CN103782776B - The method of the ealy maturing culture of a kind of booth fresh edible maize and interplanting sponge gourd - Google Patents
The method of the ealy maturing culture of a kind of booth fresh edible maize and interplanting sponge gourd Download PDFInfo
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- CN103782776B CN103782776B CN201410046210.4A CN201410046210A CN103782776B CN 103782776 B CN103782776 B CN 103782776B CN 201410046210 A CN201410046210 A CN 201410046210A CN 103782776 B CN103782776 B CN 103782776B
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Abstract
The invention belongs to agricultural technology field, disclose the method for the ealy maturing culture of a kind of booth fresh edible maize and interplanting sponge gourd.Comprise the following steps: (1) booth is built; (2) Fruit variety; (3) seeding and seedling raising: adopt 72 hole dish Light media nursery; (4) whole ground ridging; (5) field planting; (6) field management: fresh edible maize booth+Small plastic shed+plastic mulching, sponge gourd booth+plastic mulching; (7) gather.The fresh edible maize of the inventive method cultivation can ahead of time to mid or late May listing, and more existing cultivation method does sth. in advance listing in 20 ~ 30 days, Shelf-life 2 ~ 3 days, not only meets the early stage market demand, and considerably increases planting benefit; At booth both sides interplanting sponge gourd, not only save cost and the amount of labour used, and facility resource can be made full use of and improve unit are benefit.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the method for the ealy maturing culture of a kind of booth fresh edible maize and interplanting sponge gourd, belong to agricultural technology field.
Background technology
Due to the Novel rural product that fresh edible maize is a kind of nutritious, instant, add the reinforcement of people's health care consciousness, the demand of market to fresh edible maize increases year by year, and the fresh edible maize especially gone on the market to fresh fringe doubly likes favor; Fresh edible maize has shorter, cultivation relative ease breeding time, within 1 year, can repeatedly cultivate and advantage that economic benefit is higher, and be more and more subject to liking of grower in recent years, cultivated area expands rapidly.
The traditional planting type of fresh edible maize is live or plastic film mulching cultivation, gathers in 6 months at the beginning of 7 months, and shorter and temperature higher being unfavorable for listing phase preserves, and causes economic benefit general.In recent years along with the continuous expansion of greenhouse facility area, the efficiency utilization problem of facility is also increasingly outstanding, therefore, how to improve the fresh edible maize listing phase ahead of time by cultivation method, increase planting benefit and elongate the market supply phase, meeting the demand that citizen consume fresh edible maize long season; And make full use of facility resource, excavate output and the benefit potentiality of unit are, promote that the development of the high efficiency of industrialized agriculture just seems particularly important.
Summary of the invention
For solving above-mentioned prior art Problems existing, the invention provides the method for the ealy maturing culture of a kind of booth fresh edible maize and interplanting sponge gourd, can go on the market ahead of time with the method cultivating fresh edible corn, increase planting benefit and make full use of greenhouse facility resource.
