CN1038829C - 包装机 - Google Patents

包装机 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1038829C
CN1038829C CN94102700A CN94102700A CN1038829C CN 1038829 C CN1038829 C CN 1038829C CN 94102700 A CN94102700 A CN 94102700A CN 94102700 A CN94102700 A CN 94102700A CN 1038829 C CN1038829 C CN 1038829C
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workstation
packing container
conveyer
wrapping machine
blank
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CN1093051A (zh
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O·施塔克
G·德雷夫福斯
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Tetra Laval Holdings and Finance SA
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Tetra Laval Holdings and Finance SA
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/84Specific machine types or machines suitable for specific applications
    • B29C66/849Packaging machines
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/08Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • B29C66/431Joining the articles to themselves
    • B29C66/4312Joining the articles to themselves for making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles, e.g. transversal seams
    • B29C66/43121Closing the ends of tubular or hollow single articles, e.g. closing the ends of bags
    • B29C66/43122Closing the top of gable top containers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/723General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered
    • B29C66/7234General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a barrier layer
    • B29C66/72343General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a barrier layer for liquids
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B29C66/73921General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/82Pressure application arrangements, e.g. transmission or actuating mechanisms for joining tools or clamps
    • B29C66/822Transmission mechanisms
    • B29C66/8226Cam mechanisms; Wedges; Eccentric mechanisms
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/82Pressure application arrangements, e.g. transmission or actuating mechanisms for joining tools or clamps
