CN104066612B - 燃料电池车辆 - Google Patents

燃料电池车辆 Download PDF

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CN104066612B
CN104066612B CN201280068027.3A CN201280068027A CN104066612B CN 104066612 B CN104066612 B CN 104066612B CN 201280068027 A CN201280068027 A CN 201280068027A CN 104066612 B CN104066612 B CN 104066612B
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高田洋平
本间章德
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Abstract

即使在行驶停止后也能检测行驶中从燃料电池系统泄漏的氢,并且能防止产生控制用的电源的蓄电器的蓄电量的降低。因此,即使断开点火开关(11),也维持接通自保持继电器(35)的状态而维持车辆控制器(23)的电源。另一方面,在未检测到燃料电池系统(13)的氢泄漏,而断开行驶系统后经过固定时间时,切断车辆控制器(23)的电源。

Description

燃料电池车辆
技术领域
本发明涉及由电动机利用燃料电池系统产生的电力驱动驱动轮的燃料电池车辆。
背景技术
专利文献1中公开了关于燃料电池系统在发电停止时的氢泄漏的检测。专利文献2中公开了关于系统处于停顿状态时的氢泄漏的检测。专利文献3中公开了检测氢泄漏等异常的系统。在该专利文献1~3公开的技术中,用于检测氢泄漏的装置的电源总是接通。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:特开2005-223535号公报
专利文献2:特开2004-4013号公报
专利文献3:特开2004-214027号公报
发明内容
发明要解决的问题
燃料电池车辆是搭载燃料电池系统(包含氢罐和配管)和电动机,由燃料电池系统产生电力,由此驱动电动机,从而驱动驱动轮而行驶的车辆。在这样的燃料电池车辆中,搭载检测氢的氢泄漏传感器,需要监视来自燃料电池系统的氢的泄漏。
然而,在燃料电池车辆的行驶中,有即使存在来自燃料电池系统的氢的泄漏也由于行驶风而不能检测的可能性。
因此,需要即使燃料电池车辆停止而点火开关断开,也维持氢泄漏传感器、用于在该氢泄漏传感器中检测氢的控制装置的电源,即使在点火开关断开后也能进行氢的泄漏检测。
但是,当即使在点火开关断开后也长期地维持氢泄漏传感器、控制装置的电源时,向它们供给电力的控制用的蓄电器的蓄电量降低。因此,有可能即使下次接通点火开关而想要使车辆行驶也不能行驶。
本发明的目的在于即使在行驶停止后也能检测行驶中从燃料电池系统泄漏的氢,并且能降低产生控制用的电源的蓄电器的电力消耗量。
用于解决问题的方案
(1)本发明的一方式是燃料电池车辆,具备:驱动轮;电动机,其驱动上述驱动轮;燃料电池系统,其产生电力并向上述电动机供给该电力;电池,其储存由上述燃料电池系统产生的电力以向上述电动机供给该电力,上述燃料电池车辆的特征在于,具备:氢泄漏传感器,其检测上述燃料电池系统有无氢泄漏;第1控制部,其控制上述燃料电池系统和上述电池,并且,通过上述氢泄漏传感器判断有无上述氢泄漏;蓄电部,其储存电力用于供给上述氢泄漏传感器和上述第1控制部;以及第2控制部,其在点火开关断开,并且在上述氢泄漏传感器没有检测到上述氢泄漏的情况下,在预定的固定时间的期间维持上述蓄电部向上述氢泄漏传感器和上述第1控制部的电力供给,之后停止该电力供给,上述燃料电池车辆还具备:第1通知部,其在点火开关断开后,上述氢泄漏传感器在持续检测到上述燃料电池系统有氢泄漏的期间,通知该泄漏的事实;以及蓄电量检测传感器,其检测上述蓄电部的蓄电量,在上述蓄电量检测传感器检测的蓄电量低于预定的固定值时,即使在上述预定的固定时间的期间或者在上述第1通知部通知的过程中,上述第2控制部也停止向上述氢泄漏传感器和上述第1控制部进行电力供给。
