CN103957851B - 包括短纤维非织造幅材的组装中间体和制品 - Google Patents
包括短纤维非织造幅材的组装中间体和制品 Download PDFInfo
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- CN103957851B CN103957851B CN201280058821.XA CN201280058821A CN103957851B CN 103957851 B CN103957851 B CN 103957851B CN 201280058821 A CN201280058821 A CN 201280058821A CN 103957851 B CN103957851 B CN 103957851B
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Abstract
本发明描述了一种组装中间体,其包括靠近吸收材料的流体传输元件。所述流体传输元件包括热塑性非织造幅材,所述非织造幅材包括平均直径为20至500微米的多个粘结的短纤维,并且所述幅材具有3至20mm的厚度,0.01至0.10g/cm3范围内的密度,和不大于20kJ/m3的压缩功。本发明还描述了包括此类组装中间体的制品。
Description
发明内容
一种组装中间体,其包括靠近吸收材料的流体传输元件。所述流体传输元件包括热塑性非织造幅材,所述非织造幅材包括平均直径为20至500微米的多个粘结的短纤维,并且所述幅材具有3至20mm的厚度,0.01至0.10g/cm3范围内的厚度,并且不大于20kJ/m3的压缩功。
还描述了包括本文所述的组装中间体的吸收制品,所述组装中间体靠近吸收材料,前提条件是所述吸收制品不是个人卫生制品。所述吸收制品可适用于防溢或医疗用途,例如伤口敷料。
附图说明
图1是吸收制品的俯视图;
图2是图1的吸收制品的剖视图;
图3-7是吸收制品的剖视图;
图8是另一吸收制品的俯视图;
图9是图8的吸收制品的剖视图;
图10是具现的短纤维非织造幅材的显微照片;
图11是具现的短纤维非织造幅材的显微照片;
图12是可用于将短纤维幅材进一步加工成组装中间体或制品的设备的实施例的示意图。
具体实施方式
本发明描述包括靠近吸收材料的(如,气纺)短纤维幅材的组装中间体。所述组装中间体可适合用在个人卫生制品或其他吸收制品中。还描述了包括所述组装中间体的适用于防溢或医疗用途的吸收制品,例如伤口敷料。此类吸收制品不是个人卫生制品,例如成人失禁用品、卫生巾和一次性尿布。
幅材的纤维由热塑性聚合物形成,因此包括热塑性聚合物。可用于形成纤维或其组分的合适的热塑性聚合物的例子包括选自以下类的聚合物:聚烯烃,例如聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚丁烯、这些聚烯烃中的两种或更多种的共混物以及乙烯和/或丙烯与彼此和/或与少量可聚合、高碳α-烯烃(例如,戊烯、甲基戊烯、己烷或辛烷)的共聚物;卤代聚烯烃,例如氯化聚乙烯、聚(偏二氟乙烯)、聚(偏二氯乙烯)和增塑聚(氯乙烯);聚酯(聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(“PET”)以及环己烷二甲醇、1,4-丁二醇和对苯二甲酸的共聚酯醚弹性体;共聚酯弹性体,例如聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯和长链聚酯二醇的嵌段共聚物;聚醚,例如聚苯醚;聚酰胺,例如聚(己二酰己二胺),如尼龙6和尼龙6,6;尼龙弹性体;例如尼龙11、尼龙12、尼龙6,10和聚醚嵌段聚酰胺;聚氨酯;乙烯或者乙烯和丙烯与(甲基)丙烯酸或与低级烷醇和烯键式不饱和羧酸的酯的共聚物,例如乙烯与(甲基)丙烯酸、醋酸乙烯酯、丙烯酸甲酯或丙烯酸乙酯的共聚物;离聚物,例如以锌、锂或钠抗衡离子稳定的乙烯-甲基丙烯酸共聚物;丙烯腈聚合物,例如丙烯腈丁二烯苯乙烯共聚物;丙烯酸类树脂共聚物;化学改性的聚烯烃,例如烯烃的马来酸酐或丙烯酸接枝均聚物或共聚物,以及这些聚合物中的两种或更多种的共混物,例如聚乙烯和聚(丙烯酸甲酯)的共混物、乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物和乙烯-丙烯酸甲酯的共混物;聚乙烯和/或聚丙烯与聚(醋酸乙烯酯的共混物)。上述聚合物通常为固体,通常具有高分子量,并且可熔融挤出,使得它们可被加热以形成熔融粘滞液体,所述粘滞液体可作为料流而抽吸至挤出模头组件,并易于在压力作用下从其挤出成连续长丝,然后将所述长丝切割成短纤维。
优选地,纤维是坚韧、耐用、可熔融粘结、热塑性的纤维,包括合成有机塑性聚合物或共混物或者多组分聚合物纤维。在一些实施例中,幅材的长丝包含相同的合成有机塑性材料。在一些实施例中,纤维由半结晶性热塑性聚合物(例如,聚烯烃)形成。在其它实施例中,一部分长丝包含一种类型的合成有机塑性材料,一部分长丝包含不同类型的合成有机塑性材料。长丝可包含多种(如,2至5种)组分,例如双组分纤维,如皮/芯型或并列型纤维。形成纤维的塑料还可掺入辅剂或添加剂以提高长丝的性能或赋予长丝性能,例如稳定剂、加工助剂、填料、染色颜料、交联剂、发泡剂和阻燃剂。
短纤维幅材还可包括天然纤维与包含合成有机塑性聚合物的纤维的组合。