    • B29C66/822Transmission mechanisms
    • B29C66/8227Transmission mechanisms using springs
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/832Reciprocating joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/8322Joining or pressing tools reciprocating along one axis
    • B29C66/83221Joining or pressing tools reciprocating along one axis cooperating reciprocating tools, each tool reciprocating along one axis
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65BMACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B3/00Packaging plastic material, semiliquids, liquids or mixed solids and liquids, in individual containers or receptacles, e.g. bags, sacks, boxes, cartons, cans, or jars
    • B65B3/02Machines characterised by the incorporation of means for making the containers or receptacles
    • B65B3/025Making parallelepipedal containers from a single carton blank
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65BMACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B43/00Forming, feeding, opening or setting-up containers or receptacles in association with packaging
    • B65B43/26Opening or distending bags; Opening, erecting, or setting-up boxes, cartons, or carton blanks
    • B65B43/30Opening or distending bags; Opening, erecting, or setting-up boxes, cartons, or carton blanks by grippers engaging opposed walls, e.g. suction-operated
    • B65B43/305Opening or distending bags; Opening, erecting, or setting-up boxes, cartons, or carton blanks by grippers engaging opposed walls, e.g. suction-operated specially adapted for boxes, cartons or carton blanks
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65BMACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B59/00Arrangements to enable machines to handle articles of different sizes, to produce packages of different sizes, to vary the contents of packages, to handle different types of packaging material, or to give access for cleaning or maintenance purposes
    • B65B59/04Machines constructed with readily-detachable units or assemblies, e.g. to facilitate maintenance