(2)本发明的另一方式属于(1)的方式,其特征在于,还具备第1通知部,在点火开关断开后,上述氢泄漏传感器在持续检测到上述燃料电池系统有氢泄漏的期间,通知该泄漏的事实。
(3)本发明的另一方式属于(2)的方式,其特征在于,还具备检测上述蓄电部的蓄电量的蓄电量检测传感器,在上述蓄电量检测传感器检测的蓄电量低于预定的固定值时,即使在上述预定的固定时间的期间或者在上述第1通知部通知的过程中,上述第2控制部也停止向上述氢泄漏传感器和上述第1控制部进行电力供给。
(4)本发明另一方式属于(1)的方式,其特征在于,还具备:履历存储部,其在点火开关断开后上述氢泄漏传感器检测到上述燃料电池系统有氢泄漏的情况下,将该氢泄漏的事实作为履历进行存储;以及第2通知部,其在点火开关接通时并且上述履历存储部中存储有上述氢泄漏事实的履历的情况下,通知该事实。
(5)本发明的另一方式属于(4)的方式,还具备行驶禁止部,其在点火开关接通时并且在上述履历存储部中存储有上述氢泄漏的事实的履历的情况下,禁止车辆行驶。
发明效果
根据(1)的方式,即使在行驶停止后也能检测燃料电池车辆的行驶中从燃料电池系统泄漏的氢,并且能降低产生控制用的电源的蓄电器的电力消耗量。
根据(2)的方式,燃料电池车辆周围的人能知道正在从燃料电池系统泄漏氢,能适当地应对。
根据(3)的方式,能防止蓄电部的过放电。
根据(4)的方式,能在下次接通点火开关时通知并提醒乘员点火开关断开中的氢泄漏的事实。
根据(5)的方式,即使行驶中产生的来自燃料电池系统的氢泄漏暂时结束,如果开始车辆的行驶,再次发生氢泄漏的可能性较高,因此如果有点火开关断开中的氢泄漏的事实,则不能使车辆行驶,能防止再次发生氢泄漏。
附图说明
图1是示出作为本发明的一实施方式的燃料电池车辆的电连接的框图。
图2是说明作为本发明的一实施方式的燃料电池车辆的车辆控制器执行的控制的流程图。
图3是说明作为本发明的一实施方式的燃料电池车辆的车辆控制器执行的控制的流程图。
具体实施方式
下面说明本发明的一实施方式。
图1是示出本实施方式的燃料电池车辆1的电连接的框图。燃料电池车辆1利用电动机11驱动驱动轮12。燃料电池系统13产生电力。另外,高电压电池14储存由燃料电池系统13产生的电力。利用逆变器15将由该燃料电池系统13产生的电力或者高电压电池14的储存电力交流化,利用该交流电力驱动电动机11。
氢泄漏传感器16是用于检测燃料电池系统13中使用的氢的泄漏的传感器。
12V电池21是向各部供给12V的直流电源27作为控制用的电源的电池,构成蓄电部。12V电池21作为电源经由DC/DC转换器22对高电压电池14充电。电压传感器25具有通过检测12V电池21的电压来检测12V电池21的蓄电量的作为蓄电量检测传感器的功能。
车辆控制器23是以微型计算机为中心构成的控制装置,集中地控制各部。车辆控制器23能通过CAN(ControllerAreaNetwork:控制器局域网)与燃料电池系统13、高电压电池14、逆变器15等通信,能控制这些设备。车辆控制器23根据其控制功能实现第1控制部、第2控制部、行驶禁止部。另外,车辆控制器23利用其非易失性存储器实现履历存储部。
指示器26能根据车辆控制器23的控制信号对司机显示各种信息。车外蜂鸣器28能发出警告声。车外蜂鸣器28实现第1通知部。指示器26实现第2通知部。