通常,幅材的纤维具有至少5、10、15或20微米的平均宽度、直径或横截面尺寸。平均直径的范围可最高达1000微米(1mm),但通常不大于800微米或700微米或600微米,在一些实施例中不大于500微米或400微米。在一些实施例中,幅材的纤维的平均直径不大于300、250、200、150、100、75或50微米。较小直径的短纤维幅材可提供改善的柔性(如,较低的压缩功)。长丝横截面尺寸(以及横截面的形状)优选沿着长丝的长度大体上或基本上均匀,如,为均匀的圆形。长丝的表面通常光滑。纤维可为纤维、带的形状或形式或其他窄而长的形状。可由具有相同或不同的塑性组合物、几何形状、尺寸和和/或直径的多个纤维构成聚集体。纤维通常为固体。纤维可为圆形或近似圆形横截面或非圆形横截面,如,叶形、椭圆形、矩形、三角形以及具有辐射臂的形状(例如,“x形”)。与由熔融挤出工艺(如,纺粘或熔喷)制成的通常长度连续的纤维不同,短纤维(即,纤维)的长度通常为至少1、2或3cm,并且通常不大于15cm。在一些实施例中,纤维的长度不大于10、9、8或7cm。
短纤维幅材可通过本领域中描述的各种工艺(例如,气流成网和湿法成网工艺)来制备。在湿法成网工艺中,小纤维束被分离并夹带在液体源中,然后通常通过真空源的帮助沉积到形成筛网上。水通常是优选的液体。随机沉积的纤维还可进一步缠结(如,水力缠结),或可利用例如热点粘结、自生粘结、热空气粘结、超声波粘结、针刺、压延、施加喷雾粘合剂等粘结到彼此。
在气流成网工艺中,小纤维束被分离并夹带在气源中,然后通常通过真空源的帮助沉积到形成筛网上。随机取向的纤维然后可利用例如热点粘结、自生粘结、热空气粘结、针刺、压延、喷雾粘合剂等彼此粘结。示例性气流成网工艺在例如US6,808,664和US7,491,354中有所教导;所述专利申请以引用的方式并入本文。这些专利描述了具有齿辊的形成框,所述齿辊在重力使得纤维穿过环形带筛网落下的同时时使纤维共混和混合,并形成相互接合的纤维的幅材。市售的气流成网幅材形成设备是可得自纽约州马西登的兰多机械公司(Rando Machine Corporation,Macedon,NY)的“RandoWebber”成网机。这种类型的气流成网设备使用循环的强制气流来使输入的短纤维随机化并相互接合。与湿法成网非织造幅材相比,气流成网非织造幅材可更有效地制造。
这些方法中的每一种通常可形成随机取向并交织的纤维的三维网,这些纤维在纤维彼此交叉并接触的点处粘结在一起。“随机取向”是指其中纤维基本上不在单一方向上对齐的一组纤维。
在一些实施例中,幅材的热塑性短纤维可热粘结到彼此。热粘结的聚酯纤维在4,769,022中有所描述;所述专利申请以引用的方式并入本文。优选地,短纤维利用粘结剂粘结,包括“软”、“坚韧”的粘结剂(如,努普硬度小于3的粘结剂,例如聚氨酯粘结剂。各种其他粘结剂在WO2010/056836中有所描述;所述专利申请以引用的方式并入本文。
由此形成的统一幅材具有足够的结构完整性以允许幅材被输送、传输或以其他方式处理。
纤维形成大孔的开网;所述大孔由纤维之间的开口限定。幅材的特征在于具有开孔。穿过幅材的长度和深度,孔的大小和取向随机。孔结构通常由随机相交的基本上非线性的纤维形成。纤维在其接触点或粘结点之间通常为非线性的。幅材通常具有高空隙体积,如,40至99%,优选80%至99%的空隙体积。幅材通常为基本上平面幅材,其中孔或“开放空间”贯穿幅材的厚度均匀分布。
短纤维幅材可包括各种功能添加剂,包括例如抗微生物涂层、离子捕获涂层、干燥剂和气味控制颗粒。
幅材的基重通常为至少100gsm、125gsm或150gsm,并且通常不大于800gsm。在一些实施例中,幅材的基重不大于550gsm、500gsm、450gsm、400gsm或350gsm、或300gsm。
幅材通常具有至少3或4mm至约20mm的厚度。在一些实施例中,幅材具有不大于15、14、13、12、11或10mm的厚度。
幅材的密度通常为至少约0.01g/cm3并且不大于约0.10g/cm3。在一些实施例中,幅材具有不大于0.06g/cm3、0.05g/cm3、0.04g/cm3或0.03g/cm3的密度。幅材可具有至少0.01g/cm3、0.015g/cm3或0.02g/cm3的密度。
短纤维幅材优选表现出足够的柔性,其可易控制以在此类幅材用作组装中间体或(如,一次性)吸收制品的流体传输元件时增加舒适性。表征柔性的一个特性是压缩功;即,应力-应变曲线(介于0-90kPa之间)下的总面积。压缩功指示根据US2008/0001431中所描述的式计算的材料的能量吸收特性;所述专利申请以引用的方式并入本文。幅材通常表现出不大于20kJ/m3的压缩功。在一些实施例中,幅材表现出不大于15kJ/m3或10kJ/m3的压缩功。幅材的压缩功通常为至少2或3kJ/m3。在一些实施例中,压缩功不大于9或8kJ/m3。
幅材通常不芯吸。尽管流体不芯吸(即,垂直移动),短纤维幅材可保持流体,从而在测试过程中导致重量增益。例如,非织造幅材可表现出不大于5、4、3、2或1mm的盐水溶液芯吸高度。此类芯吸高度是在不靠近吸收材料的情况下幅材单独的特性。尽管无意于受理论的束缚,推测幅材是由于纤维间隔过远从而无法形成毛细管作用而不芯吸。本文中举例说明的不芯吸幅材通常由疏水性聚合物例如聚烯烃制备。另外,此类不芯吸幅材不含亲水性(如纤维素)纤维和超吸收聚合物。
发现幅材提供快速的流体传输速率(根据实例中描述的测试方法测试)。此类流体传输速率也是在不靠近吸收材料的情况下幅材单独的特性。在一些实施例中,流体传输速率为在4kg重物下不超过15、14、13、12、10、9、8、7、6、5、4或约3秒。在一些实施例中,流体传输速率为在12kg重物下不超过30秒,在一些实施例中,不超过30、25、20、10或约5秒。在一些实施例中,流体传输速率为在24kg重物下不超过60、55、50、40、30或约10秒。
本文所述的短纤维幅材适合用作组装中间体的流体传输部件,例如适合用在(如,一次性)吸收个人卫生制品中。而成品个人卫生制品通常包括介于流体可透过的顶片和流体不可透过的底片之间的靠近吸收(如,芯)材料的流体传输非织造幅材,组装中间体制品缺少成品吸收制品的至少一个必要部件。例如,组装中间体通常缺少流体不可透过的底片和/或流体可透过的顶片。因此,组装中间体可以是成品个人卫生制品的部件。