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/723General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered
    • B29C66/7232General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a non-plastics layer
    • B29C66/72327General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a non-plastics layer consisting of natural products or their composites, not provided for in B29C66/72321 - B29C66/72324
    • B29C66/72328Paper
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8145General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the constructional aspects of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/81463General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the constructional aspects of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps comprising a plurality of single pressing elements, e.g. a plurality of sonotrodes, or comprising a plurality of single counter-pressing elements, e.g. a plurality of anvils, said plurality of said single elements being suitable for making a single joint
    • B29C66/81465General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the constructional aspects of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps comprising a plurality of single pressing elements, e.g. a plurality of sonotrodes, or comprising a plurality of single counter-pressing elements, e.g. a plurality of anvils, said plurality of said single elements being suitable for making a single joint one placed behind the other in a single row in the feed direction
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/84Specific machine types or machines suitable for specific applications
    • B29C66/843Machines for making separate joints at the same time in different planes; Machines for making separate joints at the same time mounted in parallel or in series
    • B29C66/8432Machines for making separate joints at the same time mounted in parallel or in series

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Auxiliary Devices For And Details Of Packaging Control (AREA)
  • Closing Of Containers (AREA)
  • Basic Packing Technique (AREA)
  • Supplying Of Containers To The Packaging Station (AREA)
