CN115024490A - 一种具有缓解体力疲劳作用的组合物及其制备方法和用途 - Google Patents
一种具有缓解体力疲劳作用的组合物及其制备方法和用途 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种具有缓解体力疲劳作用的组合物及其制备方法和用途,本发明的组合物主要由下列原料药制备而成:枸杞、山药、茯苓、龙眼肉、核桃仁。本发明提供的组合物多为药食同源品,经科学合理配伍后可起到缓解体力疲劳的功效,同时可以为人体提供蛋白质、碳水化合物、氨基酸等营养保健成分,是一种天然的功能性保健产品。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及保健食品领域,具体涉及一种具有缓解体力疲劳作用的组合物及其制备方法和用途。
背景技术
近年来,疲劳成为危害人类健康的重要因素,引起人们广泛的关注。疲劳是指由于过度的躯体或脑力活动引起的能力或效率下降,具体表现在能量缺乏,认知功能下降,躯体活动功能下降,不良情绪等。疲劳的产生可主要归纳为如下几个方面:能量物质耗竭,代谢产物堆积,内环境稳定性失调,大脑产生的保护性抑制,生理指标的突变,自由基的大量积累。机体长期处于疲劳状态会对脑组织、心脑血管系统、免疫系统、肌肉组织、皮肤、肝脏等人体组织器官产生危害。
随着现代社会生活节奏加快、社会竞争日益激烈,人们长期处于忙碌状态,容易导致疲劳,影响人们的生活、学习和工作。如今,疲劳严重影响人们的健康,但是目前对疲劳还没有完整的干预方案。而用于抗疲劳的保健品主要是咖啡因类,如红牛维生素功能饮料、三勒浆抗疲劳液等。这类产品能改善人们的精神状态和体能,其主要针对大脑皮质、神经中枢或交感神经,使得大脑兴奋、消除睡意,从而达到抗疲劳功能。但长期使用后易产生干扰睡眠、神经紊乱等一系列副作用,会对人体造成不良影响。因此筛选安全有效的抗疲劳活性成分并设计与开发抗疲劳产品符合当前市场需求,对人类健康有十分重要的意义。
目前,以中药研发抗疲劳作用的保健产品有着辨证施治、协调作用好、疗效明确、副作用少等优势,抗疲劳作用的大健康产品已成为研发的热点。我国研究人员运用现代科技手段对中药进行了深入研究,发现了一些新的抗疲劳药用植物,主要有枸杞、山药、核桃仁、茯苓、龙眼肉、肉桂、肉苁蓉、杜仲、黄芪、玛咖、芜菁等。以上这些天然植物资源为抗疲劳产品的开发提供了丰富的原料和广阔的发展空间。中药是我国的瑰宝,自古以来就有以药养生的传统,所以以药食同源中药为基础开发出对缓解体力疲劳作用的保健食品前景广阔。据文献统计,在药食同源品中作为保健食品原料使用频率较高的依次为人参、枸杞子。其中,枸杞子作为第一批被国家认可的药食同源的中药材,其具有丰富的缓解体力疲劳活性成分,并且服用正常量的枸杞子未见不良反应报道。因此,无论是在临床药用价值还是开发保健食品等方面都具有广阔的潜力和前景。
在此背景条件下,经查阅大量资料,筛选了诸多关于枸杞子缓解体力疲劳的方剂及药膳。其中,由枸杞子、核桃仁、山药、茯苓、龙眼肉组成的方剂,具有补精益气、补肾填精的作用,适于防治全身乏力、运动功能下降等。方中枸杞子甘润而滋补,长于滋补肝肾、为肝肾真阴不足、劳乏内热补益之要药,为君药;山药甘平,健脾补肺,补肾益精,为臣药;茯苓健脾宁心,佐助山药补脾之功;核桃仁甘温,长于补肾温肺,润肠,佐助枸杞子补肾之功。二者为佐药;龙眼肉味甘,气香性平,色赤,为养心脾气血之要药,为使药。本方对于缓解体力疲劳有一定地改善作用。
枸杞子(Lycium barbarum L.),又称红耳坠,是茄科植物枸杞的果实。味甘,性平,归肝肾经,具有滋补肝肾,益气安神、养肝明目、强身健体的功效。枸杞子自古以来就是滋补佳品。据《本草纲目》记载:“枸杞,补肾生精,养肝,明目,坚精骨,去疲劳,易颜色,变白,明目安神,令人长寿”。《名医别录》谓枸杞擅长“补益精气”。《神农本草经》中就指出:“久服,坚筋骨,轻身不老,耐寒暑。”《食疗本草》也记载枸杞“能益人,去虚劳”。枸杞子配伍其他药材具有益气补血、延年增智、养肝明目、益肾生精、乌须发、强筋骨等多种功效。其中,与枸杞配伍具有缓解体力疲劳作用的古方颇多,如“杞味茶”、“黄芪枸杞汤”、“杞圆膏”、“养血填精汤”等。
