CN103947320A - Tree planting method and tree planting structure in coastal saline and alkaline area - Google Patents
Tree planting method and tree planting structure in coastal saline and alkaline area Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a tree planting method and a tree planting structure in a coastal saline and alkaline area. The tree planting method comprises the steps of building a cofferdam, arranging a lifting layer, carrying out salt pressing and alkali discharging on the lifting layer, digging planting holes, paving waterproof geotechnical cloth, paving a broken stone water filter layer, paving a straw curtain water filter layer, backfilling planting soil and planting trees. According to the tree planting method disclosed by the invention, after the steps and measures are comprehensively adopted, the salt returning period of saline and alkali soil can be slowed down, good conditions are created for the surviving and the growth of the trees due to the soil fertility of the planting soil, and a greenery landscape can be easily formed after the trees are planted; since the terrain is lifted, saline and alkaline original soil is relatively reduced, alkali discharging pipes are not needed to be paved in specific construction, the period of salt discharging and alkali controlling is reduced, and the cost is reduced. The tree planting method and the tree planting structure, disclosed by the invention, are suitable for being popularized and applied in a greening process of the coastal saline and alkaline area.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to beach saline land and administer technical field, relate in particular to a kind of beach saline land tree planting method and planting of plants structure.
Background technology
Beach saline land causes soil comparatively barren because salt alkali content is high, originally landforms only have the growth of minority Salt And Alkali Tolerance grass, and mostly be self-sow, manual inseminating trees are less, a small amount of trees of original Salt And Alkali Tolerance grass and manual inseminating are due to weather, soil reason, can not form good Afforestation Landscape, landscape structure is comparatively single, and ornamental value is lower.And the river course of coastal region often silts up seriously, weedy, water is seriously polluted, and soil property is poor, and general ornamental trees and shrubs are difficult to normal growth.
At present, improving the conventional method of this present situation mainly contains raised fields and changes that alkali, hidden pipe row alkali, french drain row alkali, zanjon bar field change alkali, water pumping of the wind-force changes alkali etc., but these several Saline-alkali Field Control method ubiquity costs are higher, and operation is loaded down with trivial details, need expend the problem of a large amount of human and material resources.
Summary of the invention
A technical problem to be solved by this invention is: a kind of beach saline land tree planting method is provided, to solve traditional problem that the salt discharge solodization existing cycle of mode is long, cost is high, and improves the survival rate of trees.
Another technical problem to be solved by this invention is: a kind of beach saline land planting of plants structure is provided.
For solving the above-mentioned technical problem about beach saline land tree planting method, technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of beach saline land tree planting method, comprises the following steps:
A. build cofferdam: on saline land, build cofferdam;
B. arrange and raise layer: with slush pump, from the river bed of outside, described cofferdam, extract mud, and by the sludge pumping extracting the saline and alkaline original soil surface to inside, described cofferdam, through airing, shakeout, raise layer described in formation;
C. press salt row alkali: the described layer of raising is pressed to salt row alkaline treatment;
D. excavate plantation hole: in described cofferdam inner excavated plantation hole;
E. lay waterproof geotextiles: on the internal perisporium in described plantation hole, lay waterproof geotextiles, it is suitable for reading concordant that at least cheat with described plantation the top of described waterproof geotextiles, concordant at the bottom of the hole in the following and described plantation hole of described waterproof geotextiles;
F. lay rubble drainage layer: rubble drainage layer is laid in the bottom in described plantation hole;
G. lay straw curtain drainage layer: above described rubble drainage layer, lay straw curtain drainage layer, described straw curtain is setting up and down has the straw of at least two-layer, adjacent two-layer straw curtain to be cross-shaped;
H. backfill planting soil: to backfill planting soil in described plantation hole, the salt content of described planting soil is less than 2.5%, and pH value is not higher than 8.5; Described planting soil is puddled and is formed by the weight ratio of 6:3-6:4 by sand loam and humus soil;
I. the trees of planting: the trees of planting in described planting soil.
In technique scheme, preferably, also comprise and build retaining ridge step, after described step I, trees, corresponding to the position of upper in described plantation hole, build overhead retaining ridge around.