组装中间体包括如本文所述的与至少一个其他基底结合的短纤维幅材。在一些实施例中,组装中间体包括靠近但未粘结到另一基底的短纤维幅材。例如,幅材可在制造吸收制品的过程中靠近吸收材料设置,从而形成组装中间体。在其它实施例中,组装中间体包括粘结到另一基底的短纤维幅材。例如,幅材可粘结到(如,液体可透过的)载体基底(例如,无纺布或薄纸),以有助于通过传统高速制造处理来处理幅材。在另一个实施例中,单独或与近侧吸收材料结合的短纤维幅材可在至少一个主表面上涂覆有(如,压敏)粘合剂,所述粘合剂被隔离衬片载体基底覆盖。在制造吸收制品的过程中,移除隔离衬片,使粘合剂与吸收制品的另一部件(例如,液体不可透过的底片)接触。在另一个实施例中,与近侧吸收材料结合的短纤维幅材可粘结到载体基底例如无纺布或膜,随后可将其切割成用于吸收制品的片并结合到吸收制品中。
图12示出将短纤维非织造幅材加工成组装中间体的一个示例性方法。参照图12,短纤维幅材40可被输送给设备80,该设备将幅材切割成分立的片并将它们靠近吸收材料90设置。靠近吸收材料的短纤维幅材的组装中间体可在移动带85上输送,该移动带将组装中间体输送给后续的制备操作。另选地,组装中间体可临时或永久地粘结到设置在带上的载体基底。当粘结到载体基底时,此类中间体可被卷绕在卷上,以用作吸收制品的部件。短纤维幅材可粘结到另一基底,例如液体可透过的基底50(如,无纺布、薄纸或流体采集层)。这可(例如)通过用施用装置60将粘合剂施加到基底50并在层合辊隙70中将施加有粘合剂的基底层合到幅材40来实现,如图12中进一步示出的。另选地或者与施加到幅材的(面向顶片的上)主表面的液体可透过的基底(如,无纺布、薄纸或流体采集层)组合,基底可粘结到幅材的相背的(下部的面向底片的)主表面。包括基底例如薄纸可有助于在后续操作中处理幅材。包括基底例如薄纸还可有助于将幅材切割成分立的片以便于利用真空轮型施用装置添加到成品复合吸收构造中,这是一种将分立的材料片切割并放置到另一材料中的常见并已知的方式。在不存在薄纸或其他层以减小幅材的孔隙度和气流的情况下,可能难以利用真空辅助切割和放置操作处理幅材。
当粘结到另一基底时,短纤维幅材(或者更典型地,所述另一基底)可用粘合剂或粘结剂涂覆其表面积的全部或一部分。合适的粘合剂或粘结剂的例子包括乳液、热熔融、可固化、或者溶剂型或压敏粘合剂,包括(甲基)丙烯酸酯基压敏粘合剂,例如美国专利No.Re24,906(Ulrich)中所描述的那些、聚氨酯粘合剂、天然或合成橡胶基粘合剂、环氧树脂粘合剂、可固化粘合剂、酚醛树脂粘合剂等。
本文所述的短纤维非织造幅材适合用作其他吸收制品的流体传输部件,例如适用于防溢出或医疗用途,例如伤口敷料。这些其他吸收制品可包括成品(如,一次性)吸收制品的所有必要部件。因此,这些其他制品可包括靠近吸收(如,芯)材料的流体传输非织造幅材与流体可透过的顶片和/或流体不可透过的底片的结合。
发现短纤维非织造幅材当靠近吸收材料时提供快速的流体(如,盐水溶液)吸收速率。靠近表示非织造幅材的至少一部分与吸收材料直接接触或者非织造幅材材的一部分与吸收材料流体连通,但未直接接触。当非织造幅材流体连通但未直接接触时,非织造幅材与吸收材料之间可存在其他流体可透过的一个或多个基底,例如薄纸层。在一些有利的实施例中,非织造幅材包括第一主表面和基本上平行于第一主表面的第二相背主表面,以及在与第一主表面和第二主表面正交的方向上的厚度。非织造幅材的厚度限定侧向边缘,吸收材料与侧向边缘的至少一部分接触或流体连通。在一些实施例中,非织造幅材的至少两个相背的侧向边缘与吸收材料接触或流体连通。可通过密封另两个相背边缘来使这些边缘为流体不可透过的。在另一个实施例中,非织造幅材的所有侧向边缘与吸收材料接触。
吸收(芯)材料通常为高度吸收材料,包括超吸收聚合物。吸收材料通常包括纤维素纤维与超吸收材料的共混物。一个示例性吸收材料具有约100g/m2至约700g/m2的基重,其被气流成网为纸浆的底层、纸浆和设置在纸浆中的超吸收聚合物的中层、以及包含至少一些纸浆的顶层。吸收材料可具有0.25或0.3g/cc至约0.4g/cc的密度。
吸收材料通常包括至少5或10重量%,优选至少15、20、25或30重量%的超吸收聚合物。超吸收聚合物通常不超过吸收材料的60重量%,在一些实施例中,不超过55、50、45或40重量%。吸收材料的基重可为至少150至200g/m2,通常不超过300或350g/m2。
本领域中已经描述了各种吸收(芯)材料及其制备方法。(参见例如US4,610,678和US6,896,669)。
在一些实施例中,流体吸收速率(根据实例中所描述的测试方法来测量)为在4kg重物下不超过10、9、8、7、6、或约5秒。要注意的是,发现测试的市售产品的流体吸收速率为在4kg重物下约23秒。在一些实施例中,流体吸收速率为在12kg重物下不超过50、40、30、20或15秒。要注意的是,发现测试的市售产品的流体吸收速率为在12kg重物下约98秒。这样的流体吸收性能可通过单次流体测试(100ml的0.9%NaCl水溶液)或至少两次(2-100ml剂量的0.9%NaCl水溶液,间隔时间为2分钟)实现。尽管流体吸收速率是在成品个人卫生制品上测量的,推测顶片和底片对测试结果的影响很小或者没有影响。因此,推测流体吸收速率(根据实例中所描述的测试方法测试)是靠近吸收材料的短纤维幅材的组装中间体的特性。
