CN112858140B - Method for accurately testing water elevation of soil capillary - Google Patents
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- CN112858140B CN112858140B CN202110310056.7A CN202110310056A CN112858140B CN 112858140 B CN112858140 B CN 112858140B CN 202110310056 A CN202110310056 A CN 202110310056A CN 112858140 B CN112858140 B CN 112858140B
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 102
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 95
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009189 diving Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009933 burial Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000029058 respiratory gaseous exchange Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004836 empirical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for accurately testing the water elevation of a soil capillary. The method comprises the following steps: selecting and leveling a test site, and excavating a large pilot hole; step two: selecting one side wall from the large pilot hole as a test wall, and excavating the small pilot hole; step three: paving a plastic film; step four: water is injected into pilot hole to simulate the underground water level; step five: sampling after quick soil stripping to perform saturation test; step six: and drawing a saturation-depth relation graph, and determining the water elevation value of the soil capillary. The invention has the advantages of accurate test result and convenient operation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of water conservancy and hydropower engineering investigation and geotechnical test, in particular to a method for accurately testing the water elevation of a soil capillary, and more particularly relates to a novel method for obtaining the accurate value of the water elevation of the soil capillary by simulating the submerged groundwater level in a soil body, adopting soil stripping to eliminate adverse factors influencing test results and drawing a saturation-depth relation graph.
Background
The soil capillary water elevation is a key parameter for reservoir submergence evaluation, and plays a role in controlling the submergence range and the hazard degree, so that the soil capillary water elevation test becomes an important work for reservoir engineering geological investigation.
At present, a field pilot hole observation method, an indoor capillary tube instrument method and an empirical formula method are generally adopted for soil capillary tube water elevation test. The field pilot hole observation method lacks theoretical support, the humidity of the pit wall after pilot hole is excavated is easily affected by weather, and the observation force is different from person to person and can only be used as a reference. The indoor test result is more accurate, but the existing indoor test device has the advantages that the capillary water rising height under the action of the negative water head is the maximum value of the capillary water rising height which only considers capillary force and does not consider the capillary water quantity, and is larger than the capillary water rising height in the reservoir immersion sense, so that the existing indoor test result is larger than the actual value. The empirical method is estimated by adopting a formula according to grain composition, and the result is relatively coarse and is only suitable for preliminary immersion evaluation.
In the practice of water conservancy and hydropower engineering, if the test method is adopted to obtain the water elevation of the soil capillary for immersion investigation, the conclusion is not consistent with the actual situation, and the corresponding control scheme is exaggerated or reduced. Especially, based on seemingly accurate capillary water rise indoor test values, from the view of various engineering running states, the prospecting and predicting submerging range and hazard degree are obviously larger, and unnecessary treatment cost is wasted. Therefore, a new method for accurately testing the water elevation of the soil capillary must be studied, and the water elevation is used as a basis for reservoir immersion evaluation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for accurately testing the water elevation of a soil capillary, which is characterized by accurate detection result and convenient operation by simulating the submerged groundwater level in a soil body, adopting soil stripping to eliminate adverse factors affecting test results and drawing a saturation-depth relation graph.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the method for accurately testing the water elevation of the soil capillary is characterized by comprising the following steps of: comprises the following steps of the method,
Step one: selecting and leveling a test site, and excavating a large pilot hole;
Step two: selecting one side wall from the large pilot hole as a test wall, and excavating the small pilot hole;
Step three: paving a plastic film;
step four: water is injected into pilot hole to simulate the underground water level;
step five: sampling after quick soil stripping to perform saturation test;
Step six: and drawing a saturation-depth relation graph, and determining the water elevation value of the soil capillary.
In the technical scheme, the large pilot hole is in a square structure on a plane, the side length of the large pilot hole is 100-150 cm, the construction is convenient, and the excavation workload can be reduced as much as possible; the large pilot hole is of a rectangular structure in section, the large pilot hole excavation depth is related to the soil to be tested, the large pilot hole excavation depth can be 100-150 cm when the soil to be tested is silt, and the large pilot hole excavation depth can be 150-250 cm when the soil to be tested is cohesive soil; compared with the field pilot hole observation method which is generally adopted, the method is simpler in selecting the test field, has larger freedom degree, and does not need to consider that the ground water level is required to be disclosed in the large pilot hole.
In the above technical scheme, in the second step, the test wall may be selected from four pit walls of large pilot hole formed by excavation, and the middle of the bottom of the test wall is excavated inward to form small pilot hole, and the bottom plate of large pilot hole is flush with the bottom plate of small pilot hole; the small pilot hole is in a cube structure, the size is smaller than or equal to 20cm multiplied by 20cm, the construction is convenient, and the excavation workload can be reduced as much as possible.
