CN103857295B - 制备挤出的豆类微颗粒的方法 - Google Patents

制备挤出的豆类微颗粒的方法 Download PDF

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CN103857295B
CN103857295B CN201280031642.7A CN201280031642A CN103857295B CN 103857295 B CN103857295 B CN 103857295B CN 201280031642 A CN201280031642 A CN 201280031642A CN 103857295 B CN103857295 B CN 103857295B
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诺曼·汗
莎拉·沃特曼
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23LFOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L19/00Products from fruits or vegetables; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L19/01Instant products; Powders; Flakes; Granules
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23LFOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L33/00Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L33/10Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23LFOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L11/00Pulses, i.e. fruits of leguminous plants, for production of food; Products from legumes; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L11/05Mashed or comminuted pulses or legumes; Products made therefrom
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23PSHAPING OR WORKING OF FOODSTUFFS, NOT FULLY COVERED BY A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS
    • A23P30/00Shaping or working of foodstuffs characterised by the process or apparatus
    • A23P30/20Extruding
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23PSHAPING OR WORKING OF FOODSTUFFS, NOT FULLY COVERED BY A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS
    • A23P30/00Shaping or working of foodstuffs characterised by the process or apparatus
    • A23P30/30Puffing or expanding

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种将基于豆类粉的混合物通过预处理、挤出、切割以及冷却制备高密度的豆类微颗粒的方法。根据本发明制备的该豆类微颗粒含有70%至90%的豆类,水分含量为8%至12%,且密度为700g/L至850g/L。

