CN103988704B - A kind of walnut cotton intercropping method reducing the incidence of disease, improve income - Google Patents
A kind of walnut cotton intercropping method reducing the incidence of disease, improve income Download PDFInfo
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- CN103988704B CN103988704B CN201410248677.7A CN201410248677A CN103988704B CN 103988704 B CN103988704 B CN 103988704B CN 201410248677 A CN201410248677 A CN 201410248677A CN 103988704 B CN103988704 B CN 103988704B
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- walnut
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of walnut cotton intercropping method reducing the incidence of disease, improve income, belong to technical field of crop cultivation.The present invention soil, centered by walnut trunk, around walnut, pile up water proof ring, there is certain distance between water proof ring inwall and trunk is; With soil, pile up a boundary belt in the both sides of every row walnut, the distance between the boundary belt of every row walnut both sides is 150-230cm, and described boundary belt, it is highly less than or equal to the height of water proof ring.Boundary belt of the present invention, without the need to deep-cutting soil, can not injure the root system of walnut; Distance between protective belt is at about two meters, and when pouring water, water can cover root system fully, makes root system absorb moisture fully.And water proof ring is set around walnut, effectively water and walnut trunk can be isolated, thus prevent that trunk moisture is too high grows germ, simultaneously can anti-sealing to the propagation of germ.And the effect strengthening walnut growing way can be served.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of walnut cotton intercropping method reducing the incidence of disease, improve income, belong to technical field of crop cultivation.
Background technology
Walnut (JuglansregiaL.) is one of main traditional economy seeds of China, and cultivation history is long, and distribution is extensive, in national economy, occupy critical positions.Particularly in the vast rural area of China, be peasant main economic life source, Yunnan, Shanxi, Xinjiang, Hebei, Shandong etc. economize (autonomous region) be its major production areas.
Rot in walnut, any position bark in main harm walnut trees, comprises trunk, major branch, also endangers the bark of pruning clip, rhizome portion and exposed root.Large tree trunk is caught an illness the initial stage, and Symptom hiding is at phloem, and appearance is not easily found out, when finding out symptom, subcutaneous sick portion also expands 20 ~ more than 30cm, and stream has sticky shape Heisui River, often sticks with paste on trunk.Treelet trunk or side shoot are caught an illness, and scab is nearly fusiformis just, and the water stain shape of lead is slightly swollen with, and has foam-like liquid with hand by baric flow, and sick skin browning has vinasse taste, and rear sick transepidermal water loss is recessed, scattered many pores and germ pycnidium on scab.To gush out Chinese red colloid, i.e. germ cirrus from pore during high humidity.Spot expansion causes cortex lobe and flows out Heisui River.Rot in walnut germ is a kind of infectious bacteria, can with pouring water and propagating under wind action power.Generally, germ invades from wound, or from the dry withered short wooden stake of stake of dead cortical tissue and trunk, major branch drains spike top, freeze injury position obtains procreation, and produces brood body, continue to propagate, then infect! Cause morbidity.
In recent years, area, Xinjiang's Tarim Basin surrounding area, Xinjiang Walnut Industry Development is rapid, and walnut area has reached 482.48 ten thousand mu.Have that result morning, instant effect, output are high at Xinjiang early-fruiting walnut improved seeds, fruit is large, skin is thin feature.Within 3rd year, just can start result after the grafting of early-fruiting walnut tree, within the 7th year, enter high yield period, therefore be subject to wide farmers and welcome.But due to early-fruiting walnut tree result early, result too much, resistance to atmospheric drought, not wet-heat resisting, orchard worker's extensive management, cause tree vigo(u)r weak, rot occurs in a large number.When particularly irrigating, water directly contacts with trunk, and suffers comparatively serious cold damage winter, and rot incidence is just even more serious.Make tree body enter declining period in advance, tree body is aging thus cause tree body slowly dead in the halfway situation for the treatment of, and this brings certain economic loss to wide farmers.
Under the pattern of walnut and cotton intercropping, both existence are for water problem.Walnut needed to water twice water after sowing cotton seed before pouring water, and was respectively flower bud differentiation water (at the beginning of 5 months), stone water (mid-June); And cotton is in after planting first time, and irrigation period is on June about 20, and walnut needs to pour water twice in the meantime, and cotton will not poured water.Under the method not taking any protection, when pouring water water to walnut with but enter cotton field, this just brings huge economic loss to cotton, and output generally reduces about 10-15%.And the cotton topmost crops that are Xinjiang region, in order to ensure the growth of cotton, walnut cotton intercropping field is irrigated according to the demand of cotton usually; Therefore the needs of walnut to flower bud differentiation water and petrifying water cannot be met.Thus cause that walnut lack of water, growing way are poor, the incidence of disease improves (with planting separately compared with walnut).In order to strengthen the growing way of walnut on the basis ensureing output of cotton, people attempt to adopt the mode of ditching around walnut to irrigate.But this irrigation method exists the problem that walnut root system is easily destroyed and fully cannot absorbs moisture, obviously can not strengthen the growing way of walnut, reduce the incidence of disease.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to, while ensureing cotton income, reduce the incidence of disease of walnut rot, strengthen growing way to improve walnut income
.
