CN104011089A - α-烯烃的制造方法 - Google Patents
α-烯烃的制造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN104011089A CN104011089A CN201280064843.7A CN201280064843A CN104011089A CN 104011089 A CN104011089 A CN 104011089A CN 201280064843 A CN201280064843 A CN 201280064843A CN 104011089 A CN104011089 A CN 104011089A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- olefin
- alpha
- carbonatoms
- base
- replacement
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 36
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 22
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002148 esters Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002879 Lewis base Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000007527 lewis bases Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-octene Chemical compound CCCCCCC=C KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 29
- LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexene Chemical compound CCCCC=C LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 20
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Octanol Natural products CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 14
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- HFDVRLIODXPAHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-tetradecene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC=C HFDVRLIODXPAHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 10
- XQJHRCVXRAJIDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N aminophosphine Chemical compound PN XQJHRCVXRAJIDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 150000001845 chromium compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003426 co-catalyst Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 76
- -1 3,5-dimethylphenyl Chemical group 0.000 description 63
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 30
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphine Chemical compound P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 25
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 17
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 229910000073 phosphorus hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 12
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 11
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- 150000002899 organoaluminium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 229940126062 Compound A Drugs 0.000 description 8
- NLDMNSXOCDLTTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Heterophylliin A Natural products O1C2COC(=O)C3=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C3C3=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=C3C(=O)OC2C(OC(=O)C=2C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=2)C(O)C1OC(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 NLDMNSXOCDLTTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 150000003003 phosphines Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 125000001181 organosilyl group Chemical group [SiH3]* 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- LIWAQLJGPBVORC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylmethylamine Chemical group CCNC LIWAQLJGPBVORC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 5
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- CPOFMOWDMVWCLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl(oxo)alumane Chemical compound C[Al]=O CPOFMOWDMVWCLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 5
