CN103689562A - 一种有助于缓解疲劳的养生保健食品配方及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种有助于缓解疲劳的养生保健食品配方及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种有助于缓解疲劳的养生保健食品配方及其制备方法；它包括下列重量份数比的原料，枸杞子1000份、黄精1000份、茯苓1000份、山药1500份、桑椹1000份、砂仁500份、肉桂300份、丁香200份、乌梅900份。本发明的配方组成合理，制作工艺科学，携带及食用方便。有助于缓解运动疲劳及人体亚健康症状的易于疲劳、精力不足，体力不支等情况。
Description
技术领域
本发明公开了一种有助于缓解疲劳的养生保健食品配方及其制备方法。
背景技术
运动性疲劳在人体中可分为躯体性疲劳和心理性疲劳，这两种不同性质的疲劳具有不同表现形式。躯体性疲劳主要表现为运动能力下降；心理性疲劳主要表现为行为的改变。人体的各个部位，从中枢大脑皮层细胞到骨骼肌基本收缩单位都能产生疲劳。所以无论是体力劳动负担比较重的人，还是脑力劳动繁重者都会产生运动性疲劳。自本世纪以来，研究人员从不同的角度对运动性疲劳进行了大量的研究，提出运动应激性代谢加强的负效应可能是运动性疲劳发生的根本原因。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种有助于缓解疲劳的养生保健食品配方及其制备方法。
本发明是由下述重量份数的原料制成的：枸杞子600-1400份、黄精600-1500份、茯苓600-1500份、山药1000-2000份、桑椹800-1300份、砂仁300-700份、肉桂100-500份、丁香100-300份、乌梅600-1200份。
本发明的较好重量配比为：枸杞子700-1300份、黄精700-1400份、茯苓700-1400份、山药1200-1800份、桑椹900-1200份、砂仁400-600份、肉桂200-400份、丁香150-250份、乌梅700-1100份。
以上各成分的最佳重量配比是：枸杞子1000份、黄精1000份、茯苓1000份、山药1500份、桑椹1000份、砂仁500份、肉桂300份、丁香200份、乌梅900份。
本发明制备方法包括以下步骤：
(1)将配方中各药材置于煮提锅中，浸润30分钟，然后加入10倍量的去离子水，室温浸泡2小时；然后加热至沸腾，煮沸提取2小时，倾出水提液，过滤；
(2)再次加入药材10倍量的去离子水，煮沸提取2小时，倾出水提液，过滤；
(3)合并步骤(1)、(2)所得滤液，冷却，离心，弃去沉淀，收集上清液；
(4)将步骤(3)所得的滤液浓缩，添加天然吸附澄清剂，弃去沉淀，收集上清液；
(5)将步骤(4)所得的上清液浓缩，干燥，粉碎，分装成10克的小包装。
本发明的配方组成合理，制作工艺科学，携带及食用方便。有助于缓解运动疲劳及人体亚健康症状的易于疲劳、精力不足，体力不支等情况。
用药分析
枸杞子为茄科植物宁夏枸杞Lycium barbarum L.的干燥成熟果实。
【性味与归经】甘、平。归肝、肾经。
【功效与应用】滋补肝肾，益精明目。治疗精血不足所致的视力减退、内障目昏、头晕目眩、腰膝酸软、遗精滑泄、耳聋、牙齿松动、须发早白、失眠多梦以及肝肾阴虚，潮热盗汗、消渴等证。
《神农本草经》称枸杞子“久服坚筋骨，轻身不老，耐寒暑”。
《本草汇言》赞之“使气可充，血可补，阳可生，阴可长”。
《本草纲目》记载：“枸杞，补肾生精，养肝，明目，坚筋骨，去疲劳，易颜色，变白，明目安神，令人长寿。”
