CN103782193B - 通过超声波检测物体位置的设备及方法 - Google Patents

通过超声波检测物体位置的设备及方法 Download PDF

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CN103782193B
CN103782193B CN201280042907.3A CN201280042907A CN103782193B CN 103782193 B CN103782193 B CN 103782193B CN 201280042907 A CN201280042907 A CN 201280042907A CN 103782193 B CN103782193 B CN 103782193B
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laser beam
laser
ultrasonic signal
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CN103782193A (zh
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凯文·L·安布鲁斯特
布拉德·D·吉尔马丁
彼得·J·屈克达尔
伯纳德·J·理查德
丹尼尔·J·瑞安
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Alltec Angewandte Laserlicht Technologie GmbH
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S15/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of acoustic waves, e.g. sonar systems
    • G01S15/02—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of acoustic waves, e.g. sonar systems using reflection of acoustic waves
    • G01S15/06—Systems determining the position data of a target
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S15/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of acoustic waves, e.g. sonar systems
    • G01S15/86—Combinations of sonar systems with lidar systems; Combinations of sonar systems with systems not using wave reflection
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S15/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of acoustic waves, e.g. sonar systems
    • G01S15/02—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of acoustic waves, e.g. sonar systems using reflection of acoustic waves
    • G01S15/04—Systems determining presence of a target

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  • Length Measuring Devices Characterised By Use Of Acoustic Means (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种通过超声波检测物体位置的设备，包括至少一个超声波传感器，用于接收从物体发来的超声波信号，及计算装置，基于接收到的超声波信号，计算物体的位置。还设有至少一个激光器单元，用于产生脉冲激光束，其中所述脉冲激光束被定向至物体，并适用于在物体表面造成振动，借此物体被激发产生超声波信号。本发明还涉及一种通过超声波检测物体位置的方法，其中通过至少一个超声波传感器接收从物体发出的超声波信号，并基于接收到的超声波信号计算物体的位置。脉冲激光束由至少一个激光器单元产生，所述激光束被定向至物体，并且通过脉冲激光束在物体表面造成振动，其中物体被激发以产生超声波信号。