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000002877 alkyl aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- IYYZUPMFVPLQIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibenzothiophene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 IYYZUPMFVPLQIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229940095068 tetradecene Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 125000000026 trimethylsilyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])[Si]([*])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- RSJKGSCJYJTIGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N undecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC RSJKGSCJYJTIGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000005595 acetylacetonate group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000004104 aryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 150000001639 boron compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 3
- BFGKITSFLPAWGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(3+) Chemical compound [Cr+3] BFGKITSFLPAWGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PSVJDFLPZZXFDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexen-1-amine Chemical group NC1=CCCCC1 PSVJDFLPZZXFDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- JQVDAXLFBXTEQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutylamine Chemical group CCCCNCCCC JQVDAXLFBXTEQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LTYMSROWYAPPGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl sulfide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1SC1=CC=CC=C1 LTYMSROWYAPPGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920000092 linear low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004707 linear low-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000000538 pentafluorophenyl group Chemical group FC1=C(F)C(F)=C(*)C(F)=C1F 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000002769 thiazolinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- VOITXYVAKOUIBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylaluminium Chemical compound CC[Al](CC)CC VOITXYVAKOUIBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- SZNYYWIUQFZLLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-1-(2-methylpropoxy)propane Chemical compound CC(C)COCC(C)C SZNYYWIUQFZLLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical group C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021556 Chromium(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XBPCUCUWBYBCDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dicyclohexylamine Chemical group C1CCCCC1NC1CCCCC1 XBPCUCUWBYBCDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylamine Chemical compound CNC ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QUSNBJAOOMFDIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylamine Chemical compound CCN QUSNBJAOOMFDIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylamine Chemical compound NC BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BHHGXPLMPWCGHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenethylamine Chemical group NCCC1=CC=CC=C1 BHHGXPLMPWCGHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000003973 alkyl amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FTOVXSOBNPWTSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzo[b]fluoranthene Chemical compound C12=CC=CC=C1C1=CC3=CC=CC=C3C3=C1C2=CC=C3 FTOVXSOBNPWTSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004618 benzofuryl group Chemical group O1C(=CC2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 description 2
- 125000004196 benzothienyl group Chemical group S1C(=CC2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 description 2
- HQABUPZFAYXKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCN HQABUPZFAYXKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960000359 chromic chloride Drugs 0.000 description 2