Description

制备挤出的豆类微颗粒的方法
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请主张于2011年6月30日提交的美国临时专利申请第61/503,130号的优先权,通过参考将其引入本文。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种制备高密度的挤出的豆类微颗粒的方法
背景技术
当今社会,心脏病、肥胖及高胆固醇呈上升趋势,消费者正有意识地努力重新评估他们的饮食并吃的更健康。特别地,消费者正在寻找蛋白质和谷物含量更高的食品,因为一些有益的健康属性与这些食品组相关。因此,在食品行业中需要高营养的高蛋白质和/或纤维产品。
特别地,食品行业需要一种中间食品产品,其为高密度的且易于被食品制造商用于制备高蛋白和/或高纤维的零食食品产品。
美国农业部对美国报告的2010年的饮食指南中特别指出,因为豆类的有益属性,鼓励食用豆类。
制作高含量豆类的中间产品用于后续膨化已遭到挑战,特别是由于豆类在热加工过程中结胶的高敏感性。
本申请涉及一种中间食品产品,它是高密度的且富含豆类的。
发明内容
本发明涉及一种生产高密度的挤出的豆类微颗粒的方法。随后,这些微颗粒可被膨化或膨胀以制备高密度的基于豆类的脆片和/或薄片。这些薄片可以产生例如每30克份量的薄片至少半个份量的豆类(15克)。
附图说明
图1示出了根据本发明的一个方面制备高密度的豆类微颗粒的一种方法。
图2示出了由根据本发明制备的微颗粒制备的薄片的破损量。
图3示出了根据本发明的不同方面所制备的完整的薄片的数量。
具体实施例
本发明涉及一种用于制备高密度的挤出的豆类微颗粒的方法。人们发现,预先烹制的豆类通过挤压会引起压力膨化系统中更有效的膨化。也就是说,使用挤压烹制将豆类中的淀粉预糊化,该淀粉成为更适于后续膨化、甚至是膨化前的存储的形式。
根据本发明的至少一个方面,豆类粉与其它次要成分及谷物粉混合,随后使用低剪切力挤出机将其挤成微颗粒。根据本发明,可以使用的挤出机的例子包括WernerPfleiderer双螺杆挤出机和Wenger冷成型机。随后,将这些微颗粒干燥至目标水分用于膨化。
挤出的豆类微颗粒具有高密度。特别是,已干燥的豆类微颗粒具有约8-12%的水分含量,包含约70-90%的豆类,并且具有约700-850克/升的密度。
根据本发明,可以使用的豆类粉包括但不限于从下列获得的粉:小扁豆,鹰嘴豆,菜豆,利马豆,埃及豆,黑豆,斑豆,黄/绿豌豆,及其组合。这里使用的“豆类”明确排除大豆。
根据本发明,可以使用的谷物粉包括但不限于从下列所获得的粉:糙米,玉米,小麦,高粱,小米,燕麦,以及它们的组合物。虽然全谷物是优选的,但是根据本发明,可以使用任何谷物或谷物组合,包括精制谷物淀粉源。这里使用的“微颗粒”是指直径尺寸在约1.0-6.0毫米,例如约2.0-4.0毫米之间的颗粒。
此外,可以将非谷物淀粉源添加至微颗粒配方中以提高膨化期间的膨胀性并提高产品的完整性/强度,从而最大程度地降低最终包装零食形式的破损趋势。这样的非谷物淀粉源包括但不限于:马铃薯粉/片,马铃薯淀粉和木薯淀粉。
在本发明一个方面中,如图1中所示,含有豆类粉的原料被组合并进行混合。随后将获得的混合物在预处理器中进行预处理。预处理器对面粉进行与水结合、混合并部分热烹制使其成为面团。在预处理步骤中,在低剪切条件下,面粉和水在预处理器中的停留时间约1-2分钟。使用预处理器降低了后续挤压处理中用于全部淀粉糊化需要的机械能。
预处理后,通过将水合的豆类混合物立即引入至双螺杆挤出机进行挤出并进行处理以提供给流体每公斤干基混合物80w-h/kg至140w-h/kg的特定机械能。向该混合物中添加额外的水分,以获得约25-30%的水分含量。挤出机的料筒可以在流动方向上被逐渐地加热,例如从200°F至320°F,以提高面团温度。例如可以通过节流阀的使用将挤出机的压力增加至800-1200psi。在此处列出的参数下,该混合物在挤出机中被保持约4分钟,以实现高于豆类淀粉糊化温度的面团温度,例如从约220°F至约300°F。
面团离开双螺杆挤出机后,进行成型和切割。特别是,该面团通过正位移穿过输送管被立即输送至冷成型、单螺杆挤出机。该面团穿过水套筒衬套被压紧、冷却,并穿过该挤出机被输送至螺杆端部的模具组件,典型地为破碎板和模具。随后将该面团切割成微颗粒的形式。
最后,利用任何适当的设备(例如短程或预干燥机和完结干燥机)对挤出的豆类微颗粒进行干燥。干燥机可以是振动、旋转、流化床或输送机的类型。干燥后,在缓慢移动的输送带或空气冷却传输机上将豆类微颗粒冷却至室温。随后微颗粒可以被填充至例如但不限于中间散装容器或柔性的编织的聚丙烯超级麻袋中,用于后续加工或被发送用于例如膨化成膨胀的零食产品的直接处理。
根据本发明的这一方面制备的豆类微颗粒的豆类含量的最终重量百分比约70-90%,例如约75-80%。
微颗粒可以在压力膨化机(米饼机)中进行膨化,例如精简版能源米饼机。可替换地,豆类微颗粒可以在使用前被存储长达12个月。当和/或如果被膨化时,由该挤出的豆类微颗粒制备的饼在质地、饼完整性以及味道上具有很大的改进。对该膨化产品进行局部调味/调料后,该挤出的微颗粒可以占成品组合物的约70-90%。膨化产品的局部调味/调料可以在糖衣机或任何其它可接受的装置中进行。
在本发明的另一个方面,至少一种谷物粉连同豆类粉一起被添加至混合物中。例如,豆类、糙米和一种额外的谷物(在功能上提供味道和口感的变化)的组合物在挤压加工中获得更好的膨胀,这会导致更多的单个微颗粒在米饼膨化机中粘结。如果随后膨化,与单独豆类相比或与具有非大米谷物的豆类相比,这个组合物会产生更坚固的薄片。例如,与由豆类和大米微颗粒形成的薄片相比,由仅有豆类的微颗粒形成的膨化薄片在膨化机外具有更高的薄片破损率。还发现,与单一形式的谷物和豆类或仅有豆类的微颗粒相比,包括谷物混合物和豆类(鹰嘴豆,大米和玉米)的微颗粒在双重压紧膨化后形成了更坚固和更脆质地的薄片。
根据本发明制备的微颗粒组合物可包括豆类和/或部分或完全糊化的谷物粉,或它们的组合。
在本发明的另一个方面,根据本发明制备的微颗粒可被强化,以给最终的消费者提供额外的营养。这些配料可包括铁,维生素,生育酚,钙,铁,和其它矿物质和例如大豆的完整的蛋白质。
根据本发明的一个方面制备的挤出的微颗粒的例子如下:
根据前述段落记载的步骤制备上面挤出的微颗粒。该微颗粒配料可以在被添加至预处理器前被混合在一起,或通过单独的喂料系统直接独立地被添加至该预处理器和/或挤出机中。
这个实施例中使用的加工参数列于下表:
加工参数 数值
干混合速率 220lbs/hr
预处理器耗水率 0lbs/hr
预处理器耗气率 24lbs/hr
湿混合温度 140F
挤出机耗水率 45lbs/hr
螺杆速度 250RPM
主驱动AMPS 40AMPS
主驱动功率 7.5kw
特定机械能 0.070kW-hr/lb
挤出机的料筒温度 210-280F
面团温度 260-295F
面团压力 900psi
冷成型机温度 100F
冷成型机压力 400psi
根据本实施例制备的挤出的豆类微颗粒的参数如下:
参数 最小值 最大值
体积密度(g/512mL) 360 460
密度(每克100ct) 2 3
水分百分比 8 12
食品科学领域的普通技术人员将认识到,上文列出的数值根据谷物含量和挤出机的大小而有所不同。面团的温度和特定机械能对于生成豆类微颗粒是不可或缺的,并且与生产量无关。
在本发明的挤出的豆类微颗粒的一个示例性使用中,由多个挤出的豆类微颗粒组成的薄片可以包含下表所列的配方:
微颗粒在膨化前被涂覆少量的(0.1-1.0%)的葵花籽油,以减少在膨化机中的粘附。根据需要的质地,微颗粒可以使用气动或液压式膨化机进行膨胀。微颗粒被加热至约400-500°F的温度,使得所有材料被融化。膨化机压紧板至足以将已融化的材料融合在一起约3-7秒的压力。这些板被释放以形成水分含量约2至3%的基饼。
膨化后,获得的薄片可以使用调味粉和喷雾油的转筒操作来调味。可替代的或另外,调味剂,香味料和/或香草的组合物可以在挤压前被添加至微颗粒组合物,从而给膨化基增加风味并增强提供给消费者的成品的风味。
对本发明进行试验,试验结果如下:
对于上面的图表中,“碎片”是指加工后不到饼的一半是完整的。“临界的”是指加工后多于饼的一半仍然完整。“部分”是指加工后饼的3/4角仍然完整。本申请的发明人发现,利用本发明的方法该饼的完整性得到很大改善。
在本发明中使用的样品的配方参见下表1。
图2和图3显示了根据本发明已经发现了通过正确的加工条件和具有更高级别的功能扩展谷物的最佳配方的组合制备的饼的完整性,并且在制备加工结束时破碎薄片的量被大大降低。
获得的薄片具有意外的令人愉快的味道和质地,与由非挤出蒸制的豆类制备的产品相比,饼的完整性大为改善。在制备高密度的挤出的豆类微颗粒的之前尝试中没有操作经验。
因此,前述实施例被认为对本文所描述的发明在所有方面都是说明性的而非限制性的。因此本发明的范围由所附权利要求而不是前面的描述所限定,并且权利要求的等同范围的含义中的所有改变都被包含于本发明的范围中。