现代医学研究证实：其含有甜菜硷、多糖、粗脂肪、粗蛋白、胡萝卜素、维生素A、维生素C、维生素B1、维生素B2及钙、磷、铁、锌、锰、亚油酸等营养成分，现代医学研究证明：枸杞子对免疫有促进作用，同时具有免疫调节作用；可提高血睾酮水平，起强壮作用；对造血功能有促进作用；对正常健康人也有显著升白细胞作用；还有抗氧化、抗衰老、抗疲劳、抗突变、抗肿瘤、降血脂、保肝及抗脂肪肝、降血糖、降血压、补肾、明目、养颜、健脑、排毒、保护生殖系统、抗辐射损伤十六项功能。
黄精为百合科植物滇黄精Polygonatum kingianum Coll.et Hemsl.、黄精Polygonatumsibiricum Red.或多花黄精Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua.的干燥根茎。
【性味与归经】甘、平。归脾、肺、肾经。
【功效与应用】补气养阴，健脾，润肺，益肾。治疗肺金气阴两伤之干咳少痰、肺肾阴虚之劳嗽久咳、脾胃虚弱、体倦乏力、食欲不振、口干食少，能延缓衰老，改善头晕、腰膝酸软、须发早白、精血不足，内热消渴等症。
《本草纲目》：“补诸虚、止寒热、填精髓。”
《日华子本草》：“补五劳七伤，助筋骨，生肌，耐寒暑，益脾胃，润心肺”。
现代医学研究证实：黄精根茎含烟酸、粘液质、醌类，并含黄精多糖甲、乙、丙，黄精低聚糖甲、乙、丙，多糖甲、乙、丙均由葡萄糖、甘露糖、半乳糖醛酸结合而成；低聚糖甲、乙、丙均由葡萄糖和果糖结合而成，另含赖氨酸等11种氨基酸。能提高机体免疫功能和促进DNA、RNA及蛋白质的合成，促进淋巴细胞转化作用；具有显著的抗结核杆菌作用；对多种致病性真菌有抑制作用；对伤寒杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌也有抑制作用；有增加冠脉流量及降压作用，并能降血脂及减轻冠状动脉粥样硬化程度；对肾上腺素引起的血糖过高呈显著抑制作用；还有抑制肾上腺皮质的作用和延缓衰老作用；黄精多糖具有免疫激活作用。
茯苓为多孔菌科真菌茯苓Poria cocos(Schw.)Wolf的干燥菌核。
【性味与归经】甘、淡，平。归心、肺、脾、肾经。
【功效与应用】利水渗湿，健脾宁心。用于水肿尿少，痰饮眩悸，脾虚食少，便溏泄泻，心神不安，惊悸失眠。
《日华子本草》：“补五劳七伤，安胎，暖腰膝，开心益智，止健忘。”
《用药心法》：“茯苓，淡能利窍，甘以助阳，除湿之圣药也。味甘平补阳，益脾逐水，生津导气。”
现代医学研究证实：茯苓能增强机体免疫功能，茯苓多糖具有抗胸腺萎缩及抗脾脏增大和抑制肿瘤生长的功能，茯苓多糖灌胃能增强小鼠巨噬细胞吞噬功能，增加ANAE阳性淋巴细胞数，还能使小鼠脾脏抗体分泌细胞数明显增多。茯苓多糖亦能使环磷酰胺所引起的大白鼠白细胞减少加速回升。羧甲基茯苓多糖还有免疫调节、保肝降酶、间接抗病毒、诱生和促诱生干扰素、减轻放射副反应，诱生和促诱生白细胞调节素等多种生理活性。
山药为薯蓣科植物薯蓣Dioscorea opposite Thumb.的干燥根茎。
【性味与归经】甘，平。归肺、脾、肾经，乃平补肺脾肾之佳品。
【功效与应用】补脾养胃，生津益肺，补肾涩精。用于脾虚食少，久泻不止，肺虚喘咳，肾虚遗精，带下，尿频，虚热消渴。麸炒山药补脾健胃。用于脾虚食少，泄泻便溏，白带过多。
《本草求真》：“入滋阴药中宜生用，入补脾肺药宜炒黄用。”“本属食物，气虽温而却平，为补脾肺之阴。是以能润皮毛，长肌肉，......味甘兼咸，又能益肾强阴。”
《本草纲目》：“益肾气，健脾胃。”因其含有较多的营养成分，又容易消化吸收，可作为食品长期使用。