Technical scheme of the present invention:
Reduce the incidence of disease, improve a walnut cotton intercropping method for income,
With soil, centered by walnut trunk, around walnut, pile up water proof ring, described water proof ring, it is highly 25-40cm, and its wall thickness is 10-20cm, and the distance between its inwall and trunk is 10-20cm;
With soil, pile up a boundary belt in the both sides of every row walnut, the distance between the boundary belt of every row walnut both sides is 150-230cm, and described boundary belt, it is highly less than or equal to the height of water proof ring, and its wall thickness is 20-30cm.
Said method, preferably, the soil surface in water proof ring is lower than the soil surface 1-10cm between boundary belt.
Said method, preferably, described water proof ring, its wall thickness increases from top to bottom gradually, and its minimum wall thickness (MINI W.) is 10cm, and its thickest is 20cm.
Said method, preferably, described water proof ring, its inwall is vertical with soil surface, and its outer wall and soil surface are in the angle being less than 90 °.
Said method, preferably, described boundary belt, its wall thickness increases from top to bottom gradually, and its minimum wall thickness (MINI W.) is 20cm, thickest is 30cm.
Said method, preferably, boundary belt inner and outer wall is all horizontal by the angle being less than 90 °.
Said method, preferred,
Its of described water proof ring and boundary belt is highly 30cm;
Distance between the boundary belt of every row walnut both sides is 200cm.
Distance between the inwall of described water proof ring and trunk is 15cm.
Method of the present invention, arranges boundary belt in every row walnut both sides, can realize the object respectively to walnut and Cotton Irrigation.Boundary belt of the present invention, without the need to deep-cutting soil, can not injure the root system of walnut; Distance between protective belt is at about two meters, and when pouring water, water can cover root system fully, makes root system absorb moisture fully.And water proof ring is set around walnut, effectively water and walnut trunk can be isolated, thus prevent that trunk moisture is too high grows germ, and simultaneously can anti-sealing to the propagation of germ.And found through experiments: arrange water proof ring do not have the growing way of the walnut fallen ill significantly better than, the growing way of walnut not have morbidity of water proof ring is not set.As can be seen here, water proof ring of the present invention not only serves the effect that anti-sealing contacts with walnut trunk, and unexpectedly serves the effect (effect of this enhancing growing way is not reduced by the incidence of disease to produce) strengthening walnut growing way.
To sum up, the present invention by establishing boundary belt in walnut both sides, and encloses water proof ring at walnut trunk periphery, plays the effect of prevention Rot in walnut and propagation and solution walnut and cotton water supply contradiction.The method is reasonable in design, easy, workable, provides new method and reference for improving walnut+cotton culture administrative skill.
The present invention compared with prior art, has the following advantages and obvious effect:
1. walnut+cotton intercropping, in both time of occurrences when supplying water are inconsistent, adopt method of the present invention both can avoid water supply contradiction, also can prevent generation and the propagation of Rot in walnut;
2. the method for other region walnut+cotton intercropping of the present invention and Xinjiang is different, plays boundary belt, encloses water proof ring pattern, is a unique administrative skill preventing Rot in walnut from occurring, propagate and solve walnut and cotton water supply contradiction;
3. method of the present invention, can improve the output of walnut, thus improve total revenue while ensureing output of cotton.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the generalized section of intercropping mode of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the scale diagrams of water proof ring, boundary belt;
Fig. 3 is the floor map of intercropping mode of the present invention;
In figure, 1. walnut, 2. cotton tree, 3. water proof ring, 4. boundary belt; A. the height of water proof ring, the wall thickness of B. water proof ring, the distance between C. water proof ring inwall and trunk, the distance between the boundary belt of the every row walnut both sides of D., the height of E. boundary belt.
Embodiment
Select Zepu County, Kaxgar Prefecture as Experimental Base, its soil is based on alluviation anthropogenic-alluvial soil; Weather belongs to typical continental arid climate.Select kind of the 600 mu of fields being implanted with new No. 2 walnuts as experimental field; Wherein
,experimental field plant the line-spacing (thing for row) of walnut, for 6m, spacing are 4m, the walnut age of tree be 7 years.Field S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, S6 of 6 pieces of area equation is selected in experimental field; Every block field area is 100 mu, plants 2800 strain walnuts; The distributional pattern of the walnut in every block field is identical.
