CN1041310C - 10-脱乙酰基浆果赤霉素ⅲ制造方法 - Google Patents

10-脱乙酰基浆果赤霉素ⅲ制造方法 Download PDF

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CN1041310C
CN1041310C CN93104617A CN93104617A CN1041310C CN 1041310 C CN1041310 C CN 1041310C CN 93104617 A CN93104617 A CN 93104617A CN 93104617 A CN93104617 A CN 93104617A CN 1041310 C CN1041310 C CN 1041310C
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R·马格雷夫
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Abstract

用紫杉(Taxus sp.)各部分制备10-脱乙酰基浆果赤霉素Ⅲ的方法中用水处理紫杉适用部分后得到的水溶液再用适宜有机溶剂提取,然后选择性结晶分出10-脱乙酰基浆果赤霉素Ⅲ。

Description

10-脱乙酰基浆果赤霉素Ⅲ制造方法
本发明涉及用含Taxotere或其类似物的植物的各部分制造用于经半合成法制备紫杉醇或红豆杉醇(Taxol)的中间产物的方法。
本发明特别是涉及用各种紫杉或红豆杉(yew)的树皮,树杆,根或叶选择性制取10-脱乙酰基浆果赤霉素III的方法。
下式紫杉醇和Taxotere及其类似物具有明显抗癌和抗白血病性,可制成治疗各种癌如乳腺,前列腺,结肠,胃,肾,睾丸癌,尤其是卵巢癌的疗效显著的化疗剂。
Figure C9310461700051
式(I)中Ar尤其指任意地取代的苯基,R可为氢或乙酰基或N-取代氨基甲酰基,R′指氢或N-取代氨基甲酰基且R1可为苯基或R2-O-基,而R2指烷基,烯基,炔基,环烷基,环烯基,双环烷基,苯基或杂环基。
紫杉醇对应于式(I)中Ar和R1为苯基且R为乙酰基和R′为氢的产品,而Taxotere对应于式(I)中Ar为苯基,R和R'为为氢且R1为叔丁氧基的产品。
自然界中各种紫杉中存在的少量紫杉醇难于在不完全损坏植物的情况下分离出来,如其分离法已见于C.H.O.Huang et alJ.Natl.Prod.49,665(1986),其中用甲醇处理研磨的短叶紫杉树皮,将提取液浓缩,用二氯甲烷萃取浓缩物,再浓缩后将剩余物分散在己烷-丙酮混合物(1-1体积比)用Florisil柱色谱法将可溶部分提纯而得紫杉醇粗产品,用甲醇-水和己烷-丙酮混合物顺序重结晶后再经色谱提纯并再次结晶这样提取的紫杉醇量可为所用植物部分的0.005-0.017%。
Taxotere在自然界中不存在,可用下式10-脱乙酰基浆果赤霉素III部分合成制得
Figure C9310461700061
方法已见于如US 4814470或4924012或PCTWO92/09589。
紫杉醇也可用另外的方法制成,其中用10-脱乙酰基浆果赤霉索III或在US 485753所述条件下用Taxotere中间产物或在EP400971或428376所述条件下酯化浆果赤霉素III或在US4924011所述条件下酯化10-脱乙酰浆果赤霉素III后乙酰化。
各种紫杉(浆果紫杉,短叶紫杉,加拿大紫杉,东北紫杉,佛罗里达紫杉,Taxus media,喜马拉雅紫杉)含taxane衍生物,其中主要为紫杉醇和10-脱乙酰基浆果赤霉素III,其它衍生物尤其为Cephalomannin,10-脱乙酰Cephalomannin或浆果赤霉素III,任意地与糖相连。
