CN103782817A - Application of AM (arbuscularmycorrhizal) fungi to increasing crop yields and method for applying AM fungi to increasing crop yields - Google Patents
Application of AM (arbuscularmycorrhizal) fungi to increasing crop yields and method for applying AM fungi to increasing crop yields Download PDFInfo
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- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for applying AM (arbuscularmycorrhizal) fungi to increasing crop yields, and belongs to the field of agricultural microbiology application technologies. The method includes 1), sowing crop seeds into cultivation pots; 2), inoculating the AM fungi on the surfaces of the crop seeds; 3), transplanting crop seedlings infected by the AM fungi to experimental fields 10-15 days after seedlings of the sown seeds emerge; 4), applying compound fertilizers to the root of each seedling 15-20 days after the seedlings are transplanted to the experimental fields, paying attention to preserving soil moisture thereafter and properly performing ridging; 5), harvesting crops after the crops are ripe. The method has the advantages that symbionts are set up among the AM fungi and root systems of the crops, so that absorption areas of the root systems of the crops can be expanded, inorganic and organic fertilizers in soil can be sufficiently utilized, loss of the fertilizers and environmental pollution can be reduced, operation is facilitated, the agricultural cost is low, harden soil can be rehabilitated, the crop yields can be obviously increased as known from contrast experiments, and the like.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agriculture technical field of microbe application, be specifically related to AM fungi at the application and the application method that improve in crop yield.
Background technology
Applying fertilizer is one of effective way improving plant products, but plant but can not fully absorb most of fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer in soil, all there is the superfluous phenomenon of fertilising in most of farmland, if things go on like this, the situation that fertilizer efficiency declines, utilization rate of fertilizer reduces appears in soil.
Along with social development, the ecological agriculture and pollution-free food more and more receive people's concern.Mycorrhizal fungi mycelia in soil can with a kind of mutualistic symbiosis body of higher plant nutrition root growth, lacking on the soil of mineral matter and nitrogen phosphorus etc., outer huge root mycelia net can be distributed to root soil space more widely outward, expand whereby the ability that thereby the absorption area of soil nutrient is strengthened to host plant suction nutriment, improving plant nutrition level, is a kind of green fungi fertilizer of very environment protection health.
The AM fungi that the present invention adopts is the abbreviation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and it can form mycorhiza structure with the Root Symbiont of corn and mung bean; The corn of Mycorrhizal and mung bean can improve plant phosphorus element, nitrogen and mineral nutrition etc.Field trial for many years and application show to play an important role on Promoting plant growth, and can be used as a kind of bio-fertilizer and improve crop yield, culture fertility, but also can reduce fertilizer amount, by the castoff regenerative utilization in city, reduce environmental pollution.
Summary of the invention
The problem existing for prior art, the object of the invention is to design provides AM fungi improving application in crop yield and the technical scheme of application method, and the method is simple to operate, feasibility is strong, reduce environmental pollution, minimizing fertilizer application amount.
Described AM fungi, at the application method improving in crop yield, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
1) crop seed kind is entered in Culture basin, in described Culture basin, culture matrix is mixed by earth 15～20 weight portions and ash 0.5～3 weight portion;
2) AM fungi is inoculated in to crop seed surface, inoculum concentration is 10～20 spores/every, and every crop seed sprays 0.5～2.0mL AM fungus spore germination and mycelial growth promoter simultaneously, and this promoter is Carrot Roots juice;
3) planting seed emerge after 10th～15 days, the crop seedling of AM fungal infection is transplanted to experimental field;
4) after 15～20 days, apply composite fertilizer at every strain seedling root to experimental field, after this note soil moisture conservation, suitably ridging ridging;
5) after crop maturation, harvesting crops.
Described AM fungi, at the application method improving in crop yield, is characterized in that in described step 1), culture matrix is mixed by earth 16～19 weight portions and ash 1～2 weight portion.
Described AM fungi, at the application method improving in crop yield, is characterized in that described step 2) in inoculum concentration be 12～18 spores/every.
Described AM fungi, at the application method improving in crop yield, is characterized in that in described step 4), composite fertilizer is N-P-K mixed fertilizer, and wherein nitrogen phosphoris and potassium fertilizer ratio is 10～20:10～15:8～15.
Described AM fungi, at the application method improving in crop yield, is characterized in that applying 5～10g composite fertilizer at every strain seedling root in described step 4), adopts ring-type to implement, enclose and execute, when fertilising, first ditch, do not injure root system of plant, ditch depth 5～10cm, earthing after fertilising.
Described AM fungi is in the application improving in crop yield.
In the present invention, AM fungi is cultivated and is obtained by the disclosed method of patent of invention of publication number CN101565689A.
