CN103689559A - 一种有助于改善胃肠功能的养生保健食品配方及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种有助于改善胃肠功能的养生保健食品配方及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种有助于改善胃肠功能的养生保健食品配方及其制备方法。它包括下列重量份数比的原料：枸杞子1000份、黄精1000份、茯苓1000份、山药1500份、桑葚1000份、山楂1000、麦芽1000、鸡内金600、莱菔子800、陈皮600、大枣1000、薏苡仁1500、干姜600、葛根1200份、蒲公英1200、甘草600份。本发明制备工艺采用传统水煎提取方法，提取物直接分装入袋，工艺简单、服用方便。本发明用于功能性消化不良者，或伴有长期胃肠不适，食欲不振，早饱、气多，胃肠胀满，呕吐，不明原因慢性腹泻或大便秘结等症状。
Description
技术领域
本发明公开了一种有助于改善胃肠功能的养生保健食品配方及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着科技的发展，人们日常生活水平得到显著提高，工作压力也越来越大，很多人开始出现胃肠道功能紊乱，临床表现主要在胃肠道涉及进食和排泄等方面的不正常，也常伴有失眠、焦虑、注意力不集中、健忘、神经过敏、头痛等其他功能性症状。对于患有胃肠道疾病的病人，在治疗的同时选择食疗的方法可以起到辅助治疗的效果。药食同源的中药山楂、麦芽、鸡内金、山药、莱菔子、陈皮、桑葚、薏苡仁、葛根、干姜等有健脾益胃、补肾益气、促进消化等保健功能。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种有助于改善胃肠功能的养生保健食品配方及其制备方法。
本发明是由下述重量份数的原料制成的：枸杞子600-1400份、黄精600-1500份、茯苓600-1500份、山药1000-2000份、桑椹800-1300份、山楂700-1400份、麦芽800-1700份、鸡内金100-1200份、莱菔子300-1400份、陈皮100-1200份、大枣400-1700份、薏苡仁700-3200份、干姜100-1200份、葛根800-1700份、蒲公英800-1700份、甘草200-1000份。
以上各成分的最佳重量配比是：枸杞子1000份、黄精1000份、茯苓1000份、山药1500份、桑葚1000份、山楂1000份、麦芽1000份、鸡内金600份、莱菔子600份、陈皮600份、大枣1000份、薏苡仁1000份、干姜600份、葛根1000份、蒲公英1000份、甘草600份。
一、本发明制备方法包括以下步骤：
(1)将配方中各原料置于煮提锅中，浸润30分钟，然后加入10倍量的去离子水，室温浸泡2小时后加热至沸腾，煮沸提取2小时，倾出水提液，过滤。
(2)再次加入原料10倍量的去离子水，煮沸提取2小时，倾出水提液，过滤。
(3)合并步骤(1)、(2)所得滤液，冷却至室温，离心30分钟，弃去沉淀，收集上清液。
(4)将步骤(3)所得的滤液浓缩至药液比为1∶2(60℃)，添加天然吸附澄清剂(北京正天成澄清技术有限公司)，离心30分钟，弃去沉淀，收集上清液；
(5)将步骤(4)所得的上清液浓缩至相对密度≥1.27g·ml-1(60℃)，干燥，粉碎，分装成10克的小包装。
本发明的配方组成合理，制作工艺科学，携带及食用方便。长期食用本品有助于改善胃肠功能，健脾益胃，促进消化，缓解胃肠功能紊乱而出现的失眠、焦虑、注意力不集中、健忘、神经过敏、头痛等症状。
二、用药分析
枸杞子为茄科植物宁夏枸杞Lycium barbarum L.的干燥成熟果实。
【性味与归经】甘、平。归肝、肾经。