Spring in 2013, before walnut germinates, add up the walnut trunk diameter mean value in S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, S6 field selected, illness rate, result is as table 1
Table 1:
In table 1, illness rate refers to that ill walnut strain number accounts for the percentage of total walnut strain number; D1 refers to the trunk diameter mean value of ill walnut; D2 refers to the trunk diameter mean value (note: trunk diameter described in the present invention is the mean value of walnut at the trunk diameter at 100cm trunk height place) of not ill walnut.Data according to table 1 can draw, before spring in 2013, walnut germinateed, illness rate, the trunk diameter mean value of the walnut in selected S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, S6 field are substantially identical, walnut growing way no significant difference.
Then, different plantations, Irrigation are adopted respectively to selected S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, S6 field; The pattern that the pattern that the pattern that S1 adopts the pattern of embodiment 1, S2 adopts embodiment 2, S3 adopt the pattern of embodiment 3, S4 adopts embodiment 4, S5 adopt the pattern of embodiment 5, S6 adopts embodiment 6.In autumn in 2013 add up respectively the output of the walnut in S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, S6 field and cotton, the illness rate of walnut, ill walnut trunk diameter mean value, there is no the trunk diameter mean value of ill walnut; Result is as table 2;
Table 2:
In table 2, illness rate refers to that ill walnut strain number (ill walnut strain number=original ill strain number+newly-increased ill strain) accounts for the percentage of total walnut strain number; D1 refers to the trunk diameter mean value of ill walnut; D2 refers to the trunk diameter mean value of not ill walnut; Described walnut output is the weight of walnut dry product, and institute's output of cotton is the weight of cotton dry product.Compared by the output to the walnut of embodiment 1-6 and cotton, the illness rate of walnut, trunk diameter mean value, can draw " water proof ring effectively can not only reduce the incidence of disease of walnut rot and can obviously strengthen its growing way "; And " boundary belt not only can solve the demand contradictory of walnut and cotton water supply aspect, and output of cotton can also be made when not affecting walnut output to keep stable ".
In following embodiment, identical to walnut, cotton irrigation quantity in the same period.
embodiment 1
Walnut adopts and builds garden formula cropping pattern (only planting walnut);
Be respectively rudiment to the irrigation period of walnut to bloom water (late March is to early April).Fruit water (at the beginning of 5 months), flower bud differentiation water (at the beginning of 5 months), stone water (in 6 months), plant benevolence and grow water (in 7 months), fruit maturation water (at the beginning of 8 months), winter irrigation water (by the end of October to 11 month at the beginning of).And adopt conventional fertilizer application mode, management mode, pest management mode.In results walnut on 10-September 25 September.
embodiment 2
Walnut and cotton intercropping, pour water according to cotton growth demand;
In in late March, 2014 or early April sowing cotton (No. 47, new land).2 width mulch films are spread, the wide 1.4m of every width mulch film between every two row walnuts; 4 row cottons are planted under every width mulch film.The Cotton Irrigation time is respectively cotton irrigation before seeding in 3-April once, pour water for 1st time about 20 days June after broadcasting, poured water once (needing to pour water according to weather, soil condition) at interval of about 10 days after pouring water for 1st time, irrigation method is under-film drip irrigation, need the whole year to pour water 10-12 times, on August about 20, stopping was poured water.The fertilising identical with embodiment 1, management mode, pest management are adopted to walnut.Conventional fertilizer application, management mode, pest management are adopted to cotton.In results walnut on 10-September 25 September, mid-September to cotton picking mid-October.
embodiment 3
Walnut and cotton intercropping, pour water according to walnut growth demand; The kind of cotton, planting density, planting patterns, implantation time, irrigation method, irrigation period, way to manage are all identical with embodiment 2;
Be respectively rudiment to the irrigation period of walnut to bloom water (late March is to early April).Fruit water (at the beginning of 5 months), flower bud differentiation water (at the beginning of 5 months), stone water (in 6 months), plant benevolence and grow water (in 7 months), fruit maturation water (at the beginning of 8 months), winter irrigation water (by the end of October to 11 month at the beginning of).Walnut adopts the fertilising identical with embodiment 1, management mode, pest management.In results walnut on 10-September 25 September, mid-September to cotton picking mid-October.