DC/DC继电器31是用于将连接高电压电池14和DC/DC转换器22的线32连接或者切断的继电器。当使DC/DC继电器31接通时,能用高电压电池14的电力对12V电池21充电。
高电压继电器33是用于将连接燃料电池系统13和逆变器15的线34和线32之间连接或者切断的继电器。当使高电压继电器33接通时,能用燃料电池系统13的发电电力对高电压电池14充电,另外,能将高电压电池14的电力供给到电动机11。从车辆控制器23输出控制信号来进行高电压继电器33的接通、断开。
自保持继电器35是用于从直流电源27向车辆控制器23、燃料电池系统13、高电压电池14、逆变器15等供给控制用电源或者使该供给停止的继电器。从车辆控制器23输出控制信号来进行自保持继电器35的接通、断开。
由晶体管构成的开关元件41是用于使自保持继电器35接通、断开的元件。当使燃料电池车辆1的点火开关42接通时,从直流电源27经由二极管43向开关元件41的栅极施加电压而使开关元件41接通,由此使自保持继电器35接通,向车辆控制器23等供给电力。另外,即使断开点火开关42,也能从车辆控制器23经由二极管44向开关元件41的栅极输出控制信号而使开关元件41接通,由此使自保持继电器35接通。
氢泄漏传感器16经由车辆控制器23从直流电源27获得电力,根据来自车辆控制器23的控制信号驱动,并且经由车辆控制器23接地。另外,电压传感器25的检测信号也被车辆控制器23获取。
下面说明车辆控制器23执行的控制的内容。图2、图3是示出该控制内容的流程图。
首先,当通过使点火开关42接通向开关元件41的栅极施加电压而从直流电源27向车辆控制器23供给电力时(步骤S1中的“是”),车辆控制器23开始向开关元件41的栅极输出控制信号,维持接通自保持继电器35(步骤S2),从而,维持接通车辆控制器23的电源的状态。另外,将上次点火开关42断开时由氢泄漏传感器16检测的是否有来自燃料电池系统13的氢的泄漏作为履历存储在车辆控制器23的非易失性存储器中(详细情况后述)。车辆控制器23读出该履历的信息,如果记录着有氢的泄漏的意思的履历,使指示器26显示而通知警报(步骤S2)。此外,警报的通知不只是指示器26进行显示,还可以以声音的方式进行。
并且,车辆控制器23根据读出的履历判断上次车辆1起动时是否有燃料电池系统13的氢泄漏(步骤S3)。当没有氢泄漏时(步骤S3中的“否”),车辆控制器23判断是否能由氢泄漏传感器16检测到燃料电池系统13的氢泄漏(步骤S4)。当不能检测到氢泄漏时(步骤S4中的“否”),车辆控制器23起动车辆1的整个系统,使车辆1处于能行驶的状态(步骤S5)。即,能用燃料电池系统13、高电压电池14供给的电力驱动电动机11。
根据上述履历在上次车辆1起动时有燃料电池系统13的氢泄漏时(步骤S3中的“是”),或者,在使点火开关42接通后能检测到氢泄漏时(步骤S4中的“是”),车辆控制器23使指示器26显示氢泄漏的警报(步骤S6)。另外,在该情况下,不能起动车辆1的系统(步骤S6)。即,车辆控制器23不能从燃料电池系统13、高电压电池14向电动机11供给电力,从而不能使车辆1行驶。并且,之后使点火开关42断开时(步骤S7中的“是”),车辆控制器23将检测到燃料电池系统13的氢泄漏这一异常的发生作为履历存储在车辆控制器23的非易失性存储器中,并通过断开向开关元件41发送的控制信号而断开自保持继电器35(步骤S16),车辆控制器23本身也断开。
