CN103859451B - 一种补血禽蛋干及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种补血禽蛋干及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN103859451B CN103859451B CN201410125725.3A CN201410125725A CN103859451B CN 103859451 B CN103859451 B CN 103859451B CN 201410125725 A CN201410125725 A CN 201410125725A CN 103859451 B CN103859451 B CN 103859451B
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- sodium
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Abstract
一种具有补血功效的禽蛋干，是由下列重量配比的原辅料制得，其特征在于：全蛋液1份、猪血0.01份~0.015份、质量分数为3.8%柠檬酸钠溶液0.0011份~0.0017份、红枣汁0.005~0.015份、花生蛋白粉0.01~0.02份、大豆分离蛋白0.02~0.04份。制得的禽蛋干同时含有动物蛋白质和植物蛋白质，蛋白质种类齐全，可以起到相互补充的作用，营养更加均衡全面，易于消化吸收，营养价值高；本品所用原料猪血、花生和红枣均具有补血功能，对于贫血人群尤为适宜；本品服用，携带，运输和贮存都比较方便；工艺简单，适合机械化生产，产量大，成本低，产品合格率高达99%以上。
Description
技术领域
本发明主要涉及食品技术领域，具体涉及一种具有补血功效的禽蛋干及其制备方法。
背景技术
禽蛋干是将禽蛋全蛋或蛋清浓缩加工而成，其质地和色泽类似传统豆腐干，口感细腻，具有禽蛋香味，开袋即食，食用方便。该产品营养价值高，含有丰富的优质蛋白，口感好，还可加工成多种口味的佐酒佳肴，因此深受消费者青睐。
禽蛋，含有丰富的营养成分，主要有蛋白质（蛋白中的卵白蛋白和蛋黄中的卵黄磷蛋白，含有人体所必需的各种氨基酸，而且比例与人体很接近，利用率达99.6%，是食物中营养价值最高的蛋白质。）、脂肪（绝大部分集中在蛋黄内，大部分为中性脂肪，容易消化，含有较多的磷脂，其中约有一半是卵磷脂。）、矿物质（铁、磷和钙的含量甚高。）和多种维生素（蛋黄中含有丰富的维生素A、维生素D、B族维生素、维生素E等，蛋白中的维生素以核黄素和尼克酸较多。）等，因此被日本营养学家授予了“人类最好的营养源”、“天然最接近母乳的蛋白质食品”等殊荣。新近，美国研究人员又为禽蛋戴上了“世界上最营养早餐”的桂冠，认为禽蛋除了含有人们熟知的多种营养物质外，还含有抗氧化剂，一个蛋黄的抗氧化剂含量相当于一个苹果。瑞典研究人员也将其列为蛋白质食品中最低碳最环保的食品，在健脑益智、保护肝脏与心脑血管（得益于丰富的卵磷脂）、抵御癌症偷袭（富含抗癌物质光黄素、光色素，可抑制诱发鼻咽癌和宫颈癌的EB病毒增殖，并可降低女性罹患乳腺癌风险）等方面功勋卓著。
猪血营养十分丰富，素有“液态肉”之称。据测定，每100克猪血含蛋白质16克，高于牛肉、瘦猪肉蛋白质的含量，而且容易消化吸收。猪血蛋白质所含的氨基酸比例与人体中氨基酸的比例接近，非常容易被机体利用，因此，猪血的蛋白质在动物食物中最容易被消化、吸收。