表征短纤维幅材的流体传输特性的另一特性是纵向流体分布长度(根据实例中所描述的测试方法测试)。在一些实施例中,纵向流体分布长度为在4kg重物下至少100、110、120、130、140、150或160mm。要注意的是,发现测试的市售产品具有85mm的纵向流体分布长度。在一些实施例中,纵向流体分布长度为在12kg重物下至少100、125、150、160、170、180、190或200mm。要注意的是,发现测试的市售产品具有85mm的纵向流体分布长度。
短纤维幅材(例如,当用作组装中间体的流体传输元件时)可具有各种形状,包括对称(点对称、线对称或面对称)或不对称形状。可以想到的幅材形状包括但不限于圆形、椭圆形、正方形、矩形、五边形、六边形、八边形、梯形、截棱锥形、沙漏形、哑铃形、狗骨头形等。边缘和拐角可为直的或倒圆的。边可为弯曲的(凸状或凹状)、渐缩的、扩张的、或成角度的。另外,幅材可包含切割区域,其形成空隙、腔、凹陷、通道或沟槽。在一些实施例中,幅材的形状优选为矩形。无论形状如何,短纤维幅材流体传输元件通常可被限定为具有第一主表面、基本上平行于第一主表面的第二相背主表面、以及在与第一主表面和第二主表面正交的方向上的厚度。
短纤维幅材可包括各种功能添加剂,包括例如抗微生物涂层、离子捕获涂层、干燥剂和气味控制颗粒。
将幅材用作靠近吸收材料的流体传输元件可有各种方式,一些方式示出于图1-9中,并将随后描述。在一些有利的实施例中,短纤维幅材的厚度限定与吸收材料至少部分地流体连通的侧向边缘。在一些实施例中,短纤维幅材的侧向边缘通过直接接触与吸收材料流体连通。在其它实施例中,诸如薄纸层的低吸收层(即,缺乏超吸收聚合物)可存在于短纤维幅材的侧向边缘与吸收材料之间。
在一些有利的实施例中,短纤维幅材被插入吸收材料内,使得基本上所有侧向边缘均与吸收材料流体连通。这种布置方式可具有较快的流体吸收率。然而,纵向流体分布长度可能较小。在其它实施例中,非织造幅材的至少两个相背的侧向边缘与吸收材料接触。例如,短纤维幅材的端部处的侧向边缘可与吸收材料接触。如果短纤维幅材为矩形形状,则端部对应于侧向周边边缘,所述侧向周边边缘限定宽度以及通常长度的一部分。然而,沿着短纤维幅材中心部分的长度的两个相背侧向周边边缘可例如通过密封所述边缘或者通过在这些侧向边缘与相邻吸收材料之间包括流体不可透过的膜而使得流体不可透过,这将参照图7进一步说明。这种布置方式可具有较慢的流体吸收率。然而,纵向流体分布长度可能更大。
包括靠近吸收材料的短纤维幅材(流体传输元件)的组装中间体在结合到(如,一次性)吸收制品中之前还可包括另一基底。(一次性)吸收制品常常包括的常见基底包括顶片、导流层(ADL)和底片。
顶片通常适形的、柔软舒适的,并且对穿着者的皮肤无刺激。另外,顶片为液体可透过的,从而使液体易于穿透其厚度。合适的顶片可由诸如多孔泡沫、网状泡沫、有孔塑料膜、天然纤维(如,木纤维或棉纤维)、合成纤维(如,聚酯纤维或聚丙稀纤维)的许多材料制造而成,或者由天然纤维与合成纤维的组合制造而成。顶片通常为疏水材料,以使穿着者的皮肤相对于吸收材料中的液体隔离。
有许多制造技术可用于制造顶片。顶片可织造、非织造、纺粘、梳理成网等。示例性顶片梳理成网,并热粘结(1.5旦尼尔聚丙烯短纤维)。顶片的基重可在约18至约25克/平方米的范围内。另外,通常,顶片在纵向上的最小干拉伸强度为至少约400克/厘米,在横向上的湿拉伸强度为至少约55克/厘米。导流层(有时也称作“浪涌”层)通常设置在顶片下方,吸收芯上方。导流层通常由织造、非织造或梳理成网的纤维材料构造而成。其被布置用于快速吸收穿过吸收制品的顶片的液体以进行暂时保持(如,充当暂时贮存器),并且按照芯能够吸收的速率将液体转移到下面的吸收芯中以进行最后或持久保持。通常,导流层通过在“x”和“y”平面中使体液铺展于导流层所包围的芯区域上,同时还将流体在“z”方向上输送给吸收芯,来提高吸收制品的“芯吸”。一次性吸收制品中的导流层所使用的市售材料的例子是通风粘结的短纤维、用粘合剂粘结的短纤维以及通过热点粘结的短纤维。
底片是液体不可透过的,通常为塑料薄膜,但也可使用其他l液体不可透过的材料。底片通常为柔性的,这意味着其适形并且将易于适应穿着者身体的大体形状和轮廓。底片防止被吸收和容纳在吸收材料内的渗出物弄湿接触吸收制品的物品(例如,床单和内衣)。一个示例性底片是厚度为约0.012mm(0.5密耳)至约0.051厘米(2.0密耳)的聚乙烯膜。底片可被压印和或糙面精整,以提供更类似布料的外观。另外,底片可以允许蒸汽从吸收构件逸出,同时仍防止渗出物穿过底片。
在典型的一次性吸收制品中,顶片和底片以任何合适的方式关联在一起。通常,在制品的周边通过诸如粘合剂的附接部件或者本领域已知的任何其他附接部件将顶片和底片直接附连到彼此。
图1示出示例性吸收制品200的俯视图,其包括靠近吸收(如,芯)材料280的短纤维幅材流体传输元件260的组装中间体。吸收制品200还包括流体可透过的顶片220、在顶片220下面并与其流体连通的流体可透过的导流层(ADL)240、以及在ADL下面并与其流体连通的短纤维幅材流体传输元件260。吸收(如,芯)材料280通常围绕流体传输元件260。
图2是图11的示例性组装中间体和吸收制品的中心剖视图。短纤维幅材流体传输元件260包括例如通过直接接触与吸收(芯)部分280a流体连通的侧向边缘261以及例如通过直接接触与吸收(芯)部分280b流体连通的侧向边缘262。
图3-6和图9示出包括靠近吸收材料380、480、580、680和880的流体传输元件360、460、560、660和860的其他示例性组装中间体的剖视图,所述中间体被结合到吸收制品中。在图3-6和图9的每一个剖视图中,短纤维幅材流体传输元件的厚度限定侧向边缘361、362;461、462;561、562;661、662;861、862,所述侧向边缘例如通过直接接触与吸收材料流体连通。