embodiment 4
Walnut and cotton intercropping, pour water respectively; Walnut trench digging is poured water;
Intercropping cotton, the kind of cotton, planting density, planting patterns, implantation time, irrigation method, irrigation period, way to manage are all identical with embodiment 2;
Adopt trench digging mode to pour water to walnut, irrigation period is respectively rudiment and blooms water (late March is to early April).Fruit water (at the beginning of 5 months), flower bud differentiation water (at the beginning of 5 months), stone water (in 6 months), plant benevolence and grow water (in 7 months), fruit maturation water (at the beginning of 8 months), winter irrigation water (by the end of October to 11 month at the beginning of); Described trench digging mode: open in every row walnut both sides two dark be 30cm, the wide ditch for 30-50cm, ditch is near trunk;
With cotton, the fertilising identical with embodiment 2, management mode, pest management are all adopted to walnut;
In results walnut on 10-September 25 September, mid-September to cotton picking mid-October.
embodiment 5
Walnut and cotton intercropping, set up boundary belt and pile up water proof ring;
Intercropping cotton is the kind of cotton, planting density, planting patterns, implantation time, irrigation method, irrigation period, all identical with embodiment 2;
Around every strain walnut, pile up water proof ring, water proof ring mound is built and is formed.Water proof ring is centered by the trunk of walnut; Water proof ring, its inwall is vertical in ground, and its outer wall and ground are 75 ° of angles; Distance between its inwall and trunk is 15cm; Water proof ring is up-narrow and down-wide, and its vertical section is trapezoidal, and described trapezoidal upper base is 10cm;
Set up a boundary belt in the both sides of every row walnut, boundary belt mound is built and is formed.Distance between the boundary belt of the every both sides of row walnut is 200cm, and the height of boundary belt is 30cm; Boundary belt is up-narrow and down-wide, and its vertical section is trapezoidal, and described trapezoidal upper base is that 20cm goes to the bottom as 40cm.The mode injected between the boundary belt of walnut both sides by water is adopted to pour water to walnut;
With cotton, the fertilising identical with embodiment 2, management mode, pest management are all adopted to walnut;
In results walnut on 10-September 25 September, mid-September to cotton picking mid-October.
embodiment 6
Walnut and cotton intercropping, set up boundary belt and pile up water proof ring, digging 5cm downwards in water proof ring;
Intercropping cotton is the kind of cotton, planting density, planting patterns, implantation time, irrigation method, irrigation period, all identical with embodiment 2;
The planting density of walnut, planting patterns, implantation time, irrigation method, irrigation period, all identical with embodiment 4;
Take soil surface as benchmark, in the water proof ring of walnut, dig out the soil layer of 5cm downwards, make surface in water proof ring lower than soil surface 5cm;
With cotton, the fertilising identical with embodiment 2, management mode, pest management are all adopted to walnut;
In results walnut on 10-September 25 September, mid-September to cotton picking mid-October.
In addition, in Gu Lebage township, Zepu County, Ying Yeer village of Xi Yitidun township, Markit County, adopt temperature No. 185 walnuts to carry out planting experiment of the present invention, achieve and embodiment 5,6 suitable effects.
Claims (6)
1. reduce the incidence of disease, improve a walnut cotton intercropping method for income, it is characterized in that,
With soil, centered by walnut trunk, around walnut, pile up water proof ring, described water proof ring, it is highly 25-40cm, and its wall thickness is 10-20cm, and the distance between its inwall and trunk is 10-20cm;
With soil, pile up a boundary belt in the both sides of every row walnut, the distance between the boundary belt of every row walnut both sides is 150-230cm, described boundary belt, and it is highly less than or equal to the height of water proof ring, and its wall thickness is 20-30cm; Soil surface in water proof ring is lower than the soil surface 1-10cm between boundary belt.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described water proof ring, and its wall thickness increases from top to bottom gradually, and its minimum wall thickness (MINI W.) is 10cm, and its thickest is 20cm.
3. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described water proof ring, and its inwall is vertical with soil surface, and its outer wall and soil surface are in the angle being less than 90 °.
4. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described boundary belt, and its wall thickness increases from top to bottom gradually, and its minimum wall thickness (MINI W.) is 20cm, thickest is 30cm.
5. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, boundary belt inner and outer wall is all horizontal by the angle being less than 90 °.
6. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that,
Its of described water proof ring and boundary belt is highly 30cm;
Distance between the boundary belt of every row walnut both sides is 200cm;
Distance between the inwall of described water proof ring and trunk is 15cm.
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Inventor after: Hu Haifang Inventor after: Sun Yali Inventor after: Ancient Lijing is permitted Ku Er sweat Inventor after: The graceful Ah's Bradley of nguktrum Inventor after: Zhao Jinpeng Inventor after: Bar closes carries Ya Erkere wood Inventor after: Chu Fenfei Inventor after: Alimu.Maimaiti Inventor after: Jiang Teng Inventor before: Hu Haifang Inventor before: Sun Yali Inventor before: Ancient Lijing is permitted Ku Er sweat Inventor before: The graceful Ah's Bradley of nguktrum Inventor before: Zhao Jinpeng Inventor before: Bar closes carries Ya Erkere wood |
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