Description

通过超声波检测物体位置的设备及方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种如前文权利要求1所述的设备。
本发明进一步涉及一种通过如权利要求9所述的超声波检测物体位置的方法。该设备包括至少一个超声波传感器，用于接收从物体发来的超声波信号，及计算装置，基于接收的超声波信号计算物体的位置。
背景技术
众所周知的是，通过超声波信号可检测物体的距离。采用在超声波距离测量的技术原理在于传输超声波脉冲至工作介质，并测量传输时刻与收到距离目标的回波的时刻间的脉冲时间。多个应用可能性中，超声波测距可用于标记设备，例如通过超声波在平均灌装线上用条形码标记每个瓶子。为了通过激光设备应用于一种可读性良好的条形码，检测要精确标记的物体的位置是至关重要的。
通常，物体在传送带上相对于标记仪器移动。由移动物体反射的超声波信号的叠加可造成正确检测单一物体的位置的难度，特别是因为传送带上物体相对于标记仪器的速度应该尽可能快。使用常规超声波换能器执行发射器和接收器的双重功能会产生进一步的问题。由此，在关闭激发电压或输电电压后，超声波换能器不可用于即时接收信号，因为压电晶体具有有限的衰减时间。因此，由于换能器元件不能同时进行传输和接收，可在一定的时间间隔内执行的测距的数量受限。
美国专利US5646907A公开了一种设置在浮动平台上的方法和系统，用于探测等于或低于水体表面的物体。高功率波束被被定向至水的表面，且当它撞击浮动在水表面或在水表面下的物体时，压力脉冲或是在物体表面或是在水表面产生。压力脉冲在水中造成声波特性的回馈，该回馈被水下声波探测器探测来定位物体及尽可能将他们归类。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种通过超声波快速可靠地检测物体位置的系统，通过上述系统很大程度上避免了上述缺陷。
该目的可由具有权利要求1的特征的用于检测位置的设备解决。
优选的实施例在从属权利要求中及下文说明书，尤其是联系附图给出。
根据本发明，上述提到的那种用于检测物体位置的设备的特征在于设有至少一个激光器单元，用于产生脉冲激光束，所述脉冲激光束被定向至物体，并适用于在物体表面造成振动，借此物体被激发，来产生超声波信号。
在需要检测位置的物体上直接产生超声波信号可被认为是本发明的基本思路。没有任何电声换能器元件下，物体本身变为超声波发射元件。
其可通过光声效应取得，其中撞击到所述物体表面的激光束的能量被表面的局部区域吸收。
这可导致以下效果中的至少一种，取决于被击中的物体的特性，尤其是其表面。
该局部区域可发热并造成热膨胀，借此产生振动。因此物体发射超声波，该超声波可被超声波传感器探测。
该振动可不被限制在局部区域，甚至可传播至物体的主要部分，这导致了超声波信号的更密集的发射。进一步地，脉冲激光束造成单粒子喷射出表面也是可能的。因此，可产生短小密集的超声波信号。
脉冲激光束的特性可根据物体、物体表面状态、或其他相对于照射时间的情况下作调整，举例来说可以是单一激光脉冲的能量及激光束的脉冲序列的频率。
有利地，没有额外的超声波传输单元是必要的。进一步，避免了如果使用常规超声波传输单元通常会发生的由不同物体反射的回波信号的叠加。
因为换能器单元的发送和接收间没有衰减时间，换能器元件和超声波元件分别只在接收模式下运行，这使得即便是在所述物体的高吞吐量下，物体的位置也可被传送带移动。
该物体可以是任何通常熟知的产品，比如玻璃瓶、金属片、塑料、食品或其他原料类似于纸或纸板。因此，对物体的定位在上述方法中由传输带移动用于即使在所述物体的高吞吐量下也能正确定位的标记设备。
用于产生所述脉冲激光束的至少一个激光器单元未由特定种类的激光类型确定。优选地，可使用气体激光器或固体激光器，尤其分别是二氧化碳或钇铝石榴石激光器(Nd:YAG激光器)。
本发明所述设备的一个示范性实施例中，至少一个激光器单元被设计为产生一个以上激光束，其中所述激光束的光波频率互不相同。举例来说，一个激光器单元可包括准分子激光器，使用惰性气体和活性气体的分别不同组合产生具有不同波长的激光束。任何通常熟知种类的激光器类型可被集成至激光器单元，发射不同频率的光波。这样设置可以使光波的频率适应物体表面的情况，用以改善由光声效应导致而产生的超声波信号。因此，应用可能性相对于使用的物体而增加。
通常，设置一个以上激光器单元是可能的，其中激光器单元分别位于不同位置，产生分别被定向至同一物体的脉冲激光束。激光器单元可直接彼此相对地设置或刚好位于各自分开在不同角度的位置定向激光束至所述物体。激光束可聚焦在所述物体的同一点来加强位于该点的影响。可选地，激光束可在不同点上撞击物体，借此，产生的超声波信号可在多个方向更均匀地被发射出物体，由此可改善所述物体的定位。
本发明进一步涉及一种通过标记单元标记物体的仪器，包括运输设备，用于运输物体，及标记单元，用于标记所述物体，其进一步包括上述的设备。