而紫杉醇主要存在于树杆和皮中,10-脱乙酰基浆果赤霉素III主要存在于树叶中,而叶中10-脱乙酰基浆果赤霉素III量一般大大高于紫杉醇量,而且无论是就树皮,还是树杆或叶而言均如此。
因此尤为重要的是能获得10-脱乙酰基浆果赤霉素III,这是比直接从紫杉中提取的办法制取更多紫杉醇并且是制备Taxotere所必须的。
从紫杉叶中提取10-脱乙酰基浆果赤霉素III不会完全破坏该植物,其叶在每一生长循环后又可再用。
提取紫杉各部分(皮,杆,根,叶等)存在的taxane衍生物的已知方法一般要求使用时间长且耗费高的色谱技术,其中不能完全和定量分离先存在于植物中的taxane衍生物。
按US 4814470所述方法在乙醇中湿法研磨针叶,用有机溶剂如二氯甲烷和后续的色谱分离可得10-脱乙酰基浆果赤霉素III,收率为300mg/kg叶(浆果紫杉)。
紫杉各部分中所含taxane衍生的各种成分也可按尤其见于PCT WO92/07842的反液相色谱法分离,其中主要是在已固定了taxane衍生物的吸附剂上进行反液相色谱处理紫杉粗提取物,洗出taxane衍生物后将其分离,按该法可从1kg研细干叶中分出200mg 10-脱乙酰基浆果赤霉素III。
作为本发明主题,现已发现可采用不经色谱技术的简单方法从紫杉各部分,尤其是从叶中以极高选择性和优异收率提取10-脱乙酰基浆果赤霉素III,如可提取约800mg 10-脱乙酰基浆果赤霉素III/kg紫杉叶(浆果紫杉)。
更具体地讲,本发明方法包括:
1)用水处理研细的紫杉部分(Taxus sp.),
2)从悬浮植物中分出含10-脱乙酰基浆果赤霉素III的水溶液,
3)用有机溶剂从水溶液中提取10-脱乙酰基浆果赤霉素III,
4)从水相中分出含10-脱乙酰基浆果赤霉素III的有机提取物,
5)从这样分出的有机提取物中去除有机溶剂,
6)用有机溶剂从这样得到的残余物中选择性结晶分出10-脱乙酰基浆果赤霉素III和
7)分出提纯的10-脱乙酰基浆果赤霉素III。
可用紫杉的任何适宜部分,如皮,杆,根或叶进行本发明方法,用于进行本发明方法的紫杉优选属于浆果紫杉,短叶紫杉,加拿大紫杉,东北紫杉,佛罗里达紫杉,Taxus media或喜马拉雅紫杉种,特别是用一般来说更富含10-脱乙酰基浆果赤霉素III的紫杉叶(浆果紫杉,短叶紫杉),而且所用片段尺寸可为0.5至几毫米,为了方便可有利地用平均尺寸小于1mm的片段。研细且任意地干燥的紫杉部分可经研磨和任意地干燥而得,这任意地在该植物新鲜部分冻融前或后进行或安排在冻融操作之间进行。
紫杉研细部分水处理可按本专业人员已知的技术进行,尤其是含10-脱乙酰基浆果赤霉素III的水溶液一般是在20-65℃下将研细紫杉部分在水中搅拌30分钟至2小时而得到,其中应用水量可在很宽范围内变化,但宜用2-10l水/kg研细和干燥植物部分,优选约5l水/kg被处理植物,可有效地用去矿物质水进行该处理并进行超声波操作。
为提高收率,可用植物进行多次水处理以得到可在下述条件下提取10-脱乙酰基浆果赤霉素III的水溶液。
所得含10-脱乙酰基浆果赤霉素III的水溶液可按常规方法如过滤,离心分离或沉降法与植物分开。所得水溶液必要时冷却后提取10-脱乙酰基浆果赤霉素III,其中用有机溶剂进行一或多次,特别适宜的有机溶剂选自醚如甲基叔丁基醚,乙基叔丁基醚,甲基正丁基醚,甲基正戊基醚,乙基叔戊基醚,叔丁基异丙基醚,乙基异丁基醚,叔丁基正丙基醚或乙基正己基醚以及脂族酯如乙酸乙酯,乙酸丙酯,乙酸异丙酯,乙酸正丁酯,乙酸叔丁酯,叔丁基乙酸甲酯,丙酸叔丁酯或乙酸叔戊酯,特别是甲基叔丁基醚,乙基叔丁基醚,乙酸乙酯和乙酸正丁酯。