猪血的另一特点是含脂肪量极少，每100克仅含0.4克，是瘦猪肉含脂肪量的1/70，属低热量、低脂肪食品。另外，猪血中所含人体必需的无机盐，如钙、磷、钾、钠等，以及微量元素铁、锌、铜、锰也较多。猪血含铁量非常丰富，每100克含铁高达45毫克，比猪肝高两倍，比禽蛋高18倍，比瘦肉高20倍，且猪血中的铁离子和人体内铁离子的化合价相同，摄入后更易为人体吸收利用，其铁吸收率可高达到22%以上。铁是造血所需的重要元素，人体缺乏铁元素将患缺铁性贫血，所以，贫血病人常吃猪血可以起到补血的作用。猪血中的铁为血红素铁，它是一种生物态铁，可被肠粘膜直接吸收，不产生任何副作用，其他食物成分几乎不影响其消化吸收。现代医学研究证明，猪血所含的锌、铜等微量元素，具有提高免疫功效及抗衰老的作用，老年人常吃猪血，能延缓机体衰老，耳聪目明。猪血中还含有一定量的卵磷脂，能抑制低密度脂蛋白的有害作用，有助于防治动脉粥样硬化，是老人及冠心病、高脂血症及脑血管病患者的理想食品，对防治老年痴呆、记忆力减退、健忘、多梦、失眠等症也颇为有益。
花生，俗称“长生果”，“长寿果”，营养丰富、全面，蛋白质含量可高达30％左右，其营养价值可与动物性食品禽蛋、牛奶、瘦肉等媲美，且易于被人体吸收利用。花生仁中含有人体必需的8种氨基酸，且比例适宜。此外还含有丰富的脂肪、卵磷脂、维生素Ａ、维生素Ｂ、维生素Ｅ、维生素Ｋ，以及钙、磷、铁等元素。经常食用花生确能起到滋补益寿作用。更为重要的是花生中含丰富的脂质和蛋白质，对产后乳汁不足者，有滋补气血，养血通乳作用。
红枣，又名大枣、干枣、枣子，富含蛋白质、脂肪、糖类、胡萝卜素、B族维生素、维生素C、维生素P以及磷、钙、铁等成分，其中维生素C的含量在果品中名列前茅，具有补虚益气、养血安神、健脾胃等功效，是脾胃虚弱、气血不足、倦怠无力、失眠等患者良好的保健营养品。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种食用方便同时具有补血功效的禽蛋干。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种上述具有补血功效的禽蛋干的制备方法，该制备方法的工艺条件温和、非常适合工业化批量生产。
本发明的目的是通过如下技术措施实现的：
一种具有补血功效的禽蛋干，是由下列重量配比的原辅料制得，其特征在于：全蛋液1份、猪血0.01份～0.015份、质量分数为3.8%的柠檬酸钠溶液0.0011份～0.0017份、红枣汁0.005～0.015份、花生蛋白粉0.01～0.02份、大豆分离蛋白0.02～0.04份。
研究人员发现上述禽蛋干强度低，粘弹性差，成型性不好。为了解决这一问题，上述具有补血功效的禽蛋干的原辅料优选包括重量计的全蛋液1份、猪血0.01份～0.015份、质量分数为3.8%柠檬酸钠溶液0.0011份～0.0017份、红枣汁0.005～0.015份、花生蛋白粉0.01～0.02份、大豆分离蛋白0.02～0.04份、魔芋精粉0.001～0.008份、三聚磷酸钠0.001～0.007份、焦磷酸钠0.001～0.007份、六偏磷酸钠0.001～0.007份。使得加工过程不易出现断裂、提高了产品合格率。
更进一步优选为上述具有补血功效的禽蛋干的原辅料包括重量计的全蛋液1份、猪血0.01份～0.015份、质量分数为3.8%柠檬酸钠溶液0.0011份～0.0017份、红枣汁0.005～0.015份、花生蛋白粉0.01～0.02份、大豆分离蛋白0.02～0.04份、魔芋精粉0.002～0.005份、三聚磷酸钠0.002～0.005份、焦磷酸钠0.002～0.005份、六偏磷酸钠0.002～0.005份。
研究人员还发现上述禽蛋干味道一般，不太受广大消费者欢迎。更优选的，上述禽蛋干的原辅料包括重量计的全蛋液1份、猪血0.01份～0.015份、质量分数为3.8%柠檬酸钠溶液0.0011份～0.0017份、红枣汁0.005～0.015份、花生蛋白粉0.01～0.02份、大豆分离蛋白0.02～0.04份、魔芋精粉0.002～0.005份、三聚磷酸钠0.002～0.005份、焦磷酸钠0.002～0.005份、六偏磷酸钠0.002～0.005份、食盐0.006～0.015份、白砂糖0.003～0.012份、谷氨酸钠0.004～0.011份、5，-呈味核苷酸二钠0.0008～0.006份，鸡粉0.0009～0.005份。