  • Containers And Plastic Fillers For Packaging (AREA)

Abstract

一种用于生产盛装牛奶,桔汁等液体装料包装容器的包装机,预制的层状纸板和塑料材料筒状包装容器坯料,经过运输机(2,8)供入,沿运输机配置的工作台(16,17,18)和密封、灌装亦在其中,这些工作台是共同控制的,但可单独驱动并可代换,使得包装机适应性强并且结构紧凑。

Description

包装机
本发明为一种用于制造填充和密封包装容器,由环形输送机和沿着它设置的工作站组成的机械。
包装机械领域的趋势表明,倾向于增加高生产率的机械,用来进行迅速连续地大量生产相同或类似的包装容器、例如这种包装容器打算对如牛奶、汁液以及其类似物加以应用。但是,尽管这种包装机械的各种功能按着限制该机械尺寸的目的被极大地集成化,然而空间的需求都不断地增长。例如,该工艺用于牛奶高生产率灌装机械生产的状态具有这样的规模。处于对空间的考虑,代之以需要象两个这种在先工艺模式同样空间那样多的空间。它常常就不能取代低生产率的老机械。此外,从生产率的观点来看,两个较低生产率的机械往往可与一单一模式的高生产率的机械相当。甚至当同时生产不同型式尺寸的包装容器中灌装不同型式的液体装料时能有较高的灵活度。
许多在先制造的包装机械,通常在商业投入使用,用于制造一次性使用的叠层包装、涂塑纤维材料包装,这些材料以平铺坯料形式被供入该包装机械的自动储存送料装置中。每一包装容器坯料被自动储存送料装置运送到一卷筒上,当包装容器的坯料一端被折叠下落时,卷筒用来支撑反面并加以热封,用来形成包装容器中的液密封的底部。然后将坯料置于输送机中。输送机逐渐前进,以便坯料通过顶部成形灌装和顶部密封站。此后(可能在成形之后),以灌装并密封后的包装容器形式被从包装机中卸出。在输送机工序中,这种逐步前进在频率和速度方面实际上受到限制,即如果在输送工序中换位变得太快或不平稳,则处在灌装站和顶部密封站之间位置的包装容器用其液体装料加以灌装,该容器会易于在运动中被定位,并且其液体可溢出包装容器上的开口。
以上所描述的类型的在先工艺机械的其它固有缺点是,它们仅仅打算被用于一种类型的包装容器的制造,并常常被局限于只能生产单一尺寸下的选定类型的包装容器。由于机械的各部件不仅是彼此在尽可能的程度上整体化、而且由一例如带有若干凸轮表面的一个驱动轴这一手段做为共同的原动机或电源加以驱动,故此通过替换和改造包装机械的某些部件,以制造例如不同设计的顶部结构,则仅具理论上的可能性,这一点限制了原有技术的应用,在包装机械中没有强烈的反响干预。
从前面讨论中将会了解到,一般希望用于制造液态装料的包装容器的包装机械,其本身应综合高生产率、小的空间要求和极大的多功能性等三个特点。当然也需要考虑众所周知的其它因素,例如机械的总投资费用,维修性能,操作可靠性以及在卫生标准方面的要求。
本发明的一个目的在于设计一包装机械、不考虑其高的工作速率,而是压缩其外形大小,使之可以装在狭窄的空间中。
本发明另一目的在于设计一种柜架式包装机,它极其灵活,并通过简单和迅速更换最主要的部件,就可以用来生产例如具有不同形式的端部密封、不同形式的闭合或不同形式的端壁等各种类型的包装容器。
本发明还有一个目的在于设计一种包装机,它特别适于迅速生产对牛奶等低粘度装料灌装和密封的包装容器。
本发明还有一个目的在于设计一种包装机,它具有同时向所生产的包装容器灌装不同种类的装料能力。
根据本发明,提供了一种用以制造填充和密封包装容器的包装机,包括一水平的循环输送机和两个或多个沿其设置的工作站,所述工作站呈可更换的机械组件形式,各工作站都由一相关的马达驱动,因此不同机械组件的马达由一共同的控制单元控制,其特征在于所述循环输送机构成主输送机,在紧靠其下方的位置一进给输送机部分地平行于它延伸,一输送和底部密封组合工作站位于输送机的相互平行部分之处,以便结合在所述输送机之间包装容器的输送,在包装容器坯料到达一第二工作站进行灌装和顶部密封之前为包装容器坯料进行端部密封。
以下参照附图,描述本发明的一最佳实施例。附图中:
图1是包装机主要部分的透视图,机器的防护罩和其它的障碍部件已被移开;
图2是图1包装机轮廓结构侧视图;
图3是图1包装机轮廓结构顶视图;
图4是近似图1的一个视图,但经过进一步除掉部件、以清楚地描述本包装机工序部件的设计和布局;
图5是类似于图1的一个透视图,图中展示了包装容器的输送和工艺流程;
图6是包装机的端部视图;
图7展示了按照本发明可使用包装机生产包装容器的一种坯料;
图8A、B和C展示按图7包装容器的坯料逐步完成工序的透视图,灌装容器采用的是按照本发明的包装机。
从附图中将显而易见地了解包装机主要部分是怎样地安放在框架1中,按照公知方式,框架为矩形管材结构,用以支撑和固定包括在包装机中相关的主要构件。为使附图更加清楚起见,诸如通常覆盖框架和由框架所保持的多数机械部件的那些外壳板和盖板及所有公知的机械部件等外围设施已被去掉。因此在完整状态:按照本发明包装机械不仅包括在附图中可以看到的部件,而且包括其本身为公知的压缩空气设备及其连接管线、驱动装置、导向装置和由外壳板、罩、窗、门等形成的外壳。但是由于这些省略部分对本发明并无密切关系,对机械本身的结构和操作原理都无影响,故不在此做详细介绍。
