CN103813860B - 运动的表面的间歇性的涂覆 - Google Patents

运动的表面的间歇性的涂覆 Download PDF

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CN103813860B
CN103813860B CN201280044667.0A CN201280044667A CN103813860B CN 103813860 B CN103813860 B CN 103813860B CN 201280044667 A CN201280044667 A CN 201280044667A CN 103813860 B CN103813860 B CN 103813860B
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pastel
transport channel
outlet opening
switching position
negative pressure
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CN103813860A (zh
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A.胡特
R.泽克勒
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VARTA Microbattery GmbH
VW VM Forschungs GmbH and Co KG
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Volkswagen Varta Microbattery Forschungs GmbH and Co KG
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    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C—APPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C5/00—Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is projected, poured or allowed to flow on to the surface of the work
    • B05C5/02—Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is projected, poured or allowed to flow on to the surface of the work the liquid or other fluent material being discharged through an outlet orifice by pressure, e.g. from an outlet device in contact or almost in contact, with the work
    • B05C5/0245—Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is projected, poured or allowed to flow on to the surface of the work the liquid or other fluent material being discharged through an outlet orifice by pressure, e.g. from an outlet device in contact or almost in contact, with the work for applying liquid or other fluent material to a moving work of indefinite length, e.g. to a moving web
    • B05C5/025—Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is projected, poured or allowed to flow on to the surface of the work the liquid or other fluent material being discharged through an outlet orifice by pressure, e.g. from an outlet device in contact or almost in contact, with the work for applying liquid or other fluent material to a moving work of indefinite length, e.g. to a moving web only at particular part of the work
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    • B05B11/10—Pump arrangements for transferring the contents from the container to a pump chamber by a sucking effect and forcing the contents out through the dispensing nozzle
    • B05B11/1097—Pump arrangements for transferring the contents from the container to a pump chamber by a sucking effect and forcing the contents out through the dispensing nozzle with means for sucking back the liquid or other fluent material in the nozzle after a dispensing stroke
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    • B05B1/1636—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means with multiple outlet openings; with strainers in or outside the outlet opening having selectively- effective outlets with a selecting mechanism comprising a gate valve, a sliding valve or a cock by relative rotative movement of the valve elements
    • B05B1/1645—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means with multiple outlet openings; with strainers in or outside the outlet opening having selectively- effective outlets with a selecting mechanism comprising a gate valve, a sliding valve or a cock by relative rotative movement of the valve elements the outlets being rotated during selection
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    • B05B1/00—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
    • B05B1/14—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means with multiple outlet openings; with strainers in or outside the outlet opening
    • B05B1/16—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means with multiple outlet openings; with strainers in or outside the outlet opening having selectively- effective outlets
    • B05B1/1627—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means with multiple outlet openings; with strainers in or outside the outlet opening having selectively- effective outlets with a selecting mechanism comprising a gate valve, a sliding valve or a cock
    • B05B1/1672—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means with multiple outlet openings; with strainers in or outside the outlet opening having selectively- effective outlets with a selecting mechanism comprising a gate valve, a sliding valve or a cock the selectively-effective outlets being arranged on a tube or pipe
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    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B1/00—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
    • B05B1/14—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means with multiple outlet openings; with strainers in or outside the outlet opening
    • B05B1/16—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means with multiple outlet openings; with strainers in or outside the outlet opening having selectively- effective outlets
    • B05B1/1681—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means with multiple outlet openings; with strainers in or outside the outlet opening having selectively- effective outlets with a selecting mechanism comprising a gate valve, sliding valve or cock and a lift valve
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    • B05B1/00—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
    • B05B1/28—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means with integral means for shielding the discharged liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to limit area of spray; with integral means for catching drips or collecting surplus liquid or other fluent material
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    • B05C5/00—Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is projected, poured or allowed to flow on to the surface of the work
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Abstract

说明了一种用于利用包含电化学活性粒子的糊状物间歇性地涂覆可运动的表面的方法和装置。在此使用一种带有切口状的排出开口的喷嘴，其中，将糊状物从糊状物储存器中通过运输通道供给排出开口，并且糊状物至排出开口的供给利用控制器件来调整，其在第一切换位置中释放糊状物至排出开口的供给，而在第二切换位置中封锁运输通道且从糊状物供给部切断运输通道的延伸直至排出开口的区段。如果控制器件处于第二切换位置中，为运输通道的从糊状物供给部切断的区段加载有负压，其中，控制器件如此构造使得其在第二切换位置中连接运输通道的切断的部分与负压源。

