CN103787738A - Special base fertilizer applicable to greenhouse tomato seedling culture - Google Patents
Special base fertilizer applicable to greenhouse tomato seedling culture Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a special base fertilizer applicable to greenhouse tomato seedling culture. The seedling culture special fertilizer combining an inorganic nutrient, an organic component, a synergistic component, a trace element and an improver is prepared according to the growth fertilizer requirement rule in tomato greenhouse seedling culture, the effects of optimization and yield increase are realized in the growth regulation of tomato seedlings, and the cultivation period is shortened; by applying the base fertilizer, the transplanted seedlings can be strengthened so that the plant height, stem thickness, true leaf number and blade number of the tomato reach the good transplanting conditions; meanwhile, the overground and underground parts develop in balance, the root system is developed with white color and multiple fibrous roots, and the root ball is firm and not loose. The preparation and development of the fertilizer are of promotion value to the cultivation technology of the regional processing tomatoes.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the processing tomato Special basal fertilizer of growing seedlings, the formula of the Special basal fertilizer of acquisition and application process, realized newly probing into, newly attempting of cultivation fertilizing management that processing tomato is grown seedlings, has important practical value.
Background technology
Xinjiang is one of main tomato-sauce place of production of China, and tomato processing has become a kind of Important Economic crop of increasing peasant income in recent years.It is the method for transplanting generally adopting at present that processing tomato is grown seedlings before broadcasting, and the method is conducive to avoid the early stage low temperature freezing-disaster in Xinjiang, can significantly improve the per unit area yield of processing tomato, is an effective way that realizes processing tomato stable market supply.Owing to aborning the base manure of growing seedlings being thinked little of, the seedling growth middle and later periods, along with watering and the evaporation of high temperature, make soil or the matrix nutrient loss of growing seedlings, very easily there is fertilizer deficiency phenomenon in seedling.Therefore prepare for the processing tomato Special basal fertilizer of nursing young plants in hothouses, have important production practice meaning.
Retrieving information discloses: number be 1. the patent of CN200810015500.7, the raw material of " tomato special-purpose irrigation fertilizer " following weight part is made: urea 25-35 part; Monoammonium phosphate 8-20 part; Potassium sulfate 35-45 part; Ammonium humate 15-25 part; Preparation method is: raw material is crushed to respectively 150-200 order, mixes in proportion, and last metering packing is finished product.2. application number is 200910113437 patents, and " a kind of preparation of tomato special fertilizer and application process " weighs mix with parts by weight, adds thinner in the time of granulation, then through oven drying at low temperature, sieve, measure, detect the qualified I of making type, II type special fertilizer.Its application process is: application of organic fertilizers and I type fertilizer before sowing in spring; Bloom, result imposes II type fertilizer; Young fruit expanding stage imposes II type fertilizer.In above-mentioned patent, the fertilizer research of tomato is mainly concentrated on to processing tomato using when the field production, concentrate on the tomato phase of yielding positive results to use simultaneously.The domestic existing report of applying on processing tomato about tomato special fertilizer, but relevant processing tomato is nursed young plants in hothouses, the configuration of Special basal fertilizer application has no bibliographical information and patent registration.
The nutritional needs growing that the present invention nurses young plants in hothouses take processing tomato is foundation, for under chamber state seedling stage processing tomato nutrient uptake feature, develop a kind of processing tomato Special basal fertilizer of nursing young plants in hothouses that is suitable for, using this base manure can healthy and strong transplanted seedling, make the plant height, stem of tomato thick, true leaf number and the number of blade reach good transplanting condition, side by side go up and underground part growth balance well developed root system, look white and fibrous root is many, and root sticks together solid not loose.The configuration research and development of this fertilizer have promotional value to the cultivation technique of zonal processing tomato.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to: the growth regulation of fertilizer requirement of nursing young plants in hothouses according to processing tomato, the special fertilizer for seedling culture take inorganic nutrient, organic component, synergy composition, trace element and modifying agent as combination of preparation, the effect that has played optimization, volume increase in the growth of regulation and control eggplant seedling, also shortens the effect of cultivation phase simultaneously.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this: a kind of Special basal fertilizer that is suitable for greenhouse tomato seedling, implement step by step;