For achieving the above object, technical scheme of the present invention is:
A method for the ealy maturing culture of booth fresh edible maize and interplanting sponge gourd, comprises the steps:
1) booth is built: select that smooth, the irrigation and drainage of physical features are convenient, the field of fertile soil is carried out, booth width 8m, length 35 ~ 40m, and with covered rearing with plastic film;
2) seeding and seedling raising: fresh edible maize carried out in greenhouse at the beginning of 2 months, nocturnal temperature controls, more than 15 DEG C, to be no more than 30 DEG C daytime; Sponge gourd nursery was carried out at the beginning of 3 months in booth.Adopt Light media point disk seedling growing, dish employing 72 hole, cave seedling-cultivating tray;
3) whole ground ridging: every 667m
2apply well-rotted farmyard manure 2000kg and soil rotary tillage, as base manure, is then raked by 45% potassium sulfate Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium (15-15-15) 50kg, from 1 ridge, each of 30cm place, booth both sides, row spacing 40cm, the high 15 ~ 20cm in ridge, plantation sponge gourd; Start from 30cm place, sponge gourd ridge, play 3 ridges respectively, row spacing 180cm, the high 10 ~ 15cm in ridge, distance between the ridges 30cm, plantation fresh edible maize;
4) field planting: 4 row are planted on the every ridge of fresh edible maize, adopts the method for size row, and large every trade is apart from 80cm, and little every trade is apart from 40cm, spacing in the rows 25cm; 1 row is planted, spacing in the rows 150cm in the every ridge of sponge gourd;
5) field management: water a seedling recovering water after field planting.The Small plastic shed covering that fresh edible maize 2m is wide, when daytime, temperature of shed was higher than 30 DEG C, needs aeration-cooling, after living, every strain is spreaded manuer in holes urea 5g, during 12 ~ 13, visible leaf, every strain is spreaded manuer in holes urea 10g, waters respectively once in one-tenth seedling stage, shooting stage, heading stage and pustulation period; After sponge gourd field planting, the every strain in 15 (d) left and right is spreaded manuer in holes 45% potassium sulfate Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium (15-15-15) 30g, often gather 2 times afterwards every strain to spread manuer in holes 45% potassium sulfate Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium (15-15-15) 60g, to suitably water at florescence and fruit expanding period;
6) gather: fresh edible maize is 20 ~ 22 days maturations after pollination, gather in mid or late May; Sponge gourd is gathered, from mid or late May to end of gathering by the end of August after spending for 10 ~ 12 days;
The proportioning of wherein said 45% potassium sulfate Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium is: 15-15-15.。
Further, above-mentioned method, step 4) in, the plastic mulching that before field planting, fresh edible maize and sponge gourd plantation ridge use 200cm and 50cm wide respectively, field planting when 4 ~ 5, the visible leaf of fresh edible maize, sponge gourd have 1 true leaf.
Further, above-mentioned method, step 5) in, early April removes Small plastic shed, and the first tenday period of a month in May remove greenhouse plastic film;
Further, above-mentioned method, step 5) in, sponge gourd first draws climing to booth steelframe with the bamboo pole of long 1.5m, diameter 1cm, then with booth steelframe for climing bracing frame climbed by sponge gourd;
Further, the Fruit variety of described fresh edible maize and sponge gourd is: the Early-medium maturing variety that selection is of fine quality, strong stress resistance, output are high, and fresh edible maize such as Jingtian No.3, Su Ke spend glutinous 2008, and sponge gourd is as Jiangshu 1;
Further, described method is applicable to the cultivation method of Yangtze river basin booth in early spring fresh edible maize interplanting sponge gourd.
Relative to prior art, the present invention adopts the culture technique means of reasonable science, builds suitable growing environment and makes full use of facility resource, achieves precocious and efficient object, has the following advantages:
1, fresh edible maize listing ahead of time.The booth fresh edible maize ealy maturing culture listing phase is advanced to mid or late May, does sth. in advance listing 20 ~ 30 days than conventional cultivation, and early stage listing price is up to 6 yuan/kg, and comparatively conventional cultivation can improve effects 30 ~ 50%.Not only meet the early stage market demand, and considerably increase planting benefit;
2, fresh edible maize growth is even, ripe consistent.Fresh edible maize transplanting hole tray seedling, emerge neatly, growth is consistent, planting percent is high, is convenient to management, add that the maturing stage consistent, convenience of gathering, reaches the object of dart transfer, more directly sows cultivation and can improve output 5 ~ 10%, improve effects 10 ~ 15%;
3, the listing phase of fresh edible maize is mid or late May, and temperature is not very high, extends the shelf life 2 ~ 3 days of fresh edible maize, is convenient to market sale;
4, make full use of facility resource, improve unit are benefit.At booth both sides interplanting sponge gourd, the bracing frame utilizing booth steelframe to be sponge gourd, provides cost savings and the amount of labour used, every 667m
2recruitment and Master Cost 150 ~ 200 yuan can be saved.The every 667m of sponge gourd
2more than output 5000kg, the output value more than 10000 yuan.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention program is described in further details:
Embodiment 1
A method for the ealy maturing culture of booth sweet corn and interplanting sponge gourd, comprises the steps:
(1) booth is built: select that smooth, the irrigation and drainage of physical features are convenient, the field of fertile soil is carried out, booth width 8m, length 35 ~ 40m, and with covered rearing with plastic film;
(2) Fruit variety: the Early-medium maturing variety that selection is of fine quality, strong stress resistance, output are high, Sweet corn variety is Jingtian No.3, and variety of luffa is Jiangshu 1;
(3) Cultural technique:
1, seeding and seedling raising: Jingtian No.3 carries out on February 5th, 2012 in greenhouse, nocturnal temperature controls, more than 15 DEG C, to be no more than 30 DEG C daytime; Jiangshu 1 was in nursery in booth on March 6 in 2012.Adopt Light media point disk seedling growing, matrix adopts grow seedlings of vegetable dedicated substrate, dish employing 72 hole, cave seedling-cultivating tray.
