CN103859375A - 一种有助于增强免疫力的养生保健食品配方及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种有助于增强免疫力的养生保健食品配方及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种有助于增强免疫力的养生保健食品配方及其制备方法。它包括下列重量份数比的原料：枸杞子1000份、黄精1000份、茯苓1000份、山药1500份、桑葚1000份、大枣1000份、阿胶600份、银耳600份。本发明制备工艺采用传统水煎提取方法，提取物直接分装入袋，工艺简单、服用方便。本发明应用于增强免疫力领域。
Description
技术领域
本发明公开了一种有助于增强免疫力的养生保健食品配方及其制备方法。
背景技术
免疫力是人体自身的防御机制，是人体识别和消灭外来侵入的任何异物(病毒、细菌等)，处理衰老、损伤、死亡、变性的自身细胞以及识别和处理体内突变细胞和病毒感染细胞的能力。随着现代人们生活节奏的加快，工作压力的增加，导致越来越多的人们处于免疫力低下的状态，出现体质虚弱、营养不良、精神萎靡、疲乏无力、食欲降低、睡眠障碍等表现，长此以往会导致身体和智力发育不良，还易诱发重大疾病。改善免疫力低下，增强自身免疫力，提高身体素质、保证生活质量非常重要。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种有助于增强免疫力的养生保健食品配方及其制备方法。
本发明是由下述重量份数的原料制成的：枸杞子600-1400份、黄精600-1500份、茯苓600-1500份、山药1000-2000份、桑葚800-1300份、大枣400-1700份、阿胶100-1100份、银耳100-1200份。
以上各成分的最佳重量配比是：枸杞子1000份、黄精1000份、茯苓1000份、山药1500份、桑葚1000份、大枣1000份、阿胶600份、银耳600份。
一、本发明制备方法包括以下步骤：
(1)将配方中各原料置于煮提锅中，浸润30分钟，然后加入10倍量的去离子水，室温浸泡2小时后加热至沸腾，煮沸提取2小时，倾出水提液，过滤。
(2)再次加入原料10倍量的去离子水，煮沸提取2小时，倾出水提液，过滤。
(3)合并步骤(1)、(2)所得滤液，冷却至室温，离心30分钟，弃去沉淀，收集上清液。
(4)将步骤(3)所得的滤液浓缩至药液比为1∶2(60℃)，添加天然吸附澄清剂(北京正天成澄清技术有限公司)，离心30分钟，弃去沉淀，收集上清液；
(5)将步骤(4)所得的上清液浓缩至相对密度≥1.27g·mL-1(60℃)，干燥，粉碎，分装成10克的小包装。
本发明的配方组成合理，制作工艺科学，携带及食用方便。长期食用本品能有效增强自身免疫系统功能，抵抗疾病侵袭，解决感冒反复发作、伤口反复感染、腹泻反复发作等问题。
二、用药分析
枸杞子为茄科植物宁夏枸杞Lycium barbarum L.的干燥成熟果实。
【性味与归经】甘、平。归肝、肾经。
【功效】滋补肝肾，益精明目。
【应用】治疗精血不足所致的视力减退、内障目昏、头晕目眩、腰膝酸软、遗精滑泄、耳聋、牙齿松动、须发早白、失眠多梦以及肝肾阴虚，潮热盗汗、消渴等证。
《神农本草经》称枸杞子“久服坚筋骨，轻身不老，耐寒暑”。
《本草汇言》赞之“使气可充，血可补，阳可生，阴可长”。
《本草纲目》记载：“枸杞，补肾生精，养肝，明目，坚筋骨，去疲劳，易颜色，变白，明目安神，令人长寿。”
现代医学研究证实：枸杞子含有甜菜硷、多糖、粗脂肪、粗蛋白、胡萝卜素、维生素A、维生素C、维生素B1、维生素B2及钙、磷、铁、锌、锰、亚油酸等营养成分。枸杞子对免疫有促进作用，同时具有免疫调节作用；可提高血睾酮水平，起强壮作用；对造血功能有促进作用；对正常健康人也有显著升白细胞作用；还有抗氧化、抗衰老、抗疲劳、抗突变、抗肿瘤、降血脂、保肝及抗脂肪肝、降血糖、降血压、补肾、明目、养颜、健脑、排毒、保护生殖系统、抗辐射损伤等功能。