In the technical scheme, in the third step, plastic films are paved on the bottom plate of the large pilot hole and the lower parts of four pit walls (except the small pilot hole section of the test wall), and the paving height of the pit wall plastic films is 30cm higher than that of the bottom plate; the purpose of the plastic film is to provide a barrier to the large pilot hole, allowing only water to seep to the small pilot hole; the plastic film is integral and is not damaged, and is tightly attached to the bottom plate and the pit wall, so that the seepage-proofing effect is ensured.
In the technical scheme, in the fourth step, water is injected into the large pilot hole paved with the plastic film, the water injection process should be slow as much as possible, so that the water surface stably rises, and the stability of the pit wall is not affected; the water injection surface is 20cm higher than the large pilot hole bottom plate and is level with the small pilot hole top plate, and the water level is kept basically unchanged, so that the stable water level of diving in the soil body is simulated.
In the above technical scheme, in the fifth step, after the soil body of the small pilot hole is fully saturated with water and the rising of the soil capillary water is stopped, stripping the cuboid soil column (such as the shaded part in fig. 1 and 2) with the size of more than pilot hole; the soil stripping speed is high (soil stripping is continuously finished at one time), the stripping direction is from bottom to top, and the humidity state of the test wall is changed by reducing the climate conditions as much as possible; sampling water content samples from top to bottom on fresh test wall surfaces formed by soil stripping, wherein the sampling positions are spaced by 10cm, namely 0.1m, 0.2m, 0.3m, 0.4m, 0.5m, 0.6m, 0.7m, 0.8m, 0.9m, 1.0m, … … and the like below the ground surface are respectively sampled until the top plate is pilot hole; for convenient operation, the water accumulation in the pilot hole can be pumped to be dry before soil stripping; the saturation is rapidly tested by a detection instrument (such as a nuclear densitometer or other instruments) on site, the saturation of the soil is calculated by obtaining the water content and the saturated water content through the test, and a special indoor test is not needed to be carried out by additionally sending samples.
In the above technical solution, in the fifth step, the size of the stripped rectangular soil column is related to the soil to be tested, when the soil to be tested is silty soil, the size of the stripped rectangular soil column may be 20cm×20cm×100cm, and when the soil to be tested is cohesive soil, the size of the stripped rectangular soil column may be 20cm×20cm×200cm.
In the above technical scheme, step six, drawing a relationship graph of saturation to depth according to the depth of the sampling position and the saturation of the corresponding soil sample; according to the research of agricultural departments, the soil layer with the saturation of more than or equal to 80 percent is unfavorable for the respiration and the growth of crop root systems, and the distance between the depth position corresponding to the saturation of 80 percent and the water surface on the saturation-depth relation diagram is the water elevation value H k of a soil capillary.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The method has the advantages that the achievement is accurate and reliable, the reservoir immersion prediction evaluation is matched with the engineering practice by taking the soil capillary water elevation obtained by the method as the basis, and the corresponding control treatment scheme can be compatible with economy and safety.
(2) The operation is convenient, the ground water level burial depth is not needed to be considered in the test site selection, and special materials and special equipment investment are not needed.
The invention relates to a field in-situ test method, wherein the test result is based on the capillary water rising height under the action of a positive water head, and the invention obtains the soil capillary water rising height by the sequential implementation and mutual coordination of the steps, thereby having high test accuracy and reliability (the test result in the embodiment of the invention is basically consistent with the data provided by the local agricultural scientific research department).
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view of an inventive structure;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view in section A-A of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between saturation and depth after the method for accurately testing the water elevation of a soil capillary according to the embodiment of the invention;
fig. 4 is a process flow diagram of the present invention.
In fig. 3, the horizontal axis represents saturation, the unit is the right direction; the vertical axis is depth in meters and the downward direction is positive.
In the figure, 1-plastic film, 2-small pilot hole, 3-large pilot hole, 3.1-test wall.
B in fig. 1 and 2 are both denoted as sampling positions.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the invention is, therefore, not to be taken in a limiting sense, but is made merely by way of example. While making the advantages of the present invention clearer and more readily understood by way of illustration.
Examples
The invention is now described in detail by taking the test of the rising height of the soil capillary water of the project of the irrigation area matched with the Laulo water conservancy junction in the autonomous region of the Tibet as an example, and the test of the rising height of the soil capillary water of the project of the irrigation area matched with the Laulo water conservancy junction in other areas is also guided.