2, whole ground ridging: every 667m
2apply well-rotted farmyard manure 2000kg and soil rotary tillage, as base manure, is then raked by 45% potassium sulfate Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium (15-15-15) 50kg, from 1 ridge, each of 30cm place, booth both sides, row spacing 40cm, high 15 ~ the 20cm in ridge, with the plastic mulching that 50cm is wide, prepares plantation sponge gourd; Start from 30cm place, sponge gourd ridge, play 3 ridges respectively, row spacing 180cm, the high 10 ~ 15cm in ridge, distance between the ridges 30cm, with the plastic mulching that 200cm is wide, prepare plantation sweet corn.
3, field planting: get final product field planting when 4 ~ 5, the visible leaf of Jingtian No.3 sweet corn, 4 row are planted on every ridge, adopts the method for size row, and large every trade is apart from 80cm, and little every trade is apart from 40cm, spacing in the rows 25cm; When Jiangshu 1 sponge gourd has 1 true leaf to get final product field planting, 1 row is planted on every ridge, spacing in the rows 150cm.
4, field management:
(1) Jingtian No.3 sweet corn: water a seedling recovering water after field planting, and with fine earth, mulch film mouth is sealed, the Small plastic shed wide with 2m covers, when daytime, temperature of shed was higher than 30 DEG C, need aeration-cooling, after living, every strain is spreaded manuer in holes urea 5g, during 12 ~ 13, visible leaf, in conjunction with intertill and clean tillage, every strain is spreaded manuer in holes urea 10g, becoming seedling stage, shooting stage, heading stage and pustulation period to water respectively once, corn borer Avermectin 1500 times of liquid controls, remove Small plastic shed in early April.
(2) Jiangshu 1 sponge gourd: water once a fixed water after field planting in time and with fine earth, mulch film mouth sealed.15 days afterwards every strain to spread manuer in holes 45% potassium sulfate Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium (15-15-15) 30g.Take out climing rear with being about 1.5m, the bamboo pole of diameter 1cm draws climing to booth steelframe, ties up climing in time.Should gather in time when fruit diameter is about 2cm.Often gather 2 times afterwards every strain to spread manuer in holes 45% potassium sulfate Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium (15-15-15) 60g, to suitably water at florescence and fruit expanding period.The first tenday period of a month in May remove greenhouse plastic film, guide greenhouse frame in time by climing for melon.
5, gather: Jingtian No.3 sweet corn, in pollination latter about 20 days maturations, was gathered complete May 22 to 26 days, every 667m
2output reaches 850kg; Jiangshu 1 sponge gourd after spend 10 ~ 12 days, diameter gathers when being about 2cm, from May 20 to end of gathering by the end of August, every 667m
2output 5120kg.