- QSWDMMVNRMROPK-UHFFFAOYSA-K chromium(3+) trichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cr+3] QSWDMMVNRMROPK-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- XBWRJSSJWDOUSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L chromium(ii) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Cr]Cl XBWRJSSJWDOUSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 125000000596 cyclohexenyl group Chemical group C1(=CCCCC1)* 0.000 description 2
- PAFZNILMFXTMIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexylamine Chemical compound NC1CCCCC1 PAFZNILMFXTMIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001511 cyclopentyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- TXCDCPKCNAJMEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibenzofuran Chemical group C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3OC2=C1 TXCDCPKCNAJMEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UZBQIPPOMKBLAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylazanide Chemical compound CC[N-]CC UZBQIPPOMKBLAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WEHWNAOGRSTTBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropylamine Chemical group CCCNCCC WEHWNAOGRSTTBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FJKIXWOMBXYWOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenoxyethane Chemical compound CCOC=C FJKIXWOMBXYWOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- UAIZDWNSWGTKFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L ethylaluminum(2+);dichloride Chemical compound CC[Al](Cl)Cl UAIZDWNSWGTKFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- AEHWKBXBXYNPCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylsulfanylbenzene Chemical compound CCSC1=CC=CC=C1 AEHWKBXBXYNPCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GVEPBJHOBDJJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoranthene Chemical compound C1=CC(C2=CC=CC=C22)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 GVEPBJHOBDJJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002541 furyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- PYGSKMBEVAICCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexa-1,5-diene Chemical group C=CCCC=C PYGSKMBEVAICCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CHXARDKIHSVFDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexylphosphane Chemical compound CCCCCCP CHXARDKIHSVFDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000005561 phenanthryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
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- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- APSBXTVYXVQYAB-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium docusate Chemical group [Na+].CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)CC(S([O-])(=O)=O)C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC APSBXTVYXVQYAB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
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- UTAHFAJHGGPJEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-phenylphenyl)phosphane Chemical compound PC1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 UTAHFAJHGGPJEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- DZRLNYVDCIYXPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-naphthalen-2-yloxynaphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC(OC=3C=C4C=CC=CC4=CC=3)=CC=C21 DZRLNYVDCIYXPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001622 2-naphthyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C2C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C([H])C2=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- QGFFCYYGWIXRCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenylethylphosphane Chemical compound PCCC1=CC=CC=C1 QGFFCYYGWIXRCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000004860 4-ethylphenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(=C([H])C([H])=C1*)C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- QJMYXHKGEGNLED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-(2-hydroxyethylamino)-1h-pyrimidine-2,4-dione Chemical compound OCCNC1=CNC(=O)NC1=O QJMYXHKGEGNLED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- RQBJDYBQTYEVEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzylphosphane Chemical compound PCC1=CC=CC=C1 RQBJDYBQTYEVEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000006267 biphenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- AZWXAPCAJCYGIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-methylpropyl)alumane Chemical compound CC(C)C[AlH]CC(C)C AZWXAPCAJCYGIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000001246 bromo group Chemical group Br* 0.000 description 1
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- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 1
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- 125000001038 naphthoyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C12)C(=O)* 0.000 description 1
- YCWSUKQGVSGXJO-NTUHNPAUSA-N nifuroxazide Chemical group C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C(=O)N\N=C\C1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)O1 YCWSUKQGVSGXJO-NTUHNPAUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 1
- QWVGKYWNOKOFNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N o-cresol Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1O QWVGKYWNOKOFNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002811 oleoyl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])/C([H])=C([H])\C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001715 oxadiazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 125000003452 oxalyl group Chemical group *C(=O)C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 125000002971 oxazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- AHHWIHXENZJRFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxetane Chemical compound C1COC1 AHHWIHXENZJRFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CFHIDWOYWUOIHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxomethyl Chemical compound O=[CH] CFHIDWOYWUOIHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001312 palmitoyl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- TZMFJUDUGYTVRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentane-2,3-dione Chemical class CCC(=O)C(C)=O TZMFJUDUGYTVRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentanoic acid group Chemical group C(CCCC)(=O)O NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004934 phenanthridinyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC2=NC=C3C=CC=CC3=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- DLRJIFUOBPOJNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenetole Chemical compound CCOC1=CC=CC=C1 DLRJIFUOBPOJNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001484 phenothiazinyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2SC3=CC=CC=C3NC12)* 0.000 description 1