图1展示了本包装机沿纵向延伸的主输送机2,还包括一循环传送带3,此带上具有均匀隔开的突起、形成隔间的诸T-型运载器4,用来在该隔间中容纳包括容器坯料、那些突起的方形截面实质上与隔间尺寸等值。输送机传送带3在轮5和轮6之间水平状地运转,其中的一个轮子由电动马达7驱动,此马达装置在轮5上方,并坚固地固定在框架1上。
在运输机2的下方,有一进给输送机8,同样是在轮9和轮10之间水平状地延伸运转,并由马达11(图2)驱动其中的一个轮子。轮10实质上装置在包装机的中心部位,同样,进给输送机8的长度仅仅约是主运输机2长度的一半。进给输送机8也带有运载器,并被分成隔间,以容纳单个的包装容器,如图3和图5所展示的那样。
紧邻进给运输机一端,进给轮12装置在包装机的进给端,该进给轮12经过一齿轮箱和驱动轴13与带有马达11的驱动轴14可驱动地连在一起。进给轮12载有若干个运载包装容器的装置,在包装容器坯料同时重新形成期间,这些配置的装置用来将容器坯料从储料斗15传运到进给输送机8。按照本发明的包装机这部分内容在欧洲专利申请90311570.7中有所展示并描述了细节,因此本申请参照与否在下文将有更详细的描述。
在运行时,主运输机2的运输带3安排成以逆时针方向(图3)运动。朝运动方向看,有一个沿运输带3第一部分配置的第一工作站,此工作站带有一密封底部的部件16′。部件16′安装在框架1内,并且稍低于传送带3的下缘,用来构成框架1的底部,也即配置在运输带3隔间中的一组包装容器坯料的底端。
在工作台16的后面很短距离处,有沿运输带3第一部分配置的第二工作台17,它包括一顶部密封段17′,该密封段固定在比工作台16稍高位置处,更确切地说,稍微高于运输带3上边缘的上方处。顶部密封17′被用来处置位于运输带2隔间内的包装容器坯料上端。在轮子6的后面,沿运输带3移动方向看到有一个沿运输带返回部分的辅助工作台18,这个工作台实际上和工作台17完全一样。如同后者一样,在运输带3上边缘放置它的顶部密封段18′。在附图中参照本发明包装机最佳实施例,工作台16被用于同时加工由六个这样单独的包装容器组成的一组包装容器。而每一工作台17和18被用于加工每个小组包含三个包装容器的小组,该三个容器包括在上述的六个容器所组成的组内。这意味着运输带3返回部分也在最佳方式中被采用。由此,包装机可被做得更紧凑。除做为整机的工作原理之外,这点将在下文有更详细描述。
第一工作台16,除密封底部工作台16′外,还包括传送部件16″,该部件一方面从靠下输送机或进给输送机8同时竖直朝上地传送六个包装容器坯料至由运载器构成的传送带3的隔间里。当包装容器放置在隔间里时,它们的低端在密封工作台16′第一底部经受成型和密封的操作,为简单起见,此后将这些低端指定为包装容器的底端。包装容器坯料的竖直传送是借助于运输桥20在运输部分16″中实现的。该运输桥20包括一组V型提升装置19,这些装置沿进给输送机8下方延伸,以成为一排的形式相互固定连在一起。传送部件16″还包括汽缸或电机形式的驱动装置(未示出),以使在图5所示的底下位置和一上面位置之间往复运转中,能够垂直移动传输桥20,在该上面位置中一排提升装置19被直接放置在运输带3下边缘的下方。提升装置19是这样放置的:当传送机8空载时,它们能够在进给输送机8的运载装置之间向上移动,并且把坯料移至运载装置4之间的对齐的隔间上,运载装置4在上运输带3之上。每一单独的提升装置19是由相当薄的板组成,薄板上边缘装有V型槽,在传送坯料期间,V型槽用来共同操作并为包装容器坯料底板预成型做准备,正如下文将要详细描述的那样。
如上文描述的,第一工作台16除传送部分外,还包括一底部密封部分,该部分装配在上运输带3下边缘的稍下方处,也就是输送机2和输送机8前部之间的空间处(图6)更确切地说,工作台16包括若干个互相接续的密封夹21和与之反向对置的夹具22,夹具22可以基本上在一水平面内朝着和远离密封夹21的方向移动。密封夹21是用超声波类型的,因此它们被连接到一个或多个超声波发生器23上(如示意图所示)。如同反向对置夹22一样,密封夹21以可移动的平行排列方式加以悬挂,这使得有可能使用一单独的电机24,同时朝着彼此相反方向移动夹具21和22,以便夹具相互对着的工作面在对隔间而言的共同的纵向中心线的直下方的中心位置相会合,该隔间被用于容纳容器坯料,并且该隔间由包括在输送机输送带3的活动部分内的运载装置4所形成。因此利用驱动马达24、夹具21和22可一组一组地在上述位置间移动。其中夹具的工作面经过包装容器坯材的中心层相互接触。图3所示的相反一端位置处的一组夹具21和22,设置在彼此最大距离处,以便允许传送带3和放在它的隔间里的包装容器坯料的移动。