Embodiment 2
The method of the ealy maturing culture of a kind of booth waxy corn and interplanting sponge gourd comprises the steps:
(1) booth is built: select that smooth, the irrigation and drainage of physical features are convenient, the field of fertile soil is carried out, booth width 8m, length 35 ~ 40m, and with covered rearing with plastic film;
(2) Fruit variety: the Early-medium maturing variety that selection is of fine quality, strong stress resistance, output are high, glutinous corn variety is that Su Ke spends glutinous 2008, and variety of luffa is Jiangshu 1;
(3) Cultural technique:
1, seeding and seedling raising: Su Ke spends glutinous 2008 to carry out on February 8th, 2013 in greenhouse, and nocturnal temperature controls, more than 15 DEG C, to be no more than 30 DEG C daytime; Jiangshu 1 was in nursery in booth on March 5 in 2013.Adopt Light media point disk seedling growing, matrix adopts grow seedlings of vegetable dedicated substrate, dish employing 72 hole, cave seedling-cultivating tray.
2, whole ground ridging: every 667m
2apply well-rotted farmyard manure 2000kg and soil rotary tillage, as base manure, is then raked by 45% potassium sulfate Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium (15-15-15) 50kg, from 1 ridge, each of 30cm place, booth both sides, row spacing 40cm, high 15 ~ the 20cm in ridge, with the plastic mulching that 50cm is wide, prepares plantation sponge gourd; Start from 30cm place, sponge gourd ridge, play 3 ridges respectively, row spacing 180cm, the high 10 ~ 15cm in ridge, distance between the ridges 30cm, with the plastic mulching that 200cm is wide, prepare plantation waxy corn.
3, field planting: get final product field planting when Su Ke spends during 4 ~ 5, the visible leaf of glutinous 2008 waxy corn, 4 row are planted on every ridge, adopts the method for size row, and large every trade is apart from 80cm, and little every trade is apart from 40cm, spacing in the rows 25cm; When Jiangshu 1 sponge gourd has 1 true leaf to get final product field planting, 1 row is planted on every ridge, spacing in the rows 150cm.
4, field management:
(1) Su Ke spends glutinous 2008 waxy corns: water a seedling recovering water after field planting, and with fine earth, mulch film mouth is sealed, the Small plastic shed wide with 2m covers, when daytime, temperature of shed was higher than 30 DEG C, need aeration-cooling, after living, every strain is spreaded manuer in holes urea 5g, during 12 ~ 13, visible leaf, in conjunction with intertill and clean tillage, every strain is spreaded manuer in holes urea 10g, becoming seedling stage, shooting stage, heading stage and pustulation period to water respectively once, corn borer Avermectin 1500 times of liquid controls, remove Small plastic shed in early April.
(2) Jiangshu 1 sponge gourd: water once a fixed water after field planting in time and with fine earth, mulch film mouth sealed.15 days afterwards every strain to spread manuer in holes 45% potassium sulfate Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium (15-15-15) 30g.Take out climing rear with being about 1.5m, the bamboo pole of diameter 1cm draws climing to booth steelframe, ties up climing in time.Should gather in time when fruit diameter is about 2cm.Often gather 2 times afterwards every strain to spread manuer in holes 45% potassium sulfate Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium (15-15-15) 60g, to suitably water at florescence and fruit expanding period.The first tenday period of a month in May remove greenhouse plastic film, guide greenhouse frame in time by climing for melon.
5, gather: Su Ke spends glutinous 2008 waxy corns in pollination latter about 22 days maturations, gathers complete, every 667m May 23 to 26 days
2output reaches 875kg; Jiangshu 1 sponge gourd after spend 10 ~ 12 days, diameter gathers when being about 2cm, from May 20 to end of gathering by the end of August, every 667m
2output 5060kg.
The every 667m of fresh edible maize in embodiment
2output reaches more than 800kg, comparatively conventional cultivation method volume increase 5 ~ 10%, listing ahead of time 20 ~ 30 days, and early stage listing price is up to 6 yuan/kg, and improve effects 40 ~ 65%, also extends shelf life, is convenient to market sale.Not only meet the early stage market demand, and considerably increase planting benefit; At booth both sides interplanting sponge gourd, the bracing frame utilizing booth steelframe to be sponge gourd, provides cost savings and the amount of labour used, the every 667m of sponge gourd
2more than output 5000kg, the output value more than 10000 yuan.Take full advantage of facility resource and improve unit are benefit preferably, facilitating the high efficiency development of industrialized agriculture.