更进一步优选为上述具有补血功效的禽蛋干的原辅料包括重量计的全蛋液1份、猪血0.01份～0.015份、质量分数为3.8%柠檬酸钠溶液0.0011份～0.0017份、红枣汁0.005～0.015份、花生蛋白粉0.01～0.02份、大豆分离蛋白0.02～0.04份、魔芋精粉0.002～0.005份、三聚磷酸钠0.002～0.005份、焦磷酸钠0.002～0.005份、六偏磷酸钠0.002～0.005份、食盐0.008～0.012份、白砂糖0.005～0.01份、谷氨酸钠0.005～0.01份、5，-呈味核苷酸二钠0.001～0.005份，鸡粉0.001～0.003份。
上述所需原辅料，均为本领域公知的，市场上均可购买到。
补血禽蛋干的制备方法，按如下步骤进行：
1.打蛋：用打蛋机打蛋，分离蛋壳，得到全蛋液。
2.猪血抗凝：新鲜猪血,用质量分数为3.8%的柠檬酸钠溶液与血液按体积比1:9混合，防止血液凝固。
3.红枣汁的制备：干红枣去核，清洗后加入2～4倍水常温下浸泡6～8h，用胶体磨磨浆制汁，制汁时加入1～1.5倍水，用纱布过滤，滤液即为红枣汁。
4.配料：取花生蛋白粉、大豆分离蛋白、魔芋精粉、食盐、白砂糖、三聚磷酸钠、焦磷酸钠、六偏磷酸钠、谷氨酸钠、5’-呈味核苷酸二钠、鸡粉置于配料桶中混合均匀。
5.搅匀：将蛋液、猪血、和红枣汁加入搅拌机中搅拌均匀，再边搅拌边缓慢加入配料，使其均匀分散溶解在蛋液中，静置0.5h-1.0h，使其充分溶胀溶解。
6.灌装：用自动定量灌装机灌装于塑料模具中。
7.加热成型：用带空气压缩机的加热成型锅进行加热成型，锅内压力0.18MPa～0.20MPa，温度控制在90℃～95℃间，加热成型时间40min～50min；该市售的加热成型设备与锅内的压力、锅内的温度以及加热成型时间的控制，使得产品不会出现蜂窝状，进一步提高了产品合格率。
8.卤制：从加热成型锅出来后脱模，放入卤制锅中卤制，卤制温度90～95℃，时间0.5～1.0h。
9.烘干：卤制后送入烘干机中烘干表面水分，烘制温度50～55℃，时间5～8min。
10.真空包装：将烘干后的产品放入包装袋，真空封口。
11.杀菌：将真空包装产品送入高温高压杀菌釜中进行杀菌，杀菌温度121℃，杀菌时间20～25min。
12.成品：将杀菌后的产品冷却即得成品。
本发明具有如下的有益效果：
本发明是以禽蛋为原料，添加猪血、红枣汁、花生蛋白粉、大豆分离蛋白制成的一种具有补血功能的保健食品，制得的禽蛋干同时含有动物蛋白质和植物蛋白质，蛋白质种类齐全，可以起到相互补充的作用，营养更加均衡全面，易于消化吸收，营养价值高；本品所用原料猪血、花生和红枣均具有补血功能，对于贫血人群尤为适宜；本品服用，携带，运输和贮存都比较方便；工艺简单，适合机械化生产，产量大，成本低，产品合格率高达99%以上。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例对本发明进行具体的描述，有必要在此指出的是以下实施例只用于对本发明进行进一步说明，不能理解为对本发明保护范围的限制，在不背离本发明精神和实质的情况下，对本发明方法、步骤或条件所作的修改或替换，均属于本发明的范围。
实施例1
一种补血禽蛋干，按以下步骤制得：
| 成分 | 用量 |
| 全蛋液 | 1份 |
| 猪血 | 0.01份 |
| 3.8%柠檬酸钠溶液 | 0.0011份 |
| 红枣汁 | 0.005份 |
| 花生蛋白粉 | 0.01份 |
| 大豆分离蛋白 | 0.02份 |
| 魔芋精粉 | 0.002份 |
| 三聚磷酸钠 | 0.002份 |
| 焦磷酸钠 | 0.002份 |
| 六偏磷酸钠 | 0.002份 |
| 食盐 | 0.008份 |
| 白砂糖 | 0.005份 |
| 谷氨酸钠 | 0.005份 |
| 5，-呈味核苷酸二钠 | 0.001份 |
| 鸡粉 | 0.001份 |
制备工艺：
1.打蛋：用打蛋机打蛋，分离蛋壳，得到全蛋液。
2.猪血抗凝：新鲜猪血,用3.8%的柠檬酸钠溶液与血液按体积比1:9混合，防止血液凝固。