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- VGARCGGLEUCMSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyl(propyl)phosphane Chemical compound CCCPC1=CC=CC=C1 VGARCGGLEUCMSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- AMLFJZRZIOZGPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-1-en-1-amine Chemical compound CC=CN AMLFJZRZIOZGPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000004368 propenyl group Chemical group C(=CC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001501 propionyl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- NWYDLOBJQIJDGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylsulfanylbenzene Chemical compound CCCSC1=CC=CC=C1 NWYDLOBJQIJDGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LVTJOONKWUXEFR-FZRMHRINSA-N protoneodioscin Natural products O(C[C@@H](CC[C@]1(O)[C@H](C)[C@@H]2[C@]3(C)[C@H]([C@H]4[C@@H]([C@]5(C)C(=CC4)C[C@@H](O[C@@H]4[C@H](O[C@H]6[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](C)O6)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]6[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](C)O6)[C@H](CO)O4)CC5)CC3)C[C@@H]2O1)C)[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 LVTJOONKWUXEFR-FZRMHRINSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000002098 pyridazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000714 pyrimidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002294 quinazolinyl group Chemical group N1=C(N=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000005493 quinolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001567 quinoxalinyl group Chemical group N1=C(C=NC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
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- TUQOTMZNTHZOKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributylphosphine Chemical compound CCCCP(CCCC)CCCC TUQOTMZNTHZOKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WLPUWLXVBWGYMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tricyclohexylphosphine Chemical compound C1CCCCC1P(C1CCCCC1)C1CCCCC1 WLPUWLXVBWGYMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RXJKFRMDXUJTEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylphosphine Chemical compound CCP(CC)CC RXJKFRMDXUJTEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MCULRUJILOGHCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triisobutylaluminium Chemical compound CC(C)C[Al](CC(C)C)CC(C)C MCULRUJILOGHCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHAFDJWJDDPMDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl(phenyl)phosphanium Chemical compound C[P+](C)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 WHAFDJWJDDPMDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JLTRXTDYQLMHGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylaluminium Chemical compound C[Al](C)C JLTRXTDYQLMHGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RMZAYIKUYWXQPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N trioctylphosphane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCP(CCCCCCCC)CCCCCCCC RMZAYIKUYWXQPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KCTAHLRCZMOTKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N tripropylphosphane Chemical compound CCCP(CCC)CCC KCTAHLRCZMOTKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JODJRDDQVZMRIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N trityloxyboronic acid Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)(OB(O)O)C1=CC=CC=C1 JODJRDDQVZMRIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003774 valeryl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms
- C07C2/02—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by addition between unsaturated hydrocarbons
- C07C2/04—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by addition between unsaturated hydrocarbons by oligomerisation of well-defined unsaturated hydrocarbons without ring formation
- C07C2/06—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by addition between unsaturated hydrocarbons by oligomerisation of well-defined unsaturated hydrocarbons without ring formation of alkenes, i.e. acyclic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