正如前面所叙述的,第二和第三工作台17和18从根本上说互相是完全相同的,除了每一工作台17和18的长度仅仅是在运输带3移动方向所看到的工作台16的一半外,其结构形式也近似于工作台16。因此每一工作台17和18包括设置同一桥上的三个密封夹具25,并连接一台超声波发生器(未示出)。每一工作台17、18的相反夹具26相对于密封夹具25平行地悬挂,以便借助驱动马达28,夹具25、26在前面描述的活动端和被动端位置之间可相互作朝向或离开的往复移动。
上述的每一工作台17和18配置三个灌装筒,为的是把流体装料输送到位于工作台的包装容器坯料,并由运输带3的运载装置4支撑。在它们上端处,通过输送管(未示出)连接它们各自的计量泵30的灌装管29连接到最终的装料源例如储罐。
从图6清楚地看到不同工作台上密封和相对应的夹具21、25;22、26的悬挂和驱动状态。图6是包装机的端视图,去掉了所有框架和其它不必要的部件。从固定轮6中心处的任一侧可看到运输带3上带有运载装置,运输带上方处装有两个带灌装管29的计量泵30。图6的底部到左侧展示了第一工作台的密封工位16′,排列在其上方的第二工作台的密封工位17′。镜面反向的但相同的工作台的密封部分18′在转轮6的右侧,以与其对齐的方式放置。附图显示了包括在密封工位中的密封和反向夹具如何以相互对齐的方式来放置,相互滑动可调的框架31仅示出了一部分。(这种设计便于密封夹具的直线移动和连接超声波发生器,也使它们有可能相互平行移动。)从以上所揭示的所有工作台的方式,也就是闭合和密封台以及灌装台,靠自己的动力和材料供给构成分离的机械组件。这些都能由其它类型组件所代替。因此,例如成型和密封工位可以由可能显示制造包装容器的不同顶部和底部设计和结构的组件,或者显示其它尺寸的组件来代替。利用一共同的控制单元,保证不同的相互合作工作台的同步,但是这种本身为公知的技术,在此不做详细介绍。
操作台布置在主输送机和两部分处或两路程处,像两个相互重叠的输送机的使用一样,节省空间并且使得所有设计和结构更加紧凑,节省空间的进一步效果也就是由输送工作台16、成型和密封台以及联合的灌装和顶密封台17、18的组合功能实现的。
按照本发明使用包装机去加工这些包装容器,实际上是传统的型式,如图7和图8所示。供入包装机的包装容器采用筒状的包装容器坯料,由图7所示类型的单个坯料制成方形截面,每一坯料至少包括一热塑性材料的夹层,并带有四个横向互相固定的侧壁板32,这些侧壁板是由相互垂直的折痕线33隔开。在坯料一端处,有附加的较窄的密封板34,坯料成筒状后,利用热密封封板34被连接到位于坯料对置端的侧壁板32的自由端上。在侧壁板的上部和下部,分别提供有若干个基本相同的顶板和底板35和36,其交替地包含方式和三角形的窄板,以公知的形式形成所谓的三角形顶端密封,在其自由端处可借助顶部和底部密封板37和38以液密方式将其分别地密封在一起。在这种情况下,形成了包装容器两端密封线39和40。这些叠缝的最下端朝下折叠,三角形顶部同时压缩或形成底板36,以使包装容器实际上获得一个平底。借助本发明的包装机、包装容器坯料逐步形成包装容器,现在将最详细地予以描述。
按照本发明的包装机加工操作时,从图8A所示的预包装容器坯料和图8C所示的容器灌装和密封,扁平的容器坯料是在机械的左边成型(图3、5),这里坯料放置在前述自动储料装置15中,其输出端出口紧靠进给轮12。正如以上所提及的欧洲专利申请90311570.7所详细描述的进给轮12有若干个夹臂,当进给轮12逆时针旋转时,夹臂从储料装置一次夹起一个平放的包装容器坯料。借助进给轮12的诸臂折叠并同时提起每个单个的包装容器坯料,以便在实际上的提起状态下,进给轮12运转一半之后,该坯料到达进给输送机8的起始端,在此处,每一包装容器坯料放在进给运输机8的两个运载装置之间。因为进给轮12直接放在靠近绕轮子9运行的进给运输机8的部分,进给输送机8的运载装置处于扩张或是“打开”状态,很容易地在运载装置之间码放每个单独的容器坯料,如图3所清楚示出的。为避免放在进给输送机8中的包装容器坯料从开启状态的运载装置之间的隔间里掉下来,若干个传统方式的导向装置沿进给运输带移动路经延伸设置。
按照本发明包装容器的最佳实施例的说明,进给轮12有六个运载装置分布于该轮周围约250°角内,这就需要进给轮连续运转,间歇地运送一组六个容器坯料到进给输送机8的运载装置之间的六个实际上相互固定的隔间中。在运行期间,进给输送机8也以顺时针方向间歇地移动,在这一场合,进给输送机8与进给轮12同步移动,以便进给运输带的运动与包装容器坯料的传送同步。此后,当进给轮12转至下一进给工位时,一旦再次加速,进给输送机8正常停机,以便接收下一组六个包装容器坯料。因为进给输送机必须允许有一定的加速和减速输送距离,不同的组将由在每一组间的一个空隔间所定位。
横向进给输送机8的断续顺时针移动将正好把横切进给器一组包装容器坯料输送到横切进给输送机的通道部分上,该横切进给输送机随着主输送机2的右手端或第一部分(图3、5)在其紧下方平行移动。该主输送机2也断续移动,每一位移对应于为加速和减速而附加中间空隔间的一组包装容器坯料的长度。如将在后面描述的那样,该输送机的隔间(在主输送器2的静止位置)与在每一对应的工作站的工作位置相一致,并且主输送器2的静止位置又与横切进给输送机8的静止位置相一致,以便对于一组包装容器,输送机的诸隔间将得以相互对齐到达(上面),从而当输送机处于空位时,能够不防碍包装容器坯料从横切进给输送机8输送到主输送机2的垂直向上移动,这一情况发生在工作站16中。