Step 1 configures raw material with parts by weight:
Preparation: by weathered coal 12-15 part, organic 15-25 part; The fertile 35-45 part of phosphoric acid diamines, potassium sulphate fertilizer 15-25 part; Synergistic agent 1-5 part; Ferrous sulfate 0.1-0.6 part, zinc sulfate 0.1-0.4 part, manganous sulfate 0.1-0.5 part, borax 0.1-0.4 part, copper sulfate 0.1-0.4 part; Wilkinite 2-10 part composition;
Wherein weathered coal containing total humic acid be 40%, phosphoric acid diamines is 46% containing P2O5, is 18% containing N, potassium sulphate fertilizer is 50% containing K2O; The nitrogen of inorganic nutrients: phosphorus: the ratio of potassium is 1:3:1.5;
Preparation: above-mentioned raw materials is placed in to stirring tank successively, stirs, then be placed in tablets press mist projection granulating, oven drying at low temperature, sieves, and obtains Special basal fertilizer;
Using of step 2 special fertilizer:
Base manure: add 30 grams of special fertilizers in every 100 kilograms of soil, method of application is to pack in the dish of cave after fertilizer and soil or matrix are mixed;
Foliage-spray: during mid-March-April 10, every 2-3 days, spray nutritious liquor once, the wherein component of nutritive medium: 100kg water, urea 30-40g, potassium primary phosphate 20-30g;
True leaf 2 leaves are wholeheartedly: evenly spray the boron fertilizer of 0.1% concentration once;
Using of step 2 culturing and transplanting seedlings fertilizer:
1) water seed soaking: first tomato seeds is placed in clear water and is soaked, make the water suction of surperficial fine hair drenched, then be placed in the warm water of 50 ℃ and soak, time 15-30min, after warm water is processed, then puts into cold water, soak 2-3h, seed soaking finishes, and carries out seed pelleting, use 2.5% fludioxonil, the suspension seed-coating agent that is Fludionil adds suitable quantity of water furnishing pasty state, and the ratio of mixing 2kg seed when suitable happy in 10ml adds in seed, and it is sticked on seed, airing, i.e. sowing;
2) sterilization is filled to native cave dish pile, height 75-85cm, then presses down hole depth 1.3-1.8cm with flat board; The planting hole degree of depth that every dish extrudes is consistent, is beneficial to emerge neat, even;
3) grow seedlings: every cave dibbling 2-3 grain, with the Nutrition Soil soil covering configuring, floating with plate;
4) set after seedling dish, water spray, then covers plastics film in right amount, is conducive to insulation, soil moisture conservation, stratification;
5) when tomato emerges while reaching 60%, throw off the film on seedbed, control the temperature 25-30 ℃ on daytime, keep 15 ℃ night, minimum temperature is 8 ℃;
6) in the seedling growth middle and later periods, i.e. during mid-March-April 10, every 2-3 days, spray nutritious liquor is once; Nutritive medium is by 100kg water, urea 30-40g, and potassium primary phosphate 20-30g forms; Spray after the time of watering is 6 pm with shower nozzle, temperature does not exceed 30 ℃, if find that matrix is too dry, can first water clear water, second day teeming nutritive medium again;
7) grow to 2 leaves wholeheartedly time at seedling true leaf, evenly spray the boron fertilizer of 0.1% concentration once, be conducive to tomato bud differentiation.
Described Special basal fertilizer, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content are respectively after testing: 5-10%, 15-20%, 8-10%; Organic 15-20%, humic acid 4-8%; PH value is at 5-7.
The mechanism of action of the present invention and technique effect: special fertilizer is applicable to the growth phase of tomato seedling, be conducive to eggplant seedling and emerge, take root and leave after using, increase the output of tomato; Special fertilizer provides balanced nutrients element for tomato seedling, and the quality of strong eggplant seedling is beneficial to transplanting survival rate and later stage and keeps strong growth potential; Special fertilizer contains organic matter, promotes to produce microorganism in soil, improves calorific value and the temperature of soil.The three step fertilizing methods that this special fertilizer adopts base manure, foliage-spray, true leaf 2 leaves wholeheartedly to spray, compared with conventional seedbed system application effect, can improve the output 10-15% of processing tomato, show technical progress.
Embodiment
The present invention is further described in conjunction with the embodiments.
Embodiment
One, primary condition:
Cave is dug on level land: make a call to a ridge according to cave dish size every 6.6 meters, ridge length is booth width, the high 20cm in the ridge, the wide 30cm in the ridge, in furrow, level land again, in furrow, reach prepartion of land, soil is in small, broken bits, before the dish dress soil of cave, sterilizes with derosal, after this fertilizer and soil are mixed, pack in the dish of cave, then draw together flat punching with flat runner.
Drilling method: be to pile up one by one filling native cave dish, height 75-85cm, then uses and coil large flat board than cave and be placed on dish and press down, hole depth 1.3-1.7cm, it is consistent that the planting hole degree of depth that every dish extrudes is wanted, and is beneficial to emerge neat, evenly.