山药为薯蓣科植物薯蓣(Dioscorea opposita Thunb.)的干燥根茎,是我国传统的药食同源食物之一,因其较好的药用保健功效和糯香可口的风味品质深得世人喜爱,一直受到广大药物及农业研究者的关注。我国自夏、商起便开始种植山药,明清以来逐渐将其应用为药材,《神农本草经》、《本草纲目》均将其列为上品。山药性甘,平。归脾、肺、肾经。功效是补脾养胃,生津益肺,补肾涩精。
茯苓,为多孔菌科真菌茯苓[Poria cocos(Schw.)Wolf]的干燥菌核,寄生于松科植物赤松或马尾松等树根上。茯苓性平,味甘、淡,归心、肺、脾、肾经,是中国的传统中药,也是药食两用的大宗中药材,有“十方九茯苓”之说。茯苓多糖为茯苓的的主要成分,具有免疫调节、抗疲劳、保肝、保护胃黏膜等功效。
核桃泛指胡桃科核桃属中的乔木植物。素有“木本粮油之王”、“健脑之果”、“长寿之果”、“美容之果”的美称。
核桃仁(Juglans regia L.)主要成分有脂类、糖类、蛋白质及丰富的维生素和矿物质,还有很多的微量元素。实验证明核桃仁有抗氧化、健脑保健、抑菌、抗肿瘤、抗疲劳、增强抵抗力及降血糖等功效。
龙眼肉(Dimocarpus longan Lour.)是无患子科(Sapindaceae)龙眼属(Dimocarpus)常绿果树,乔木,为药食两用植物,自古以来被视为珍贵补品。龙眼肉营养丰富,具有补心益脾,养血安神,强魄健体之功效。我国古代的医学著作对龙眼肉有很高的评价,如《本草纲目》称龙眼有“开胃健脾,补虚益智”等功效。
目前以枸杞、山药、茯苓、龙眼肉、核桃仁为原料配伍制成缓解体力疲劳的食品国内外尚未见报道,因此,开发这些原料的潜质,研发一种具有缓解体力疲劳的保健食品及其制备方法,是目前亟需的一种发展方向。
发明内容
本发明以枸杞、山药、茯苓、龙眼肉、核桃仁为主要原料,通过科学配伍,合理搭配,研制一系列安全可靠、口感佳、携带方便,可作为长期食用的、具有缓解体力疲劳作用的健康品和食品。同时可以为人体提供多种矿物质、氨基酸等营养成分。
一种具有缓解体力疲劳作用的组合物,其原料包含枸杞、山药、茯苓、龙眼肉、核桃仁成分。
进一步地,所述组合物的原料中有效成分枸杞、山药、茯苓、龙眼肉、核桃仁的重量比为8-10:5-10:4-8:2-6:5-9、8-10:8-10:6-8:4-6:7-9、9-10:9-10:7-8:5-6:8-9、5-12:8-10:6-8:2-8:5-10、6-10:6-10:5-8:3-6:6-9、5-10:5-10:4-8:2-6:5-9或者4-10:4-10:3-8:1-6:4-9。
进一步地,所述组合物的原料中有效成分枸杞、山药、茯苓、龙眼肉、核桃仁的重量比为8:8:6:4:7、9:9:7:5:8、7:7:5:3:6、6:6:5:3:6、5:5:4:2:5或者4:4:3:1:4;优选5:5:4:2:5。
进一步地,所述组合物可选硬糖、颗粒剂、片剂、凝胶软糖、固体饮料的形式;优选硬糖的形式。
进一步地,所述组合物中还包含辅料成分。
另一方面,本申请提供了枸杞、山药、茯苓、龙眼肉、核桃仁在制备缓解体力疲劳的保健品或食品中的应用,其中枸杞、山药、茯苓、龙眼肉、核桃仁的重量比为8-10:5-10:4-8:2-6:5-9、8-10:8-10:6-8:4-6:7-9、9-10:9-10:7-8:5-6:8-9、5-12:8-10:6-8:2-8:5-10、6-10:6-10:5-8:3-6:6-9、5-10:5-10:4-8:2-6:5-9或者4-10:4-10:3-8:1-6:4-9。