Description

运动的表面的间歇性的涂覆
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于利用包含电化学活性粒子的糊状物间歇性地涂覆运动的表面的方法和装置，其中，使用带有切口状的排出开口的喷嘴。
背景技术
措辞“蓄电池”原意为串联连接的多个原电池。然而现在单独的原电池通常也被称为蓄电池。在原电池放电时发生提供能量的化学反应，其包括两个在电方面彼此联结但在空间上彼此分开的子反应。在负电极处在氧化过程中释放电子－产生通过外部负载至正电极(由其接收相应的量的电子)的电子流。因此在正电极处发生还原过程。同时在电池内部出现相应于电极反应的离子流。离子流通过导引离子的电解质来保证。在次级的电池和蓄电池中，放电反应是可逆的，即存在颠倒在放电时进行的化学能转变成电能的可能性。
在已知的次级的电池和蓄电池的情况下实现尤其锂离子蓄电池的相对来说很高的能量密度。在很多情况下，锂离子蓄电池包含电池堆，其包括多个单电池。还经常使用绕线电池(Wickelzelle)(线圈)。锂离子蓄电池中的电池大多数为包括电极薄片和分离器薄片的复合部，其中，带有正电极/分离器/负电极的序列。通常将这种单电池制成为所谓的双电池(Bizellen)，其带有可能的负电极/分离器/正电极/分离器/负电极或正电极/分离器/负电极/分离器/正电极的序列。电极在此通常包括金属的集流器，其大多以面形体的形式存在。在正电极的情况下，在此大多涉及由铝制成的网或薄片，例如由铝板网或由穿孔的铝薄片制成的网或薄片。在负电极的侧部上作为集电器大多使用由铜制成的网或薄片。
通常以多层的方式来生产用于锂离子蓄电池的所说明的电池。通常在第一步中制造所提及的电极薄片，其然后接下来与一个或多个分离器薄片组成所提及的电极－分离器复合部。通常在层压步骤中使电极和分离器彼此相连接。
为了制造电极，通常将包含糊状材料(简称“糊状物”，其含有电化学活性粒子)的平的层施加到合适的集电器上并且接下来使之变干。优选将糊状物施加到集电器的两个侧部上。在生产技术方面这大多通过以下方式来实现，即集电器作为几乎无尽的带来提供，其接下来通过涂覆装置，在其中通过间歇性地涂覆实现集电器的沉积的、在运行方向上以限定的间距中断的涂层。离开涂覆装置的集电器带具有相应在运行方向上交替地被涂覆的和未被涂覆的区域。集电器带的拆分可接下来通过在未涂覆的区域中分割带来实现。
糊状物例如利用刮刀施加到集电器上，但在此还可使用宽口喷嘴(slot-die-Düse, 狭缝喷嘴)，其杰出地适合于高流量应用。其具有用于糊状物的切口状的排出开口，糊状物从糊状物储存器中通过运输通道供给排出开口。为了进行间歇性地涂覆，借助于控制器件在排出开口的方向上调整糊状物流，该控制器件以有规律的时间间隔封锁糊状物流。然而该操作方法尤其在带有很高的弹性成分的糊状物的情况下具有缺点。此类糊状物在粘性的流动过程中在中断糊状物供给之后朝切口状的排出开口(在此可形成点滴)的方向上松弛，这导致在下一个涂覆间隔中形成带有不希望的厚度的边缘。如有可能，点滴还可接触正在通行的集电器带并且污染带的未被涂覆的区域。
由文件US 2004/0062866 A1已知一种涂覆设备，借助于其将颜料间断地施加到面状基础材料上。在此将颜料从储存器中泵送到喷嘴头中，在其中存在收集器，其可借助于活塞系统加载有负压。在中断涂覆时可为收集器加载负压，亦即借助于所提及的活塞系统。由此可消除未被涂覆的颜料排出物的作用。然而在文件US 2004/0062866 A1中并未提及用于电极的糊状物的加工。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种用于利用包含电化学活性粒子的糊状物间歇性地涂覆运动的表面的装置和方法，在其中可避免在涂覆工艺中所说明的涉及点滴的形成的问题。
该目的通过带有权利要求1的特征的方法和带有权利要求4的特征的装置来实现。
在权利要求2和3中说明了根据本发明的方法的优选的实施方式。所有的权利要求的表述在此通过参考说明书的内容得出。
根据本发明的方法用于利用包含电化学活性粒子(接下来还被称为电化学活性材料)的糊状物间歇性地涂覆运动的表面。糊状物尤其为用于制造蓄电池电极的糊状物，并且电化学活性粒子相应为这样的粒子，其在蓄电池中的开头说明的充电和/或放电过程中在化学方面通过接收和/或释放电子和/或离子来改变。换而言之，根据本发明的方法同样为用于制造蓄电池电极的方法。
然而，根据本发明的方法例如还可用于制造燃料电池的电催化层。在该情况下对糊状物进行处理，其作为电化学活性粒子包含催化粒子(贵金属、雷尼镍、碳化钨、硫化钼、硫化钨或类似合适的材料)，其可催化燃料(例如氢或甲醇)的冷燃烧。
运动的表面尤其在制造蓄电池电极的情况下为开头提到的集电器带的上侧部和/或下侧部，或者为承载基片(例如轧辊或其他的面状基片)，由糊状物形成的电极可从其传递到这种集电器带上。
利用根据本发明的方法不仅可制造用于蓄电池的正电极，而且可制造用于蓄电池的负电极。在根据本发明的方法的一种优选的实施方式中，运动的表面为由铝制成的集流器的侧部，并且糊状物为包括用于蓄电池－尤其锂离子蓄电池－的正电极的材料的电极糊状物。在根据本发明的方法的另一优选的实施方式中，运动的表面为由铜制成的集流器的表面，并且糊状物为包括用于蓄电池－尤其锂离子蓄电池－的负电极的材料的电极糊状物。