《神农本草经》：“补中，益气力，长肌肉”，故对于慢性病或病后虚弱，需营养调补而脾运不健者，则是佳品，如薏米山药粥。
现代医学研究证实：山药的主要成分为淀粉酶，能刺激胃肠道运动，促进肠内物排空，增加小肠吸收功能，有助于消化，降压，降糖，防治心血管疾病。山药的提纯淀粉能降低类脂浓度，同时降低主动脉和心脏的糖的浓度及胆固醇的浓度。山药富含多糖，可刺激和调节免疫系统，能增加血液白细胞含量，加强白细胞的吞噬作用，因此山药可作为人们增加免疫能力的保健药。山药中含有蛋白质(包括人体所需要的16种氨基酸)、糖类、维生素类等有效成分，具有较好的延缓衰老的作用，显著延长生命，经常食用山药，有益健康。
桑椹为桑科植物桑Morus alba L.的干燥果穗。
【性味与归经】甘、酸，寒。归肝、肾经。
【功效与应用】滋阴补血，生津润燥。适用于眩晕耳鸣、心悸失眠、须发早白、津伤口渴、内热消渴、血虚便秘、目暗，耳鸣、瘰疬、关节不利。
《滇南本草》：“益肾脏而固精，久服黑发明目。”
《随息隐居食谱》：“滋肝肾，充血液，祛风湿，健步履，息虚风，清虚火。”
《本草拾遗》：“利五脏关节，通血气。久服不饥，安魂镇神，令人聪明，变白不老。”
现代医学研究证实：桑椹含糖、鞣酸、苹果酸及维生素B 1、B2，C和胡萝卜素。桑椹油的脂肪酸主要由亚油酸和硬脂酸、油酸等组成。有改善皮肤(包括头皮)血液供应，营养肌肤，使皮肤白嫩及乌发等作用，并能延缓衰老，是健体美颜、抗衰老的佳果与良药。常食桑椹可以明目，缓解眼睛疲劳干涩的症状。桑椹具有免疫促进作用，对脾脏有增重作用，对溶血性反应有增强作用，可防止人体动脉硬化、骨骼关节硬化，促进新陈代谢。它可以促进血红细胞的生长，防止白细胞减少，并对治疗糖尿病、贫血、高血压、高血脂、冠心病、神经衰弱等病症具有辅助功效。适量食用能促进胃液分泌，刺激肠蠕动及解除燥热。
砂仁为姜科植物阳春砂Amomum villosum Lour.、绿壳砂Amomum villosum Lour.var.xanthioides T.L.Wu et Senjen或海南砂Amomum longiligulare T.L. Wu的干燥成熟果实。
【性味与归经】辛，温。归脾、胃、肾经。
【功效与应用】化湿开胃，温脾止泻，理气安胎。用于湿浊中阻，脘痞不饥，脾胃虚寒，呕吐泄泻，妊娠恶阻，胎动不安。
《日华子本草》：“治一切气，霍乱转筋，心腹痛。”
《药性论》：“主冷气腹痛，止休息气痢，劳损，消化水谷，温暖脾胃。”
《医林纂要》：“润肾，补肝，补命门，和脾胃，开郁结。”
现代医学研究证实：砂仁含挥发油，油中含乙酸龙脑酯、樟脑、樟烯、柠檬烯、β-蒎烯、苦橙油醇及α-蒎烯、莰烯、桉油精、芳樟醇、α-胡椒烯、愈创木醇等。另含黄酮类成分。能增进肠道运动；抑制血小板聚集。
肉桂为樟科植物肉桂Cinnamomum cassia Presl的干燥树皮。
【性味与归经】辛、甘，大热。归肾、脾、心、肝经。
【功效与应用】补火助阳，引火归元，散寒止痛，温通经脉。用于阳痿宫冷，腰膝冷痛，肾虚作喘，虚阳上浮，眩晕目赤，心腹冷痛，虚寒吐泻，寒疝腹痛，痛经经闭。
《日华子本草》：“治一切风气，补五劳七伤，通九窍，利关节，益精，明目，暖腰膝，破痃癖症瘕，消瘀血，治风痹骨节挛缩，续筋骨，生肌肉。”
《神农本草经》：“主上气咳逆，结气喉痹吐吸，利关节，补中益气。”
现代医学研究证实：桂皮油有芳香性健胃作用，能刺激嗅觉，反射性地促进胃机能，亦能直接对胃黏膜有缓和的刺激作用，使分泌增加，蠕动增强。肉桂制剂能使舒张压得到较充分提高，冠状动脉及脑动脉灌注压相应增高，促进心肌及胸部侧支循环开放，从而改变其血液供应，呈现对心肌的保护作用。桂皮油吸收后由肺排出，使粘液稀释，呈现祛痰镇咳作用。肉桂中的二萜类成份有抗补体作用。肉桂中含有黄烷醇多酚类抗氧化物质，能提高胰岛素对血糖水平的稳定作用和降低胰岛素抵抗。