黄精为百合科植物滇黄精(Polygonatum kingianum Coll.et Hemsl.)、黄精(Polygonatumsibiricum Red.)或多花黄精(Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua.)的干燥根茎。
【性味与归经】甘、平。归脾、肺、肾经。
【功效】补气养阴，健脾，润肺，益肾。
【应用】治疗肺金气阴两伤之干咳少痰、肺肾阴虚之劳嗽久咳、脾胃虚弱、体倦乏力、食欲不振、口干食少，能延缓衰老，改善头晕、腰膝酸软、须发早白、精血不足，内热消渴等症。
《本草纲目》：“补诸虚、止寒热、填精髓。”
《日华子本草》：“补五劳七伤，助筋骨，生肌，耐寒暑，益脾胃，润心肺”。
现代医学研究证实：黄精根茎含烟酸、粘液质、醌类，并含黄精多糖甲、乙、丙，黄精低聚糖甲、乙、丙，多糖甲、乙、丙均由葡萄糖、甘露糖、半乳糖醛酸结合而成；低聚糖甲、乙、丙均由葡萄糖和果糖结合而成，另含赖氨酸等11种氨基酸。能提高机体免疫功能和促进DNA、RNA及蛋白质的合成，促进淋巴细胞转化作用；具有显著的抗结核杆菌作用；对多种致病性真菌有抑制作用；对伤寒杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌也有抑制作用；有增加冠脉流量及降压作用，并能降血脂及减轻冠状动脉粥样硬化程度；对肾上腺素引起的血糖过高呈显著抑制作用；还有抑制肾上腺皮质的作用和延缓衰老作用；黄精多糖具有免疫激活作用。
茯苓为多孔菌科真菌茯苓Poria cocos(Schw.)Wolf的干燥菌核。
【性味与归经】甘、淡，平。归心、肺、脾、肾经。
【功效】利水渗湿，健脾宁心。
【应用】用于水肿尿少，痰饮眩悸，脾虚食少，便溏泄泻，心神不安，惊悸失眠。
《日华子本草》：“补五劳七伤，安胎，暖腰膝，开心益智，止健忘。”
《用药心法》：“茯苓，淡能利窍，甘以助阳，除湿之圣药也。味甘平补阳，益脾逐水，生津导气。”
现代医学研究证实：茯苓能增强机体免疫功能，茯苓多糖具有抗胸腺萎缩及抗脾脏增大和抑制肿瘤生长的功能，茯苓多糖灌胃能增强小鼠巨噬细胞吞噬功能，增加ANAE阳性淋巴细胞数，还能使小鼠脾脏抗体分泌细胞数明显增多。茯苓多糖亦能使环磷酰胺所引起的大白鼠白细胞减少加速回升。羧甲基茯苓多糖还有免疫调节、保肝降酶、间接抗病毒、诱生和促诱生干扰素、减轻放射副反应，诱生和促诱生白细胞调节素等多种生理活性。
山药为薯蓣科植物薯蓣Dioscorea opposite Thumb.的干燥根茎。
【性味与归经】甘，平。归肺、脾、肾经。
【功效】补脾养胃，生津益肺，补肾涩精。
【应用】山药味甘性平，作用缓和，不寒不热，既能补气，又能养阴，补而不滞，滋而不腻。乃平补肺脾肾之佳品。多用于消瘦乏力、食少、便溏者，如《本草纲目》云：“益肾气，健脾胃。”因其含有较多的营养成分，又容易消化吸收，可作为食品长期使用。《神农本草经》云其“补中，益气力，长肌肉”，故对于慢性病或病后虚弱，需营养调补而脾运不健者，则是佳品，如薏米山药粥。
现代医学研究证实：山药的主要成分为淀粉酶，能刺激胃肠道运动，促进肠内物排空，增加小肠吸收功能，有助于消化，降压，降糖，防治心血管疾病。山药的提纯淀粉能降低类脂浓度，同时降低主动脉和心脏的糖的浓度及胆固醇的浓度。山药富含多糖，可刺激和调节免疫系统，能增加血液白细胞含量，加强白细胞的吞噬作用，因此山药可作为人们增加免疫能力的保健药。山药中含有蛋白质(包括人体所需要的16种氨基酸)、糖类、维生素类等有效成分，具有较好的延缓衰老的作用，显著延长生命，经常食用山药，有益健康。
桑椹为桑科植物桑Morus alba L.的干燥果穗。
【性味与归经】甘、酸，寒。归肝、肾经。
【功效】滋阴补血，生津润燥。
【应用】适用于眩晕耳鸣、心悸失眠、须发早白、津伤口渴、内热消渴、血虚便秘、目暗，耳鸣、瘰疬、关节不利。
《滇南本草》：“益肾脏而固精，久服黑发明目。”
《随息隐居食谱》：“滋肝肾，充血液，祛风湿，健步履，息虚风，清虚火。”
《本草拾遗》：“利五脏关节，通血气。久服不饥，安魂镇神，令人聪明，变白不老。”