Hot water treatment of seeds: first seed is placed in clear water and is soaked, make surperficial fine hair water suction drenched, float flat grain, tomato seeds is placed in the warm water of 50 ℃ and constantly stirs, and at any time supplement hot water, make water temperature stability remain on 50-52 ℃, soak 15-30min, seed is after warm water is handled, put into again cold water and soak 2-3h, pull again seed out, after hoting water treatment of seeds, carry out again seed pelleting: add suitable quantity of water furnishing pasty state with 2.5% fludioxonil (international name Fludionil) suspension seed-coating agent, seed is carried out to Cotton seeds, in first when suitable happy, add suitable quantity of water furnishing pasty state, the ratio of mixing 2kg seed when suitable happy in 10ml adds seed to stir, medicament is sticked on seed equably, airing, i.e. sowing.
Two, the tomato configuration of special fertilizer of nursing young plants in hothouses:
1 group: 12 parts of weathered coals, 15 parts of the organic matters of getting organic nutrient; Fertile 35 parts of the phosphoric acid diamines of inorganic nutrients, 15 parts of potassium sulphate fertilizers; 1 part of the synergistic agent of synergistic component; 0.1 part of 0.1 part of 0.1 part, 0.1 part, ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, manganous sulfate, borax, 0.1 part, the copper sulfate of trace element; 2 parts of the wilkinites of modifying agent, mix is even, is placed in tablets press mist projection granulating, and oven drying at low temperature, sieves, and is up to the standards and obtains Special basal fertilizer.
2 groups: 15 parts of weathered coals, 25 parts of the organic matters of getting organic nutrient; Fertile 45 parts of the phosphoric acid diamines of inorganic nutrients, 25 parts of potassium sulphate fertilizers; 5 parts of the synergistic agent of synergistic component; 0.4 part of 0.5 part of 0.4 part, 0.6 part, ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, manganous sulfate, borax, 0.4 part, the copper sulfate of trace element; 10 parts of the wilkinites of modifying agent, mix is even, is placed in tablets press mist projection granulating, and oven drying at low temperature, sieves, and is up to the standards and obtains Special basal fertilizer.
3 groups: 13.5 parts of weathered coals, 20 parts of the organic matters of getting organic nutrient; Fertile 40 parts of the phosphoric acid diamines of inorganic nutrients, 20 parts of potassium sulphate fertilizers; 3 parts of the synergistic agent of synergistic component; 0.2 part of 0.3 part of 0.2 part, 0.3 part, ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, manganous sulfate, borax, 0.25 part, the copper sulfate of trace element; 6 parts of the wilkinites of modifying agent, mix is even, is placed in tablets press mist projection granulating, and oven drying at low temperature, sieves, and is up to the standards and obtains Special basal fertilizer.
1,2,3 group of optional one while using special fertilizer.
Synergistic agent is that De Sai Chemical Co., Ltd. produces.
Three, using of special fertilizer:
Base manure: add 30 grams of special fertilizers in every 100 kilograms of soil, method of application is to pack in the dish of cave after fertilizer and soil or matrix are mixed.
Foliage-spray: during mid-March-April 10, every 2-3 days, sprays one time of nutrition liquid;
Nutritive medium is by 100kg water, urea 30g, and potassium primary phosphate 20g mixes and makes; Or by 100kg water, urea 40g, potassium primary phosphate 30g mixes and makes; Or by 100kg water, urea 35g, potassium primary phosphate 25g mixes and makes; After time of application is preferably in 6 pm, when supplementary fertilizer, canopy temperature does not exceed 30 ℃, if find that matrix is too dry, can first water clear water, and second day teeming nutritive medium again, hinders root phenomenon otherwise there will be; After each supplementary fertilizer finishes, can suitably spray again once with clear water, when supplementary fertilizer, preferably ventilation opening be opened, prevent ammonia, avoid rice shoot generation ammonia intoxicating phenomenon.
True leaf 2 leaves are wholeheartedly: evenly spray the boron fertilizer of 0.1% concentration once.
Four, will install the cave dish of Nutrition Soil, 2 or 3 of every cave dibblings, point is in the middle of dish cave, then cover with preparation fertilizer soil, floating with plate, and plate edge is wiped clean, so that tooled joint when balance, before balance, furrow face upper berth one deck root resistance film, prevents from pricking under root system, then neat being placed in little furrow is checked and regulated in the cave of good point kind, aisle is left in centre, is convenient to management; After setting seedling dish, should spray water in time, thoroughly, then lid layer plastics film, is conducive to insulation, soil moisture conservation, stratification to require in seedling dish spray, when tomato emerges while reaching 60%, throws off in time the film on seedbed, in order to avoid scald seedling or form high pin seedling.