常规地，运输设备被设计为一传输带，在其上物体相对于标记单元被移动并经过标记单元来被标记。为将所述物体的定位被置于传输带上，还设置一上述用于检测所述物体位置的设备。可使用各种类型的标记单元，例如贴标设备，通过加标签、压印或压纹来标记物体。
该仪器的一个优选实施例中，标记单元被设计用作产生激光束，所述激光束被定向至物体，用于标记。为了产生激光束，可使用所有种类的常规激光器类型，例如气体激光器，尤其是二氧化碳激光器、氩激光器、准分子激光器、固体激光器或光纤激光器。
标记的信号可被设计为一字符、一图片或是图像的单个像素。信号可由若干点或线组成。这可通过使用在短时间内激活来在物体上生成点或在设定时间内造成一定长度的线的气体激光器器付诸实践。
本发明一优选实施例的特征在于设置了一个以上激光器单元，其中第一激光器单元包括标记单元，用于产生激光束，所述激光束被定向至物体，用以标记所述物体，且设置了第二激光器单元，用于产生脉冲激光束，所述脉冲激光束被定向至物体，适用于造成物体表面的振动，借此物体被激发以产生超声波信号。
有利地是，第一和第二激光器单元为不同类型的激光器，其中相比于第一激光器单元的激光束，第二激光器单元能够产生能量更高的激光束。激光器单元互相间的空间布置并未确定。两个激光器单元可彼此分开，其中他们的激光束在物体表面的不同点上击打该物体。
此种方法下，会被标记的表面区域未被从第二激光器单元产生所述超声波信号的脉冲激光束所影响。单束激光束可互相平行对准或是互相间包含各种角度。除了一个以上标记单元可被设置来减少标记的时间，借此通过物体的吞吐量可进一步提高。
本发明仪器另一优选实施例中，至少一个激光器单元可在第一操作模式下运行，该模式下脉冲激光束被产生，所述脉冲激光束被定向至物体，并适用于造成物体表面的振动，借此物体被激发以产生超声波信号，并可在第二操作模式下运行，该模式下物体被由运行在第二操作模式的至少一个激光器单元产生的激光束标记。
本发明的实施例具有优势的是，只需要一方面用于标记物体，另一方面也可产生用于检测所述物体位置的超声波传输信号的一个激光器单元。迄今为止，这简化了配置，也可降低成本。举例来说，在第一操作模式下，激光器单元可产生脉冲激光束，其中激光束通过调Q（Q-switching）被调至具有高峰功率的脉冲。短脉冲激光峰值在造成超声波信号上具有更大的影响，其中粒子可从物体表面喷射出和/或在影响区域提高的温度。相反地，激光器单元可被切换至具有恒定输出的连续波模式，其中物体被在此模式下扫描的激光束标记。
调Q可在活跃的方式下通过机械设备完成，例如快门或调制盘，或机械设备可以是某种形式的调解器，例如声光设备或电光设备，类似于普克尔盒（pockelscell）或卡耳电池（kerr-cell）。同样地，被动调Q也是可能的，其中Q开关（Q-switch）是一个可饱和吸收体，一种当光强超过一定阈值时增加传输的材料。锁模也可用于改变激光器单元操作模式。
本设备可使用所有具有在不同操作模式下操作的常规种类的激光类型，其中产生的激光束可适用于在第一操作模式下标记所述物体，并在第二模式下通过击打所述物体产生超声波信号。
激光器单元的典型应用可以是Q开关激光器，举例来说，钇铝石榴石（Nd:YAG）激光器，其中脉冲激光束的峰值功率远高于它的平均功率。
优选地，设有一调整设备，用于调整由至少一个激光器单元产生的激光束，以定向激光束至物体，其由运输设备基于从计算装置传输至调整设备的移动物体的位置信息移动。激光束可通过移动或旋转激光器单元或通过可被例如振镜扫描仪（galvoscanners）执行的XV-光束偏转被放置。
通过计算装置计算的位置信息可被任何通常熟知的连接器，例如电缆或通过集成在计算装置内的发射器和作为调整设备的部分的响应接收器间的传输电信号或光信号传输。
调整设备必须能够保证由标记单元制造的信号被撞击在物体表面上正确的部分和/或点。调整设备也可被设计为由计算装置产生的超声波信号用于检测位置的脉冲信号的游标调整。
附图说明
图1示出了本发明用于标记物体的仪器15的第一实施例。
具体实施方式
本发明将参照所附的一张附图进一步地描述。
图1示出了本发明用于标记物体的仪器15的第一实施例的示意图，包括标记单元及通过超声波手段用于检测物体位置的设备10。
两个具有气体激光器的激光器单元20,22产生脉冲激光束85，该激光束85被两个振镜扫描仪反射，用以设置需要的光束方向。通过击打所述物体50的表面55，物体优选地可以是玻璃瓶或塑料瓶，所述脉冲激光束85的激光束能量在碰撞点75上造成了强大的局部加热。
这导致了局部振动，其中超声波信号70被发射。信号79可被超声波传感器30检测到，优选地超声波传感器30为换能器单元。接收到的超声波信号70被转换为电信号，并被转移到计算装置40。计算装置40被设计为计算被运输设备例如传送带在箭头8的方向上移动的物体50的位置。
在运输设备64上的所述物体50的计算位置启动设置了由标记单元25发射的激光束80至物体50的表面55的点的方向，该点上已写有标记或标志52。另外，如果需要的话，由激光器单元20,22发射的脉冲激光束85也可被调整。根据移动的物体50的表面55的特性，上述可通过雕刻和打烙印完成。