【功效】滋补肝肾，益精明目。
【应用】治疗精血不足所致的视力减退、内障目昏、头晕目眩、腰膝酸软、遗精滑泄、耳聋、牙齿松动、须发早白、失眠多梦以及肝肾阴虚，潮热盗汗、消渴等证。
《神农本草经》称枸杞子“久服坚筋骨，轻身不老，耐寒暑”。
《本草汇言》赞之“使气可充，血可补，阳可生，阴可长”。
《本草纲目》记载：“枸杞，补肾生精，养肝，明目，坚筋骨，去疲劳，易颜色，变白，明目安神，令人长寿。”
现代医学研究证实：枸杞子含有甜菜硷、多糖、粗脂肪、粗蛋白、胡萝卜素、维生素A、维生素C、维生素B1、维生素B2及钙、磷、铁、锌、锰、亚油酸等营养成分。枸杞子对免疫有促进作用，同时具有免疫调节作用；可提高血睾酮水平，起强壮作用；对造血功能有促进作用；对正常健康人也有显著升白细胞作用；还有抗氧化、抗衰老、抗疲劳、抗突变、抗肿瘤、降血脂、保肝及抗脂肪肝、降血糖、降血压、补肾、明目、养颜、健脑、排毒、保护生殖系统、抗辐射损伤等功能。
黄精为百合科植物滇黄精(Polygonatum kingianum Coll.et Hemsl.)、黄精(Polygonatumsibiricum Red.)或多花黄精(Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua.)的干燥根茎。
【性味与归经】甘、平。归脾、肺、肾经。
【功效】补气养阴，健脾，润肺，益肾。
【应用】治疗肺金气阴两伤之干咳少痰、肺肾阴虚之劳嗽久咳、脾胃虚弱、体倦乏力、食欲不振、口干食少，能延缓衰老，改善头晕、腰膝酸软、须发早白、精血不足，内热消渴等症。
《本草纲目》：“补诸虚、止寒热、填精髓。”
《日华子本草》：“补五劳七伤，助筋骨，生肌，耐寒暑，益脾胃，润心肺”。
现代医学研究证实：黄精根茎含烟酸、粘液质、醌类，并含黄精多糖甲、乙、丙，黄精低聚糖甲、乙、丙，多糖甲、乙、丙均由葡萄糖、甘露糖、半乳糖醛酸结合而成；低聚糖甲、乙、丙均由葡萄糖和果糖结合而成，另含赖氨酸等11种氨基酸。能提高机体免疫功能和促进DNA、RNA及蛋白质的合成，促进淋巴细胞转化作用；具有显著的抗结核杆菌作用；对多种致病性真菌有抑制作用；对伤寒杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌也有抑制作用；有增加冠脉流量及降压作用，并能降血脂及减轻冠状动脉粥样硬化程度；对肾上腺素引起的血糖过高呈显著抑制作用；还有抑制肾上腺皮质的作用和延缓衰老作用；黄精多糖具有免疫激活作用。
茯苓为多孔菌科真菌茯苓Poria cocos(Schw.)Wolf的干燥菌核。
【性味与归经】甘、淡，平。归心、肺、脾、肾经。
【功效】利水渗湿，健脾宁心。
【应用】用于水肿尿少，痰饮眩悸，脾虚食少，便溏泄泻，心神不安，惊悸失眠。
《日华子本草》：“补五劳七伤，安胎，暖腰膝，开心益智，止健忘。”
《用药心法》：“茯苓，淡能利窍，甘以助阳，除湿之圣药也。味甘平补阳，益脾逐水，生津导气。”
现代医学研究证实：茯苓能增强机体免疫功能，茯苓多糖具有抗胸腺萎缩及抗脾脏增大和抑制肿瘤生长的功能，茯苓多糖灌胃能增强小鼠巨噬细胞吞噬功能，增加ANAE阳性淋巴细胞数，还能使小鼠脾脏抗体分泌细胞数明显增多。茯苓多糖亦能使环磷酰胺所引起的大白鼠白细胞减少加速回升。羧甲基茯苓多糖还有免疫调节、保肝降酶、间接抗病毒、诱生和促诱生干扰素、减轻放射副反应，诱生和促诱生白细胞调节素等多种生理活性。
山药为薯蓣科植物薯蓣Dioscorea opposite Thumb.的干燥根茎。
【性味与归经】甘，平。归肺、脾、肾经。
【功效】补脾养胃，生津益肺，补肾涩精。