进一步的枸杞、山药、茯苓、龙眼肉、核桃仁的重量比为8:8:6:4:7、9:9:7:5:8、7:7:5:3:6、6:6:5:3:6、5:5:4:2:5或者4:4:3:1:4;优选5:5:4:2:5。
另一方面,本申请提供了制备上述组合物的方法,所述方法包括:(1)将枸杞、山药、茯苓、龙眼肉、核桃仁按溶剂量6~12倍加水提取,提取1-3次,每次0.5-2h,将提取液浓缩至干固物含量为35%~65%。
进一步地,提取温度为100℃。
进一步地,所述方法还包括:
(2)所得提取物按比例加入辅料,混合,即制备得到具有缓解体力疲劳作用的组合物;
或者,
(2)加入适量代糖辅料、酸味剂、香精;
(3)将步骤(2)中的代糖辅料用纯水化糖,糖粉与水混合均匀,待糖液呈细丝状不易折断后冷却,加入干固物含量35%-65%的药材浸膏、酸味剂及香精,进一步高温熬糖,待气泡变少及糖液呈细丝状不易折断后停止熬糖,冷却后浇筑模具成型。
或者,
(2)待药液冷却后,密闭冷藏12-24h,得浓缩提取液浸膏;
(3)加入适量代糖辅料,用纯水化糖,加入提取液浸膏、酸味剂及香精,进一步高温熬糖,待气泡变少及糖液呈细丝状不易折断后停止熬糖,冷却后浇筑模具成型。
除上述食品、保健品种类外,其他本领域已知可用的食品、保健品种类也可以用于本申请的组合物,包括但不限于口服液、胶囊、膏剂、各种糖果、各种点心等。其中可用的辅料本领域技术人员可以根据选用的食品、保健品种类常规确定,包括但不限于面粉、鸡蛋、牛奶、奶油、黄油、溶剂、助溶剂、填充剂甜味剂、酸味剂、香料。
上述辅料中酸味剂可选柠檬酸、DL-苹果酸等;香精可选水蜜桃香精、草莓香精、香草香精、甜橙香精、青梅香精、菠萝香精;填充剂选自蔗糖、木糖醇、蔗糖、葡萄糖、麦芽糖醇、异麦芽酮糖醇等。
有益效果:
本申请的技术方案使用保健品、食品中已经广泛使用多年的枸杞、山药、茯苓、龙眼肉、核桃仁为主要原料,安全可靠;本申请通过将上述成分科学配伍,合理搭配,研制了一系列不同形式的、口感佳、携带方便,可长期食用的、具有缓解体力疲劳作用的健康品和食品;适用人群广泛,有良好的开发前景。
附图说明
具体实施方式
以下实施例中枸杞、山药、茯苓、龙眼肉、核桃仁的重量比例为8:8:6:4:7
实施例1代餐饼干的制备
将枸杞、山药、茯苓、龙眼肉、核桃仁,粉碎为20目的粉末,于烘箱中50℃烘干,粉碎,加入牛奶、鸡蛋、黄油,于120℃烤箱中烘焙5分钟后制成代餐饼干。
以下实施例中枸杞、山药、茯苓、龙眼肉、核桃仁的重量比例为9:9:7:5:8
实施例2颗粒剂的制备
(1)提取:将枸杞、山药、茯苓、龙眼肉、核桃仁按比例混合后,加入重量比为10倍的水,调节温度为80~100℃,提取2小时,提取3次。将提取液进行浓缩干燥,即得浓缩提取物。
(2)成型:取步骤(1)获得浓缩提取物,调节密度为1.5g/mL,进行喷雾干燥为80目的粉末,收集药材粉末,加入填充剂、酸味剂或者甜味剂进行湿法制粒,过14目筛,于50℃烘箱干燥1小时后整粒,加入润滑剂混匀,制成颗粒剂。
以下实施例中枸杞、山药、茯苓、龙眼肉、核桃仁的重量比例为7:7:5:3:6
实施例3片剂的制备
(1)提取:将枸杞、山药、茯苓、龙眼肉、核桃仁按比例混合后,加入重量比为10倍的水,调节温度为80~100℃,提取2小时,提取2次。将提取液进行浓缩干燥,即得浓缩提取物。
(2)成型:取步骤(1)获得浓缩提取物,调节密度为1.5g/mL,喷雾干燥为80目的粉末,收集药材粉末,加入填充剂、酸味剂或者甜味剂进行湿法制粒,过14目筛,于50℃烘箱干燥1小时后整粒,加入润滑剂混匀,利用单冲压片机进行压片,制成片剂。以下实施例中枸杞、山药、茯苓、龙眼肉、核桃仁的重量比例为6:6:5:3:6
实施例4凝胶软糖的制备
(1)提取:将枸杞、山药、茯苓、龙眼肉、核桃仁按比例混合后,加入重量比为12倍的水,调节温度为80~100℃,提取1.5小时,提取2次。将提取液进行浓缩干燥,调节密度为1.5g/mL,即得浓缩提取物。
(2)成型:取步骤(1)获得浓缩提取物,添加10份明胶、10份阿拉伯胶、10份淀粉胶、15份白砂糖,进行100℃熬糖,冷却过后倒入模具成型,制成凝胶软糖。
