CN103771921B - Artificial grass carbon prepared from kosteletzkya virginica straws as well as preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Artificial grass carbon prepared from kosteletzkya virginica straws as well as preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of biology, and particularly relates to artificial grass carbon prepared from kosteletzkya virginica straws as well as a preparation method and an application thereof. The artificial grass carbon prepared from the kosteletzkya virginica straws comprises a kosteletzkya virginica straw self-fermenting product, a Glomus mosseae(Nicol.&Gerd.) microbial agent and furnace slag (the particle diameter is less than or equal to 0.3cm), and the weight ratio of the kosteletzkya virginica straw self-fermenting product to the Glomus mosseae(Nicol.&Gerd.) microbial agent to the furnace slag is 5: 0.05: 1. The preparation method of the artificial grass carbon comprises the steps of fermenting microbial agent preparation, straw pretreatment, straw fermentation and artificial grass carbon preparation. The main nutritive indexes except for humic acid of the artificial grass carbon prepared by using the method are higher than those of a grass carbon matrix. The artificial grass carbon is low in cost, easy to operate and high in yield and can serve as a seedling growing medium or a culture medium to be widely applied to agricultural production.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to biological technical field, be specifically related to a kind of utilize kostelezkya virginica straw to prepare the artificial peat composed of rotten mosses and preparation method and application.
Background technology
Matrix, is also called Nutrition Soil, is a kind ofly between soil and fertilizer, to have certain nutritive ingredient, have a kind of product with soil identity function, balanced because of its rich in nutrition content, is beneficial to the sprouting of seed and the growth of plant.Matrix is divided into seedling medium and cultivation matrix.At present, people are widely used is seedling medium mostly, is (also to claim peat, the vegetation that a kind of quilt partly decomposes with the peat composed of rotten mosses, through several thousand up to ten thousand years develop) be main raw material, be equipped with inorganic mineral and add other suitable seed germinations and plant-growth nutritive element allocate.Because the peat composed of rotten mosses resource of China comparatively lacks, its exploitation is by country's restriction, and cost of winning is comparatively large, therefore causes the price of matrix higher, and its quality of the peat composed of rotten mosses of external import is better than domestic, but due to logistics cost high, its price is domestic more than one times.Matrix is used for nursery many-sided advantage, so expense is very large, present plant husbandry personage is all with substrate seedling.Cultivation matrix is used for plant cultivating, and the usage period is longer, high and lasting to nutritional requirement, and configuration difficulty is larger.The cultivation matrix that general soilless culture uses containing nutrient, does not meet demand of plant growth by nutrient fluid drip irrigation.Along with demand that is nuisanceless, green, organic farm products constantly increases, the demand of organic ecological cultivation matrix will increase gradually.
The artificial peat composed of rotten mosses take agricultural crop straw as raw material, through multiple fermentation become thoroughly decomposed add again some inorganic minerals configuration, belong to Different Stroma.Because stalk contains a large amount of nutrients resources (as N, C, P, K, S, Ca and trace element), be the important organic fertilizer resource of agriculture production, therefore, straw substrate contains all nutritive elements needed for plant-growth.Straw substrate can be made into functional living being fertilizer through connecing bacterium, as potassium decomposing biological organic fertilizer, and phosphorus decomposing biological organic fertilizer etc.
Kostelezkya virginica (Kostelezkya virginica) is the perennial root salt tolerant oil crops that Malvaceae kostelezkya virginica belongs to; integrate medicine and ornamental value; there is the multiple resistances such as salt tolerant, drought-enduring, impoverishment tolerant; can on severe solonchak normal growth solid; have quite high productivity and economic worth, popularization is introduced a fine variety in mass-producing on Coastal beach at home at present.Kostelezkya virginica seed, block root etc. develop as specific Functional tissue and have achieved positive progress, and only stalk is by on-site incineration or discarded.Stalk on-site incineration or the discarded environmental pollution that brings and problem of resource waste have become the focus that regulatory authorities and scientific research personnel pay close attention to.Being Mierocrystalline cellulose and hemicellulose more than 65% in kostelezkya virginica stalk, is very excellent biomass resource, by being widely used in the aspect such as feed, fertilizer after bio-transformation.But the natural structure of kostelezkya virginica stalk is very complicated, and biotransformation efficiency is lower, the difficulty it being directly used as the exploitation of above related products is comparatively large, and cost is higher.Therefore, carrying out effective pre-treatment to kostelezkya virginica stalk is an of paramount importance link during stalk resource utilizes.The pretreatment process of current common stalk has physical treatment process, method of chemical treatment and biological treatment.Physical treatment process is the natural structure utilizing the physical means such as high temperature, ultrasonic wave, microwave can destroy wood fibre to some extent, changes its stability.But physical treatment process needs specific equipment, cost is higher, and treating processes has secondary pollution.Method of chemical treatment utilizes NaOH, H
2o
2, the chemical reagent such as ammoniacal liquor processes stalk material.But chemical treatment can produce very serious secondary pollution.Biological treatment utilizes efficient degradation bacteria to carry out fermentative processing to stalk.Biochemical method cost is lower, does not have secondary pollution, but in biological treatment conventional at present, microorganism used therefor transformation efficiency is lower, and the treatment time is longer, have impact on application and the popularization of biological treatment.The application of biological treatment high mallow stalk fermentation process aspect is by the sea also blank.