- C07C2/08—Catalytic processes
- C07C2/26—Catalytic processes with hydrides or organic compounds
- C07C2/32—Catalytic processes with hydrides or organic compounds as complexes, e.g. acetyl-acetonates
- C07C2/34—Metal-hydrocarbon complexes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms
- C07C2/02—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by addition between unsaturated hydrocarbons
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Abstract
通过特征在于使用(A)特定的铬化合物、(B)特定的氨基膦配体化合物以及(C)助催化剂聚合乙烯的α-烯烃的制造方法,提供不遵循舒尔茨弗洛里分布、碳原子数6~14的从1-己烯到1-十四碳烯为止的α-烯烃的收率、特别是1-辛烯的收率优异的α-烯烃的制造方法。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及作为聚乙烯的共聚单体、合成润滑油、表面活性剂等的原料而在工业上被广泛利用的α-烯烃的制造方法。
背景技术
近年来,α-烯烃、特别是1-己烯、1-辛烯等作为线性低密度聚乙烯(L-LDPE)的共聚单体,另外,包括它们在内的到碳原子数14的1-十四碳烯为止的α-烯烃被广泛地用于合成润滑油用途、表面活性剂的原料等。通常,这些α-烯烃通过由乙烯进行聚合来获得,但所得的α-烯烃的聚合度分布遵循舒尔茨弗洛里分布,在通常的分布中二聚体最多,与四聚体相比三聚体较多,满足n聚体比n+1聚体多的关系。
现在,在工业上制造的大量的方法中,能够获得这样的遵循舒尔茨弗洛里分布的α-烯烃。例如也已知有使用三乙基铝催化剂的方法,α-烯烃在遵循舒尔茨弗洛里分布的基础上,还已知有需要在高温高压条件下使用的问题。然而,α-烯烃根据碳原子数其用量、价格不同,另外,由于需求变动激烈,在制造遵循舒尔茨弗洛里分布的α-烯烃的以往方法中,存在特别是1-辛烯以上的α-烯烃的收率低的问题。作为其对策,通过使用三乙基铝催化剂进行两段聚合,有α-烯烃遵循泊松分布、1-辛烯以上的制品能够大量获得的优点,但也有如下缺点:在高温高压下反应、并且需要较多地(计量性地)使用催化剂,必须回收催化剂且装置复杂、α-烯烃纯度低等。例如,专利文献1~4中公开了使用铬化合物制造1-己烯、1-辛烯的方法。然而,由此得到的α-烯烃是1-己烯为主成分、且1-辛烯低的物质。另一方面,专利文献5中公开了以氨基膦为配体的过渡金属化合物,其以制造聚合物为目的。
基于以上这样的背景,希望开发使碳原子数6~14的从1-己烯到1-十四碳烯为止的α-烯烃的收率、特别是1-辛烯的收率提高的催化剂系。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1 : 日本特开平6-329562号公报
专利文献2 : 日本特开平7-215896号公报
专利文献3 : 日本特开平8-183746号公报
专利文献4 : 日本特表2002―532249号公报
专利文献5 : 日本特开2003-261588号公报。
发明内容
发明要解决的问题
本发明是鉴于上述情况而进行的,其目的在于,提供不遵循舒尔茨弗洛里分布、碳原子数6~14的从1-己烯到1-十四碳烯为止的α-烯烃的收率、特别是1-辛烯的收率优异的α-烯烃的制造方法。
解决问题的技术手段
本发明人经过深入研究,结果发现了能够解决上述课题的制造条件,从而完成了本发明。
即本发明涉及以下α-烯烃的制造方法。
1. α-烯烃的制造方法,其特征在于,使用(A)铬化合物、(B)下述通式(1)所示的配体化合物、以及(C)助催化剂聚合乙烯,
[化1]
(式中,L1~L3各自独立地为取代或未取代的碳原子数5~30的脂环式烃基、取代或未取代的成环碳原子数6~30的芳香族烃基、或取代或未取代的成环原子数5~30的芳香族杂环基。)
2. 根据上述1所述的α-烯烃的制造方法,其具有使前述(A)铬化合物与(B)配体化合物接触的工序和使该反应产物与前述(C)助催化剂进行反应的工序。
3. 根据上述1或2所述的α-烯烃的制造方法,其中,前述(A)铬化合物为下述通式(2)所示,
CrXnDm ・・・(2)
(式中,X表示σ键性的配体,X为多个的情况下,多个X可以相同或不同,D表示路易斯碱,D为多个的情况下,多个D可以相同或不同,n为2~3的整数,表示Cr的化合价,m表示0~6的整数。)
4. 根据上述1~3中任一项所述的α-烯烃的制造方法,其中,前述通式(1)中的L1~L3各自独立地为取代或未取代的苯基、或取代或未取代的环己基,且该取代基为碳原子数1~4的烷基、碳原子数1~4的烷氧基、或成环碳原子数5~6的环烷基,以及
5. 根据上述1~4中任一项所述的α-烯烃的制造方法,其中,前述(C)助催化剂为铝氧烷。
发明效果
根据本发明,提供不遵循舒尔茨弗洛里分布、碳原子数6~14的从1-己烯到1-十四碳烯为止的α-烯烃的收率、特别1-辛烯的收率优异的α-烯烃的制造方法。
具体实施方式
本发明的α-烯烃的制造方法的特征在于,使用(A)铬化合物、(B)下述通式(1)所示的配体化合物、以及(C)助催化剂聚合乙烯。
[化2]
(式中,L1~L3各自独立地为取代或未取代的碳原子数5~30的脂环式烃基、取代或未取代的成环碳原子数6~30的芳香族烃基、或取代或未取代的成环原子数5~30的芳香族杂环基。)。
需要说明的是,本说明书中,“取代或未取代的碳原子数a~b的X基”这一表述中的“碳原子数a~b”表示X基为无取代的情况下的碳原子数,不包含X基被取代的情况下的取代基的碳原子数。
〔(A)铬化合物〕
本发明中使用的(A)铬化合物只要其铬原子能够与后述的(B)配体化合物形成络合物就没有特别限定,优选使用下述通式(2)所示的铬化合物。
CrXnDm ・・・(2)
(式中,X表示σ键性的配体,X为多个的情况下,多个X可以相同或不同,D表示路易斯碱,D为多个的情况下,多个D可以相同或不同,n为2~3的整数,表示Cr的化合价,m表示0~6,优选表示0~3的整数。)。
X表示σ键性的配体,X为多个的情况下,多个X可以相同或不同,可以与其他X或D交联。作为该σ键性的配体的具体例,可以列举出卤素原子,碳原子数1~20的烃基,碳原子数1~20的烷氧基,碳原子数6~20的芳基氧基,碳原子数1~20的酰胺基,碳原子数1~20的含硅基团,碳原子数1~20的磷化物基(ホスフィド基)、碳原子数1~20的硫化物基(スルフィド基)、碳原子数1~20的酰基、取代或未取代的乙酰丙酮、取代或未取代的羧酸酯等。
作为卤素原子,可以列举出氯原子、氟原子、溴原子、碘原子。
作为碳原子数1~20的烃基,具体而言可以列举出甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基、己基、环己基、辛基等烷基;乙烯基、丙烯基、环己烯基等烯基;苄基、苯基乙基、苯基丙基等芳基烷基;苯基、甲苯基、二甲基苯基、三甲基苯基、乙基苯基、丙基苯基、联苯基、萘基、甲基萘基、蒽基、菲基等芳基等。其中优选为甲基、乙基、丙基等烷基、苯基等芳基。
作为碳原子数1~20的烷氧基,可以列举出甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、丁氧基等。作为碳原子数6~20的芳基氧基,可以列举出苯氧基、甲基苯氧基、二甲基苯氧基等。
作为碳原子数1~20的酰胺基,可以列举出二甲基酰胺基、二乙基酰胺基、二丙基酰胺基、二丁基酰胺基、二环己基酰胺基、甲基乙基酰胺基等烷基酰胺基、二乙烯基酰胺基、二丙烯基酰胺基、二环己烯基酰胺基等烯基酰胺基;二苄基酰胺基、苯基乙基酰胺基、苯基丙基酰胺基等芳基烷基酰胺基;二苯基酰胺基、二萘基酰胺基等芳基酰胺基。