【应用】山药味甘性平，作用缓和，不寒不热，既能补气，又能养阴，补而不滞，滋而不腻。乃平补肺脾肾之佳品。多用于消瘦乏力、食少、便溏者，如《本草纲目》云：“益肾气，健脾胃。”因其含有较多的营养成分，又容易消化吸收，可作为食品长期使用。《神农本草经》云其“补中，益气力，长肌肉”，故对于慢性病或病后虚弱，需营养调补而脾运不健者，则是佳品，如薏米山药粥。
现代医学研究证实：山药的主要成分为淀粉酶，能刺激胃肠道运动，促进肠内物排空，增加小肠吸收功能，有助于消化，降压，降糖，防治心血管疾病。山药的提纯淀粉能降低类脂浓度，同时降低主动脉和心脏的糖的浓度及胆固醇的浓度。山药富含多糖，可刺激和调节免疫系统，能增加血液白细胞含量，加强白细胞的吞噬作用，因此山药可作为人们增加免疫能力的保健药。山药中含有蛋白质(包括人体所需要的16种氨基酸)、糖类、维生素类等有效成分，具有较好的延缓衰老的作用，显著延长生命，经常食用山药，有益健康。
桑椹为桑科植物桑Morus alba L.的干燥果穗。
【性味与归经】甘、酸，寒。归肝、肾经。
【功效】滋阴补血，生津润燥。
【应用】适用于眩晕耳鸣、心悸失眠、须发早白、津伤口渴、内热消渴、血虚便秘、目暗，耳鸣、瘰疬、关节不利。
《滇南本草》：“益肾脏而固精，久服黑发明目。”
《随息隐居食谱》：“滋肝肾，充血液，祛风湿，健步履，息虚风，清虚火。”
《本草拾遗》：“利五脏关节，通血气。久服不饥，安魂镇神，令人聪明，变白不老。”
现代医学研究证实：桑椹含糖、鞣酸、苹果酸及维生素B1、B2，C和胡萝卜素。桑椹油的脂肪酸主要由亚油酸和硬脂酸、油酸等组成。有改善皮肤(包括头皮)血液供应，营养肌肤，使皮肤白嫩及乌发等作用，并能延缓衰老，是健体美颜、抗衰老的佳果与良药。常食桑椹可以明目，缓解眼睛疲劳干涩的症状。桑葚具有免疫促进作用，对脾脏有增重作用，对溶血性反应有增强作用，可防止人体动脉硬化、骨骼关节硬化，促进新陈代谢。它可以促进血红细胞的生长，防止白细胞减少，并对治疗糖尿病、贫血、高血压、高血脂、冠心病、神经衰弱等病症具有辅助功效。适量食用能促进胃液分泌，刺激肠蠕动及解除燥热。
陈皮为芸香科植物橘Citrus reticulata Blanco.及其栽培变种的干燥成熟果皮。
【性味】苦、辛，温。归肺、脾经。
【功效】理气健脾，燥湿化痰。
【应用】用于脘腹胀满，食少吐泻，咳嗽痰多。
《本草纲目》：“其治百病，总是取其理气燥湿之功，同补药则补，同泻药则泻，同升药则升，同降药则降。脾乃元气之母，肺乃摄气之要，故橘皮为二经气分之药，但随所配而补泻升降也。”
《日用本草》：“能散能泻，能温能补，能消膈气，化痰涎，和脾止嗽，通五淋。”
《本草汇言》：“味辛善散，故能开气；胃苦开泄，故能行痰；其气温平，善于通达，故能止呕、止咳，健脾和胃者也。东垣日：夫人以脾胃为主，而治病以调气为先，如欲调气健脾者，橘皮之功居其首焉。”
现代医学研究证实：陈皮含挥发油1.5％(压榨法)至2％(蒸馏法)，油中主要成分为D-柠檬烯，还含β-月桂烯α-及β-蒎烯等，另含黄酮类成分橙皮甙、新橙皮甙、柑橘素、二氢川陈皮素及5-去甲二氢川陈皮素；又报道川陈皮含橙皮甙约8.4％，川陈皮素约0.15％。另含辛弗林(对羟福林)0.28％-2.54％。陈皮提取物可清除次黄嘌呤-黄嘌呤氧化酶系统产生的超氧阴离子(O-)和羟自由基(-OH)，并能抑制氧自由基诱导的小鼠心肌匀浆组织脂质过氧化。橙皮苷具有强烈的清除活性氧的能力并有降低髓过氧化物酶活性的作用。陈皮中所含的多甲氧基黄酮可以抑制人乳腺癌MCF-7细胞株的生长。川陈皮素可以诱导非小细胞肺癌A549细胞凋亡。临床研究表明用陈皮注射液对阵发性心动过速患者进行即刻转律治疗作用显著，无明显不良反应。
葛根为豆科植物野葛Pueraria lobata(Willd.)Ohwi的干燥根。
【性味与归经】甘、辛，凉。归脾、胃、肺经。
【功效】解肌退热，生津止渴，透疹，升阳止泻，通经活络，解酒毒。
【应用】用于外感发热头痛，项背强痛，口渴，消渴，麻疹不透，热痢，泄泻，眩晕头痛，中风偏瘫，胸痹心痛，酒毒伤中。