现代医学研究证实：桑椹含糖、鞣酸、苹果酸及维生素B1、B2，C和胡萝卜素。桑椹油的脂肪酸主要由亚油酸和硬脂酸、油酸等组成。有改善皮肤(包括头皮)血液供应，营养肌肤，使皮肤白嫩及乌发等作用，并能延缓衰老，是健体美颜、抗衰老的佳果与良药。常食桑椹可以明目，缓解眼睛疲劳干涩的症状。桑葚具有免疫促进作用，对脾脏有增重作用，对溶血性反应有增强作用，可防止人体动脉硬化、骨骼关节硬化，促进新陈代谢。它可以促进血红细胞的生长，防止白细胞减少，并对治疗糖尿病、贫血、高血压、高血脂、冠心病、神经衰弱等病症具有辅助功效。适量食用能促进胃液分泌，刺激肠蠕动及解除燥热。
大枣为鼠李科植物枣Ziziphus jujube Mill.的干燥成熟果实。
【性味与归经】甘，温。归脾、胃、心经。
【功效】补中益气，养血安神。
【应用】用于脾虚食少，乏力便溏，妇人脏躁。
《本经》：“主心腹邪气，安中养脾，助十二经。平胃气，通九窍，补少气、少津液，身中不足，大惊，四肢重，和百药。”
《别录》：“补中益气，强力，除烦闷，疗心下悬，肠僻澼。”
《日华子本草》：“润心肺，止嗽。补五脏，治虚劳损，除肠胃癣气。”
《药品化义》：“养血补肝。”
《本草再新》：“补中益气，滋肾暖胃，治阴虚。”
现代医学研究证实：大枣中含有多种生物活性物质，如大枣多糖、黄酮类、皂苷类、三萜类、生物碱类、环磷酸腺苷(cAMP)、环磷酸乌苷(cGMP)等，对人体有多种保健治病功效。如抗肿瘤、抗氧化、降血压、降胆固醇、保肝护肝、增强免疫力等保健功能。
阿胶为马科动物驴Equus asinus L.的干燥皮或鲜皮经煎煮、浓缩制成的固体胶。
【性味与归经】甘，平。归肺、肝、肾经。
【功效】补血滋阴，润燥，止血。
【应用】用于血虚萎黄，眩晕心悸，肌痿无力，心烦不眠，虚风内动，肺燥咳嗽，劳嗽咯血，吐血尿血，便血崩漏，妊娠胎漏。
现代医学研究证实：阿胶中主要含明胶蛋白，是一种无脂肪的高蛋白，且不含胆固醇，是一种天然营养型的食品增稠剂。食用后既不会使人发胖，也不会导致体力下降。明胶还是一种强有力的保护胶体，乳化力强，进入胃后能抑制牛奶、豆浆等蛋白质因胃酸作用而引起的凝聚作用，从而有利于食物消化。阿胶具有止血补血、增强体质、强心补肺、强筋健骨、美肤养颜等功效。
银耳为真菌类银耳科银耳Tremella，又称白木耳、雪耳、银耳子等，有“菌中之冠”的美称。
【性味与归经】味甘、淡、平；归肺、胃、肾经。
【功效】滋补生津；润肺养胃。
【应用】用于虚劳咳嗽；痰中带血；津少口渴；病后体虚；气短乏力。
现代医学研究证实：银耳富含维生素D，能防止钙的流失，对生长发育十分有益；因富含硒等微量元素，它可以增强机体抗肿瘤的免疫力。银耳富有天然植物性胶质，加上它的滋阴作用，长期服用可以润肤，并有祛除脸部黄褐斑、雀斑的功效。银耳中的有效成分酸性多糖类物质，能增强人体的免疫力，调动淋巴细胞，加强白细胞的吞噬能力，兴奋骨髓造血功能；银耳多糖具有抗肿瘤作用，能增强肿瘤患者对放疗、化疗的耐受力。银耳中的膳食纤维可助胃肠蠕动，减少脂肪吸收，从而达到减肥的效果。
三、功能学评价
【试验动物】
清洁级昆明种雌性小鼠160只，体重为18～22g。
【试验方法】
1、分组及给药剂量
昆明种小鼠40只，随机分为4组，每组10只，设置阴性对照组、发明产品低、中、高剂量组(分别为人群推荐量的5、10、20倍，即2.5g/kg、5g/kg、10g/kg)，连续灌胃给予发明产品30d，阴性对照组给予等体积蒸馏水，小鼠的灌胃剂量为0.2mL/10g。
2、小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞实验(半体内法)
取昆明种小鼠40只，分组及给药剂量同上，各剂量组连续灌胃30d，制备20％(V/V，用生理盐水配制)的鸡红细胞悬液，每只鼠腹腔注射1mL，间隔30min，颈椎脱臼处死小鼠，正中剪开腹壁皮肤，经腹腔注入生理盐水2mL，转动鼠板1min，然后吸出腹腔洗液1mL，平均滴到2片载玻片上，移置37℃温箱孵育30min，然后于生理盐水中漂洗，晾干，以1∶1丙酮-甲醛溶液固定，4％(V/V)Giemsa-磷酸缓冲液染色3min，再用蒸馏水漂洗晾干，光镜下观察。
3、NK细胞活性测定实验(乳酸脱氢酶LDH测定法)