用有机溶剂提取一般可用其PH小于7且优选小于6的水溶液进行。
含10-脱乙酰基浆果赤霉素III的有机提取物用常规技术如沉降法与水相分开。
该有机提取物任意地用弱碱水溶液(如碳酸钠水溶液)和/或水洗涤。干燥后提取物的有机溶剂用常规方法去除,特别是蒸馏去除,任意地减压进行,得到可从中分出10-脱乙酰基浆果赤霉素III的常为固态的残余物。
选择性结晶分离10-脱乙酰基浆果赤霉素III可用所得残余物的有机溶剂溶液或有机溶剂混合物溶液进行,可有效用于使10-脱乙酰基浆果赤霉素III选择性结晶的溶剂为腈如乙腈或异丁腈,任意地混入脂肪醇如甲醇,乙醇,丙醇,异丙醇或正丁醇,或脂肪酯如乙酸乙酯,乙酸正丁酯或乙酸叔丁酯或脂肪酮如丙酮,甲·乙酮,甲基·丙基酮,甲基。正丁基酮或甲基·异丁基酮,尤其是用乙腈进行选择性结晶,任意地存在乙醇和/或乙酸乙酯或正丁酯和/或丙酮。
沉淀的10-脱乙酰基浆果赤霉素III可过滤,沉降或离心分离出来。
本发明方法可得基本上纯的10-脱乙酰基浆果赤霉素III,其收率一般远远大于用前述现有方法得到的收率。本发明方法还可基本上定量提取含于所用植物部分,尤其是叶中的所有10-脱乙酰基浆果赤霉素III。
本发明提取方法得到的10-脱乙酰基浆果赤霉素III可用来制备紫杉醇或Taxotere或其衍生物,其条件见于尤其是专利EP0253738,EP0253739,EP0336841,EP0336840,WO92/09589,EP0400971和EP0428376。
以下实施例详述本发明。
例1
向2.5l加热到50℃的去矿物质水中加500g研细干燥紫杉(浆果紫杉)叶,其平均粒径小于1mm且其中10-脱乙酰基浆果赤霉素III含量用高效液相色谱(HPLC)测得为0.08%(即500g叶中400gm 10-脱乙酰基浆果赤霉素III),混合物50℃搅拌1小时后过滤。
滤液(1.8l)PH5.4,用0.9l乙酸乙酯提取3次,组合有机相(2.7l)用2份1l 0.1M碳酸钠溶液洗涤后用1l去矿物质水洗涤两次并最后用硫酸钠干燥。过滤并浓缩至干后得固体(3.2g),再近于70℃用9Cm3乙腈提取,+4℃冷却过夜后过滤出沉淀,干燥后得245mg晶体,HPLC分析含75%纯10-脱乙酰基浆果赤霉素III,即183mg,而母液含40mg 10-脱乙酰基浆果赤霉素III。
保留0.7l水的植物在上述条件下提取两次,组合滤液如上处理,从而得2.5g固体产物,再于近70℃下用5Cm3乙腈提取,近+4℃冷却过夜后滤出169mg晶体,按HPLC分析得75%纯10-脱乙酰基浆果赤霉素III,即127mg,母液含47mg10-脱乙酰基浆果赤霉素III。
用水提取的10-脱乙酰基浆果赤霉素III总量183+40+127+47=397mg。
收率基本上定量。
例2
3l去矿物质水加热到50℃后加500g研细干紫杉叶,其平均粒径1mm,10-脱乙酰基浆果赤霉素III含量经高效液相色谱(HPLC)测定为0.08%(即500g叶中400mg 10-脱乙酰基浆果赤霉素III)。混合物50℃搅拌1小时后过滤,滤液(1.97l)PH 5.15,用浓盐酸调为PH=4.6后在Seitz过滤器中用石棉纸膜过滤,收集到1.8l滤液。
300Cm3滤液用150Cm3提取2次后用60Cm3甲基·叔丁基醚(MTBE)提取4次,组合并浓缩提取物产出620mg固体,再用3Cm3乙腈70℃提取。
+4℃冷却过夜后滤出28mg结晶10-脱乙酰基浆果赤霉素III,其含量经HPLC测定为90%,而母液含12.8mg 10-脱乙酰基浆果赤霉素III。