在图2、图4-6和图9的示例性实施例中,短纤维幅材流体传输元件260、460、560、660和860的相背主表面与流体不可透过的底片元件290、490、590、690、890直接接触。任选地,薄纸层(未示出)可存在于流体不可透过的底片元件290、490、590、690、890与短纤维幅材流体传输元件260、460、560、660和860之间。此类薄纸可直接附接到流体传输元件以帮助处理。在图2、图4-6和图9所示的实施例中,在流体不可透过的底片元件290、490、590、690、890与短纤维幅材流体传输元件260、460、560、660和860之间不存在高度吸收(芯)材料(即,包括超吸收性聚合物)。
图3是结合到吸收制品300中的另一示例性组装中间体的中心剖视图。此实施例包括流体可透过的顶片320、在顶片320下面并与其流体连通的流体可透过的导流层(ADL)340、以及在ADL下面并与其流体连通的短纤维幅材流体传输元件360。短纤维幅材流体传输元件360包括例如通过直接接触与吸收(芯)材料380流体连通的侧向边缘361和362。与图2、图4-6和图9所示的实施例不同,在此实施例中,短纤维幅材流体传输元件360的相背(底部)主表面363与吸收芯材料380接触。因此,在液体不可透过的底片390与短纤维幅材流体传输元件360之间存在一层高度吸收(芯)材料380。在此实施例中,例如,与吸收芯材料380流体连通的短纤维幅材流体传输元件360的表面积可大于图2。
图4是结合到示例性吸收制品400中的另一组装中间体的中心剖视图。此实施例包括流体可透过的顶片420、在顶片420下面并与其流体连通的流体可透过的导流层(ADL)440、以及在ADL下面并与其流体连通的短纤维幅材流体传输元件460。短纤维幅材流体传输元件460包括与吸收材料部分480a流体连通的侧向边缘461以及与吸收材料部分480b流体连通的侧向边缘462(例如,通过与吸收(芯)材料480直接接触)。在此实施例中,短纤维幅材流体传输元件460具有三角形横截面,三角形的一个顶点与液体不可透过的底片490接触。在此实施例中,短纤维幅材流体传输元件460的侧向边缘461和462的表面积可大于具有矩形横截面的短纤维幅材(例如图2所示)的侧向边缘的表面积。
图5是结合到吸收制品500中的另一示例性组装中间体的中心剖视图。此实施例包括流体可透过的顶片520、在顶片520下面并与其流体连通的流体可透过的导流层(ADL)540、以及在ADL下面并与其流体连通的短纤维幅材流体传输元件560。短纤维幅材流体传输元件560包括分别与吸收材料部分580a和580b流体连通的侧向边缘561和562(例如,通过与吸收(芯)材料580直接接触)。在此实施例中,短纤维幅材流体传输元件560具有T形横截面,底面与底片590接触。
图6是结合到吸收制品600中的另一示例性组装中间体的中心剖视图。此实施例包括流体可透过的顶片620、在顶片620下面并与其流体连通的流体可透过的导流层(ADL)640、以及在ADL下面并与其流体连通的短纤维幅材流体传输元件660。短纤维幅材流体传输元件660包括分别与吸收材料部分680a和680b流体连通的侧向边缘661和662(例如,通过与吸收(芯)材料680直接接触)。在此实施例中,短纤维幅材流体传输元件660具有倒T形横截面,底面与底片690接触。
图7是结合到吸收制品700中的另一示例性组装中间体的中心剖视图。此实施例包括流体可透过的顶片720、在顶片720下面并与其流体连通的流体可透过的导流层(ADL)740、以及在ADL下面并与其流体连通的短纤维幅材流体传输元件760。短纤维幅材流体传输元件760包括侧向边缘761和762以及与液体不可透过的(如,膜)层795接触的底边缘763,层795在两个侧向边缘和相背(底)表面上包围短纤维幅材流体传输元件760。在一些实施例中,此液体不可透过的(如,膜)层的长度与流体传输非织造幅材相同。在其它实施例中,此液体不可透过的(如,膜)层可具有较短的长度,并且仅存在于制品的中心区域(约50%)处。在此实施例中,流体传输非织造幅材(在横截面中)的端部处的制品可具有与图2相同的外观。
图8示出结合到吸收制品800中的另一示例性组装中间体的俯视图,其包括流体可透过的顶片820、在顶片820下面并与其流体连通的流体可透过的导流层(ADL)840、以及在ADL下面并与其流体连通的短纤维幅材流体传输元件860。吸收(如,芯)材料880通常围绕流体传输元件860。
图9是图8的组装中间体和吸收制品的中心剖视图。如图9最佳示出的,此实施例还包括空隙850(气隙)。短纤维幅材流体传输元件860通常有足够的弹性,使得气隙保持适度压缩。
在一些实施例中,流体传输元件(如,图1的260)具有延伸超过ADL的长度(即,最长尺寸)的尺寸(如,长度)。在此类实施例中,流体传输元件也可例如通过直接接触与顶片流体连通。另选地,流体传输元件260的尺寸可被选择为使得流体传输元件260的第一主表面与ADL接触,但不与顶片接触。
组装中间体或吸收制品还可在ADL与流体传输元件之间包括一个或多个薄纸层。此类薄纸层通常不像包含超吸收聚合物的吸收(如,芯)材料那样是“高度吸收的”。
本发明通过以下非限制性实例示出。
非织造幅材制备
实施1-3
通过将约80重量%的15旦尼尔聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)短纤维(36mm切割长度,10卷曲/英寸)与约20重量%的6旦尼尔PET短纤维(42mm切割长度,10卷曲/英寸)共混来制备实例1-2的非织造幅材。在连续幅材形成工艺中,利用兰多制网机(商购自纽约州马西登的兰多机械公司)将非织造幅材气流成网。通过凹面涂布工艺将聚氨酯粘结剂施加到幅材,通过使幅材首先穿过设定为143℃的热空气烘箱,然后穿过设定为171℃的热空气烘箱来使涂布有粘结剂的幅材干燥并固化。平均聚氨酯干燥涂层重量对于实例1为86gsm,对于实例2为146gsm。