作为用于锂离子蓄电池的负电极的电极糊状物的示例，应可列举这样的糊状物，其包括合适的溶剂和/或分散剂、作为电化学的活性材料的石墨粒子、电极粘合物(例如羧甲基纤维素钠)和如有可能导电添加剂。除了合适的溶剂和/或分散剂之外，用于正电极的糊状物例如可作为电化学活性材料包括钴酸锂以及同样包括电极粘合物和导电添加剂。糊状物可依赖于所选取的活性材料和粘合物具有含水的和/或不含水的溶剂和/或分散剂。
在根据本发明的方法的范围中在使用带有切口状的排出开口的喷嘴的情况下应用糊状物，糊状物从糊状物储存器通过运输通道供给至排出开口。糊状物储存器可处于压力下以便输送糊状物，但备选地例如还可将泵置于糊状物储存器下游。糊状物至排出开口的供给借助于控制器件来调整，该控制器件在第一切换位置中释放糊状物至排出开口的供给，而在第二切换位置中封锁运输通道且在此从糊状物供给部切断运输通道的延伸直至排出开口的区段。
特别地，根据本发明的方法的特征在于：如果控制器件处于第二切换位置中，为运输通道的从糊状物供给部切断的区段和因此同样处于运输通道中的糊状物加载有负压。由此反作用糊状物在粘性的流动过程中朝排出开口的方向上的开头提及的松弛，从而使得可防止在排出开口处形成点滴。
为了加载运输通道的从糊状物供给部切断的区段，使用在根据本发明的方法的范围中的控制器件如此构造，即其在第二切换位置中连接运输通道的切断的部分与负压源。这可特别有利地通过以下方式来实现，即作为控制器件选取可旋转地支承的且优选柱状构造的控制轴，其具有穿透部(Durchlaß)，通过其在第一切换位置中使糊状物储存器与排出开口处于联通的连接中，且在第二切换位置中使运输通道的切断的部分与负压源处于联通的连接中。
为了可尽可能均匀地为切口状的排出开口供应电极糊状物，至少优先将运输通道在控制器件与排出开口之间的区段同样构造成切口状。通过控制轴可特别高效地调整通过这种切口状的运输通道的糊状物流。在优选的实施方式中，在控制轴中的所提及的穿透部为切口状的穿透部，其纵向截面与运输通道的切口状的区段的尺寸和几何形状相匹配，从而使得在第一切换位置中保证糊状物尽可能无阻力地流动通过穿透部。此类穿透部可特别好地通过电火花侵蚀(Drahtfunkenerosion)引入到控制轴中。
优选地，控制轴可旋转地支承在优选柱状的孔中。运输通道的来自糊状物储存器的部分以及至少一个以负压源为起点的负压通道进入到该孔中。此外，该孔具有朝切口状的排出开口的方向的出口。至少该出口和运输通道的进入开口优选具有所提及的切口形状。优选地，这两者为沿轴向穿透孔的壁的切口状的开口。负压通道的进口不必是切口状的。
根据本发明的装置尤其用于执行所说明的方法，即用于利用包含电化学活性粒子的糊状物间歇性地涂覆运动的表面。该装置包括喷嘴，其具有下列构件：
• 切口状的排出开口
• 运输通道，通过其将糊状物从糊状物储存器供给排出开口
• 控制器件，其调整糊状物至排出开口的供给且如此构造，即该控制器件在第一切换位置中释放糊状物至排出开口的供给，而在第二切换位置中封锁运输通道并且从糊状物供给部切断运输通道的延伸直至排出开口的区段
• 负压通道，如果控制器件处于第二切换位置中，可通过该负压通道使运输通道的从糊状物供给部切断的区段与负压源相连接
有关运输通道和控制器件的优选的实施方式参考上述的实施方案。负压源可为商业上常见的真空泵。优选地，负压源通过负压通道以及已经说明的在控制器件中的穿透部联结到运输通道的在第二切换位置中从糊状物供给部切断的部分处。
借助于附图进一步阐述根据本发明的方法和根据本发明的装置。在此应明确强调：根据本发明的方法和根据本发明的装置的在本申请中说明的所有的任选的方面可相应本身单独地或者以与一个或多个其它的所说明的任选的方面相组合在本发明的实施方式中予以实现。优选的实施方式的随后的说明仅仅用于本发明的阐述和更好的理解，并且不可以任何方式限制性地来理解。
附图说明
图1a和图1b相应示意性地显示了第一切换位置和第二切换位置，根据本发明的装置的控制器件可占据该切换位置。
借助图2进一步阐述了控制器件的一种优选的实施方式。
具体实施方式
在图1a中以截面图示出了控制轴100，其处于第一切换位置中，在其中，从糊状物储存器108引导的运输通道区段102通过切口状的穿透部101与引导至切口状的喷嘴110的运输通道区段103相连接。通过箭头示出了糊状物在运输通道中的运动方向。控制轴100可旋转地支承在孔105中。通过旋转控制轴大约25°(逆时针方向)将控制轴转变到第二切换位置中。这在图1b中示出。运输通道现在被封锁，从糊状物供给部切断运输通道的区段103。但为此区段103现在通过切口状的穿透部101与引导至负压源109的负压通道104处于联通的连接中。可通过负压通道104为区段103加载有负压。负压通道104在所标示的箭头的方向上将牵引力施加到位于区段103中的糊状物上。
在图2中发现控制轴100的一种备选的截面图示。在此可识别出切口状的穿透部101具有不同地构造的两个排出开口。开口107的开口角度明显大于开口106的开口角度。这保证在控制轴100旋转到第二切换位置中时保持穿透部101联结到运输通道区段103处。开口角度的大小在此必须与在运输通道区段102与负压通道104之间的径向间距相协调。开口角度通常处在10°与90°之间。

