must be carried out when temperature in heliogreenhouse reaches 45 DEG C; When material in heliogreenhouse 40% is bloomed, throw off heliogreenhouse shed film, wet down and ventilation;
When the Chinese sorghum litmus mouth phase, carry out ridging and water, boot stage, filling stage, water, weeding;
Step 4: the determination of first-generation material harvest time
Ili Prefecture Chinese sorghum first season material by the end of June to results during July 3, just must can make the Chinese sorghum normal mature second season, shows that sorghum seed is 60��70% at breast percentage of germination in ripe mid-term according to relevant research, and wax ripe mid-term is 70��80%; Early cut off the water by the Chinese sorghum later stage first season, when ensureing certain percentage of germination, carry out results ahead of time, to shorten bearing time;
Step 5: seed treatment before the sowing of first-generation material
Seeds before seeding is basked seeds 1 day, and to strengthen seed vitality, then with 55 DEG C of water seed soakings 30 minutes, " 920 " solution seed soaking of 25ppm 4-5 hour, improves seeding ratio further;
The material second season must be planted before early July;
Step 6: the second season sorghum production the control of rate of emergence;
1) the Chinese sorghum second season ripe later stage prevents low temperature and early frost from causing Chinese sorghum seed blighted grain light, endures cold, and Yi Li carries out heliogreenhouse shed film covering mid-September in time, it is to increase breeding time total effective temperature, accelerate jowar seed growing process;
2), after results, Chinese sorghum fruit ear to be arranged on the spot and carry out airing, in case fruit ear moldy metamorphism; Airing is to carrying out threshing when water ratio 17%��18% again; Or seed is carried out in thermostat container drying and processing, water ratio is dropped to less than 14%;
Step 7: period management when third generation seed south is numerous;
At the beginning of by the end of October to 11 month, Chinese sorghum material is carried out program request on film in Sanya, Hainan, drip and emerge, carry out under-film drip irrigation fertilising at jointing stage, typhon mouth phase, heading stage, initial stage filling stage respectively; Later stage notes few nitrogenous fertilizer, early cuts off the water.
2. Chinese sorghum breeding material 1 year three generations's Jia Dai method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that, the diameter of the alms bowl of plastic nutritional described in step one 8��10 centimetres.
3. Chinese sorghum breeding material 1 year three generations's Jia Dai method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that, fill with clean water inside water bag described in step 3, after pouring water, water bag thickness is about 25cm, and length is heliogreenhouse length.
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| CN105519337A (en) * | 2016-01-05 | 2016-04-27 | 河南农业大学 | Peanut three-generations-a-year generation-increasing breeding technology |
| CN105850268A (en) * | 2016-04-13 | 2016-08-17 | 重庆燕盆高粱种植专业合作社 | Sorghum seedling growing method |
| CN106358672A (en) * | 2016-08-28 | 2017-02-01 | 康黎明 | Method for planting sorghum |
| CN107771636A (en) * | 2017-12-13 | 2018-03-09 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院经济作物研究所 | The quick of early soybean filial generation three crops per annual adds for method |
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| 新疆农作物种子南繁工作历程及成就;蔡霞;《新疆农业科技》;20061130(第6期);第18-19页 * |
| 时空变化对甜高粱农艺性状的影响及分析;冯国郡等;《新疆农业科学》;20100228;第47卷(第2期);第285-290页 * |
| 海南三亚地区高粱的前期整地、播种和苗期管理;李志华;《杂粮作物》;20050825;第25卷(第4期);第621-262页 * |
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