由平均纤维直径为250微米并且切割长度为150mm的3维螺旋卷曲的PET短纤维(可得自荷兰福伦丹的沃禾公司(Enkev Company,Volendam,Netherlands))制备实例3的非织造幅材。纤维以直径为约10mm并且长度为约20mm的螺旋弹簧的形状形成。在连续幅材形成工艺中,利用SPIKE机(商购自丹麦哈瑟拉格的成形纤维公司(FormFiber NV,Hasselager,Denmark))将非织造幅材气流成网。SPIKE机以及在形成气流成网幅材时使用SPIKE机的方法的细节在美国专利7,491,354和6,808,664中有所描述。利用气流式喷枪将聚氨酯粘结剂施加到幅材的一个表面上。通过使涂布有粘合剂的幅材穿过设定为135℃的热空气烘箱来使其干燥并固化,从而得到150gsm的平均干燥粘结剂涂层重量。然后,穿过设定为135℃的压延烘箱输送幅材。将形成的幅材翻转,利用气流式喷枪将聚氨酯粘结剂施加到幅材的相背表面上。重复如上所述的涂布有粘结剂的幅材的干燥、固化和压延工艺,从而得到以150gsm的平均干燥涂层重量施加的第二聚氨酯涂层。
在表1中,针对实例1-3列出平均纤维直径(微米)、幅材基重(gsm)、幅材厚度(mm)和幅材密度(g/cm3)的测量值。
表1.气流成网非织造幅材
压缩率
测量压缩幅材所需的能量。在恒温(23℃±2℃)和相对湿度(50%±5%)下进行所有测试。至少在测试之前24小时使所有材料和设备在这些条件下平衡。使用配有用于数据记录的计算机以及所需负载范围的通用恒定速率延伸张力测试仪(可得自马萨诸塞州坎顿市的英斯特朗工程公司(Instron Engineering Corporation,Canton,MA)的4200、4500或5500系列)。仪器夹头速度被设定为200mm/分钟,所使用的校准负荷传感器额定为500N。将非织造幅材的成品样品切割成3英寸直径的圆形,利用数字手持卡尺测量厚度。针对各样品使用三份新材料,作为记录值的平均值列出数据。
Instron仪器配有平行对准的两个压缩台板(6英寸直径),一个台板附接到用作基座的下夹具,一个附接到用作施加压缩力的移动活塞的上夹具。使台板接触,并在仪器上将夹具间隙尺寸设定为零。然后,将台板拉开至等于样品厚度的距离。将标距重新设定为零,然后手动进一步推开微小距离以允许放置样品。将样品放置在下台板上,使顶台板返回到零位置抵靠样品。然后,压缩样品,自动记录1、5、10、20、40、60和100kPa的压缩应力(kPa)下的压缩率(应变百分比)(表2)。计算绘制的应力-应变曲线(介于0-90kPa)下的面积,并作为压缩功(WOC)以kJ/m3为单位列出。
表2.气流成网非织造幅材的压缩率数据
芯吸高度
将浅铝盘用盐水溶液(0.9%NaCl水溶液)填充至12.7mm的深度。为了提高可视性,用红色食用色素将盐水溶液染色。将实例1的测试样品以及比较例A1-A3制备为25.4mm×152.4mm带。比较例A1是从六号婴儿尿布(以商品名“HUGGIES LITTLE MOVERS”商购自威斯康星州尼纳的金佰利公司(Kimberly Clark Corporation,Neenah,WI))获得的导流层(ADL)。ADL是3mm厚的非织造幅材,平均基重为106gsm,平均纤维直径为30微米。比较例A2是从成人失禁衬垫(以商品名“TENASERENITY”商购自宾夕法尼亚州费城的SCA个人用品公司(SCAPersonal Products,Philadelphia,PA))获得的吸收芯。吸收芯是粘结、气流成网的材料,包含夹在两片薄纸之间的纤维素纤维和超吸收聚合物。吸收芯为5mm厚,平均基重为440gsm。比较例A3是商购自金佰利公司的“WYPALL L30”非织造薄纸。将夹具附接到各样品的窄端,并将样品从设置在托盘上方的支撑物单独悬挂。样品被取向成使得它们垂直于托盘定位,并且浸入盐水溶液中以使得样品的自由端触摸到托盘的底部。在环境温度下,将样品保持在盐水溶液中达60分钟。将样品从盐水溶液中取出,用尺子测量盐水溶液在各样品中移动的距离(表3)。随后,通过将样品悬挂在空气中达五分钟来使样品沥干,然后称重。得自幅材所保存的流体的重量增益百分比列于表3中。
表3
盐水溶液移动的距离(mm) | 重量增益百分比 | |
实例1 | 0.0 | 300% |
比较例A1 | 9.5 | 121% |
比较例A2 | 76.2 | 912% |
比较例A3 | 127 | 450% |
流体传输速率
在施加压缩力和未施加压缩力的情况下测量实例1-3的非织造幅材的流体传输速率。将非织造幅材的圆形样品(75mm直径)置于两个树脂玻璃板(20.3cm×20.3cm)之间。穿过顶板的中心切出15mm直径的孔。将锥形玻璃漏斗(13mm内径杆)置于孔中,以使得漏斗杆与顶板的底部齐平。将最少量的ParafilmTMM(伊利诺伊州芝加哥的佩希内塑料包装公司(Pechiney Plastic Packaging,Chicago,IL))缠绕在杆上,以便实现漏斗杆与板中的孔之间的牢固、不泄露的密封。附接有漏斗的顶板重为427g。将非织造幅材样品设置为使得顶板中的孔位于非织造幅材样品的中心的正上方。为了提供压缩力,按照前提条件是总重量(在增加0-24千克的范围内)在顶部表面上均匀分布的模式向顶板增加单独的砝码。通过将盐水溶液(100mL的0.9%NaCl水溶液)快速添加到漏斗并测量所有流体进入幅材所需的时间来确定在不同的压缩力(0-24kg)下幅材的流体传输速率。为了提供可视性,用红色食用色素将盐水溶液染色。表4中呈现了从实例1-3制备的幅材样品的结果。
表4
NT=未测试
成人失禁衬垫中的流体吸收速率和流体分布