取昆明种小鼠40只，分组及给药剂量同上，取各剂量组连续灌胃30d，颈椎脱臼处死小鼠，无菌取脾，研磨制成单个细胞悬液，离心，弃上清，将细胞加入0.5mL灭菌水20S，裂解红细胞后加入0.5mL的2倍Hank’s液及8mLHank’s液，离心后悬浮于1640培养液中，1％冰醋酸稀释后计数，调整细胞浓度2×107个/mL。实验前24h将靶细胞(YAC-1细胞)传代培养，调整细胞浓度4×105个/mL。取YAC-1细胞和培养液各100μL加入96孔培养板，YAC-1细胞自然释放孔加YAC-1细胞和培养液各100μL，YAC-1细胞最大释放孔加YAC-1细胞和1％NP-40各100μL，上述各项均设3个复孔。5％CO237℃孵箱培养4h，离心，取上清100μL置于96孔培养板，同时加入LDH基质液100μL，反应5min，每孔加入1moL/L的HCl 30μL，酶标仪490nm处检测光密度值。
4、ConA诱导小鼠淋巴细胞转化实验(MTT法)
取昆明种小鼠40只，分组及给药剂量同上，各剂量组连续灌胃30d，颈椎脱臼处死小鼠，无菌取脾，研磨制成单个细胞悬液。用RPMI-1640培养液调整细胞浓度为3×106个/mL。再将细胞悬液种植于24孔培养板，每孔1mL，加75μL ConA液(相当于7.5μg/mL)作为诱导组，不加为对照组，5％CO237℃孵箱培养72h后，MTT法测定淋巴细胞。
5、小鼠抗体生成实验(Lerne改良玻片法)
取昆明种小鼠40只，分组及给药剂量同上，各剂量组连续灌胃30d，每只鼠腹腔注射2％SRBC 0.2mL进行免疫，4d后脱颈椎处死，取脾脏，制成单个细胞悬液，调整细胞浓度5×106个/mL置于1640培养液中。Lerne改良玻片法计数溶血空斑数。
【试验结果】
1、小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞实验
由表1的结果可见，高剂量组显著升高了小鼠的吞噬率和吞噬指数，与对照组比较有显著性差异(P＜0.05)，表明其具有增加巨噬细胞吞噬能力的作用。
表1发明产品对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞的吞噬率及吞噬指数的影响
注：与阴性对照组比较，*P＜0.05。
2、NK细胞活性测定实验
由表2可见，各剂量组小鼠NK细胞活性均高于阴性对照组，且高剂量组小鼠NK细胞活性明显高于对照组，差异有显著性(P＜0.05)。
表2发明产品对小鼠NK细胞活性的影响
注：与阴性对照组比较，*P＜0.05。
3、ConA诱导小鼠淋巴细胞转化实验
由表3的结果可见，高剂量组对小鼠淋巴细胞的转化能力与对照组比较明显增高，且具有显著性差异(P＜0.05)，说明其对小鼠淋巴细胞的转化具有促进作用。
表3发明产品对小鼠淋巴细胞转化能力的影响
注：与阴性对照组比较，*P＜0.05。
4、小鼠抗体生成实验
由表4的结果可见，中、高剂量组的溶血空斑数与对照组比较有明显增多，且有显著性差异(P＜0.05或P＜0.01)。说明发明产品能促进小鼠的抗体生成。
表4发明产品对溶血空斑数的影响
注：与阴性对照组比较，*P＜0.05，**P＜0.01。
【试验结论】
发明产品对小鼠巨噬细胞吞噬能力、淋巴细胞转化、NK细胞活性以及抗体生成均有明显的提高，说明本品对小鼠的免疫能力具有一定程度的改善和提高作用。
具体实施方式
实施例1提取物及产品的制备
按最佳重量配比称取枸杞子1000份、黄精1000份、茯苓1000份、山药1500份、桑葚1000份、大枣1000份、阿胶600份、银耳600份。加10倍量去离子水煮提2次，每次2小时，煮提液过滤、离心(3000转/分)30分钟，取上清液，浓缩至药液比1∶2(60℃)，后加入天然吸附澄清剂(4％澄清剂A，8％澄清剂B)，然后离心(3000转/分)30分钟，取上清液继续浓缩至相对密度≥1.27g·mL-1(60℃)后，带式干燥，粉碎成细粉，分装成10克左右的小包装。
实施例2产品用于增强免疫力
个案报道
张××，女，35岁。自述感冒不断，感冒成了家常便饭，天气稍微变冷、变凉，来不及加衣服就打喷嚏，而且感冒后要经历好长一段时间才能治好，伤口容易感染，身体哪个部位不小心被划伤后，几天之内伤口就会红肿，甚至流脓。服食本发明产品每日2袋，连续30天后，自我感觉精力充沛，不易疲劳，且很少感冒，得了感冒很快自己就痊愈了。