3.红枣汁的制备：干红枣去核，清洗后加入2～4倍水常温下浸泡6～8h，用胶体磨磨浆制汁，制汁时加入1～1.5倍水，用纱布过滤，滤液即为红枣汁。
4.配料：取花生蛋白粉、大豆分离蛋白、魔芋精粉、食盐、白砂糖、三聚磷酸钠、焦磷酸钠、六偏磷酸钠、谷氨酸钠、5’-呈味核苷酸二钠、鸡粉置于配料桶中混合均匀。
5.搅匀：将蛋液、猪血、和红枣汁加入搅拌机中搅拌均匀，再边搅拌边缓慢加入配料，使其均匀分散溶解在蛋液中，静置0.5h-1.0h，使其充分溶胀溶解。
6.灌装：用自动定量灌装机灌装于塑料模具中。
7.加热成型：用带空气压缩机的加热成型锅进行加热成型，锅内压力0.18MPa～0.20MPa，温度控制在90℃～95℃间，加热成型时间40min～50min。
8.卤制：从加热成型锅出来后脱模，放入卤制锅中卤制，卤制温度90～95℃，时间0.5～1.0h。
9.烘干：卤制后送入烘干机中烘干表面水分，烘制温度50～55℃，时间5～8min。
10.真空包装：将烘干后的产品放入包装袋，真空封口。
11.杀菌：将真空包装产品送入高温高压杀菌釜中进行杀菌，杀菌温度121℃，杀菌时间20～25min。
12.成品：将杀菌后的产品冷却即得成品。
实施例2
一种补血禽蛋干，按以下步骤制得：
| 成分 | 用量 |
| 全蛋液 | 1份 |
| 猪血 | 0.015份 |
| 3.8%柠檬酸钠溶液 | 0.0017份 |
| 红枣汁 | 0.015份 |
| 花生蛋白粉 | 0.02份 |
| 大豆分离蛋白 | 0.04份 |
| 魔芋精粉 | 0.005份 |
| 三聚磷酸钠 | 0.005份 |
| 焦磷酸钠 | 0.005份 |
| 六偏磷酸钠 | 0.005份 |
| 食盐 | 0.012份 |
| 白砂糖 | 0.01份 |
| 谷氨酸钠 | 0.01份 |
| 5，-呈味核苷酸二钠 | 0.005份 |
| 鸡粉 | 0.003份 |
制备工艺：照实施例1的制备工艺制得。
实施例3
一种补血禽蛋干，按以下步骤制得：
| 成分 | 用量 |
| 全蛋液 | 1份 |
| 猪血 | 0.012份 |
| 3.8%柠檬酸钠溶液 | 0.0013份 |
| 红枣汁 | 0.010份 |
| 花生蛋白粉 | 0.02份 |
| 大豆分离蛋白 | 0.02份 |
| 魔芋精粉 | 0.005份 |
| 三聚磷酸钠 | 0.005份 |
| 焦磷酸钠 | 0.005份 |
| 六偏磷酸钠 | 0.005份 |
| 食盐 | 0.008份 |
| 白砂糖 | 0.005份 |
| 谷氨酸钠 | 0.01份 |
| 5，-呈味核苷酸二钠 | 0.005份 |
| 鸡粉 | 0.003份 |
制备工艺：照实施例1的制备工艺制得。
实施例4-8：本发明是以禽蛋为原料，添加猪血、红枣汁、花生蛋白粉、大豆分离蛋白制成的一种具有补血功能的保健食品，本品按以下各物料的配比关系，其他均与实施例1相同，均以重量配比计。制得的禽蛋干同时含有动物蛋白质和植物蛋白质，蛋白质种类齐全，可以起到相互补充的作用，营养更加均衡全面，易于消化吸收，营养价值高；本品所用原料猪血、花生和红枣均具有补血功能，对于贫血人群尤为适宜；本品服用，携带，运输和贮存都比较方便；工艺简单，适合机械化生产，产量大，成本低，产品合格率高达99%以上。
为了更好的理解本发明，以下通过本发明功能性实验来进一步阐述发明本保健食品的有益效果，下面实验旨在进一步说明本发明的作用，而非对本发明的限制。
实验1:补血功能试验
1.1.试验动物：Wistar品系初断乳大鼠40只（体重80±10g，雌雄各半，健康状况良好）。
1.2.低铁基础饲料
参考AOAC推荐配方进行配制，见表1。
表1低铁基础饲料配方
| 名称 | 所占比例（%） | 名称 | 所占比例（%） |
| 玉米淀粉 | 64.38 | 氯化钾 | 0.50 |
| 酪蛋白 | 20.00 | 碘盐 | 0.50 |
| 明胶 | 5.00 | 混合微量元素 | 0.27 |