Be seeded into emerge need to be higher temperature, daytime nursery bed temperature keep 30 ℃, keep 15 ℃ night, 8 ℃ of minimum temperature of shed, emerge and grow 2 true leaves to seedling, this one-phase is the critical period of cultivating strong sprout, should strengthen illumination and reduce temperature, avoid excess Temperature to cause seedling excessive growth, the interior temperature of canopy on daytime remains on 24 ℃, 22 ℃ of temperature in seedbed, nighttime temperature is not less than 10 ℃, 14 ℃ of temperature in seedbed, 2 true leaves of seedling are to transplanting, 22 ℃ of temperature in daytime seedbed. 14 ℃ of nights, 9 ℃ of minimum temperatures, now temperature is higher, suitably open upper and lower ventilation opening daytime, carry out ventilation, transplant first 7 days, open gradually upper and lower ventilation opening, carry out hardening, approach to reach temperature of shed and outside air temperature.
Five, this product is used for test effect and the analysis in land for growing field crops:
Experimental field: tomato seedling base, river, village, Changji
One, implement design:
In warmhouse booth, transplanting carrier is soil, and nutrient situation is: organic content 10-14g/kg, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen 50-90mg/kg, rapid available phosphorus 6-10mg/kg, available potassium 150-200mg/kg.
Two, base manure is used: in every 100 kilograms of soil, add 30 grams of special fertilizers.Method of application is to pack in the dish of cave after fertilizer and soil are mixed.2 processing are set, repeat take hole, cave as unit sample, after transplanting, field management measure is consistent.
Three, test results and analysis:
The transplanted seedling growth period of table 1 processing tomato
Learnt by upper table data: after special fertilizer is grown seedlings, the date of seeding of transplanted seedling can evening, seedling raise period short, flowering period, ripening stage, plucking time all shifts to an earlier date for the first time, to receive the time of adopting timely the regulation and control of temperature and later stage to external world, is conducive to mechanical allotment and buying.
The transplanted seedling upgrowth situation of table 2 processing tomato
Learnt by upper table data: after special fertilizer is grown seedlings, the plant height of transplanted seedling, stem are thick, true leaf and basal part of stem purple part are all better than conventional seedbed system.
The transplanted seedling later stage production benefit of table 3 processing tomato
Learnt by upper table data: after special fertilizer is grown seedlings, in the production index of results, the special fertilizer that all shows of every formation production index is grown seedlings and is better than conventional seedbed system processing, wherein use the output volume increase 1500kg/hm that special fertilizer is grown seedlings
2, amount of increase in production is 15%.
Economic benefit of the present invention: using of this special fertilizer can be shortened 5-8 days by seedling raise period, reduces the consumption that the later stage sprays fertilizer, in mid-April, plant height can reach 14-15cm, the thick 0.25-0.35cm of stem, and upper and lower thickness is identical, internode is short, and interval equates, 5-5.5 sheet true leaf, blade plumpness, sound, the bright heart of dark green leaf color band, basal part of stem purple part accounts for 2/3, and ground and underground part are grown balance, well developed root system, look white and fibrous root is many, and root sticks together solid not loose.Behind such seedling replanting land for growing field crops, seedling-slowing stage is short, and the strong shape of growth, for the output that obtains early stage lays the foundation.Improve region modern agricultural production state of the art, drive peasant's increasing both production and income, for Regional Economic Development provides science and technology guarantee.