In technique scheme, preferably, the particle diameter of described rubble drainage layer is 2-4cm.
In technique scheme, preferably, in described step g, described straw curtain is setting up and down three layers, and the straw of every adjacent two-layer straw curtain is cross-shaped.
In technique scheme, preferably, the big up and small down trapezoidal shape in vertical section in described plantation hole.
For solving the above-mentioned technical problem about beach saline land planting of plants structure, technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of beach saline land planting of plants structure, comprise: the layer of raising that is arranged on saline and alkaline original soil surface, described raise layer or raise on layer and saline and alkaline original soil, be provided with plantation and cheat, on the internal perisporium in described plantation hole, be equipped with waterproof geotextiles, it is suitable for reading concordant that at least cheat with described plantation the top of described waterproof geotextiles, concordant at the bottom of the hole in the following and described plantation hole of described waterproof geotextiles; Bottom in described plantation hole is equipped with rubble drainage layer; Above described rubble drainage layer, be equipped with straw curtain drainage layer, described straw curtain is setting up and down has the straw of at least two-layer, adjacent two-layer straw curtain to be cross-shaped; The top backfill of described straw curtain drainage layer is useful on the planting soil of the trees of planting.
In technique scheme, preferably, corresponding to the position of upper in described plantation hole, built overhead retaining ridge.
In technique scheme, preferably, the particle diameter of described rubble drainage layer is 2-4cm.
In technique scheme, preferably, described straw curtain is setting up and down three layers, and the straw of every adjacent two-layer straw curtain is cross-shaped.
In technique scheme, preferably, the big up and small down trapezoidal shape in vertical section in described plantation hole.
Owing to having adopted technique scheme, beach saline land tree planting method of the present invention, comprise build cofferdam, arrange raise layer, to raising lamination salt row alkali, excavate plantation hole, lay waterproof geotextiles, lay rubble drainage layer, laying straw curtain drainage layer, backfill planting soil and the trees step of planting; Raise the setting of layer and raised the physical features in cofferdam, saline and alkaline original soil is reduced relatively, raise layer because having passed through airing and having pressed salt row alkaline treatment, salt alkali content significantly reduces, and is convenient to trees survival and growth; Plantation is laid waterproof geotextiles in hole, plays the saline and alkaline effect of isolation, can prevent that the saline and alkaline horizontal infiltration in the salt affected soil of outside, plantation hole from entering in plantation hole; The rubble drainage layer arranging and straw curtain drainage layer play and on vertical, prevent from below plantation hole returning the effect in plantation hole on saline and alkaline in salt affected soil, while is convenient to again water or rainwater precipitation passes through to infiltrate and plant soil below hole under rubble drainage layer and straw curtain drainage layer, prevent because of the excessive formation damage caused by waterlogging of the water yield, the straw of adjacent two-layer straw curtain is cross-shaped layout can also improve its bearing capacity, better the planting soil of carrying top; The planting soil of trees of planting is puddled and is formed by the weight ratio of 6:3-6:4 by sand loam and humus soil, the planting soil of this component and proportioning had not only improved the fertilizer of soil but also had strengthened the permeability of soil, the salt content of planting soil is less than 2.5% simultaneously, pH value, not higher than 8.5, is all suitable for surviving and growing of trees.The present invention comprehensively takes after above-mentioned steps measure, the accumulation of salt in the surface soil cycle of the salt affected soil that slowed down, the soil fertility of planting soil in addition, surviving and growing and created good condition for trees; Because physical features is raised, saline and alkaline original soil reduces relatively, during Specific construction, needn't re-lay Pipe for draining alkali, has both reduced the cycle of salt discharge solodization, has reduced again cost.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is further non-limitingly described.