As can be seen with reference to the accompanying drawings: the method for testing the water elevation of the soil capillary in the embodiment comprises the following steps:
Firstly, selecting and leveling a test site, and excavating a large pilot hole; the large pilot hole is in a square structure on a plane, and the side length is 150cm (as shown in figure 1); the large pilot hole is in a rectangular structure on the section, mainly comprises silt, and the excavation depth is 120cm (as shown in figure 2);
Step two, selecting one side wall from the large pilot hole as a test wall 3.1, and excavating a small pilot hole; the test wall 3.1 can be selected from four pit walls of a large pilot hole formed by excavation, a small pilot hole (shown in figures 1 and 2) is excavated inwards in the middle of the bottom of the test wall 3.1, and the bottom plates of the large pilot hole and the small pilot hole are flush; the small pilot hole is in a cube structure, and the size is 20cm multiplied by 20cm;
step three, paving a plastic film;
Cutting the plastic film into a complete square, wherein the size of the plastic film is (150+30 multiplied by 2) cm multiplied by (150+30 multiplied by 2) cm (the size of the plastic film is determined according to the size of the large pilot hole, and when the large pilot hole is the other size, the size of the plastic film is synchronously adjusted to be full-spread on a pilot hole bottom plate and is extended to be adhered to the lower part of the pit wall by 30 cm); the plastic film 1 is tightly attached to a bottom plate of the large pilot hole and four pit walls, the bottom plate is fully paved and is extended and attached to the lower part of the pit walls for 30cm; cutting off the plastic film at the section pilot hole of the test wall 3.1, wherein the size of the cut plastic film is 20cm multiplied by 30cm;
injecting water into the large pilot hole to simulate the underground water level;
Slowly injecting water into the large pilot hole paved with the plastic film, and stably rising the water level, wherein the water level is 20cm higher than the bottom plate of the large pilot hole and is level with the top plate of the small pilot hole, so that the water level is kept basically unchanged, the diving stable water level in the soil body is simulated, and the soil body of the small pilot hole 2 is fully saturated with water and the rising of the soil capillary water is stopped;
Step five, sampling after quick soil stripping to carry out saturation test; the water accumulation in the large pilot hole is pumped and dried by using a bucket, the cuboid columns (such as the shaded parts in fig. 1 and 2) with the size of more than pilot hole 2 are rapidly stripped, the stripping direction is from bottom to top, the size of the stripped cuboid columns is 20cm multiplied by 100cm (the size of the stripped cuboid soil columns is determined according to the soil to be tested, the size of the stripped cuboid soil columns is adjusted according to the soil to be tested, and the stripped cuboid soil columns are proportional to the viscosity of the soil); taking water content samples from top to bottom on fresh test wall surfaces formed by soil stripping, wherein the sampling positions are spaced by 10cm (shown as B in figures 1 and 2) until the water content samples are smaller than pilot hole top plates; the saturation of the soil was calculated by obtaining the water content and the saturated water content by the test in the on-site water content test using a nuclear densitometer, and the saturation of the soil was 7.3%, 11.9%, 23.1%, 46.3%, 76.8%, 83.2%, 87.2%, 91.7%, 94.7% and 99.9% at sampling position intervals of 10cm at positions 0.1m, 0.2m, 0.3m, 0.4m, 0.5m, 0.6m, 0.7m, 0.8m, 0.9m and 1.0m below the ground surface, respectively.
Step six, drawing a saturation-depth relation graph, and determining the water elevation value of the soil capillary (shown in fig. 4); drawing a relation graph (shown in figure 3) between the depth of the sampling position and the saturation of the corresponding soil sample according to the depth of the sampling position; the horizontal axis is saturation, the unit is saturation, and the right direction is positive direction; the vertical axis is depth, the unit is meter, and the downward direction is the positive direction; according to the research of agricultural departments, the soil layer with the saturation of more than or equal to 80 percent is unfavorable for the respiration and growth of crop root systems, and the distance between the depth position corresponding to the saturation of 80 percent and the water surface on a saturation-depth relation chart is the water elevation value H k of a soil capillary; the depth corresponding to the saturation 80% is 0.54m, the simulated groundwater level burial depth is 1.0m, and the soil capillary water elevation value H k = 1.0-0.54 = 0.46m.
Conclusion: compared with a field pilot hole observation method, an indoor capillary tube instrument method and an empirical formula method which are conventionally adopted, the method for accurately testing the water elevation of the soil capillary tube is convenient to operate, the obtained water elevation value of the capillary tube is basically consistent with data provided by local agricultural scientific research departments, and the method for testing the water elevation of the soil capillary tube is high in accuracy and reliable.