Claims (4)
1.一种有助于增强免疫力的养生保健食品配方，其特征在于所用的原料及其重量份数：枸杞子600-1400份、黄精600-1500份、茯苓600-1500份、山药1000-2000份、桑葚800-1300份、大枣400-1700份、阿胶100-1100份、银耳100-1200份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种有助于增强免疫力的养生保健食品配方，其特征在于所用的原料及其最佳重量配比：枸杞子1000份、黄精1000份、茯苓1000份、山药1500份、桑葚1000份、大枣1000份、阿胶600份、银耳600份。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种有助于增强免疫力的养生保健食品配方及其制备方法，其特征在于制备过程按以下步骤进行：
(1)将配方中各原料置于煮提锅中，浸润30分钟，然后加入10倍量的去离子水，室温浸泡2小时；然后加热至沸腾，煮沸提取2小时，倾出水提液，过滤；
(2)再次加入原料10倍量的去离子水，煮沸提取2小时，倾出水提液，过滤；
(3)合并步骤(1)、(2)所得滤液，冷却，离心，弃去沉淀，收集上清液；
(4)将步骤(3)所得的滤液浓缩，添加天然吸附澄清剂，弃去沉淀，收集上清液；
(5)将步骤(4)所得的上清液浓缩，干燥，粉碎，分装成10克的小包装。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种有助于增强免疫力的养生保健食品配方，其特征在于：本发明用于增强自身免疫系统功能，抵抗疾病侵袭，解决感冒反复发作、伤口反复感染、腹泻反复发作等问题。
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| CN104824656A (zh) * | 2015-05-28 | 2015-08-12 | 合肥市开平食品贸易有限责任公司 | 一种增强身体抗疲劳能力的食品配方及其制备方法 |
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| CN104921115A (zh) * | 2015-05-28 | 2015-09-23 | 合肥市开平食品贸易有限责任公司 | 一种增强抵抗力保健食品配方及其制备方法 |
| CN104921116A (zh) * | 2015-05-28 | 2015-09-23 | 合肥市开平食品贸易有限责任公司 | 一种增强免疫力保健食品配方及其制备方法 |
| CN104939079A (zh) * | 2015-05-28 | 2015-09-30 | 合肥市开平食品贸易有限责任公司 | 一种延缓衰老的食品配方及其制备方法 |
| CN104939077A (zh) * | 2015-05-28 | 2015-09-30 | 合肥市开平食品贸易有限责任公司 | 一种提高身体抵抗力的食品配方及其制备方法 |
| CN105876589A (zh) * | 2016-04-27 | 2016-08-24 | 佛山市聚成生化技术研发有限公司 | 一种具有调节免疫力功效的泡腾片饮料 |
| CN109700999A (zh) * | 2019-03-14 | 2019-05-03 | 湖南补天药业股份有限公司 | 一种具有提升白细胞含量的膏滋及其制备方法 |
| CN109700999B (zh) * | 2019-03-14 | 2022-04-08 | 湖南补天药业股份有限公司 | 一种具有提升白细胞含量的膏滋及其制备方法 |
| CN111840312A (zh) * | 2020-06-30 | 2020-10-30 | 芜湖职业技术学院 | 一种具有增强卵母细胞及胚胎发育成熟的枸杞多糖组合物 |
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