Fig. 1 is the cross-sectional schematic that adopts the structure of planting obtaining after the beach saline land tree planting method of the embodiment of the present invention;
In figure: the saline and alkaline original soil of 1-; 2-raises layer; 3-waterproof geotextiles; 4-planting soil; 5-trees; 6-straw curtain drainage layer; 7-rubble drainage layer; 8-retaining ridge.
Embodiment
Shown in figure 1, the beach saline land tree planting method of the embodiment of the present invention, comprises the following steps:
A. build cofferdam: on saline land, the first selected trees region of wanting to plant, then according to the cofferdam method of building of routine, build cofferdam in the surrounding in the trees region of wanting to plant.
B. arrange and raise layer: utilize slush pump to extract mud from the river bed of outside, cofferdam, and by the sludge pumping extracting the surface to the saline and alkaline original soil 1 of inside, cofferdam, by fully airing, shakeout, form and raise layer 2.Raise the setting of layer 2 and raised the physical features in cofferdam, thereby saline and alkaline original soil 1 is reduced relatively, raise layer 2 because having passed through abundant airing, the contained saline and alkaline major part of mud is discharged with drop liquid, therefore the salt alkali content of raising layer 2 significantly reduces, and is conducive to the survival and growth after planting of plants.The concrete thickness of raising layer 2 can be according to different types of trees of planting and different, and generally, arbor species should raise, and shrub can be lower; The seeds that are afraid of saline and alkaline waterlogging should be high, and the seeds of Salt And Alkali Tolerance waterlogging can be lower.
C. press salt row alkali: adopt and initiatively water or routine such as rainfall snowfall presses salt row alkali method to press salt row alkaline treatment to raising layer 2, further discharge raise layers 2 interior contained saline and alkaline.
D. excavate plantation hole: in cofferdam inner excavated plantation hole, size and the degree of depth in plantation hole, according to different types of trees and different.The thicker locust tree of the trunk diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground of take is below excavated plantation hole as example, and the vertical section in plantation hole is preferably up big and down small trapezoidal shape, and the suitable for reading of plantation hole is of a size of 5 meters * 5 meters, and the end, hole is of a size of 3 meters * 3 meters, cheats dark 1.7 meters.The plantation hole of trapezoidal shape can increase follow-up waterproof geotextiles and the contact area of planting hole, and the space that increases plant pit, is convenient to fill more planting soil, is conducive to the survival and growth after planting of plants.
E. lay waterproof geotextiles: on the internal perisporium in plantation hole, lay waterproof geotextiles 3, what wherein the top of waterproof geotextiles 3 at least will be cheated with plantation is suitable for reading concordant, preferably leaves remaining limit, concordant at the bottom of the hole in the following and plantation hole of waterproof geotextiles 3.In the present embodiment, the specification of the waterproof geotextiles 3 of employing: grammes per square metre 500g/ ㎡, 2 meters of fabric widths.Waterproof geotextiles is to using plastic film as antiseepage base material, with the non-woven fabric compounded geotechnological impervious material forming, the erosion of have good effect in acid, alkali, salt, can prevent that the saline and alkaline horizontal infiltration in the salt affected soil of outside, plantation hole from entering in plantation hole, plays the saline and alkaline effect of good isolation.
F. lay rubble drainage layer: lay waterproof geotextiles 3 on the internal perisporium in plantation hole after, in the bottom in plantation hole, lay rubble drainage layer 7, in the present embodiment, preferably the particle diameter of rubble drainage layer 7 is 2-4cm, and thickness is 50cm.Rubble drainage layer 7 plays and on vertical, prevents from below plantation hole returning the effect in plantation hole on saline and alkaline in salt affected soil, is convenient to again water or rainwater precipitation infiltrates below, plantation hole soil for 7 times by rubble drainage layer simultaneously, prevents because of the excessive formation damage caused by waterlogging of the water yield.