作为碳原子数1~20的含硅基团,可以列举出甲基甲硅烷基、苯基甲硅烷基等单烃基取代甲硅烷基;二甲基甲硅烷基、二苯基甲硅烷基等二烃基取代甲硅烷基;三甲基甲硅烷基、三乙基甲硅烷基、三丙基甲硅烷基、三环己基甲硅烷基、三苯基甲硅烷基、二甲基苯基甲硅烷基、甲基二苯基甲硅烷基、三甲苯基甲硅烷基、三萘基甲硅烷基等三烃基取代甲硅烷基;三甲基甲硅烷基醚基等烃基取代甲硅烷基醚基;三甲基甲硅烷基甲基等硅取代烷基;三甲基甲硅烷基苯基等硅取代芳基等。其中优选为三甲基甲硅烷基甲基、苯基二甲基甲硅烷基乙基等。
作为碳原子数1~20的磷化物基,可以列举出二甲基磷化物基、二乙基磷化物基、二丙基磷化物基、二丁基磷化物基、二环己基磷化物基、二辛基磷化物基等烷基磷化物基;二乙烯基磷化物基、二丙烯基磷化物基、二环己烯基磷化物基等烯基磷化物基;二苄基磷化物基、双(苯基乙基苯基)磷化物基等芳基烷基磷化物基;二苯基磷化物基、二甲苯基磷化物基、二萘基磷化物基等芳基磷化物基。
作为碳原子数1~20的硫化物基,可以列举出甲基硫化物基、乙基硫化物基、丙基硫化物基、丁基硫化物基、己基硫化物基、环己基硫化物基、辛基硫化物基等烷基硫化物基;乙烯基硫化物基、丙烯基硫化物基、环己烯基硫化物基等烯基硫化物基;苄基硫化物基、苯基乙基硫化物基、苯基丙基硫化物基等芳基烷基硫化物基;苯基硫化物基、甲苯基硫化物基、二甲基苯基硫化物基、三甲基苯基硫化物基、乙基苯基硫化物基、丙基苯基硫化物基、联苯硫化物基、萘基硫化物基、甲基萘基硫化物基、蒽基硫化物基、菲基硫化物基等芳基硫化物基。
作为碳原子数1~20的酰基,可以列举出甲酰基、乙酰基、丙酰基、丁酰基、戊酰基、棕榈酰基、硬脂酰基、油酰基等烷基酰基、苯甲酰基、甲基甲酰基(トルオイル基)、水杨酰基、肉桂酰基、萘甲酰基(ナフトイル基)、邻苯二甲酰基等芳基酰基、由草酸、丙二酸、琥珀酸等二羧酸衍生的草酰基(オキサリル基)、丙二酰基(マロニル基)、琥珀酰基(スクシニル基)等。
另一方面,D表示路易斯碱,D为多个的情况下,多个D可以相同或不同,也可以与其他的D、X交联。作为该D的路易斯碱的具体例,可以列举出胺类、醚类、膦类、硫醚类等。
作为胺,可以列举出碳原子数1~20的胺,具体而言,可以列举出甲基胺、乙基胺、丙基胺、丁基胺、环己基胺、甲基乙基胺、二甲基胺、二乙基胺、二丙基胺、二丁基胺、二环己基胺、甲基乙基胺等烷基胺;乙烯基胺、丙烯基胺、环己烯基胺、二乙烯基胺、二丙烯基胺、二环己烯基胺等烯基胺;苯基胺、苯基乙基胺、苯基丙基胺等芳基烷基胺;二苯胺、二萘胺等芳基胺。
作为醚类,可以列举出甲基醚、乙基醚、丙基醚、异丙基醚、丁基醚、异丁基醚、正戊基醚、异戊基醚等脂肪族单一醚化合物;甲基乙基醚、甲基丙基醚、甲基异丙基醚、甲基-正戊基醚、甲基异戊基醚、乙基丙基醚、乙基异丙基醚、乙基丁基醚、乙基异丁基醚、乙基-正戊基醚、乙基异戊基醚等脂肪族混成醚化合物;乙烯基醚、烯丙基醚、甲基乙烯基醚、甲基烯丙基醚、乙基乙烯基醚、乙基烯丙基醚等脂肪族不饱和醚化合物;苯甲醚、苯乙醚、苯基醚、苄基醚、苯基苄基醚、α-萘基醚、β-萘基醚等芳香族醚化合物、氧化乙烯、氧化丙烯、氧杂环丁烷、四氢呋喃、四氢吡喃、二噁烷等环式醚化合物。
作为膦类,可以列举出碳原子数1~20的膦。具体而言可以列举出甲基膦、乙基膦、丙基膦、丁基膦、己基膦、环己基膦、辛基膦等单烃基取代膦;二甲基膦、二乙基膦、二丙基膦、二丁基膦、二己基膦、二环己基膦、二辛基膦等二烃基取代膦;三甲基膦、三乙基膦、三丙基膦、三丁基膦、三己基膦、三环己基膦、三辛基膦等三烃基取代膦等烷基膦、乙烯基膦、丙烯基膦、环己烯基膦等单烯基膦、烯基取代2个膦的氢原子而成的二烯基膦;烯基取代3个膦的氢原子而成的三烯基膦;苄基膦、苯基乙基膦、苯基丙基膦等芳基烷基膦;芳基或烯基取代3个膦的氢原子而成的二芳基烷基膦或芳基二烷基膦;苯基膦、甲苯基膦、二甲基苯基膦、三甲基苯基膦、乙基苯基膦、丙基苯基膦、联苯膦、萘基膦、甲基萘基膦、蒽基膦、菲基膦;烷基芳基取代2个膦的氢原子而成的二(烷基芳基)膦;烷基芳基取代3个膦的氢原子而成的三(烷基芳基)膦等芳基膦。作为硫醚类,可以列举出前述的硫醚。
作为上述(A)铬化合物的具体例,可以列举出三(乙酰丙酮)铬(III)、三(乙基己酸酯)铬(III)(トリス(エチルヘキサナート)クロム(III))、三叔丁氧基铬(III)、三氯化铬、三溴化铬、二氯化铬、三氯三(THF)铬等,可以优选使用三(乙酰丙酮)铬(III)、三氯化铬、二氯化铬、三氯三(THF)铬、二氯双(THF)铬等。
〔(B)配体化合物〕
本发明中所使用的(B)配体化合物如下述通式(1)所示。
[化3]
(式中,L1~L3各自独立地为取代或未取代的碳原子数5~30的脂环式烃基、取代或未取代的成环碳原子数6~30的芳香族烃基、或取代或未取代的成环原子数5~30的芳香族杂环基。)。
上述L1~L3优选为取代或未取代的碳原子数5~14的脂环式烃基、或取代或未取代的成环碳原子数6~14的芳香族烃基。
作为前述L1~L3所示的脂环式烃基的具体例,可以列举出环戊基、环己基、环辛基等,优选为环戊基、或环己基。
作为前述L1~L3所示的芳香族烃基的例子,可以列举出苯基、萘基、菲基、联苯基、三联苯基、四联苯基、荧蒽基、苯并菲基、芴基、苯并[c]菲基、苯并[a]苯并菲基、萘并[1,2-c]菲基、萘并[1,2-a]苯并菲基、二苯并[a,c]苯并菲基、苯并[b]荧蒽基等,优选为苯基、4-联苯基、3-联苯基、5'-间三联苯基、1-萘基、芴-2-基、2-萘基、9-菲基。
作为L1~L3所示的取代芳香族烃基的例子,可以列举出2-甲基苯基、3-甲基苯基、4-甲基苯基、2-乙基苯基、3-乙基苯基、4-乙基苯基、2,3-二甲基苯基、2,4-二甲基苯基、2,5-二甲基苯基、2,6-二甲基苯基、3,4-二甲基苯基、3,5-二甲基苯基、2-甲基-4-甲氧基苯基、2-甲基-6-甲氧基苯基、2,4,5-三甲基苯基、2,4,6-三甲基苯基、4-正丁基苯基、4-叔丁基苯基等。
作为前述L1~L3所示的芳香族杂环基,优选含有选自氮原子、氧原子、以及硫原子中的至少1个杂原子,作为其具体例,有吡咯基、呋喃基、噻吩基、吡啶基、哒嗪基、嘧啶基、吡嗪基、三嗪基、咪唑基、噁唑基、噻唑基、吡唑基、异噁唑基、异噻唑基、噁二唑基、噻二唑基、三唑基、吲哚基、异吲哚基、苯并呋喃基、异苯并呋喃基、苯并噻吩基、吲哚嗪基、喹嗪基、喹啉基、异喹啉基、噌啉基、酞嗪基、喹唑啉基、喹喔啉基、苯并咪唑基、苯并噁唑基、苯并噻唑基、吲唑基、苯并异噁唑基、苯并异噻唑基、咔唑基、二苯并呋喃基、二苯并噻吩基、菲啶基、吖啶基、菲咯啉基、吩嗪、吩噻嗪基、吩噁嗪基、以及呫吨基,优选为呋喃基、噻吩基、苯并呋喃基、苯并噻吩基、二苯并呋喃基、二苯并噻吩基。
前述L1~L3优选各自独立地为取代或未取代的成环碳原子数6~30的芳香族烃基、或取代或未取代的成环原子数5~30的芳香族杂环基,更优选为取代或未取代的成环碳原子数6~30的芳香族烃基,特别优选为取代或未取代的苯基。
作为用作前述L1~L3的取代苯基,特别优选具有碳原子数1~20的烷基或碳原子数1~20的烷氧基作为取代基者。
作为上述以及后述的“取代或未取代”的情况下的任意取代基,可以列举出卤素原子、氰基、碳原子数1~20(优选为1~5)的烷基、碳原子数3~20(优选为5~12)的环烷基、碳原子数1~20(优选为1~5)的烷氧基、碳原子数1~20(优选为1~5)的卤代烷基、碳原子数1~20(优选为1~5)的卤代烷氧基、碳原子数1~10(优选为1~5)的烷基甲硅烷基、成环碳原子数6~30(优选为6~18)的芳基、成环碳原子数6~30(优选为6~18)的芳基氧基、碳原子数6~30(优选为6~18)的芳基甲硅烷基、碳原子数7~30(优选为7~20)的芳烷基、以及成环原子数5~30的(优选为5~18)杂芳基。
(A)成分与(B)成分的使用比例优选以(B)成分/(A)成分的摩尔比计在0.1~10的范围内,更优选在0.2~5的范围内,特别优选在0.5~3.0的范围内。
另外,作为(B)成分,可以使用一种或两种以上。
〔(C)助催化剂〕
作为本发明中使用的(C)助催化剂的具体例,可以列举出(C-1)铝氧烷和(C-2)硼化合物。
〔(C-1)铝氧烷〕
作为(C-1)成分的铝氧烷,可以列举出通式(I)
[化4]
(式中,R1表示碳原子数1~20、优选为1~12的烷基,烯基,芳基,芳基烷基等烃基或者卤素原子,w表示平均聚合度,通常为2~50,优选为2~40的整数。需要说明的是,各R1可以相同或不同。)所示的链状铝氧烷、以及通式(II)
[化5]
(式中,R1以及w与前述通式(I)中的相同。)所示的环状铝氧烷。
作为(C-1)铝氧烷的具体例,可以列举出甲基铝氧烷(MAO)、甲基异丁基铝氧烷(MMAO)、乙基铝氧烷(EMAO)、异丁基铝氧烷(IBAO)等,优选使用甲基铝氧烷(MAO)或甲基异丁基铝氧烷(MMAO)。
作为前述铝氧烷的制造法,可以列举出使烷基铝与水等缩合剂接触的方法,对于该手段没有特别限定,可以按照公知的方法进行反应即可。
