CN1040537A - 用于螺旋切割平叠的、柔性的、聚合材料的管状薄膜的方法及装置 - Google Patents

用于螺旋切割平叠的、柔性的、聚合材料的管状薄膜的方法及装置 Download PDF

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CN1040537A
CN1040537A CN89106412A CN89106412A CN1040537A CN 1040537 A CN1040537 A CN 1040537A CN 89106412 A CN89106412 A CN 89106412A CN 89106412 A CN89106412 A CN 89106412A CN 1040537 A CN1040537 A CN 1040537A
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奥尔·比得特·里斯姆申
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
    • B29D7/00—Producing flat articles, e.g. films or sheets
    • B29D7/01—Films or sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
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    • B26D3/16—Cutting rods or tubes transversely
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
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Abstract

聚合材料的柔性管状薄膜在一个内部管状的芯轴上被螺旋切割，该芯轴的直径小于但接近于管状薄膜的直径，同时，空气经过芯轴连续地供入管状薄膜，并以所产生的内部过压使管状薄膜充胀和增强。管状薄膜或者在以一个固定的刀子切割前以螺旋运动向前转递，或者直接向前而刀子旋转。

Description

螺旋切割柔性的、聚合材料的管状薄膜在英国专利GB816，607及与其相应的专利中已经公开。该专利的目的是制造呈现斜交取向的大分子的带材。该方法本身主要用于制造各层为单轴取向的高强度交叉叠层材料。为了达到所需要的性能，管状薄膜在螺旋切割前在其原来的纵向被强烈地取向。这一般在芯轴上实现。
或者使管状薄膜在用一固定刀子切割前以螺旋运动前进;或者使管状薄膜直线前进而刀子旋转;从而意味着，供卷绕已被螺旋切割的薄膜的卷绕装置必须同刀子一起作行星式运转。
螺旋切割柔性的管状薄膜在英国专利GB1，526，722中也已运用。其中，要螺旋切割的管状薄膜通常有单轴的“聚合物晶粒”。这是在挤压成型时形成的。在螺旋切割前，在聚合材料的熔融温度范围以下没有对其进行任何处理。另一个目的是制造高强度的交叉叠层材料。但是在这种情况下，这些层是在叠层中或叠层后用延伸的方法使其双轴取向的。横向和纵向的延伸处理是相互独立的阶段，而每一个阶段都是单轴取向的。
虽然上述专利没有公开使不同的运动同步的任何装置，这些运动确定了螺旋切割，即柔性的管状薄膜的前进运动和螺旋切割后的薄膜的卷绕装置及刀子的旋转运动;但一个人的技艺可以利用加工柔性的聚合薄膜的控制装置的构造以传统的方法实现这种同步。然而，由于将已切割的薄膜曳出的方向同原来前进的方向有一角度，从而在管状薄膜中产生扭力，进而使得用这样的传统方法要达到力的正确平衡极为复杂。
本发明的目的在于提供一种改进的螺旋切割方法。用这种方法，对复杂的同步系统的需要得到满足，从而方法的可靠性得到改善。
用于螺旋切割柔性的，聚合材料的管状薄膜的本发明的方法，所用的材料在切割前是平叠形状，其特征在于：切割是在直径一般小于而且接近于管状薄膜直径的管状芯轴上进行，空气经芯轴源源不断地通入管状薄膜，以所产生的内部过压来使管状薄膜充胀并增强。
增强是气体充胀和产生过压的结果，这使管状薄膜可以承受大的扭矩。这样，可以使用比较大的力将已被螺旋切割的薄膜从芯轴上曳出并将该薄膜重绕。
尽管切割宽度在约20cm以下的平叠的管材的方法未见到任何实际的运用，然而，本发明的方法仍试图就宽度达到200cm的管状薄膜实现大批量生产，看看实施例便可以预料，更宽的管状薄膜基本上也能加工。
所使用的最佳过压和气流量视具体情况而定。因此，薄材料、高度的单轴取向和高劲度都是影响因素。这些因素使其易于撕裂而倾向于要求低的过压。然而，使该压力达到足以允许在从芯轴上曳出的薄膜中每米宽度至少200克的张力是合理的。当薄膜的耐撕裂强度允许时，该张力最好应为每米至少2公斤。
如果过压相对于倾斜的拉力太低，管状薄膜将不能保持充胀形状，从而变得扭曲并有碍加工。
切割角在20°以下一般是不可取的。达70°的切割角可以得到良好的精度。可以相信，该角可达到近乎90°。
本发明的一个实施例的特征是：芯轴的直径是可变的。例如，它可以用排成一圈的若干肋骨支撑的环形橡胶板制成。这些肋骨又用可伸缩的装置支撑（如同伞中的伞骨那样）。这样，同样一个芯轴可用于不同宽度的平叠的管状薄膜。
尤其是对于脆性薄膜（薄的、硬的和/或高取向的），减小过压和气流量是重要的;直径可变的芯轴其优点是可以利用在管状薄膜中的气流量和过压的自动记录来反馈控制。