在起动车辆1的整个系统,使车辆1处于能行驶的状态(步骤S5)后,由氢泄漏传感器16检测到氢泄漏时(步骤S8中的“是”),车辆控制器23使指示器26显示氢泄漏的警报(步骤S9)。另外,在该情况下,车辆控制器23断开车辆1的行驶系统而使车辆1处于不能行驶的状态(步骤S9)。即,车辆控制器23使电动机11停止,停止从燃料电池系统13、高电压电池14向电动机11的电力供给。并且,之后断开点火开关42时(步骤S10中的“是”),车辆控制器23将检测到燃料电池系统13的氢泄漏这一异常的发生作为履历存储在车辆控制器23的非易失性存储器中,并通过断开向开关元件41发送的控制信号而断开自保持继电器35(步骤S16),车辆控制器23本身也断开。
在氢泄漏传感器16没有检测到氢泄漏时(步骤S8中的“否”),之后如果使点火开关42断开(步骤S11中的“是”),则车辆控制器23断开车辆1的行驶系统而使车辆1处于不能行驶的状态(步骤S12)。即,车辆控制器23使电动机11停止,停止从燃料电池系统13、高电压电池14向电动机11的电力供给。但是,在该情况下,持续从车辆控制器23向开关元件41发送控制信号而维持接通自保持继电器35的状态,从而保持车辆控制器23的电源(步骤S12)。由此,持续保持由氢泄漏传感器16进行的燃料电池系统13的氢泄漏的检测状态(步骤S12)。
在该状态下,在检测到燃料电池系统13的氢泄漏的情况下(步骤S13中的“是”),车辆控制器23使车外蜂鸣器28鸣叫,通知燃料电池车辆1周围的人(步骤S14)。之后,在变得检测不到燃料电池系统13的氢泄漏而该氢泄漏结束的情况下(步骤S15中的“是”),车辆控制器23将检测到燃料电池系统13的氢泄漏这一异常的发生作为履历存储在车辆控制器23的非易失性存储器中,并通过断开向开关元件41发送的控制信号而断开自保持继电器35(步骤S16),车辆控制器23本身也断开。
在继续检测到氢泄漏而该氢泄漏没有结束的情况下(步骤S15中的“否”),车辆控制器23判断由电压传感器25检测的12V电池21的电压是否低于预先设定的下限值(步骤S17)。当12V电池21的电压低于预先设定的下限值时(步骤S17中的“是”),车辆控制器23将检测到燃料电池系统13的氢泄漏这一异常的发生作为履历存储在车辆控制器23自身的非易失性存储器中,并通过断开向开关元件41发送的控制信号而断开自保持继电器35(步骤S16),车辆控制器23本身也断开。
另一方面,在步骤S13中没有检测到燃料电池系统13的氢泄漏的情况下(步骤S13中的“否”),车辆控制器23判断从步骤S12中断开行驶系统起是否经过了预定的固定时间(步骤S18)。当经过了该固定时间时(步骤S18中的“是”),车辆控制器23将没有检测到燃料电池系统13的氢泄漏的情况作为履历存储在车辆控制器23自身的非易失性存储器中,并通过断开向开关元件41发送的控制信号而断开自保持继电器35(步骤S16),车辆控制器23本身也断开。另一方面,当没有经过固定时间时(步骤S18中的“否”),车辆控制器23继续在步骤S13中检测燃料电池系统13的氢泄漏(步骤S19中的“否”),直到12V的直流电源27的电压低于预定的下限值为止(步骤S19中的“是”)。该固定时间是氢泄漏检测所需要的时间,通过进行实验而算出。
根据以上说明的燃料电池车辆1,即使断开点火开关42(步骤S11中的“是”),车辆控制器23也维持车辆控制器23的电源(步骤S12),另一方面,在没有检测到燃料电池系统13的氢泄漏(步骤S13中的“否”),行驶系统断开后经过了固定时间时(步骤S18中的“是”),车辆控制器23切断车辆控制器23的电源(步骤S16)。因此,即使在行驶停止后也能检测在燃料电池车辆1的行驶中从燃料电池系统13产生的氢,并且能降低产生控制用的直流电源27的12V电池21的电力消耗量。
另外,车辆控制器23在检测到氢泄漏时(步骤S13中的“是”),只要氢泄漏没有结束,原则上就将氢泄漏的发生的警报通知给燃料电池车辆1周围的人(步骤S14、15中的“否”),因此搭乘者等能知道氢正在从燃料电池系统13泄漏,能适当地应对。