《本草纲目》：“葛根，性凉、气平、味甘，具清热、降火、排毒诸功效。”
《本草正义》：“最能开发脾胃清阳之气。”
现代医学研究证实：葛根主要含碳水化合物，植物蛋白，多种维生素，氨基酸和矿物质，此外还含有黄酮类物质：大豆素，大豆甙，还有大豆素-4，7-二葡萄糖甙，葛根素，葛根素-7-木糖甙，葛根醇，葛根藤及异黄酮甙等。葛根中的异黄酮类化合物葛根素对高血压、高血脂、高血糖和心脑血管疾病有一定疗效。葛根中提出的黄酮能增加脑及冠状血管血流量。经研究发现异黄酮在野葛中的含量跟活性远高于大豆中的，经常吃野葛食品能姿容养颜，促进皮肤白皙、光润、细腻，使女性焕发青春光彩，同时对更年期综合症有调理作用。随着年龄增长，身体对钙的吸收减少，钙降低，骨骼脱钙，容易发生骨质疏松症，经常食用野葛制品可预防骨质疏松。
山楂为蔷薇科植物山里红Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.var.major N.E.Br.或山楂Crataeguspinnatifida Bge.的干燥成熟果实。
【性味与归经】酸、甘，微温。归脾、胃、肝经。
【功效】消食健胃，行气散瘀，化浊降脂。
【应用】用于肉食积滞，胃脘胀满，泻痢腹痛，瘀血经闭，产后瘀阻，心腹刺痛，胸痹心痛，疝气疼痛，高脂血症。
《日用本草》：化食积，行结气，健胃宽膈，消血痞气块。
《医学衷中参西录》：山楂，若以甘药佐之，化瘀血而不伤新血，开郁气而不伤正气，其性尤和平也。
《本草经疏》：山楂，《本经》云：味酸，气冷，然观其能消食积，行瘀血，则气非冷矣。有积滞则成下痢，产后恶露不尽，蓄于太阴部分则为儿枕痛。山楂能入脾胃消积滞，散宿血，故治水痢及产妇腹中块痛也。大抵其功长于化饮食，健脾胃，行结气，消瘀血，故小儿产妇宜多食之。
现代医学研究证实：山楂含糖类、蛋白质、脂肪、维生素C、胡萝卜素、淀粉、苹果酸、枸橼酸、钙和铁等物质，具有降血脂、血压、强心和抗心律不齐等作用。山楂内的黄酮类化合物牡荆素，是一种抗癌作用较强的药物，山楂提取物对癌细胞体内生长、增殖和浸润转移均有一定的抑制作用。
麦芽为禾本科植物大麦Hordeum vulgare L.的成熟果实经发芽干燥的炮制加工品。
【性味与归经】甘，平。归脾、胃经。
【功效】行气消食，健脾开胃，回乳消胀。
【应用】用于食积不消，脘腹胀痛，脾虚食少，乳汁郁积，乳房胀痛，妇女断乳，肝郁胁痛，肝胃气痛。
《药性论》：消化宿食，破冷气，去心腹胀满。
《千金·食治》：消食和中。熬末令赤黑，捣作麨，止泄利，和清酢浆服之，日三夜一服。
《日华子本草》：温中，下气，开胃，止霍乱，除烦，消痰，破症结，能催生落胎。
《医学启源》：补脾胃虚，宽肠胃，捣细炒黄色，取面用之。
《滇南本草》：宽中，下气，止呕吐，消宿食，止吞酸吐酸，止泻，消胃宽膈，并治妇人奶乳不收，乳汁不止。
现代医学研究证实：麦芽含淀粉酶、转化糖酶、维生素B、脂肪、磷脂、糊精、麦芽糖、葡萄糖等。具有助消化、降血糖、抑真菌等作用。主治消化不良，积食、胃脘饱闷、吐酸、嗳腐、食欲不振及脚气病、乳腺胀疼。
鸡内金为雉科动物家鸡Gallusgallus domesticus Brisson的干燥沙囊内壁。
【性味与归经】甘，平。归脾、胃、小肠、膀胱经。
【功效】健胃消食，涩精止遗，通淋化石。
【应用】用于食积不消，呕吐泻痢，小儿疳积，遗尿，遗精，石淋涩痛，胆胀胁痛。
《本经》：主泄利。
《别录》：主小便利，遗溺，除热止烦。
《日华子本草》：止泄精，并尿血、崩中、带下、肠风、泻痢。
《滇南本草》：宽中健脾，消食磨胃。治小儿乳食结滞，肚大筋青，痞积疳积。
《纲目》：治小儿食疟，疗大人淋漓、反胃，消酒积，主喉闭、乳蛾，一切口疮，牙疳诸疮。