在本发明的另一实施例中，芯轴的表面加工成波纹状，以减小薄膜和芯轴之间的摩擦。波纹通常由纵向凸棱构成。该波纹结构确保气流布满芯轴的四周，从而确保充分的“气体润滑”。
正如根据前面的介绍已经表明的那样，本发明的最终目的通常是制造高强度的交叉叠层材料。为此目的，两张或若干张已被螺旋切割的薄膜依次相互叠合，使管状薄膜原有的纵向彼此交叉。
考虑到这个最终目的，所使用的管状薄膜材料一般最好具有单轴的熔融取向;或者，与本发明的方法相配合，所使用的管状薄膜材料在聚合材料的熔融温度范围以下具有纵向取向。
下面，参照附图（为一俯视图）对本发明予以详细说明。图中，（1）为拆卷装置。该装置在其端部具有轴（2）并绕该轴的轴线旋转。轴（2）经重型滚柱轴承（4）用固定在地面上的立柱（3）支承。
为简化起见，该拆卷装置（1）表示为由一端板（5）和两侧板（6）所构成的外壳。附图表示的是，当这些侧板处于水平位置的那一回转瞬间，而只有用虚线表示的上面那一块侧板可以看到。实际上，主要由型钢构成的框架结构会轻得多，因而更适用。
支承立柱（3）上固定着一个同另一齿轮（8）相啮合的固定齿轮（7）。齿轮（8）装在端板（5）上，从而实现了行星运动。齿轮（8）用来驱动位于旋转的拆卷装置（1）中的各种辊子和轮子。但是，为简化起见，这些运动的传动未予表示。
要拆卷的平叠的管状薄膜（10）的卷轴（9）通过轴承装在侧板（6）上并装有一制动器（轴承和制动器均未表示）。平叠的管状薄膜（10）用一组以齿轴（8）驱动的咬入辊（11）拆开。在齿轮（8）和咬入辊（11）之间的传动决定了切割角。齿轮传动的速比作成可变的，例如可以更换齿轮。
为使管状薄膜（10）充胀并增强的空气流用风机（13）（离心式风机适用）通过园柱形切割芯轴（14）的内部送入。芯轴（14）安装在立柱（15）上，而主柱（15）又固定在地面上。而且芯轴（14）尽可能紧靠管状薄膜（10）安装。该管状薄膜（10）将从芯轴（14）上曳出。喷入的空气将通过芯轴与薄膜之间的窄缝逸出并对其产生某些润滑作用，当芯轴加工成波纹状时尤其如此。芯轴（14）的顶部（16）倒棱以防止薄膜撕裂。
为了使充胀的管状薄膜实现平稳的螺旋式运动，设置有效的传动支承是极为有利的，对于宽的平叠薄膜更是必须的。图中示出两组传动带（17），它承受由空气压力所产生的力的反向分力并确保该薄膜平稳地由平叠形状转变成园柱形。皮带传动速度通常与薄膜速度相同或者比薄膜速度更高。也可以用一付单独的皮带或者两组较小直径的辊子来代替这两组皮带。这些辊子中仅最后那个辊子被驱动。对于比较窄的平叠薄膜，一对大直径的鼓状传动辊子足以用作支承。
管状薄膜用装在支架（18）上的简单刀子或者刀片切割。刀子一般可以固定在芯轴上且其角度可以调整。为了更好地理解附图，应当说明，离开刀子的切边（19）（它变成成品薄膜的右切边）开始向下运动并到达切割芯轴的下方。
已切割的薄膜由示意图表示的从动卷绕装置（20）卷绕并张引。切割角，如上所述，由拆卷装置（1）和咬入辊（11）之间的转速比确定，而刀子或刀片的方向以及由卷绕装置（20）所施加的张引力的方向也必须调整得使其大致同由转速比决定的切割角相适应。
（21）为一浮动辊，（22）为用来控制卷绕装置（20）的速度的两个辅助导辊，从而形成适当的张力。
显然，令人惊奇的是，由于借助于管状薄膜中的过压使管状薄膜增强，从而可使用高的张力（脆性薄膜除外）。这样，当切割1米宽的厚度约为100μ的平叠的管状薄膜时，薄膜上的张力一般可使用最终宽度每米5～20公斤，而且是有利的。
应当知道，供拆卷装置旋转用的支承，即用立柱（3）经轴承（4）支承的轴（2），仅仅是支承系统的一例。为了承载更重的载荷，该支承通常可增加一个或几个大钢环，或者完全用这些钢环来代替，这些钢环环绕旋转的拆卷装置并成为该装置的组成部分。这些钢环位于若干支承辊或支承轮上并在其上滚动。或者相反，固定在地面上的支承可作成一个或多个钢环的一部分，一或几环列辊子或轮子位于这些钢环上并在其上滚动，而这些辊子或轮子环绕旋转的拆卷装置并安装在其上。
该装置的另一变型是，齿轮（7）不是固定在立柱（3）上而是可以转动的，它用一台单独的电机驱动，该电机相对于供整个拆卷装置旋转的电机用电子装置进行调节，从而为切割角的调整提供了方便。
虽然附图表示的拆卷装置是旋转的而刀子以及重卷装置是固定的，但也可以相反，即拆卷装置是固定的，而刀子连同重卷装置却绕已充胀的管状薄膜的轴线旋转。然而，后面所述的这种系统仅适用于比较窄的薄膜。
实施例
以约30°角螺旋切割取自-200公斤卷轴的厚度为100μ的，平叠宽度为2080mm的、低密度聚乙稀的管状薄膜。
所使用的装置大体上如附图所示。然而，此处所示的拆卷装置的外壳以重量更轻的框架结构所代替。支承该装置的主轴承是环绕该装置并成为该框架组成部分的大钢环，该大钢环被套在一环列辊子之中。
切割角的控制如对附图的说明的末尾所述采用电子控制。管状薄膜的直径为1324mm（与其相应的平叠宽度为2080mm），芯轴的外径（包括在其表面上的一圈浅的凸棱）为1300mm，也就是说，管状薄膜和芯轴的半径之差为12mm。该薄膜的最后宽度为3600mm，卷绕速度是每分钟60米。
空气流以最大风量为每小时2000米3的离心式风机供给，而以工作在其最大风量的约一半时，即每小时1000米3为宜。根据有关风机的数据，这相当于600mm水柱的过压。（由于压力并不直接取决于气流量，作为粗略地表示，这仍是可靠的）。
本装置工作可靠，螺旋切割是笔直的。