G. lay straw curtain drainage layer: above rubble drainage layer 7, lay straw curtain drainage layer 6, this straw curtain drainage layer 6 at least comprises two-layer straw curtain setting up and down, in the present embodiment, be preferably three layers, the straw of every adjacent two-layer straw curtain is cross-shaped, the straw that is bottom and intermediate layer, intermediate layer and top layer is cross-shaped, in the present embodiment, by every laying 1 ㎡, the consumption of three layers of straw curtain is that 4kg calculates total consumption.Straw curtain drainage layer 6 plays and on vertical, prevents from below plantation hole returning the effect in plantation hole on saline and alkaline in salt affected soil, while is convenient to again water or rainwater precipitation passes through rubble drainage layer 7 and straw curtain drainage layer infiltrates soil below plantation hole for 6 times, prevent because of the excessive formation damage caused by waterlogging of the water yield, the straw of adjacent two-layer straw curtain is cross-shaped layout can also improve its bearing capacity, better the planting soil of carrying top.
H. backfill planting soil: after laying straw curtain drainage layer 6, to backfill planting soil 4 in plantation hole, require the salt content of planting soil to be less than 2.5%, pH value is not higher than 8.5; Wherein, planting soil 4 is to be puddled and form by the weight ratio of 6:3-6:4 by sand loam and humus soil.The characteristic of sand loam: though sand content is still quite a lot of, because also containing Shao Liang Silt grain and clay, there is the associativity between grogs, when dry, can become piece, but easily broken, when wet, can feel viscosity, clay component approximately 40%.Humus soil is that the residual leaf of the deadwood of topsoil trees in forest is through forming after putrid fermentation over a long time.The permeability that had not only improved the fertilizer of soil but also strengthened soil by the planting soil of these two kinds of components preparations of sand loam and humus soil.
I. the trees of planting: the Salt And Alkali Tolerance trees 5 such as locust tree, Chinese wax, black pine of planting in planting soil.Also can corresponding to the position of upper in plantation hole, build overhead retaining ridge 8 in the surrounding of trees 5, while building retaining ridge 8, can utilize in passing retaining ridge 8 to push down the remaining limit of waterproof geotextiles 3.The setting on retaining ridge 8, is convenient to the trees after planting to water.
After planting of plants, according to actual conditions, the later stage can be by cofferdam demolition.
Beach saline land tree planting method of the present invention is comprehensively taked after above-mentioned steps measure, slowed down accumulation of salt in the surface soil cycle of salt affected soil, in addition the soil fertility of planting soil, is the surviving and grow and created good condition of trees, is easy to form Afforestation Landscape after planting; Because physical features is raised, saline and alkaline original soil reduces relatively, during Specific construction, needn't re-lay Pipe for draining alkali, has both reduced the cycle of salt discharge solodization, has reduced again cost.
After having implemented the beach saline land tree planting method of the embodiment of the present invention, obtain the beach saline land planting of plants structure shown in Fig. 1, this beach saline land planting of plants structure comprises: be arranged on saline and alkaline original soil 1 surface raise layer 2, on layer 2 and saline and alkaline original soil 1, be provided with plantation hole (when plantation hole is more shallow, plantation hole is positioned at raises layer 2 raising layer 2 or raise; When plantation hole is deeply a little, plantation hole is dug to saline and alkaline former soil layer), on the internal perisporium in this plantation hole, be equipped with waterproof geotextiles 3, suitable for reading concordant (preferably the leaving remaining limit) that wherein at least cheat with plantation the top of waterproof geotextiles 3, concordant at the bottom of the hole in the following and plantation hole of waterproof geotextiles 3; Bottom in plantation hole is equipped with rubble drainage layer 7; Above rubble drainage layer 7, be equipped with straw curtain drainage layer 6, straw curtain is setting up and down has the straw of at least two-layer, adjacent two-layer straw curtain to be cross-shaped; Above straw curtain drainage layer 6, backfill is useful on the planting soil 4 of the trees 5 of planting.