使用测量幅材样品的流体传输速率的上述测试设备和测试方法来测量成人失禁衬垫的流体吸收速率和流体分布,所述流体吸收速率和流体分布通过将衬垫的吸收芯部分替换成非织造幅材样品而修改。吸收芯的整个厚度的中心部分被移除,将短纤维幅材插入来代替移除的吸收芯,使得幅材的一个主表面与顶片或导流层(ADL)接触,幅材的相背主表面与底片接触,与幅材的厚度对应的侧向边缘与吸收芯接触。用作测试制品的成人失禁衬垫的例子是本领域技术人员所熟知的,先前已在美国专利No.5,019,065(Scripps)、美国专利No.6,509,513(Glaug)、美国专利No.4,834,735(Alemany)和美国专利No.4,610,678(Weisman)中有所描述。典型的成人失禁衬垫测试制品由顶片;底片;位于顶片和底片之间的吸收芯元件;以及位于吸收芯元件与顶片之间的任选的ADL。顶片和底片的边缘附接以形成密封。测试衬垫的总尺寸在约26-31cm(长度)×9-11cm(宽度)×3-10mm(厚度)的范围内。测试衬垫的总重量在约11-26g的范围内。
顶片是基重为约27-37gsm的液体可透过的聚丙烯无纺布。底片是厚度为约0.5-2.0密耳的液体不可透过的聚乙烯膜。吸收芯部件由纤维素纤维(约70-80重量%)和超吸收聚合物(约20-30重量%)的混合物构成。吸收芯元件的尺寸在约24-29cm(长度)×7-9cm(宽度)×3-10mm(厚度)的范围内。衬垫中的吸收芯的量在约8-25克的范围内。被移除以插入非织造幅材的吸收芯的量在约1.5-3.5g的范围内。在插入了非织造幅材部件的衬垫的实例中,衬垫被重新组装,但开放边缘区域没有重新密封。任选的ADL是基重为约50-150gsm的薄纸或非织造层。ADL的尺寸在约17-31cm(长度)×4-8cm(宽度)的范围内。
将失禁衬垫设置在测试设备中,以使得衬垫的顶片面向上板(底片搁置在下板上),并且衬垫相对于玻璃顶板中的孔保持居中。各测试中所使用的盐水溶液的量为75mL。
通过将盐水溶液快速添加到漏斗并测量所有流体进入衬垫所需的时间来确定在不同的压缩力(0-24kg)下衬垫的流体吸收速率。通过将衬垫从设备上取下并测量液体在衬垫中移动的总纵向距离(mm)来确定各衬垫中的液体的纵向分布。通过将整个测试设备初始置于盘中来测量液体从衬垫的渗漏(克)。将测试过程中从衬垫渗漏的任何液体收集在盘中,回收,然后称重。结果示于表5-7中。
实例4
通过用手移除吸收芯的30mm×120mm部分(在衬垫的侧向横截面方向上均保持居中),并用1.1g实例2的样品填充后续空隙来修改TENASERENITY成人失禁衬垫(可得自宾夕法尼亚州费城的SCA个人用品公司)。在填充空隙之后,通过将衬垫的原始顶片和导流层重新定位来重新组装衬垫。在此构型中,从漏斗输送来的流体穿过顶片和ADL,然后流入插入的非织造幅材中(在没有首先接触非织造幅材的情况下接触吸收芯的流体仅为忽略不计的量)。针对各个测试条件重复使用实例1的幅材样品。在各测试之间,将幅材样品从润湿的衬垫移除,吸干,然后重新插入新(干燥)衬垫的空隙中。
实例5
通过用手移除吸收芯的30mm×120mm部分(在衬垫的侧向横截面方向上均保持居中),并用2.9g实例3的样品填充后续空隙来修改TENASERENITY成人失禁衬垫(可得自宾夕法尼亚州费城的SCA个人用品公司)。在填充空隙之后,通过重新定位衬垫的原始顶片和导流层来重新组装衬垫。在此构型中,从漏斗输送来的流体穿过顶片和ADL,然后流入插入的非织造幅材中(在没有首先接触非织造幅材的情况下接触吸收芯的流体仅为忽略不计的量)。针对各个测试条件重复使用实例3的幅材样品。在各测试之间,将幅材样品从润湿的衬垫移除,吸干,然后重新插入新(干燥)衬垫的空隙中。
比较例B
比较例B是未修改的TENA SERENITY成人失禁衬垫。
表5
表6
表7
Claims (35)
1.一种组装中间体,包括靠近吸收材料的非织造幅材;其中所述非织造幅材包括平均直径为20至500微米的多个粘结的短纤维,并且所述非织造幅材具有3至20mm的厚度,0.01至0.10g/cm3范围内的密度,和不大于20kJ/m3的压缩功,并且其中所述非织造幅材表现出不大于5mm的盐水溶液芯吸高度。
2.根据权利要求1所述的组装中间体,其中所述非织造幅材是热塑性非织造幅材。
3.根据权利要求1所述的组装中间体,其中所述短纤维具有不大于200微米的平均直径。
4.根据权利要求1所述的组装中间体,其中所述短纤维具有不大于100微米的平均直径。
5.根据权利要求1所述的组装中间体,其中所述非织造幅材具有不大于15kJ/m3的压缩功。
6.根据权利要求5所述的组装中间体,其中所述非织造幅材具有不大于10kJ/m3的压缩功。
7.根据权利要求1所述的组装中间体,其中所述非织造幅材具有100gsm至400gsm范围内的基重。
8.根据权利要求1所述的组装中间体,其中所述非织造幅材具有小于300gsm的基重。
9.根据权利要求1所述的组装中间体,其中所述非织造幅材具有3至10mm的厚度。
10.根据权利要求1所述的组装中间体,其中所述非织造幅材具有0.02至0.10g/cm3范围内的密度。
11.根据权利要求10所述的组装中间体,其中所述非织造幅材具有0.02至0.05g/cm3范围内的密度。
12.根据权利要求1所述的组装中间体,其中所述非织造幅材表现出不大于4mm的盐水溶液芯吸高度。
13.根据权利要求1所述的组装中间体,其中所述非织造幅材表现出不大于3mm的盐水溶液芯吸高度。
14.根据权利要求1所述的组装中间体,其中所述非织造幅材表现出不大于2mm的盐水溶液芯吸高度。
15.根据权利要求1所述的组装中间体,其中所述非织造幅材表现出不大于1mm的盐水溶液芯吸高度。
16.根据权利要求1所述的组装中间体,其中所述非织造幅材不含亲水性纤维和超吸收聚合物。