The present invention is by adding AM fungi and crop root to set up symbiont, expand the absorption area of crop root, there is the inorganic and fertilizer making full use of in soil, reduce the loss of fertilizer, reduce environmental pollution, easy to operate, agricultural cost is low, repair the advantages such as soil that harden.And known by comparative trial, the present invention can significantly improve the output of crop.Applicable crops of the present invention is Chinese sorghum, mung bean, corn, soybean, tobacco, pseudo-ginseng, potato, capsicum, cotton, watermelon, strawberry etc.
Embodiment
Further illustrate the present invention below in conjunction with embodiment.
Embodiment 1:
1) mung bean seed kind is entered in Culture basin, in described Culture basin, culture matrix is mixed by earth 19 weight portions and ash 1 weight portion;
2) AM fungi is inoculated in to mung bean seed surface, inoculum concentration is 10～20 spores/every, and every crop seed sprays 1mL AM fungus spore germination and mycelial growth promoter simultaneously, and this promoter is Carrot Roots juice;
3) after mung bean seed insemination and emergence the 10th day, the mung bean seedlings of AM fungal infection is transplanted to experimental field;
4) to experimental field after 15 days, apply 5g composite fertilizer at every strain seedling root, after this note soil moisture conservation, suitably ridging ridging, employing ring-type is implemented, circle is executed, when fertilising, first ditch, do not injure root system of plant, ditch depth 5～10cm, earthing after fertilising, composite fertilizer is N-P-K mixed fertilizer, and wherein nitrogen phosphoris and potassium fertilizer ratio is 10～20:10～15:8～15;
5) after 2 months, harvesting crops.
Carrot Roots juice: (this solid culture medium contains: magnesium sulfate 720-740mg/L in the culture dish of solid culture medium in the cultivation of the Carrot Roots that Agrobacterium rhizogenes plasmid DNA is transformed, potassium nitrate 70-90 mg/L, potassium chloride 55-75 mg/L, nitrate of lime 270-290mg/L, NaFeEDTA sodium salt 5-12mg/L, inositol 40-60 mg/L, manganese sulphate 0.01-0.08 mg/L, copper sulphate 0.01-0.03 mg/L, boric acid 0.3-0.6 mg/L, zinc sulphate 0.1-0.4 mg/L, potassium iodide 0.01-0.03mg/L, sodium molybdate 0.01-0.03 mg/L, cobalt chloride 0.01-0.04 mg/L, Cobastab 0.1-0.3mg/L, the BEEP alcohol 0.1-0.3mg/L that trembles, nicotinic acid 0.2-0.8 mg/L, sucrose 7500-8500mg/L, glucose 4500-5500mg/L and natural plant gum 3500-4500mg/L), after one month, carefully root is moved on to in the liquid nutrient medium that contains 3% sucrose, (this liquid nutrient medium contains: magnesium sulfate 720-740mg/L, potassium nitrate 70-90 mg/L, potassium chloride 55-75 mg/L, nitrate of lime 270-290mg/L, NaFeEDTA sodium salt 5-12mg/L, inositol 40-60 mg/L, manganese sulphate 0.01-0.08 mg/L, copper sulphate 0.01-0.03 mg/L, boric acid 0.3-0.6 mg/L, zinc sulphate 0.1-0.4 mg/L, potassium iodide 0.01-0.03mg/L, sodium molybdate 0.01-0.03 mg/L, cobalt chloride 0.01-0.04 mg/L, Cobastab 0.1-0.3mg/L, the BEEP alcohol 0.1-0.3mg/L that trembles, nicotinic acid 0.2-0.8 mg/L and glucose 4500-5500mg/L), 24 ℃ of growths 4 weeks, under gnotobasis, by washed with de-ionized water 2 times, 24 ℃ of growths 1 week in aseptic deionized water subsequently, collect root leachate, obtain Carrot Roots juice.
In embodiment 1, breeding is transplanted the proterties of the mung bean after 60 days and is only applied the mung bean of composite fertilizer's breeding transplanting after 60 days and compares, and the results are shown in Table 1:
The impact of table 1 AM fungal organism fertilizer on growth of mung beans and phosphorus
Embodiment 2:
1) glutinous east 4 corns or eastern sweet corn seeds kind are entered in Culture basin, in described Culture basin, culture matrix is mixed by earth 15 weight portions and ash 3 weight portions;
2) AM fungi is inoculated in to east glutinous 4 corns or eastern sweet corn seeds surface, inoculum concentration is 12～18 spores/every, and every crop seed sprays 0.5 or 2.0mL AM fungus spore germination and mycelial growth promoter simultaneously, and this promoter is Carrot Roots juice;
3) after glutinous 4 corns or the eastern sweet corn seeds insemination and emergence of east 10th～15 days, glutinous 4 corns in east or eastern sweet corn seedlings that AM bacterium is infected were transplanted to experimental field;
4) to experimental field after 15～20 days, apply 10g composite fertilizer at every strain seedling root, after this note soil moisture conservation, suitably ridging ridging, employing ring-type is implemented, circle is executed, when fertilising, first ditch, do not injure root system of plant, ditch depth 5～10cm, earthing after fertilising, composite fertilizer is N-P-K mixed fertilizer, and wherein nitrogen phosphoris and potassium fertilizer ratio is 10～20:10～15:8～15;
5) after 2 months, harvesting crops.