例如,有(1)预先将有机铝化合物溶解于有机溶剂中,使其与水接触的方法;(2)聚合时预先添加最初有机铝化合物,然后添加水的方法;(3)使金属盐等中含有的结晶水、无机物或有机物的吸附水与有机铝化合物反应的方法;(4)使四烷基二铝氧烷与三烷基铝反应,进一步与水反应的方法等。需要说明的是,作为铝氧烷,可以是甲苯不溶性的。这些铝氧烷可以使用一种,也可以组合使用两种以上。
(A)成分与(C)成分的使用比例以(C)成分/(A)成分的摩尔比计优选在1~10,000的范围内,更优选在10~1,000的范围内。
另外,作为(C)成分,可以使用选自(C-1)成分以及(C-2)成分中的一种或两种以上。
〔(C-2)硼化合物〕
作为(C-2)硼化合物的具体例,可以列举出三(五氟苯基)硼、四(五氟苯基)硼酸二甲基苯胺,四(五氟苯基)硼酸三苯甲基酯等。
〔(D)有机铝化合物〕
另外,本发明的α-烯烃的制造方法中,除了上述(A)~(C)成分,还可以使用作为(D)成分的有机铝化合物。这里,作为(D)成分的有机铝化合物,可以使用通式(III)
R2 vAlJ3-v・・・(III)
〔式中,R2表示碳原子数1~10的烷基、J表示氢原子、碳原子数1~20的烷氧基、碳原子数6~20的芳基或卤素原子,v为1~3的整数〕所示的化合物。
作为前述通式(III)所示的化合物的具体例,可以列举出三甲基铝、三乙基铝、三异丙基铝、三异丁基铝、二甲基氯化铝、二乙基氯化铝、甲基二氯化铝、乙基二氯化铝、二甲基氟化铝、氢化二异丁基铝、氢化二乙基铝、倍半乙基氯化铝(Ethylaluminium
sesquichloride)等。这些之中,碳原子数4以上的烃基键合而成的有机铝化合物从高温稳定性优异的观点优选,从该观点出发更优选碳原子数4~8的烃基键合而成的化合物。进一步优选为100℃以上的反应温度的情况下,更优选为碳原子数6~8的烃基键合而成的化合物。上述(D)有机铝化合物可以使用一种,也可以组合使用两种以上。
前述(A)成分与(D)成分的使用比例以摩尔比计优选为1:1~1:10,000,更优选为1:5~1:2,000,理想的是更优选为1:10~1:1,000的范围。通过使用该(D)成分,能够提高单位铬的聚合活性,但过多时,(D)有机铝化合物会浪费,同时后处理工序消耗大量负荷,因而不优选。
本发明的α-烯烃的制造方法中,在上述(A)~(C)成分的存在下进行乙烯的聚合。(A)~(C)成分可以在事先使任意两种以上接触后,再添加到聚合溶剂中,也可以同时混合(A)~(C)成分。需要说明的是,混合顺序没有限制,优选使(A)成分与(B)成分事先接触。
聚合温度优选为0~150℃,更优选为20~80℃。
聚合压力优选为常压~10Mpa,更优选为0.2~8.0Mpa,特别优选为0.5~5.0MPa。
作为聚合溶剂,可以列举出苯、甲苯、二甲苯、戊烷、庚烷、环己烷、甲基环己烷等,优选使用甲苯、环己烷。
本发明的α-烯烃的制造方法优选所得的α-烯烃中的1-辛烯的比率为1-己烯的比率以上。另外,1-辛烯的比率优选为10质量%以上,更优选为15质量%以上,进一步优选为20质量%以上,特别优选为25质量%以上。
实施例
接着,通过实施例更详细地说明本发明,但本发明不受这些例子的任何限定。物性的测定方法和测定装置示于以下。
〔各α-烯烃成分的质量比〕
在反应液中加入一定量作为内部标准液的十一烷(C11),在以下条件下进行气相色谱 (GC)测定,以内部标准液C11为基准求出各α-烯烃成分(C4~C18)的质量比。
GC测定条件
柱:Ultra2(25m×0.2mm×0.33μm)
注入口温度:270℃
检测器温度:270℃
柱温:40~200℃(1.5℃/min)、200~270℃(8℃/min)。
实施例1
〔铬络合物溶液的制备〕
在带搅拌桨的经过氮置换的50ml舒伦克管中加入三(乙酰丙酮)铬甲苯溶液20ml(40μmol)、和下述式所示的配体化合物A溶液6ml(120μmol),在室温下搅拌约2小时进行制备。溶液为淡紫色的均匀的液体。
[化6]
。
〔聚合〕
在经过充分脱水・氮置换的1L的带搅拌机的高压釜中,加入干燥溶剂甲苯300ml,然后加入上述铬络合物溶液17.88ml(27.5μmol)、和甲基铝氧烷的甲苯溶液2.75ml(8250μmol),开始搅拌。将反应温度升温至40℃,在达到40℃的时刻,加入乙烯4Mpa,开始反应。1小时反应后,在加压下添加乙醇30ml,使催化剂失活。冷却至室温后进行脱压,开放高压釜,在反应液中添加作为GC分析用的内部标准液的十一烷3.5g,充分搅拌。反应液进行GC分析,求出各α-烯烃成分的分布・纯度。副产聚合物的情况下,将生成液吸引过滤,将过滤物风干1天后,测定重量。结果示于表1。
实施例2
除了将配体化合物A溶液的用量由6ml(120μmol)变更到2ml(40μmol)以外,与实施例1同样地操作进行铬络合物溶液的制备以及乙烯聚合。结果示于表1。
实施例3
在配体化合物A(0.54g,1.96mmol)的THF(15mL)溶液中以-10℃添加正丁基锂己烷溶液(2.05mmol,0.82mL)。将反应混合物在室温下进行终夜搅拌,将该溶液添加到CrCl2(THF)2(0.27g,1.01mmol)的THF(5mL)悬浊液中。搅拌18小时后,减压下馏去溶剂,将固体残渣在甲苯中再溶解。将少量的无色不溶物过滤而得到的褐色溶液的溶剂在减压下馏去,将所得的绿褐色固体用作催化剂,与实施例1同样地进行乙烯聚合。结果示于表1。
实施例4
除了将溶剂由甲苯变更为环己烷以外,与实施例2同样地操作,进行乙烯聚合。结果示于表1。
实施例5
除了代替配体化合物A溶液而使用下述配体化合物B溶液以外,与实施例1同样地操作进行乙烯聚合。结果示于表1。
[化7]
。
实施例6
除了代替配体化合物A溶液而使用下述配体化合物C溶液以外,与实施例1同样地操作进行乙烯聚合。结果示于表1。
[化8]
。
实施例7
除了代替配体化合物A溶液而使用下述配体化合物D溶液以外,与实施例1同样地操作进行乙烯聚合。结果示于表1。
[化9]
。
实施例8
除了将配体化合物D溶液的用量由6ml(120μmol)变更为2ml(40μmol)以外,与实施例7同样地操作,进行铬络合物溶液的制备以及乙烯聚合。结果示于表1。
比较例1
除了代替配体化合物A溶液而使用下述配体化合物X溶液以外,与实施例1同样地操作进行乙烯聚合。结果示于表1。
[化10]
。
比较例2
除了未添加配体化合物A溶液以外,与实施例1同样地操作进行乙烯聚合。结果示于表1。
比较例1、2的制造方法中,相对于1-己烯(C6)的收率,1-辛烯(C8)的收率较低。与此相对,通过本发明的制造方法得到的α-烯烃的组成分布不遵循舒尔茨弗洛里分布,具体而言,具有相对于1-己烯(C6)的收率,1-辛烯(C8)的收率较高的特征,能够确认1-辛烯的收率优异。
需要说明的是,表1中,在实施例1~8以及比较例1~2的任一个中,1-丁烯(C4)的收率均低,但这可以解释为是由于1-丁烯为轻质,挥发而造成的。
产业上的利用可能性
通过本发明的制造方法得到的α-烯烃在LLDPE的共聚单体、合成润滑油用途、表面活性剂用途中有用。
Claims (5)
1.α-烯烃的制造方法,其特征在于,使用(A)铬化合物、(B)下述通式(1)所示的配体化合物、以及(C)助催化剂聚合乙烯,
式中,L1~L3各自独立地为取代或未取代的碳原子数5~30的脂环式烃基、取代或未取代的成环碳原子数6~30的芳香族烃基、或取代或未取代的成环原子数5~30的芳香族杂环基。
2.根据权利要求1所述的α-烯烃的制造方法,其具有:使所述(A)铬化合物与(B)配体化合物接触的工序和使其反应产物与所述(C)助催化剂进行反应的工序。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的α-烯烃的制造方法,其中,所述(A)铬化合物为下述通式(2)所示,
CrXnDm ・・・(2)
式中,X表示σ键性的配体,X为多个的情况下,多个X可以相同或不同,D表示路易斯碱,D为多个的情况下,多个D可以相同或不同,n为2~3的整数,表示Cr的化合价,m表示0~6的整数。
4.根据权利要求1~3中任一项所述的α-烯烃的制造方法,其中,所述通式(1)中的L1~L3各自独立地为取代或未取代的苯基、或取代或未取代的环己基,且该取代基为碳原子数1~4的烷基、碳原子数1~4的烷氧基、或成环碳原子数5~6的环烷基。
5.根据权利要求1~4中任一项所述的α-烯烃的制造方法,其中,所述(C)助催化剂为铝氧烷。
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