| 大豆油 | 5.00 | 氯化胆碱 | 0.15 |
| 磷酸二氢钠 | 2.00 | 混合维生素 | 0.10 |
| 碳酸钙 | 2.00 | DL-蛋氨酸 | 0.10 |
1.3.大鼠缺铁模型的建立
将40只大鼠分养于不锈钢笼内，控制室内温度18-25℃，相对湿度50%-60%。以低铁基础饲料喂养大鼠，饮用去离子水。每周一次尾静脉放血，放血量为每只每次1.0-1.5mL。4周后建立起大鼠缺铁模型。
1.4.补血功能试验
将缺铁性贫血模型大鼠40只随机分为2组，实验组大鼠每日分别进行3次灌胃禽蛋干，每次灌胃量5g，另一组为对照组，每日灌胃相同次数和相同量的普通禽蛋干。4周后测定大鼠的体重、血红蛋白、红细胞计数、血清铁含量等血液指标，测定结果见表2。
表2补血禽蛋干对大鼠体重的影响
表3补血禽蛋干对大鼠血红蛋白的影响
表4补血禽蛋干对大鼠红细胞计数的影响
表5补血禽蛋干对大鼠血清铁的影响
由表2～5可知，实验前，两组大鼠的体重、血红蛋白、红细胞计数和血清铁无显著性差异（P＞0.05）。实验后，补血禽蛋干组大鼠体重、血红蛋白、红细胞计数和血清铁均显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）。
实验2.味道、口感市场调查
本发明禽蛋干是经过严格原辅料配伍，经过多次调味而制成。具有口感极好，味道香甜，能被广大消费者所接受，具有良好的市场前景。
方法：随机选择10岁以上的人群1000人，进行味道品尝，现将品尝结果统计如表6：
表6补血禽蛋干口味调查
| 非常好 | 较好 | 一般 | 差 |
| 798 | 123 | 79 | 0 |
根据味道品尝市场调查可知，本品易于受广大患者所接受，具不完全统计，觉得味道非常好的占整个人群的79.8%，觉得味道比较好的占12.3%，觉得一般的占7.9%，觉得味道差的只占0%。故本品具有口感好，易受广大患者群体所接受的特点。
Claims (1)
1.一种具有补血功效禽蛋干的制备方法，其特征在于，其原辅料重量配比为全蛋液1份、猪血0.01份、质量分数为3.8%柠檬酸钠溶液0.0011份、红枣汁0.005份、花生蛋白粉0.01份、大豆分离蛋白0.02份、魔芋精粉0.002份、三聚磷酸钠0.002份、焦磷酸钠0.002份、六偏磷酸钠0.002份、食盐0.008份、白砂糖0.005份、谷氨酸钠0.005份、5'-呈味核苷酸二钠0.001份、鸡粉0.001份；其制备方法按如下步骤进行：
A.打蛋：用打蛋机打蛋，分离蛋壳，得到全蛋液；
B.猪血抗凝：新鲜猪血，用3.8wt%的柠檬酸钠溶液与所述猪血按体积比1：9混合，防止血液凝固；
C.红枣汁的制备：干红枣去核，清洗后加入2~4倍水常温下浸泡6~8h，用胶体磨磨浆制汁，制汁时加入1~1.5倍水，用纱布过滤，滤液即为红枣汁；
D.配料：取花生蛋白粉、大豆分离蛋白、魔芋精粉、食盐、白砂糖、三聚磷酸钠、焦磷酸钠、六偏磷酸钠、谷氨酸钠、5’-呈味核苷酸二钠、鸡粉置于配料桶中混合均匀；
E.搅匀：将蛋液、猪血、和红枣汁加入搅拌机中搅拌均匀，再边搅拌边缓慢加入配料，使其均匀分散溶解在蛋液中，静置0.5h-1.0h，使其充分溶胀溶解；
F.灌装：用自动定量灌装机灌装于塑料模具中；
G.加热成型：用带空气压缩机的加热成型锅进行加热成型，锅内压力0.18MPa~0.20MPa，温度控制在90℃~95℃间，加热成型时间40min~50min；
H.卤制：从加热成型锅出来后脱模，放入卤制锅中卤制，卤制温度90~95℃，时间0.5~1.0h；
I.烘干：卤制后送入烘干机中烘干表面水分，烘制温度50~55℃，时间5~8min；
J.真空包装：将烘干后的产品放入包装袋，真空封口；
K.杀菌：将真空包装产品送入高温高压杀菌釜中进行杀菌，杀菌温度121℃，杀菌时间20~25min；
L.成品：将杀菌后的产品冷却即得成品。
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