以下实施例中枸杞、山药、茯苓、龙眼肉、核桃仁的重量比例为5:5:4:2:5
实施例5硬糖的制备
(1)将枸杞、山药、茯苓、龙眼肉、核桃仁按比例混合后,加入重量比为12倍的水,调节温度为80~100℃,提取1.5小时,提取2次。将提取液进行浓缩干燥,将水提液浓缩至干固物含量为35%。将代糖辅料用纯水在70℃中化糖,糖粉与水混合均匀,待糖液呈细丝状不易折断后冷却,加入干固物含量35%的药材浸膏、酸味剂及香精,进一步在100℃中高温熬糖,待气泡变少及糖液呈细丝状不易折断后停止熬糖,冷却后浇筑模具成型,待冷却后进行包装封膜,制成硬糖。
以下实施例中枸杞、山药、茯苓、龙眼肉、核桃仁的重量比例为4:4:3:1:4
实施例6固体饮料的制备
(1)将枸杞、山药、茯苓、龙眼肉、核桃仁按比例混合后,加入重量比为10倍的水,调节温度为80~100℃,提取2小时,提取3次。将提取液进行浓缩干燥,即得浓缩提取物。
(2)将提取液进行浓缩干燥,将水提液浓缩至相对密度为1.50g/mL,即得浓缩提取物。
(3)按照重量组份取浓缩提取物20份、填充剂45份,酸味剂0.6份,甜味剂0.8份,香精1份,混匀。以纯水制软材,过14目筛制成颗粒,干燥后包装制成固体饮料。
实施例7硬糖产品的效果实验
根据实施例5所制备的一种缓解体力疲劳作用的保健食品,进行以下试验:
最大耐药量实验
选择40只健康ICR(18~22g)小鼠,雌雄各半。适应性喂养3~5d后,禁食不禁水12h,分为空白雌性、空白雄性、给药雌性、给药雄性四组,对小鼠给予最大溶解度1.36g/mL和最大灌胃容量0.4mL/10g·bw,灌胃一次,继续观察两周后称重处死。期间观察小鼠的摄食量、毛发体重、活动均正常,未见死亡,表明缓解体力疲劳作用的保健食品最大给药量大于54.60g/kg·bw,安全性高。
缓解体力疲劳作用的保健食品动物功能试验
根据卫生部《保健食品检验与评价技术规范》(2003年版)的相关要求,进行该产品保健功能评价试验,试验结果如下:
1、受试动物:健康雄性ICR小鼠(18~22g),200只。
2、实验动物分组:将实验动物分为四个实验组,分别为负重力竭游泳实验组、血乳酸含量测定实验组、尿素氮含量测定实验组、肌糖原含量测定实验组、肝糖原含量测定,每组10只。
3、剂量选择及样品配制:按最大耐受量的1/6、2/6、3/6设低、中、高三个剂量组。取实施例5制备的样品,按0.2mL/10g·bw体积给小鼠灌胃,每天一次,连续30d。对照组灌胃予以等体积的蒸馏水。
4、试验结果分析
缓解体力疲劳保健食品检验结果如图1、图2、图3、图4、图5所示。
图1结果表明,低剂量、中剂量、高剂量均能延长负重游泳小鼠的游泳时间,与对照组相比,中剂量与高剂量能明显延长小鼠负重游泳时间,证明硬糖能延长小鼠负重力竭游泳时间。
图2结果表明,低剂量、中剂量、高剂量均能降低负重游泳小鼠的血清中乳酸含量,与对照组相比,低剂量、中剂量与高剂量能明显降低负重游泳小鼠血清中的乳酸含量,证明硬糖能降低负重游泳小鼠血清中的乳酸含量。
图3结果表明,低剂量、中剂量、高剂量均能降低负重游泳小鼠的血清中尿素氮含量,与对照组相比,低剂量、中剂量与高剂量能明显降低负重游泳小鼠的尿素氮含量,证明硬糖能降低负重游泳小鼠血清中的尿素氮含量。
图4结果表明,低剂量、中剂量、高剂量均能增加负重游泳小鼠的肌糖原含量,与对照组相比,低剂量、中剂量与高剂量能明显增加负重游泳小鼠的肌糖原含量,证明硬糖能增加负重游泳小鼠的肌糖原含量。
图5结果表明,低剂量、中剂量、高剂量均能增加负重游泳小鼠的肝糖原含量,与对照组相比,中剂量与高剂量能明显增加负重游泳小鼠的肝糖原含量,证明硬糖能增加负重游泳小鼠的肝糖原含量。