Claims (12)

1、一种螺旋切割柔性的，聚合材料的管状薄膜的方法，所用的材料在切割前是平叠形状，其特征在于，切割的条件是：管状芯轴的直径通常小于并接近于管状薄膜的直径；同时，空气经芯轴源源不断地通入管状薄膜，以所产生的内部过压使其充胀并增强。
2、根据权利要求1的方法，其特征在于，所述的过压足以允许在芯轴上曳出的已被螺旋切割的薄膜中每米宽度至少0.2公斤的张力。
3、根据权利要求1或2的方法，其特征在于，芯轴的直径是可调的。
4、根据权利要求3的方法，其特征在于，该直径是由空气流量或过压的自动记录反馈控制的。
5、根据前面任何一项权利要求的方法，其特征在于，管状薄膜的充胀通过传动支承装置控制使其逐渐发生。
6、根据权利要求5的方法，其特征在于，该支承装置由皮带组成。
7、根据上面任何一项权利要求的方法，其特征在于，为了减小薄膜与芯轴间的摩擦，芯轴加工成波纹状。
8、根据权利要求8的方法，其特征在于，该波纹一般为纵向凸棱。
9、根据前面任何一项权利要求的方法，其特征在于，进行加工的管状薄膜通常具有单轴的纵向熔融取向。
10、根据前面任何一项权利要求的方法，其特征在于，所使用的管状薄膜在聚合材料熔融温度范围以下实现纵向取向。
11、根据前面任何一项权利要求的方法，其特征在于，两张或若干张已被螺旋切割的管状薄膜依次相互叠合，管状薄膜原有的纵向方向相互交叉。
12、适用于实施根据上述任何一项权利要求的方法的任何装置。
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