Claims (2)
1. a Special basal fertilizer that is suitable for greenhouse tomato seedling, is characterized in that: implement step by step;
Step 1 configures raw material with parts by weight:
Preparation: by weathered coal 12-15 part, organic 15-25 part; The fertile 35-45 part of phosphoric acid diamines, potassium sulphate fertilizer 15-25 part; Synergistic agent 1-5 part; Ferrous sulfate 0.1-0.6 part, zinc sulfate 0.1-0.4 part, manganous sulfate 0.1-0.5 part, borax 0.1-0.4 part, copper sulfate 0.1-0.4 part; Wilkinite 2-10 part composition;
Wherein weathered coal containing total humic acid be 40%, phosphoric acid diamines is containing P
2o
5being 46%, is 18% containing N, and potassium sulphate fertilizer is containing K
2o is 50%; The nitrogen of inorganic nutrients: phosphorus: the ratio of potassium is 1:3:1.5;
Preparation: above-mentioned raw materials is placed in to stirring tank successively, stirs, then be placed in tablets press mist projection granulating, oven drying at low temperature, sieves, and obtains Special basal fertilizer;
Using of step 2 special fertilizer:
Base manure: add 30 grams of special fertilizers in every 100 kilograms of soil, method of application is to pack in the dish of cave after fertilizer and soil or matrix are mixed;
Foliage-spray: during mid-March-April 10, every 2-3 days, spray nutritious liquor once, the wherein component of nutritive medium: 100kg water, urea 30-40g, potassium primary phosphate 20-30g;
True leaf 2 leaves are wholeheartedly: evenly spray the boron fertilizer of 0.1% concentration once;
Using of step 2 culturing and transplanting seedlings fertilizer:
1) water seed soaking: first tomato seeds is placed in clear water and is soaked, make the water suction of surperficial fine hair drenched, then be placed in the warm water of 50 ℃ and soak, time 15-30min, after warm water is processed, then puts into cold water, soak 2-3h, seed soaking finishes, and carries out seed pelleting, use 2.5% fludioxonil, the suspension seed-coating agent that is Fludionil adds suitable quantity of water furnishing pasty state, and the ratio of mixing 2kg seed when suitable happy in 10ml adds in seed, and it is sticked on seed, airing, i.e. sowing;
2) sterilization is filled to native cave dish pile, height 75-85cm, then presses down hole depth 1.3-1.8cm with flat board; The planting hole degree of depth that every dish extrudes is consistent, is beneficial to emerge neat, even;
3) grow seedlings: every cave dibbling 2-3 grain, with the Nutrition Soil soil covering configuring, floating with plate;
4) set after seedling dish, water spray, then covers plastics film in right amount, is conducive to insulation, soil moisture conservation, stratification;
5) when tomato emerges while reaching 60%, throw off the film on seedbed, control the temperature 25-30 ℃ on daytime, keep 15 ℃ night, minimum temperature is 8 ℃;
6) in the seedling growth middle and later periods, i.e. during mid-March-April 10, every 2-3 days, spray nutritious liquor is once; Nutritive medium is by 100kg water, urea 30-40g, and potassium primary phosphate 20-30g forms; Spray after the time of watering is 6 pm with shower nozzle, temperature does not exceed 30 ℃, if find that matrix is too dry, can first water clear water, second day teeming nutritive medium again;
7) grow to 2 leaves wholeheartedly time at seedling true leaf, evenly spray the boron fertilizer of 0.1% concentration once, be conducive to tomato bud differentiation.
2. Special basal fertilizer according to claim 1, is characterized in that: nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content be respectively after testing for this special fertilizer: 5-10%, 15-20%, 8-10%; Organic 15-20%, humic acid 4-8%; PH value is at 5-7.
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Cited By (9)
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| CN104211495A (en) * | 2014-08-15 | 2014-12-17 | 六安市农百万种业有限公司 | Tomato plantation slow release fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN104429266A (en) * | 2014-11-18 | 2015-03-25 | 何文 | Agricultural application technology for boron fertilizer |
| CN105393687A (en) * | 2015-11-18 | 2016-03-16 | 铜陵三泉现代农业开发有限公司 | Method for applying base fertilizer in tomato planting process |
| CN105746163A (en) * | 2016-04-21 | 2016-07-13 | 固镇县传红家庭农场 | Tomato planting technology |
| CN105981579A (en) * | 2016-01-29 | 2016-10-05 | 马鞍山绿丰种业有限公司 | Safe and pollution-free tomato seedling culture method |
| CN106171350A (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2016-12-07 | 固镇县华丰农业有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods improving Fructus Lycopersici esculenti mouthfeel |
| CN107027458A (en) * | 2016-01-29 | 2017-08-11 | 马鞍山绿丰种业有限公司 | A kind of tomato seedling method for being applied to arid soil plantation |
| CN110419397A (en) * | 2019-09-06 | 2019-11-08 | 黑龙江汉美生工业大麻科技有限公司 | A kind of Cultivate administration method improving No. 5 CBD contents of imperial hemp |
| CN115053723A (en) * | 2017-03-07 | 2022-09-16 | 三菱化学水解决方案株式会社 | Seedling raising device and seedling raising method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106171350A (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2016-12-07 | 固镇县华丰农业有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods improving Fructus Lycopersici esculenti mouthfeel |
| CN115053723A (en) * | 2017-03-07 | 2022-09-16 | 三菱化学水解决方案株式会社 | Seedling raising device and seedling raising method |
| CN110419397A (en) * | 2019-09-06 | 2019-11-08 | 黑龙江汉美生工业大麻科技有限公司 | A kind of Cultivate administration method improving No. 5 CBD contents of imperial hemp |
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