显然,本发明的上述实施例仅是为清楚地说明本发明所作的举例,而并非是对本发明的实施方式的限定。对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说,在上述说明的基础上还可以做出其它不同形式的变化或变动。这里无需也无法对所有的实施方式予以穷举。而这些属于本发明的精神所引伸出的显而易见的变化或变动仍处于本发明的保护范围之中。
Claims (10)
1.一种具有缓解体力疲劳作用的组合物,其特征在于,其原料包含枸杞、山药、茯苓、龙眼肉、核桃仁成分。
2.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其中所述组合物的原料中有效成分枸杞、山药、茯苓、龙眼肉、核桃仁的重量比为8-10:5-10:4-8:2-6:5-9、8-10:8-10:6-8:4-6:7-9、9-10:9-10:7-8:5-6:8-9、5-12:8-10:6-8:2-8:5-10、6-10:6-10:5-8:3-6:6-9、5-10:5-10:4-8:2-6:5-9或者4-10:4-10:3-8:1-6:4-9。
3.根据权利要求2所述的组合物,其中所述组合物的原料中有效成分枸杞、山药、茯苓、龙眼肉、核桃仁的重量比为8:8:6:4:7、9:9:7:5:8、7:7:5:3:6、6:6:5:3:6、5:5:4:2:5或者4:4:3:1:4;优选5:5:4:2:5。
4.根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的组合物,其中所述组合物可选硬糖、颗粒剂、片剂、凝胶软糖、固体饮料的形式;优选硬糖的形式。
5.根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的组合物,其中所述组合物中还包含辅料成分。
6.枸杞、山药、茯苓、龙眼肉、核桃仁在制备缓解体力疲劳的保健品或食品中的应用,其特征在于枸杞、山药、茯苓、龙眼肉、核桃仁的重量比为8-10:5-10:4-8:2-6:5-9、8-10:8-10:6-8:4-6:7-9、9-10:9-10:7-8:5-6:8-9、5-12:8-10:6-8:2-8:5-10、6-10:6-10:5-8:3-6:6-9、5-10:5-10:4-8:2-6:5-9或者4-10:4-10:3-8:1-6:4-9。
7.根据权利要求6所述的应用,其中枸杞、山药、茯苓、龙眼肉、核桃仁的重量比为8:8:6:4:7、9:9:7:5:8、7:7:5:3:6、6:6:5:3:6、5:5:4:2:5或者4:4:3:1:4;优选5:5:4:2:5。
8.制备根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的组合物的方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括:(1)将枸杞、山药、茯苓、龙眼肉、核桃仁按溶剂量6~12倍加水提取,提取1-3次,每次0.5-2h,将提取液浓缩至干固物含量为35%~65%。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其中提取温度为100℃。
10.根据权利要求8或9所述的方法,其中所述方法还包括:
(2)所得提取物按比例加入辅料,混合,即制备得到具有缓解体力疲劳作用的组合物;或者,(2)加入适量代糖辅料、酸味剂、香精;(3)将步骤(2)中的代糖辅料用纯水化糖,糖粉与水混合均匀,待糖液呈细丝状不易折断后冷却,加入干固物含量35%-65%的药材浸膏、酸味剂及香精,进一步高温熬糖,待气泡变少及糖液呈细丝状不易折断后停止熬糖,冷却后浇筑模具成型。
或者,(2)待药液冷却后,密闭冷藏12-24h,得浓缩提取液浸膏;(3)加入适量代糖辅料,用纯水化糖,加入提取液浸膏、酸味剂及香精,进一步高温熬糖,待气泡变少及糖液呈细丝状不易折断后停止熬糖,冷却后浇筑模具成型。
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