Claims (8)

1.一种用于标记物体(50)的仪器，包括：
-一标记单元(25)，通过激光束(80)在物体(50)上标记一信号，信号包括字符、图片、图像的单个像素的至少一个，
-一运输设备(64)，用于运输物体(50)，
-一设备(10)，通过超声波检测运输的物体(50)的位置，包含至少一个超声波传感器(30)，用于接收从物体(50)发来的超声波信号(70)，其中
-设有至少一个用于产生脉冲激光束(85)的激光器单元(20,22)，所述脉冲激光束被定向至运输的物体(50)并适用于在物体(50)的表面(55)造成振动，借此产生超声波信号(70)，及
-计算装置(40)，基于接收到的超声波信号(70)，用于计算物体(50)的位置，其中基于所述物体(50)的计算位置用于标记的激光束(80)被定向至所述物体(50)，
其中至少一个激光器单元(20,22)可在第一操作模式下运行，该模式下脉冲激光束(85)被产生，所述脉冲激光束(85)被定向至物体(50)，并适用于造成物体(50)的表面(55)的振动，借此超声波信号(70)被产生，并可在第二操作模式下运行，该模式下物体(50)被由运行在第二操作模式的至少一个激光器单元(20,22)产生的激光束(80)标记。
2.如权利要求1所述的用于标记物体的仪器(15)，其特征在于
至少一个激光器单元(20,22)被设计为产生一个以上激光束，其中所述激光束(80)的光波频率互不相同。
3.如权利要求1所述的用于标记物体的仪器(15)，其特征在于
设有一个以上激光器单元(20,22)，其中激光器单元(20,22)分别位于不同位置，产生分别被定向至同一物体(50)的脉冲激光束(85)。
4.如权利要求1所述的用于标记物体的仪器(15)，其特征在于
设有一个以上激光器单元(20)，其中第一激光器单元(20)设于标记单元，用于产生激光束(80)，所述激光束(80)被定向至物体(50)，用于标记所述物体(50)，及设有第二激光器单元(22)，用于产生脉冲激光束(85)，所述脉冲激光束(85)被定向至物体(50)，适用于造成物体(50)的表面(55)的振动，借此物体(50)被激发以产生超声波信号(70)。
5.如权利要求1所述的用于标记物体的仪器(15)，其特征在于
设有一调整设备，用于调整由至少一个激光器单元(20)产生的激光束(80)，以定向激光束(80)至物体(50)，其由运输设备(64)基于从计算装置(40)传输至调整设备(34)的移动物体(50)的位置信息移动。
6.一种标记物体(50)的方法，其中
-标记物体(50)通过运输设备(64)运输，
-运输的物体(50)的位置通过超声波检测，其中
-至少一个激光器单元(20,22)在第一操作模式下运行，该模式下一脉冲激光束(85)被至少一个激光器单元(20,22)产生，
-所述激光束(85)被定向至运输物体(50)，
-通过脉冲激光束(85)在运输物体(50)的表面(55)造成振动，借此物体(50)被激发以产生超声波信号(70)，
-超声波信号(70)通过至少一个超声波传感器(30)从物体(50)接收，及
-基于接收到的超声波信号(70)，计算标记物体(50)的位置，
-至少一个激光器单元(20,22)在第二操作模式下运行，该模式下物体(50)被由运行在第二操作模式的至少一个激光器单元(20,22)产生的激光束(80)标记。
7.如权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于
-基于所述物体(50)的计算位置，激光束(80)被定向至物体(50)。
8.如权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于
使用如权利要求1至5任一项所述的用于标记物体的标记仪器(15)。
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