The above, be only the specific embodiment of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any change of expecting without creative work or replacement, all should be encompassed within protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, the protection domain that protection scope of the present invention should limit with claims is as the criterion.
Claims (6)
1. a method for the ealy maturing culture of booth fresh edible maize and interplanting sponge gourd, is characterized in that, comprise the steps:
1) booth is built: select that smooth, the irrigation and drainage of physical features are convenient, the field of fertile soil is built, booth width 8m, length 35 ~ 40m, and with covered rearing with plastic film;
2) seeding and seedling raising: select mid-early maturity fresh edible maize at the beginning of 2 months in greenhouse seeding and seedling raising, nocturnal temperature controls, more than 15 DEG C, to be no more than 30 DEG C daytime; Select the nursery in booth at the beginning of 3 months of precocious sponge gourd; Adopt Light media point disk seedling growing, dish employing 72 hole, cave seedling-cultivating tray;
3) whole ground ridging: every 667m
2apply well-rotted farmyard manure 2000kg and 45% potassium sulfate Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 50kg as base manure, then soil rotary tillage is raked, from 1 ridge, each of 30cm place, booth both sides, row spacing 40cm, the high 15 ~ 20cm in ridge, plantation sponge gourd; Start from 30cm place, sponge gourd ridge, play 3 ridges respectively, row spacing 180cm, the high 10 ~ 15cm in ridge, distance between the ridges 30cm, plantation fresh edible maize;
4) field planting: 4 row are planted on the every ridge of fresh edible maize, adopts the plantation of size row, and large every trade is apart from 80cm, and little every trade is apart from 40cm, spacing in the rows 25cm; 1 row is planted, spacing in the rows 150cm in the every ridge of sponge gourd;
5) field management: water a seedling recovering water after field planting; The Small plastic shed covering that fresh edible maize 2m is wide, when daytime, temperature of shed was higher than 30 DEG C, needs aeration-cooling, after living, every strain is spreaded manuer in holes urea 5g, during 12 ~ 13, visible leaf, every strain is spreaded manuer in holes urea 10g, waters respectively once in one-tenth seedling stage, shooting stage, heading stage and pustulation period; After sponge gourd field planting, every strain in about 15 days is spreaded manuer in holes 45% potassium sulfate Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 30g, often gather 2 times afterwards every strain to spread manuer in holes 45% potassium sulfate Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 60g, to suitably water at florescence and fruit expanding period;
6) gather: fresh edible maize is 20 ~ 22 days maturations after pollination, gather in mid or late May; Sponge gourd is gathered, from mid or late May to end of gathering by the end of August after spending for 10 ~ 12 days;
The proportioning of wherein said 45% potassium sulfate Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium is: 15-15-15.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described step 4) in, fresh edible maize and the sponge gourd plantation ridge plastic mulching of using 200cm and 50cm wide respectively before field planting, field planting when 4 ~ 5, the visible leaf of fresh edible maize, sponge gourd have 1 true leaf.
3. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described step 5) in, remove Small plastic shed in early April, the first tenday period of a month in May remove plastic film of greenhouse.
4. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described step 5) in, sponge gourd first draws climing to booth steelframe with the bamboo pole of long 1.5m, diameter 1cm, then with booth steelframe for climing bracing frame climbed by sponge gourd.
5. the method according to any one of claim 2-4, is characterized in that, described step 2) in, fresh edible maize kind comprises Jingtian No.3 and Su Ke spends glutinous 2008; Variety of luffa is Jiangshu 1.
6. method according to claim 5, is characterized in that: described method is applicable to the cultivation method of Yangtze river basin booth in early spring fresh edible maize interplanting sponge gourd.
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