丁香为桃金娘科植物丁香Eugenia caryophyllata Thunb.的干燥花蕾。
【性味与归经】辛，温。归脾、胃、肺、肾经。
【功效与应用】温中降逆，补肾助阳。用于脾胃虚寒，呃逆呕吐，食少吐泻，心腹冷痛，肾虚阳痿。
《日华子本草》：“治口气，反胃，疗肾气，奔豚气，阴痛，壮阳，暖腰膝，杀酒毒，消痃癖，除冷劳。”
《医林纂要》：“补肝、润命门，暖胃、去中寒，泻肺、散风湿。”
《本草再新》：“开九窍，舒郁气，去风，行水。”
现代医学研究证实：丁香为芳香健胃剂，可缓解腹部气胀、增强消化能力、减轻恶心呕吐。研究表明：丁香浸出液有刺激胃酸和胃蛋白酶分泌的作用。丁香水提物通过提高小鼠在低氧条件下的氧利用能力，增强小鼠常压密闭下抗缺氧的能力。
乌梅为蔷薇科植物梅Prunus mume(Sieb.)Sieb.et Zucc.的干燥近成熟果实。
【性味与归经】酸、涩，平。归肝、脾、肺、大肠经。
【功效与应用】敛肺，涩肠，生津，安蛔。用于肺虚久咳，久泻久痢，虚热消渴，蛔厥呕吐腹痛。
《神农本草经》：“主下气，除热烦满，安心，肢体痛，偏枯不仁，死肌，去青黑痣、恶肉。”
《日华子本草》：“除劳，治骨蒸，去烦闷，涩肠止痢，消酒毒，治偏枯皮肤麻痹，去黑点，令人得睡。”
《本草拾遗》：“去痰，主疟瘴，止渴调中，除冷热痢，止吐逆。”
现代医学研究证实：乌梅含柠檬酸19％、苹果酸15％、琥珀酸、碳水化合物、谷甾醇、蜡样物质及齐墩果酸样物质。经加工而成的乌梅干含柠檬酸50％、苹果酸20％，亦含有强杀菌性及提高肝脏功能的成分苦味酸及具有解热镇痛作用的苦扁桃苷。乌梅果肉中尚含有较高活性的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)。
功能学评价
1、试验动物
昆明种小鼠120只，雌雄各半，约7周龄，体重(20±2)g。
2、试验方法
将40只小鼠随机分成4组，设低、中、高三个试验组(每只饲喂计量分别为2.5g/kg、5g/kg、10g/kg)和一个正常对照组(生理盐水)，每组10只，每天定时灌胃，灌胃量为0.2ml/10g，连续灌胃45天。自由采食和饮水，定期更换饲料，保持环境清洁。
(1)小白鼠负重游泳试验
取小鼠40只，饲养方法同上。灌服本发明产品30min后，将小白鼠尾根部负荷4％体重的重物，将其置于游泳箱内游泳，每次5只，并保证其不停游动，水深30cm，水温(25±0.5)℃，记录小鼠自游泳开始至死亡的时间。
(2)小鼠血清尿素氮(BUG)测定
取小鼠40只，饲养方法同上。灌服本发明产品30min后，在温度为30℃的水中不负重游泳90min，休息60min后眼静脉采血0.5mL(不加抗凝剂)，置4℃冰箱约3h，血凝固后2000r/min离心15min，取血清后用二乙酰-肟法测定，按血清尿素氮试剂盒说明书要求操作。
(3)小鼠红细胞超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性与丙二醛(MDA)含量的测定
取小鼠40只，饲养方法同上。灌服本发明产品30min后，称重，尾静脉采血40mL，制备红细胞抽提液测定SOD活性；眼静脉采血0.5mL，分离血清并测定其中MDA含量，试验过程严格按照检测试剂盒说明书进行。
3、试验结果
(1)本发明产品对小鼠负重游泳及BUG含量的影响
与正常对照组比较，受试样品低、中、高剂量组小鼠游泳时间差别无统计学意义，但BUG含量降低，差别有统计学意义(P＜0.01)。见表1。
表1本发明产品对小鼠负重游泳能力和BUG含量的影响(n＝10)