Claims (27)

1.用紫杉各部分制备10-脱乙酰基浆果赤霉素III的方法,其特征是
1)用水处理研细的紫杉部分,
2)从悬浮植物中分出含10-脱乙酰基浆果赤霉素III的水溶液,
3)用有机溶剂从水溶液中提取10-脱乙酰基浆果赤霉素III,
4)从水相中分出含10-脱乙酰基浆果赤霉素III的有机提取物,
5)从这样分出的有机提取物中去除有机溶剂,
6)用有机溶剂从这样得到的残余物中选择性结晶分出10-脱乙酰基浆果赤霉素III和
7)分出提纯的10-脱乙酰基浆果赤霉素III。
2.权利要求1的方法,其特征是研细且任意干燥的紫杉部分在20~65℃温度下与水搅拌。
3.权利要求2的方法,其特征是研细且任意地干燥的紫杉部分经研磨及任意干燥的操作而得,所述操作任意地在该植物的新鲜部分冻融操作前或后进行,或安排在该植物新鲜部分冻融操作之间进行。
4.权利要求2的方法,其特征是2-10l水/kg研细干燥植物部分。
5.权利要求2-4之一的方法,其特征是用去矿物质水。
6.权利要求2-4之一的方法,其特征是操作在超声波作用下进行。
7.权利要求1的方法,其特征是含10-脱乙酰基浆果赤霉素III的水溶液经过滤,离心分离或沉降法与悬浮植物分开。
8.权利要求1的方法,其特征是含10-脱乙酰基浆果赤霉素III的水溶液用选自醚和脂族酯的有机溶剂提取。
9.权利要求8的方法,其特征是有机溶剂选自甲基叔丁基醚,乙基叔丁基醚,甲基正丁基醚,甲基正戊基醚,乙基叔戊基醚,叔丁基异丙基醚,乙基异丙基醚,叔丁基正丙基醚,乙基正己基醚,乙酸乙酯,乙酸丙酯,乙酸异丙酯,乙酸正丁酯,乙酸叔丁酯,叔丁基乙酸甲酯,丙酸叔丁酯和乙酸叔戊酯。
10.权利要求8的方法,其特征是溶剂选自甲基叔丁基醚,乙基叔丁基醚,乙酸乙酯和乙酸正丁酯。
11.权利要求9的方法,其特征是用pH小于7的水溶液操作。
12.权利要求9的方法,其特征是水溶液pH小于6。
13.权利要求1的方法,其特征是含10-脱乙酰基浆果赤霉素III的有机提取物经重力分离法与水溶液分开。
14.权利要求1的方法,其特征是从含有10-脱乙酰基浆果赤霉素III且任意地用弱碱水溶液和/或水洗涤的有机提取物中蒸馏去除溶剂。
15.权利要求14的方法,其特征是经过减压蒸馏而从有机提取物中去除固体。
16.权利要求1的方法,其特征是用去除溶剂而得的残余物在有机溶剂或其混合物中选择性结晶分出10-脱乙酰基浆果赤霉素III。
17.权利要求16的方法,其特征是溶剂选自任意混入脂肪醇或脂肪酯或脂肪酮的脂族腈。
18.权利要求17的方法,其特征是腈选自乙腈和丙腈。
19.权利要求17的方法,其特征是脂肪醇选自甲醇,乙醇,丙醇,异丙醇和正丁醇。
20.权利要求17的方法,其特征是脂肪酯选自乙酸甲酯,乙酸异丙酯,乙酸正丁酯和乙酸叔丁酯。
21.权利要求17的方法,其特征是脂肪酮选自丙酮,甲·乙酮,甲基·丙基酮,甲基·正丁基酮和甲基·异丁基酮。
22.权利要求17的方法,其特征是选择性结晶利用任意混入乙醇和/或乙酸乙酯或正丁酯和/或丙酮的乙腈进行。
23.权利要求1的方法,其特征是10-脱乙酰基浆果赤霉素III经过滤,沉降或离心分离出来。
24.权利要求1的方法,其特征是10-脱乙酰基浆果赤霉素III从紫杉的皮,杆,根或叶中提取。
25.权利要求24的方法,其特征是从紫杉叶中提取10-脱乙酰基浆果赤霉素III。
26.权利要求24和25中任一项的方法,其特征是紫杉属于浆果紫杉,短叶紫杉,加拿大紫杉,东北紫杉,佛罗里达紫杉,Taxusmedia或喜马拉雅紫杉品种。
27.用权利要求1的方法所得10-脱乙酰基浆果赤霉素III制备紫杉醇,Taxotere或其衍生物。
CN93104617A 1992-10-05 1993-04-21 10-脱乙酰基浆果赤霉素ⅲ制造方法 Expired - Lifetime CN1041310C (zh)

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