现代医学研究证实：鸡内金含胃激素(ventriculin)，角蛋白(keratin)，微量胃蛋白酶(pepsin)，淀粉酶(diastase)，多种维生素。能够促进胃分泌机能，加速放射性锶的排泄，抑制肿瘤细胞生长等作用。
莱菔子为十字花科植物萝卜Raphanus sativus L.的干燥成熟种子。
【性味与归经】辛、甘，平。归肺、脾、胃经。
【功效】消食除胀，降气化痰。
【应用】用于饮食停滞，脘腹胀痛，大便秘结，积滞泻痢，痰壅喘咳。
《纲目》：莱菔子之功，长于利气。生能升，熟能降，升则吐风痰，散风寒，发疮疹；降则定痰喘咳嗽，调下痢后重，止内痛，皆是利气之效。
《本草经疏》：莱菔子，味辛过于根，以其辛甚，故升降之功亦烈于根也。
《日华子本草》：水研服，吐风痰；醋研消肿毒。
现代医学研究证实：莱菔子富含脂肪油、挥发油。挥发油内有甲硫醇(Methylmercaptan)等。脂肪油中含大量芥酸(Erucic acid)、亚油酸、亚麻酸、芥子酸甘油酯(Glycerol sinapate)。具有促进胃肠蠕动、抗病原微生物、降血压等作用。
大枣为鼠李科植物枣Ziziphus jujube Mill.的干燥成熟果实。
【性味与归经】甘，温。归脾、胃、心经。
【功效】补中益气，养血安神。
【应用】用于脾虚食少，乏力便溏，妇人脏躁。
《本经》：“主心腹邪气，安中养脾，助十二经。平胃气，通九窍，补少气、少津液，身中不足，大惊，四肢重，和百药。”
《别录》：“补中益气，强力，除烦闷，疗心下悬，肠僻。”
《日华子本草》：“润心肺，止嗽。补五脏，治虚劳损，除肠胃癣气。”
《药品化义》：“养血补肝。”
《本草再新》：“补中益气，滋肾暖胃，治阴虚。”
现代医学研究证实：大枣中含有多种生物活性物质，如大枣多糖、黄酮类、皂苷类、三萜类、生物碱类、环磷酸腺苷(cAMP)、环磷酸鸟苷(cGMP)等，对人体有多种保健治病功效。如抗肿瘤、抗氧化、降血压、降胆固醇、保肝护肝、增强免疫力等保健功能。
薏苡仁为禾本科植物薏苡Coix lacryma-jobi L.var.mayuen(Roman.)Stapf的干燥成熟种仁。
【性味与归经】甘、淡，凉。归脾、胃、肺经。
【功效】利水渗湿，健脾止泻，除痹，排脓，解毒散结。
【应用】用于水肿，脚气，小便不利，脾虚泄泻，湿痹拘挛，肺痈，肠痈，赘疣，癌肿。
《本草正》：薏苡，味甘淡，气微凉，性微降而渗，故能去湿利水，以其志湿，故能利关节，除脚气，治痿弱拘挛湿痹，消水肿疼痛，利小便热淋，亦杀蛔虫。以其微降，故亦治咳嗽唾脓，利膈开胃。以其性凉，故能清热，止烦渴、上气。但其功力甚缓，用为佐使宜倍。
《药品化义》：薏米，味甘气和，清中浊品，能健脾阴，大益肠胃。主治脾虚泻，致成水肿，风湿盘缓，致成手足无力，不能屈伸。盖因湿胜则土败，土胜则气复，肿自消而力自生。取其入肺，滋养化源，用治上焦消渴，肺痈肠痈。又取其味厚沉下，培植部，用治脚气肿痛，肠红崩漏。若咳血久而食少者，假以气和力缓，倍用无不效。
现代医学研究证实：薏苡仁含氨基酸(亮氨酸、赖氨酸、精氨酸、酪氨酸等)、薏苡素(Coixol)、薏苡酯(Coixenolide)、三萜化合物、蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物、维生素B1等。具有抗肿瘤、增强免疫力、降血糖、降血压、美白祛斑等作用。
干姜为姜科植物姜Zingiber officinale Rosc.的干燥根茎。
【性味与归经】辛，热。归脾、胃、肾、心、肺经。
【功效】温中散寒，回阳通脉，温肺化饮。
【应用】用于脘腹冷痛，呕吐泄泻，肢冷脉微，寒饮喘咳。
《纲目》：干姜，能引血药入血分、气药入气分。又能去恶养新，有阳生阴长之意，故血虚者用之。凡人吐血、衄血、下血，有阴无阳者，亦宜用之，乃热因热用，从治之法也。
《本经》：主胸满咳逆上气，温中，止血，出汗，逐风湿痹，肠僻下痢。生者尤良。