注：与正常对照组相比，**P＜0.01。
(2)本发明产品对小鼠红细胞SOD含量及血清MDA含量的影响
与正常对照组比较，受试样品低、中、高剂量组小鼠SOD活性增强，差别有统计学意义(P＜0.01)，低剂量组MDA含量有显著差异(P＜0.05)，中、高剂量组的MDA含量有极显著差异(P＜0.01)。见表2。
表2本发明对小鼠红细胞SOD活性与血清MDA含量的影响(n＝10)
注：与正常对照组相比，*P＜0.05，**P＜0.01。
4、试验结论
由表1，表2可以看出，本发明对缓解疲劳，提高机体抗氧化能力有一定的疗效。
具体实施方式
实施例1提取物及产品的制备
按最佳重量配比称取枸杞子1000份、黄精1000份、茯苓1000份、山药1500份、桑椹1000份、砂仁500份、肉桂300份、丁香200份、乌梅900份。加10倍量去离子水煮提2次，每次2小时，煮提液过滤、离心(3000转/分)30分钟，取上清液，浓缩至药液比1∶2(60℃)，后加入天然吸附澄清剂，然后离心(3000转/分)30分钟，取上清液继续在浓缩至相对密度≥1.27g·ml-1后，带式干燥，粉碎成细粉，分装成10克左右的小包装。
实施例2产品对易疲劳人群的治疗
患者张某，男，35岁，都市白领，每天工作十六七个小时，生活紧张、缺乏运动。出现体质虚弱、精神萎靡、疲乏无力、食欲降低、睡眠障碍等症状。
疗效：服用两周后，发现食欲增强，精神状态好转，失眠情况减轻。于是继续服用三个月。患者自述已经完全没有以上症状了。
Claims (5)
1.一种有助于缓解疲劳的养生保健食品配方，其特征在于所用的原料及其重量份数：枸杞子600-1400份、黄精600-1500份、茯苓600-1500份、山药1000-2000份、桑椹800-1300份、砂仁300-700份、肉桂100-500份、丁香100-300份、乌梅600-1200份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种有助于缓解疲劳的养生保健食品配方，其特征在于所用的原料及其重量份数：枸杞子700-1300份、黄精700-1400份、茯苓700-1400份、山药1200-1800份、桑椹900-1200份、砂仁400-600份、肉桂200-400份、丁香150-250份、乌梅700-1100份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种有助于缓解疲劳的养生保健食品配方，其特征在于所用的原料及其重量份数：枸杞子1000份、黄精1000份、茯苓1000份、山药1500份、桑椹1000份、砂仁500份、肉桂300份、丁香200份、乌梅900份。
4.根据权利要求1、2或3所述的一种有助于缓解疲劳的养生保健食品的制备方法，其特征在于制备过程按以下步骤进行：
(1)将配方中各药材置于煮提锅中，浸润30分钟，然后加入10倍量的去离子水，室温浸泡2小时；然后加热至沸腾，煮沸提取2小时，倾出水提液，过滤；
(2)再次加入药材10倍量的去离子水，煮沸提取2小时，倾出水提液，过滤；
(3)合并步骤(1)、(2)所得滤液，冷却，离心，弃去沉淀，收集上清液；
(4)将步骤(3)所得的滤液浓缩，添加天然吸附澄清剂，弃去沉淀，收集上清液；
(5)将步骤(4)所得的上清液浓缩，干燥，粉碎，分装成10克的小包装。
5.根据权利要求1、2或3所述的一种有助于缓解疲劳的养生保健食品配方，其特征在于：本发明有助于缓解运动疲劳及人体亚健康症状的易于疲劳、精力不足，体力不支等情况。
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