The proterties that in embodiment 2, glutinous 4 corns in east after 60 days or eastern sweet corn are transplanted in breeding compares with only applying glutinous 4 corns in east or the eastern sweet corn that composite fertilizer's breeding transplants after 60 days, the results are shown in Table 2 and 3:
Table 2 AM fungal organism fertilizer is on glutinous 4 corns in east and the impact of eastern sweet corn Growth and yield
Table 3 AM fungal organism fertilizer is on the glutinous 4 corn growth impacts in east
As can be seen from the above embodiments, apply corn that AM fungi educates and mung bean and transplant and cultivate after 60 days, the plant height of mung bean has reduced by 2.05% than the mung bean that does not add AM bacterium, effectively improves the power resistant to lodging of mung bean; Meanwhile, its leaf is long, leaf is wide, phosphorus content and absorbance have improved 5.26%, 1.97%, 40.22% and 48.67% than the mung bean that does not add AM bacterium; Apply AM fungi than do not add AM fungi east glutinous 4 and eastern sweet corn obviously improved 7.65% and 9.14%, 16.84% and 5.73%, 6.15% and 24.71% in corn ear quality, total nitrogen content and dry weight sugar content; Glutinous 4 corns in east that the cauline leaf mass ratio that wherein applies glutinous 4 corns in east of AM fungi does not add AM bacterium have obviously improved 18.03%; Experimental result shows, applies mung bean and corn that the mung bean of AM fungi and the stem of corn, leaf, total nitrogen total phosphorus content and corn ear quality are obviously better than not adding AM fungi.
The experimental result of planting mung bean and corn by experimental field shows, adding AM fungi directly to apply fertilizer than tradition compares, apply AM fungi and there is the fertilizer of making full use of, improve crop yield, when reducing fertilizer loss, can effectively reduce the eutrophication pollution in the lake, ocean of causing because agricultural fertilizer is excessive.
As made the crop in embodiment 1 and 2 other crops such as into soybean, tobacco, pseudo-ginseng, potato, capsicum, cotton, watermelon, strawberry, finally also can reach the technique effect similar with 2 to embodiment 1.
Claims (6)
1.AM fungi, at the application method improving in crop yield, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
1) crop seed kind is entered in Culture basin, in described Culture basin, culture matrix is mixed by earth 15～20 weight portions and ash 0.5～3 weight portion;
2) AM fungi is inoculated in to crop seed surface, inoculum concentration is 10～20 spores/every, and every crop seed sprays 0.5～2.0mL AM fungus spore germination and mycelial growth promoter simultaneously, and this promoter is Carrot Roots juice;
3) planting seed emerge after 10th～15 days, the crop seedling of AM fungal infection is transplanted to experimental field;
4) after 15～20 days, apply composite fertilizer at every strain seedling root to experimental field, after this note soil moisture conservation, suitably ridging ridging;
5) after crop maturation, harvesting crops.
2. AM fungi as claimed in claim 1, at the application method improving in crop yield, is characterized in that in described step 1), culture matrix is mixed by earth 16～19 weight portions and ash 1～2 weight portion.
3. AM fungi as claimed in claim 1, at the application method improving in crop yield, is characterized in that described step 2) in inoculum concentration be 12～18 spores/every.
4. AM fungi as claimed in claim 1, at the application method improving in crop yield, is characterized in that in described step 4), composite fertilizer is N-P-K mixed fertilizer, and wherein nitrogen phosphoris and potassium fertilizer ratio is 10～20:10～15:8～15.
5. AM fungi as claimed in claim 1 is at the application method improving in crop yield, it is characterized in that applying 5～10g composite fertilizer at every strain seedling root in described step 4), adopt ring-type to implement, enclose and execute, when fertilising, first ditch, do not injure root system of plant, ditch depth 5～10cm, earthing after fertilising.
6.AM fungi is in the application improving in crop yield.
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| CN104450536A (en) * | 2014-11-13 | 2015-03-25 | 山东农业大学 | Separation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi as well as preparation and application of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi fungicide |
| CN107278406A (en) * | 2017-07-21 | 2017-10-24 | 吉林省林业科学研究院 | A kind of method that utilization arbuscular mycorrhiza repairs saline-alkali bare land |
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