《药性论》：治腰肾中疼冷，冷气，破血，去风，通四肢关节，开五脏六腑，去风毒冷痹，夜多小便。治嗽，主温中，霍乱不止，腹痛，消胀满冷痢，治血闭。病人虚而冷，宜加用之。
现代医学研究证实：干姜含挥发油，主要有姜烯(Zin-giberene)、水芹烯(Phellandrene)、莰烯(Camphe-ne)、姜辣素(Gingerol)、姜酮(Zingiberone)、姜醇(Zingiberol)、姜烯酮(Shogaol)、龙脑(Borneol)、柠檬醛(Citral)、姜油酮(Zingerone)等。具有兴奋血管运动中枢及心脏呼吸中枢、兴奋心脏、抗组胺、抑菌、抑制血小板凝集等作用。
蒲公英为菊科植物蒲公英Taraxacum mongolicum Hand.Mazz.、碱地蒲公英Taraxacumborealisinense Kitam.或同属数种植物的干燥全草。
【性味与归经】苦、甘，寒。归肝、胃经。
【功效】清热解毒，消肿散结，利尿通淋。
【应用】用于疔疮肿毒，乳痈，瘰疬，目赤，咽痛，肺痈，肠痈，湿热黄疸，热淋涩痛。
《本草经疏》：蒲公英味甘、平，其性无毒。当是入肝入胃，解热凉血之要药。属肝经，妇人经行后，肝经主事，故主妇人乳痈肿乳毒，并宜生暖之良。
《本草求真》：蒲公英，入阳明胃、厥阴肝，凉血解热，故乳痈、乳岩为首重焉。缘乳头属肝，乳房属胃，乳痈、乳岩，多因热盛血滞，用此直入二经，外敷散肿臻效，内消须同夏枯草、贝母、连翘、自英等药同治。
《本草正义》：蒲公英，其性清凉，治一切疗疮、痈疡、红肿热毒诸证，可服可敷，颇有应验，而治乳痈乳疗，红肿坚块，尤为捷效。鲜者捣汁温服，干者煎服，一味亦可治之，而煎药方中必不可缺此。
现代医学研究证实：蒲公英含蒲公英甾醇(Taraxasterol)、胆碱(Choline)、菊糖(Inulin)、果胶(Pectin)；蒲公英醇(Taraxol)、豆甾醇(Stigmasterol)、β-香树脂醇(β-Amyrin)、β-谷甾醇(β-Sitosterol)、蒲公英赛醇(taraxerol)、蒲公英素(Taraxacerin)、蒲公英苦素(Taraxacin)和维生素A、B、C等。具有抗病原微生物、保肝利胆、抗胃溃疡、增强免疫力等功效。
甘草为豆科植物甘草Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.、胀果甘草Glycyrrhiza inflata Bat.或光果甘草Glycyrrhiza glabra L.的干燥根和根茎。
【性味与归经】甘，平。归心、肺、脾、胃经。
【功效】补脾益气，清热解毒，祛痰止咳，缓急止痛，调和诸药。
【应用】用于脾胃虚弱，倦怠乏力，心悸气短，咳嗽痰多，脘腹、四肢挛急疼痛，痈肿疮毒，缓解药物毒性、烈性。
《药品化义》：甘草，生用凉而泻火，主散表邪，消痈肿，利咽痛，解百药毒，除胃积热，去尿管痛，此甘凉除热之力也。炙用温而补中，主脾虚滑泻，胃虚口渴，寒热咳嗽，气短困倦，劳役虚损，此甘温助脾之功也。但味厚而太甜，补药中不宜多用，恐恋膈不思食也。
现代医学研究证实：甘草剂有抗炎和抗变态反映的功能，因此在西医临床上主要作为缓和剂。缓解咳嗽，祛痰，治疗咽痛喉炎；甘草或甘草次酸有去氧皮质酮类作用，对慢性肾上腺皮质功能减退症有良好功效；甘草制剂能促进胃部粘液形成和分泌，延长上皮细胞寿命，有抗炎活性，常用于慢性溃疡和十二指肠溃疡的治疗；甘草的黄酮具有消炎、解痉和抗酸作用。
三、功能学评价
发明产品促进消化功能动物试验研究
【试验动物】
1、昆明种雄性小鼠50只，SPF级，体重18～22g；SD雄性大鼠40只，体重120～150g。
2、动物分组及剂量的设计
2.1小肠运动实验