当该横切进给输送机8将一组包装容器坯料移至工作站16时,该输送部16″首先随输送桥20起动,它的V型提升装置19在横切进给输送机8中的每个隔间内垂直向上移动。在这种场合下,提升装置19行进到与管状包装容器坯料的下端相接触,随后每个提升装置19的V型边缘行进到与底板36(底板36被分成三角形重折合板)相接触,并且带有垂直的槽缝折痕线的底部密封板38也被置于包装容器坯料的边缘上。由于这种安排,从横切进给输送机8到主输送机2,在包装容器坯料的垂直位移上,将出现确定的预折痕,在包装容器坯料的底板36上出现确定的预折痕,以便使未破坏的底部主板36′在彼此相向方向折叠的同时,三角形重折合板彼此相向移动。但是,这是在这类包装容器成形过程中所使用的公知技术,当然在这里无需任何详细的描述。
当包装容器坯料垂直移动接近其端部时,利用垂直可移动的预折叠装置41作用在包装容器坯料的顶板35上,预折装置41的部件行进到与包装容器坯料相接触情况下,类似于对带有V型向下密合的凹槽的提升装置19作用在三角形顶板上的设计,以使包装容器顶部与互相倾斜的顶部主板35′一起受到预折叠。顶部和底部预折叠之后,提升装置19(像预折叠装置一样)返回到其未启动的分别脱离开主输送机2上面区域和横切进给输送机8下部区域位置处,在该装置,放在其中的输送器和包装容器坯料可自由地移动。
当在工作站16中的一组包装容器坯料已全部从横切进给输送机8移到主输送机上诸托架4之间的对应隔间时,所有坯料将被定位于相同的垂直位置,其中,包装容器坯料的较低的、水平底密封板38将置于托架端边缘的外侧,并且大体上与密封夹紧装置21和反向夹紧装置22的工作面相对齐。底部密封部分16′被启动,致使密封夹紧装置21和反向夹紧装置22朝彼此相向方向平行移动,在这种情况下,它们的工作面行进到与包装容器坯料密封板38相接触,并且当同时进行超声波密封时,促使它们彼此面对面靠着。三角形的底板(它已被按前述的预成型方式向内折叠)在相互倾斜的底部主板36′之间被向内折叠到相互密合位置的方式加以预密封,以使包装容器坯料具有“象墙顶”类型的底部造型,如在图8B中示出的包装容器坯料底端那样,在完成密封之后,密封夹紧装置21和反向平紧装置22返回到图3所示未启动的位置。此时主输送机2可将提供液密底部密封的包装容器坯料移动到下一工作站。
在主输送机移动的方向上所看到的下面的工作站为两个灌装和顶部密封站17和18,如早已叙述的那样,它们是彼此相同的。两个工作站17和18的每一个都是用来处理来自工作站16的该组包装容器的一半,即描述的实施例中,包括在该组中的六个包装容器被分成两个小组,以使在移动方向上看到的头三个包装容器分配到灌装和顶部密封工作站18,同时后三个包装容器将被分配到灌装和顶部密封工作站17。当然,这一点并不会发生在主输送机2相同移动中,但是,逐一供给的多组将总是围绕主输送机2的路线间断地移动,然而这一点被认为是理所当然的并且在本文中上没有任何叙述。借助主输送机2,该三个包装容器到达灌装和顶部密封站17(或另一站18),当输送机2停在计量泵30的灌装器管29正下方时,借助提升装置(未示出)三个包装容器垂直向上移动,直到其上开口端包围该灌装管为止,以后开始灌装,以使计量的装料通过灌装管29的低端流出并进入该包装容器,同时它们以灌装周期相同的比率再一次下降,从而避免不必要的溅落起泡。将包装容器包围灌装管并以灌装周期相同比率将之下降的方法是为人们所熟知,并在许多种类的包装机械中加以使用。
当灌装的一个操作过程已完成时,该三个包装容器将再一次被放到由T型托架4所确定的主输送机2的凹槽之内,更确切地说,在这一垂直位置内,包装容器的上顶板35在输送机2的上边缘之上延伸。在这一位置,顶板35折叠到一起,灌装到规定程度的包装容器的上端密封到一起。这种密封以如下方式达到:置于灌装和顶密封站的密封和反向夹紧装置25、26,通过辅助驱动马达28彼此向相向平行移动,以使两个顶部主板35′,在三角形折叠板的任一侧被彼此相向折叠,此后密封夹紧装置25的工作面与顶板35的顶密封板37接触(与反向夹紧装置26一起),以超声波密封该顶板,形成液密顶部密封。此后密封夹紧装置25和反向夹紧装置26以彼此平行离开的方式移到如图4所示的静止位置。
主输送机2其后的断续移动将及时地把装有规定量装料的完全密封的包装容器移动到后面第二灌装顶部密封站18的区域,为给底部折叠提供方便,在包装容器底部伸出密封翼40,以使包装的底部造型从图8B所示情况改变为图8C所表示的整块板的底部,包装容器的密封翼40(在主输送器2的位移上)与以一角度转到主输送机的纵向导向器接触,该导向器被直接放在主输送器的下面,并逐渐作用到密封翼40上,以使其被折叠到该侧。借助辅加的诸导向器或一往复加压和密封装置41,山墙顶部形状的底部被基本上改变成平底,其不同的部分通过热封以所希望的平面形状固结在一起。此后,利用拆卸装置42将所完成的包装容器从主输送机的隔间中移开,例如利用压缩空气或电动驱动工具作用于包装容器顶上轴向向下移动该包装容器,使之可在循环输送器的输送带43上竖直地输送,或使用已知的其它方式。