17.根据权利要求1所述的组装中间体,其中所述非织造幅材表现出选自以下项的流体传输速率特性中的任一个或组合:
在4kg重物下不大于15秒的流体传输速率;
在12kg重物下不大于30秒的流体传输速率;以及
在24kg重物下不大于60秒的流体传输速率。
18.根据权利要求1所述的组装中间体,其中所述非织造幅材包括第一主表面和基本上平行于所述第一主表面的第二相背主表面,以及在与所述第一主表面和所述第二相背主表面正交的方向上的厚度;其中所述厚度限定侧向边缘,并且所述吸收材料与至少一个侧向边缘接触。
19.根据权利要求18所述的组装中间体,其中所述非织造幅材的至少两个相背侧向边缘与所述吸收材料接触。
20.根据权利要求18所述的组装中间体,其中所述非织造幅材的所有所述侧向边缘均与所述吸收材料接触。
21.根据权利要求18所述的组装中间体,其中所述非织造幅材的两个相背侧向边缘是流体不可透过的。
22.根据权利要求1所述的组装中间体,其中所述吸收材料包括纤维素纤维和超吸收聚合物。
23.根据权利要求2所述的组装中间体,其中所述热塑性非织造幅材和/或所述吸收材料设置在基底上。
24.根据权利要求1所述的组装中间体,其中所述组装中间体表现出选自以下项的流体吸收速率特性中的任一个或组合:
在4kg重物下不大于10秒的流体吸收速率;以及
在12kg重物下不大于30秒的流体吸收速率。
25.根据权利要求1所述的组装中间体,其中所述组装中间体表现出选自以下项的纵向流体分布长度特性中的任一个或组合:
在4kg重物下至少100mm的纵向流体分布长度;以及
在12kg重物下至少100mm的纵向流体分布长度。
26.根据权利要求24所述的组装中间体,其中所述组装中间体通过一次或两次流体冲击表现出所述流体吸收速率特性。
27.根据权利要求25所述的组装中间体,其中所述组装中间体通过一次或两次流体冲击表现出所述纵向流体分布长度特性。
28.根据权利要求1所述的组装中间体,其中所述组装中间体表现出选自以下项的流体吸收速率特性中的任一个或组合:
在4kg重物下不大于10秒的流体吸收速率;以及
在12kg重物下不大于30秒的流体吸收速率;和
选自以下项的纵向流体分布长度特性中的任一个或组合:
在4kg重物下至少100mm的纵向流体分布长度;以及
在12kg重物下至少100mm的纵向流体分布长度。
29.一种吸收制品,包括权利要求1-28中任一项所述的吸收组装中间体,其中所述制品不是个人卫生制品。
30.根据权利要求29所述的吸收制品,其中所述非织造幅材是热塑性非织造幅材,所述热塑性非织造幅材的第一主表面的至少一部分与顶片或流体导流层流体连通。
31.根据权利要求29所述的吸收制品,其中所述非织造幅材是热塑性非织造幅材,所述热塑性非织造幅材的第二相背主表面的至少一部分与流体不可透过的底片接触。
32.根据权利要求30所述的吸收制品,其中薄纸层存在于所述热塑性非织造幅材与所述吸收材料、或所述顶片、或所述流体导流层、或其组合之间。
33.根据权利要求31所述的吸收制品,其中薄纸层存在于所述热塑性非织造幅材与所述吸收材料、或所述底片、或其组合之间。
34.根据权利要求29所述的吸收制品,其中所述吸收制品是伤口敷料。
35.根据权利要求29所述的吸收制品,其中所述吸收制品用于医疗用途。
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2012
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- 2012-11-19 EP EP12795697.7A patent/EP2785299B1/en active Active
- 2012-11-19 CN CN201610570108.3A patent/CN106214355A/zh active Pending
- 2012-11-19 BR BR112014013072A patent/BR112014013072A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2012-11-19 JP JP2014544775A patent/JP2015500056A/ja not_active Ceased
- 2012-11-19 WO PCT/US2012/065801 patent/WO2013081879A1/en active Application Filing
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2016
- 2016-09-14 US US15/265,106 patent/US20170000665A1/en not_active Abandoned
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CN103957851A (zh) | 2014-07-30 |
US20170000665A1 (en) | 2017-01-05 |
JP2015500056A (ja) | 2015-01-05 |
BR112014013072A2 (pt) | 2017-06-13 |
WO2013081879A1 (en) | 2013-06-06 |
US9498384B2 (en) | 2016-11-22 |
EP2785299A1 (en) | 2014-10-08 |
US20130143020A1 (en) | 2013-06-06 |
CN106214355A (zh) | 2016-12-14 |
EP2785299B1 (en) | 2022-03-09 |
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