采用SPF级昆明种小鼠，每组10只，设置阴性对照组、模型对照组和发明产品低、中、高剂量组(分别为人群推荐量的10、20、30倍，即5g/kg、10g/kg、15g/kg)，连续灌胃给予发明产品30d，模型对照组和阴性对照组均给予蒸馏水灌胃，小鼠的灌胃剂量为0.2mL/10g。2.2大鼠体重、体重增重、摄食量和食物利用率以及消化酶的测定实验
采用SD大鼠，每组10只，设置阴性对照组和发明产品低、中、高剂量组(分别为人群推荐量的5、10、20倍，即2.5g/kg、5g/kg、10g/kg)，连续灌胃给予发明产品30d，阴性对照组给予蒸馏水灌胃，大鼠的灌胃剂量为0.1mL/10g。
【试验方法】
1、小肠运动实验：本实验中将50只小鼠随机分成阴性对照组、模型对照组和发明产品低、中、高剂量组，每组10只，各剂量组动物连续灌胃给予发明产品30d，阴性对照组和模型对照组动物同时给予等量蒸馏水。实验前小鼠禁食20h，于测定当天各剂量组再给予一次发明产品样品，阴性对照组及模型对照组给予蒸馏水，30min后各剂量组及模型对照组给予0.05％盐酸洛哌丁胺，按0.1mL/10g经口灌胃，30min后各剂量组、模型对照组、阴性对照组经口给予碳末指示剂(含5％的活性炭粉、10％阿拉伯树胶)0.1mL/10g，25min后颈椎脱臼处死动物，剖腹分离肠系膜，剪取上端至幽门、下端至回盲部的肠管，轻轻将小肠铺平拉直，测量碳末指示剂从幽门括约肌向小肠回盲部推进的长度及小肠总长度。小肠运动以墨汁推进率(P)表示，墨汁推进率需按照以下公式进行数据转换为X，用X值进行统计。
2、大鼠体重、体重增重、摄食量及食物利用率测定：采用40只SD大鼠随机分成阴性对照组和发明产品低、中、高剂量组，每组10只。每周测2次体重和食物摄入量，实验结束时计算30d的体重、体重增重、摄食量及食物利用率。
3、消化酶测定：试验大鼠与上述同为一组，各剂量组动物连续灌胃给予发明产品30d，阴性对照组同时给予等量蒸馏水。受试前各组动物禁食24h(期间自由饮水)后，用乙醚麻醉大鼠，通过幽门结扎术收集2h胃液排出量，测定单位时间胃液排出量，胃蛋白酶活性，计算胃蛋白酶排出量；胃蛋白酶活性测定采用Mett氏法，即选用内径1.5mm玻璃管，注入新鲜鸡蛋清，置热水浴上平放使蛋白质凝固后取出，弃去有气泡的蛋白管，置冰箱保存，临用前制成3cm长度，同时选用100mL带塞磨口三角瓶，按胃液排出量1mL加入0.05moL/L盐酸15mL置三角瓶中混匀，每瓶加入3cm长度蛋白管2根，密封，置恒温箱中24h后取出，用游标卡尺测量蛋白管两端透明部分的长度(mm)，以四端之值求平均值，胃蛋白酶活性单位(U)＝平均值2×16，并利用公式胃蛋白酶排出量(U/h)＝蛋白酶活性×每小时的胃液量，计算胃蛋白酶的排出量。
【试验结果】
1、发明产品对小肠运动实验(墨汁推进率)的影响
与阴性对照组比较，模型对照组墨汁推进率显著下降(P＜0.01)，说明该模型造模成功，系统数据可靠。发明产品低、中、高剂量组对小鼠的小肠运动与模型对照组比较差异有显著性(P＜0.05、P＜0.05、P＜0.01)。见表1。
表1发明产品对小鼠小肠运动的影响n＝10
注：与模型对照组比较，*P＜0.05，**P＜0.01。
2、发明产品对大鼠体重、摄食量和食物利用率的影响
发明产品低、中、高剂量组的体重增重、食物利用率与阴性对照组比较均有增加，差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01)。见表2。
表2发明产品对大鼠体重、体重增重、摄食量及食物利用率的影响
n＝10
注：与阴性对照组比较，**P＜0.01。
3、发明产品对大鼠消化酶的影响
发明产品低、高剂量组2小时胃酸量与阴性对照组比较有极显著差异(P＜0.01)；低、中、高各剂量组胃蛋白酶活力与阴性对照组比较都有极显著性差异(P＜0.01)；中、高剂量组胃蛋白酶排出量与阴性对照组比较分别有显著性(P＜0.05)和极显著性差异(P＜0.01)。见表3。