In order to more clearly illustrate the advantages of the method for accurately testing the water elevation of the soil capillary, compared with the prior art, the two technical schemes are compared by a worker, and the comparison results are shown in the following table:
Note that: in the table, the result accuracy is a result of comparing the Laulodropsy water conservancy junction and matched irrigation area engineering in the Tibetan autonomous region with the capillary water elevation value provided by the Tibetan day-karst agricultural science research.
As can be seen from the table, compared with the prior art, the method for accurately testing the water elevation of the capillary of the soil has the advantages of higher working efficiency, safe and controllable construction, lower cost and high accuracy of the obtained water elevation value of the capillary.
Other non-illustrated parts are known in the art.
Claims (6)
1. The method for accurately testing the water elevation of the soil capillary is characterized by comprising the following steps of: comprises the following steps of the method,
Step one: selecting and leveling a test site, and excavating a large pilot hole;
Step two: selecting one side wall from the large pilot hole (3) as a test wall (3.1), and digging the small pilot hole (2) on the test wall; digging a small pilot hole (2) inwards in the middle of the bottom of the test wall (3.1); the bottom plate of the large pilot hole (3) is flush with the bottom plate of the small pilot hole (2); the small pilot hole (2) is in a cube structure, and the size is less than or equal to 20cm multiplied by 20cm;
Step three: paving a plastic film (1); spreading a plastic film (1) on the bottom plate and four pit walls of the large pilot hole (3);
Step four: injecting water into the large pilot hole (3) to simulate the groundwater level; the water surface of the water injection is 20cm higher than the bottom plate of the large pilot hole (3) and is level with the top plate of the small pilot hole (2); keeping the water surface height unchanged, and simulating the diving stable water level in the soil body;
Step five: sampling after quick soil stripping to perform saturation test; after the soil body of the small pilot hole (2) is fully saturated with water and the rising of the capillary water of the soil stops, stripping the cuboid soil column above the small pilot hole (2), and rapidly stripping the soil from bottom to top; taking a water content sample from top to bottom on a fresh test wall surface formed by soil stripping until reaching a small pilot hole (2) top plate; pumping and drying the water accumulated in the large pilot hole (3) before stripping the soil; obtaining the water content and the saturated water content through a test to calculate the saturation of the soil;
Step six: drawing a saturation-depth relation graph, and determining the water elevation value of the soil capillary; drawing a relation graph between the sampling position depth and the corresponding soil sample saturation according to the sampling position depth and the corresponding soil sample saturation; and determining the water elevation value H k of the soil capillary as the distance between the depth position corresponding to the saturation 80% and the water surface.
2. The method for accurately testing the water elevation of the soil capillary according to claim 1, wherein: in the first step, the large pilot hole (3) is in a square structure on a plane, and the side length is 100-150 cm;
The large pilot hole (3) is in a rectangular structure in section; the excavation depth of the large pilot hole (3) is determined according to the soil type to be tested: when the soil to be tested is silt, the excavation depth of the large pilot hole (3) is 100-150 cm; when the soil to be tested is cohesive soil, the excavation depth of the large pilot hole (3) is 150-250 cm.
3. The method for accurately testing the water elevation of the soil capillary according to claim 2, wherein: in the third step, the paving height of the large pilot hole (3) pit wall plastic film (1) is 30cm higher than that of the bottom plate;
The plastic film (1) is closely attached to the bottom plate and the pit wall of the large pilot hole (3).
4. A method for accurately testing the water elevation of a soil capillary according to claim 3, wherein: in the fourth step, water is injected into the large pilot hole (3) of the spreading plastic film (1), the water injection process is slow, and the water surface is enabled to rise steadily.
5. The method for accurately testing the water elevation of the soil capillary according to claim 4, wherein: and fifthly, sampling at the position 10cm apart below the ground surface until reaching a small pilot hole (2) top plate.
6. The method for accurately testing the water elevation of the soil capillary according to claim 5, wherein: in the fifth step, the saturation is rapidly tested by a detection instrument on site.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110310056.7A CN112858140B (en) | 2021-03-23 | Method for accurately testing water elevation of soil capillary |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110310056.7A CN112858140B (en) | 2021-03-23 | Method for accurately testing water elevation of soil capillary |
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| CN112858140A CN112858140A (en) | 2021-05-28 |
| CN112858140B true CN112858140B (en) | 2024-06-04 |
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