Claims (6)

1.一种制备挤出的豆类微颗粒的方法,包括以下步骤:
a.将豆类粉引入预处理器;
b.在所述预处理器中将所述豆类粉与水结合并混合以形成水合的豆类混合物;
c.将所述水合的豆类混合物引入挤出机,并将每公斤干基混合物80-140w-h/kg的特定机械能施加至所述水合的豆类混合物;
d.如果必要,添加额外的水分使所述的水合的豆类混合物的水分含量为25%-30%;
e.将所述水合的豆类混合物在所述挤出机中保持4分钟以形成豆类面团;
f.迫使所述豆类面团离开所述挤出机;
g.将所述豆类面团输送至冷成型挤出机;
h.压紧所述面团,并且随后通过水套筒衬套冷却所述面团;
i.迫使所述面团通过位于所述挤出机端部的模具组件;
j.切割所述豆类面团以形成豆类微颗粒;和
k.干燥所述豆类微颗粒,
其中所述挤出的豆类微颗粒具有700g/L至850g/L的密度,并含有最终重量百分比为70%至90%的豆类。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,还包括在米饼膨化机中膨化多个豆类微颗粒的步骤。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述的豆类粉由选自下列所组成的组的豆类所制备:小扁豆,菜豆,利马豆,埃及豆,黑豆,斑豆,黄/绿豌豆,以及它们的组合。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,还包括将至少一种谷物粉添加至所述预处理器中的所述豆类粉。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其中所述至少一种谷物粉是由选自下列所组成的组的谷物所制备:糙米,白米,玉米,小麦,高粱,小米,燕麦,以及它们的组合。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中将所述豆类粉与水结合并混合1至2分钟。
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BR112013033790A2 (pt) 2016-08-16
WO2013003712A1 (en) 2013-01-03
CN103857295A (zh) 2014-06-11
RU2014103143A (ru) 2015-08-10
DK2725924T3 (en) 2018-01-22
EP2725924A1 (en) 2014-05-07
US20130022732A1 (en) 2013-01-24
CA2840081A1 (en) 2013-01-03
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US8778442B2 (en) 2014-07-15
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