表3发明产品对大鼠消化酶的影响
n＝10
注：与阴性对照组比较，*P＜0.05，**P＜0.01。
【试验结论】
本实验中，小鼠的便秘模型造模成功，发明产品连续灌胃小鼠30d，可显著提高便秘小鼠小肠墨汁推进率。表明发明产品对小鼠具有润肠通便功能。发明产品连续灌胃大鼠30d，大鼠体重明显增重，食物利用率明显增加，胃液分泌量明显增多。表明发明产品对大鼠有促进消化功能的作用。
具体实施方式
实施例1提取物及产品的制备
按最佳重量配比称取枸杞子1000份、黄精1000份、茯苓1000份、山药1500份、桑葚1000份、山楂1000份、麦芽1000份、鸡内金600份、莱菔子600份、陈皮600份、大枣1000份、薏苡仁1000份、干姜600份、葛根1000份、蒲公英1000份、甘草600份。加10倍量去离子水煮提2次，每次2小时，煮提液过滤、离心(3000转/分)30分钟，取上清液，浓缩至药液比1∶2(60℃)，后加入天然吸附澄清剂(4％澄清剂A，8％澄清剂B)，然后离心(3000转/分)30分钟，取上清液继续浓缩至相对密度≥1.27g·ml-1(60℃)后，带式干燥，粉碎成细粉，分装成10克左右的小包装。
实施例2产品辅助治疗消化不良症
个案报道
李××，女，53岁。自述有心烦失眠，食欲不振，胃肠胀满，大便秘结等症状，服食本发明产品每日3袋，连续30天后，病人面色改善，心烦症状减轻，食欲增强，排便顺畅，精神状态也得到改善。
Claims (4)
1.一种有助于改善胃肠功能的养生保健食品配方，其特征在于所用的原料及其重量份数：枸杞子600-1400份、黄精600-1500份、茯苓600-1500份、山药1000-2000份、桑椹800-1300份、山楂700-1400份、麦芽800-1700份、鸡内金100-1200份、莱菔子300-1400份、陈皮100-1200份、大枣400-1700份、薏苡仁700-3200份、干姜100-1200份、葛根800-1700份、蒲公英800-1700份、甘草200-1000份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种有助于改善胃肠功能的养生保健食品配方，其特征在于所用的原料及其最佳重量配比：枸杞子1000份、黄精1000份、茯苓1000份、山药1500份、桑葚1000份、山楂1000份、麦芽1000份、鸡内金600份、莱菔子600份、陈皮600份、大枣1000份、薏苡仁1000份、干姜600份、葛根1000份、蒲公英1000份、甘草600份。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种有助于改善胃肠功能的养生保健食品配方及其制备方法，其特征在于制备过程按以下步骤进行：
(1)将配方中各原料置于煮提锅中，浸润30分钟，然后加入10倍量的去离子水，室温浸泡2小时；然后加热至沸腾，煮沸提取2小时，倾出水提液，过滤；
(2)再次加入原料10倍量的去离子水，煮沸提取2小时，倾出水提液，过滤；
(3)合并步骤(1)、(2)所得滤液，冷却，离心，弃去沉淀，收集上清液；
(4)将步骤(3)所得的滤液浓缩，添加天然吸附澄清剂，弃去沉淀，收集上清液；
(5)将步骤(4)所得的上清液浓缩，干燥，粉碎，分装成10克的小包装。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种有助于改善胃肠功能的养生保健食品配方，其特征在于：本发明用于有功能性消化不良，伴有长期胃肠不适，食欲不振，早饱、气多，胃肠胀满，呕吐，不明原因慢性腹泻或大便秘结等症状的人群。
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