而且,即使在该警报中(步骤S14、S15中的“否”),当12V电池21的电压低于预先设定的下限值时(步骤S17中的“是”),车辆控制器23也断开向车辆控制器23供给的电力本身,因此能防止12V电池21的过放电。
此外,车辆控制器23将氢泄漏的事实作为履历存储起来(步骤S16),使指示器26将其作为警报进行显示(步骤S2),由此能在下次接通点火开关42时通知并提醒乘员氢泄漏的事实。
另外,即使车辆1行驶中产生的来自燃料电池系统13的氢泄漏暂时结束,如果开始车辆1的行驶,再次发生氢泄漏的可能性较高。因此,如果在上次起动车辆1后的点火开关42的断开中有氢泄漏的事实(步骤S3中的“是”),则车辆控制器23使车辆不能行驶(步骤S6),能防止再次发生氢泄漏。
此外,在上述实施方式中,车辆控制器23按固定时间驱动自保持继电器35(步骤S18),但是也可以设置电容器,用12V电池21等对该电容器充电,将其作为点火开关42断开后的车辆控制器23的电源。这是因为当点火开关42断开后该电容器耗尽时,车辆控制器23断开,不会使12V电池21进一步消耗。另外,由于车辆1的规格上的理由等,不能确保氢泄漏检测所需要的12V电池21的容量的情况下,能使用从高电压电池14降压的12V电源进行同等的控制。而且,即使在不具有12V电池21的车辆的情况下,能使用从高电压电池14降压的12V进行同等的控制。
附图标记说明
11电动机
12驱动轮
13燃料电池系统
14高电压电池
16氢泄漏传感器
2112V电池
23车辆控制器
25电压传感器
26指示器
35自保持继电器
27直流电源
41开关元件
42点火开关

Claims (3)

1.一种燃料电池车辆,具备:驱动轮;电动机,其驱动上述驱动轮;燃料电池系统,其产生电力并向上述电动机供给该电力;电池,其储存由上述燃料电池系统产生的电力以向上述电动机供给该电力,上述燃料电池车辆的特征在于,具备:
氢泄漏传感器,其检测上述燃料电池系统有无氢泄漏;
第1控制部,其控制上述燃料电池系统和上述电池,并且,通过上述氢泄漏传感器判断有无上述氢泄漏;
蓄电部,其储存电力用于供给上述氢泄漏传感器和上述第1控制部;以及
第2控制部,其在点火开关断开并且在上述氢泄漏传感器没有检测到上述氢泄漏的情况下,在预定的固定时间的期间维持上述蓄电部向上述氢泄漏传感器和上述第1控制部的电力供给,之后停止该电力供给,
上述燃料电池车辆还具备:
第1通知部,其在点火开关断开后,上述氢泄漏传感器在持续检测到上述燃料电池系统有氢泄漏的期间,通知该泄漏的事实;以及
蓄电量检测传感器,其检测上述蓄电部的蓄电量,
在上述蓄电量检测传感器检测的蓄电量低于预定的固定值时,即使在上述预定的固定时间的期间或者在上述第1通知部通知的过程中,上述第2控制部也停止向上述氢泄漏传感器和上述第1控制部进行电力供给。
2.根据权利要求1所述的燃料电池车辆,其特征在于,还具备:
履历存储部,其在点火开关断开后上述氢泄漏传感器检测到上述燃料电池系统有氢泄漏的情况下,将该氢泄漏的事实作为履历进行存储;以及
第2通知部,其在点火开关接通时并且上述履历存储部中存储有上述氢泄漏事实的履历的情况下,通知该事实。
3.根据权利要求1所述的燃料电池车辆,还具备:
履历存储部,其在点火开关断开后上述氢泄漏传感器检测到上述燃料电池系统有氢泄漏的情况下,将该氢泄漏的事实作为履历进行存储;
第2通知部,其在点火开关接通时并且在上述履历存储部中存储有上述氢泄漏的事实的履历的情况下,通知该事实;以及
行驶禁止部,其在点火开关接通时并且在上述履历存储部中存储有上述氢泄漏的事实的履历的情况下,禁止车辆行驶。
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