由于每个工作或加工站(连同其辅助的电或压缩空气动力源)形成一分开的组件,所以其数量和功能可在较大范围变化。这使得一个紧凑机械中的输送机的两部分中加以有效的利用。当然,在不同阶段设置分开的进给和主输送机对紧凑性有帮助。将两个工作站17和18做为灌装和密封站相结合的设计和结构,也对增加机械工作速率有利。因为在灌装操作之后,包装容器的上面部分被直接以液密方式加以密封。在先有机械中,灌装和密封在两站之间具有的一段水平输送距离的分开站分别进行,并且包装容器必须以缓慢和均匀的速度传送过这一距离,以避免溢出。
所说明的包装容器种类在该适当的包装机械中用于成型,灌装和密封是合适的,当然也可以制造其它一类包装容器。由于采用标准的机械装置,例如顶部和底部密封能容易地用不同方式以实施。例如坯料的一个或两个端部可以分别缺少整块的顶板或底板,并代之以提供任何合适结构的公开应用的顶和底。例如带有涛注喷口和再闭合结构的预制顶部。
不能将本发明理解为局限在以上的描述和附图中所表示的内容,许多可以想象出的改进都脱离不开所附的权利要求的精神和范围。

Claims (10)

1.一种用以制造填充和密封包装容器的包装机,包括一水平的循环输送机和两个或多个沿其设置的工作站,所述工作站(16,17,18)呈可更换的机械组件形式,各工作站都由一相关的马达(24,28)驱动,因此不同机械组件的马达由一共同的控制单元控制,其特征在于所述循环输送机(2)构成主输送机,在紧靠其下方的位置一进给输送机(8)部分地平行于它延伸,一输送和底部密封组合工作站(16)位于输送机(2,8)的相互平行部分之处,以便结合在所述输送机之间包装容器的输送,在包装容器坯料到达一第二工作站(17,18)进行灌装和顶部密封之前为包装容器坯料进行端部密封。
2.如权利要求1所述的包装机,其特征在于输送机(2)具有一第一部分,所述输送和底部密封工作站沿该第一部分定位及设置,以同时处理一组包装容器坯料,沿同一输送机部分定位的所述灌装和顶部密封工作站(17)对所述组中的一部分包装容器坯料进行灌装和密封,沿输送机的第二返回部分所述包装机包括一第二灌装和顶部密封工作站(18),用以对所述组中的其余包装容器坯料进行灌装和密封。
3.如权利要求2所述的包装机,其特征在于两个灌装和顶部密封工作站(17,18)中的每一个都具有其它工作站的一半的生产能力。
4.如权利要求1所述的包装机,其特征在于第一工作站(16)的输送部分包括往复提升装置(19),所述提升装置在对包装容器坯料的一端实施成形动作的同时将所述坯料从进给输送机(8)转移到主输送机(2)上。
5.如权利要求4所述的包装机,其特征在于主输送机(2)和进给输送机(8)两者都被分成诸隔间。
6.如权利要求5所述的包装机,其特征在于所述第一工作站(16)的底部密封部分位于输送机(2,8)的平行部分之间。
7.如权利要求6所述的包装机,其特征在于所述第一工作站(16)的底部密封部分位于主输送机(2)的紧下方并密封在主输送机(2)的隔间之外延伸的包装容器坯料的端部。
8.如权利要求6所述的包装机,其特征在于第二工作站(17,18)位于输送机(2)的上方并于包装容器内灌入产品之后密封包装容器坯料的相对端部。
9.如权利要求8所述的包装机,其特征在于第二工作站(17,18)的密封和灌装部分沿输送机(2)位于同一位置。
10.如权利要求7所述的包装机,其特征在于第二工作站(17,18)的灌装部分包括灌装管(29),所述灌装管位于用以密封包装容器的密封部分的装置的上方。
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FI103659B1 (fi) 1999-08-13
ATE166842T1 (de) 1998-06-15
BR9400572A (pt) 1994-08-23
FI940754A0 (fi) 1994-02-17
TW284737B (zh) 1996-09-01
JP3545795B2 (ja) 2004-07-21
SE505154C2 (sv) 1997-07-07
ZA94810B (en) 1994-09-05
SE9300524L (sv) 1994-08-18
FI103659B (fi) 1999-08-13
CN1093051A (zh) 1994-10-05
DE69410666T2 (de) 1998-10-01
SE9300524D0 (sv) 1993-02-17
MX9401170A (es) 1994-08-31
AU672463B2 (en) 1996-10-03

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