And to the further optimal design of this beach saline land planting of plants structure: the big up and small down trapezoidal shape in vertical section in plantation hole; The particle diameter of rubble drainage layer 7 is 2-4cm; Straw curtain is setting up and down three layers, and the straw of every adjacent two-layer straw curtain is cross-shaped; Corresponding to the position of upper in plantation hole, building overhead retaining ridge 8.
The above is only giving an example of better embodiment of the present invention, and the part of wherein not addressing is in detail those of ordinary skills' common practise.Protection scope of the present invention is as the criterion with the content of claim, and any equivalent transformation carrying out based on technology enlightenment of the present invention, also within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a beach saline land tree planting method, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
A. build cofferdam: on saline land, build cofferdam;
B. arrange and raise layer: with slush pump, from the river bed of outside, described cofferdam, extract mud, and by the sludge pumping extracting the saline and alkaline original soil surface to inside, described cofferdam, through airing, shakeout, raise layer described in formation;
C. press salt row alkali: the described layer of raising is pressed to salt row alkaline treatment;
D. excavate plantation hole: in described cofferdam inner excavated plantation hole;
E. lay waterproof geotextiles: on the internal perisporium in described plantation hole, lay waterproof geotextiles, it is suitable for reading concordant that at least cheat with described plantation the top of described waterproof geotextiles, concordant at the bottom of the hole in the following and described plantation hole of described waterproof geotextiles;
F. lay rubble drainage layer: rubble drainage layer is laid in the bottom in described plantation hole;
G. lay straw curtain drainage layer: above described rubble drainage layer, lay straw curtain drainage layer, described straw curtain is setting up and down has the straw of at least two-layer, adjacent two-layer straw curtain to be cross-shaped;
H. backfill planting soil: to backfill planting soil in described plantation hole, the salt content of described planting soil is less than 2.5%, and pH value is not higher than 8.5; Described planting soil is puddled and is formed by the weight ratio of 6:3-6:4 by sand loam and humus soil;
I. the trees of planting: the trees of planting in described planting soil.
2. beach saline land tree planting method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: also comprise and build retaining ridge step, after described step I, trees, build overhead retaining ridge around corresponding to the position of upper in described plantation hole.
3. beach saline land tree planting method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that: the particle diameter of described rubble drainage layer is 2-4cm.
4. beach saline land tree planting method as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that: in described step g, described straw curtain is setting up and down three layers, and the straw of every adjacent two-layer straw curtain is cross-shaped.
5. beach saline land tree planting method as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that: the big up and small down trapezoidal shape in vertical section in described plantation hole.
6. a beach saline land planting of plants structure, it is characterized in that, comprise: the layer of raising that is arranged on saline and alkaline original soil surface, described raise layer or raise on layer and saline and alkaline original soil, be provided with plantation and cheat, on the internal perisporium in described plantation hole, be equipped with waterproof geotextiles, it is suitable for reading concordant that at least cheat with described plantation the top of described waterproof geotextiles, concordant at the bottom of the hole in the following and described plantation hole of described waterproof geotextiles; Bottom in described plantation hole is equipped with rubble drainage layer; Above described rubble drainage layer, be equipped with straw curtain drainage layer, described straw curtain is setting up and down has the straw of at least two-layer, adjacent two-layer straw curtain to be cross-shaped; The top backfill of described straw curtain drainage layer is useful on the planting soil of the trees of planting.
7. beach saline land planting of plants structure as claimed in claim 6, is characterized in that, corresponding to the position of upper in described plantation hole, has built overhead retaining ridge.
8. the beach saline land planting of plants structure as described in claim 6 or 7, is characterized in that, the particle diameter of described rubble drainage layer is 2-4cm.
9. beach saline land planting of plants structure as claimed in claim 8, is characterized in that, described straw curtain is setting up and down three layers, and the straw of every adjacent two-layer straw curtain is cross-shaped.
10. beach saline land planting of plants structure as claimed in claim 9, is characterized in that, the big up and small down trapezoidal shape in vertical section in described plantation hole.
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