Claims (4)

1.一种用于在使用带有切口状排出开口的喷嘴的情况下利用包含电化学活跃粒子的糊状物间歇性地涂覆运动的表面的方法，其中，将糊状物从糊状物储存器通过运输通道供给排出开口，并且糊状物至所述排出开口的供给利用控制器件来调整，其在第一切换位置中释放糊状物至所述排出开口的供给，而在第二切换位置中封锁所述运输通道且从糊状物供给部切断所述运输通道的延伸直至所述排出开口的区段，其特征在于，如果所述控制器件处于第二切换位置中，为所述运输通道的从所述糊状物供给部切断的区段加载有负压，其中，所述控制器件如此构造使得其在第二切换位置中连接所述运输通道的切断的区段与负压源。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述控制器件为可旋转地支承的控制轴，其具有穿透部，通过其在第一切换位置中使所述糊状物储存器与所述排出开口处于联通的连接中，并且在第二切换位置中使所述运输通道的切断的区段与所述负压源处于联通的连接中。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述控制轴可旋转地支承在孔中，所述运输通道以及以所述负压源为起点的负压通道通到该孔中。
4.一种用于利用包含电化学活性粒子的糊状物间歇性地涂覆运动的表面的装置，包括喷嘴，其带有
• 切口状的排出开口，
• 运输通道，通过其将糊状物从糊状物储存器中供给所述排出开口，
• 控制器件，其调整糊状物至所述排出开口的供给，并且该控制器件在第一切换位置中释放糊状物至所述排出开口的供给，而在第二切换位置中封锁所述运输通道且从所述糊状物供给部切断所述运输通道的延伸直至所述排出开口的区段，以及
• 负压通道，可通过其连接所述运输通道的从所述糊状物供给部切断的区段与负压源，
其中，所述控制器件如此构造使得其在第二切换位置中连接所述运输通道的切断的区段与所述负压源。
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