Summary of the invention
The present invention needs the problem solved to be utilize kostelezkya virginica straw to prepare artificial peat composed of rotten mosses and preparation method thereof.
The artificial peat composed of rotten mosses utilizing kostelezkya virginica straw to prepare of the present invention is made up of the self-service tunning of kostelezkya virginica stalk, Glomus mosseae (Nicol. & Gerd.) microbial inoculum and slag (particle diameter≤0.3cm), and three's weight percent is 5:0.05:1.
After the present invention utilizes the microbial inoculum of nontoxic pollution-free to carry out pre-treatment to kostelezkya virginica stalk, biological transformation ratio improves more than 6 times, the stalk fermentation thing formed thus, through Inoculation of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and the artificial peat composed of rotten mosses adding inorganic mineral configuration, belongs to Different Stroma.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: the present invention uses multiple commercially available efficient degrading bacteria, as: aspergillus (Aspergillus Micheli), mould (Penicillium expansum), wood mould (Trichoderma koningii) and ink-cap (Coprinus atramentartius) (Coprinus atramentaria) ferment to kostelezkya virginica stalk, and fermented stalk is inoculated a kind of AM microbial inoculum and added inorganic mineral and can form the artificial peat composed of rotten mosses.The microbial inoculum of fermented stalk used herein, mainly comprises the microbial components that weight percentage is following: aspergillus 0.1-0.3 part, mould 0.1-0.3 part, wooden mould 0.2-0.4 part and ink-cap (Coprinus atramentartius) 0.2-0.5 part; The AM microbial inoculum that the present invention inoculates is commercially available Glomus mosseae (Nicol. & Gerd.) microbial inoculum (1285 the spore/20ml in Beijing City Agriculture and Forestry Institute, microbial inoculum numbering BGC JX01), inoculum size is every kg artificial peat composed of rotten mosses 10g AM microbial inoculum; Adding inorganic mineral is slag, and it is 1:5 with the weight ratio of straw fermented product.
Compared with prior art, its beneficial effect is in the present invention:
With natural peat composed of rotten mosses ratio, the artificial peat composed of rotten mosses be made up of kostelezkya virginica stalk is except humic acid is lower than the peat composed of rotten mosses, and other main nutritive indexs are all higher than the natural peat composed of rotten mosses, and wherein P, K content is more than 5 times and 2 times of the natural peat composed of rotten mosses P, K content respectively; Size void ratio is significantly higher than the natural peat composed of rotten mosses, demonstrates superpower permeability (see table 1).In addition, the artificial peat composed of rotten mosses is produced has making equipment less investment, easy manufacture, manufacture craft is simple, easy to operate, raw material resources are abundant easily to be obtained and cheap, production cost is lower, contained nutrients help fully meets the advantage such as economic plants nursery and cultivation needs, therefore, utilizes kostelezkya virginica stalk fermentation to make the artificial peat composed of rotten mosses of high-quality, low cost, environment-friendly type, to substitute the natural peat composed of rotten mosses, can suit measures to local conditions, gather materials on the spot, be feasible, and have very high economic worth and application prospect widely.
The self-service fermenting agent of kostelezkya virginica stalk that the present invention adopts is the mix bacterium agent be made up of multiple-microorganism.Fermented stalk is safety non-toxic, and starter is to the strong adaptability of fermentation condition, and temperature range is wide, and being 15-35 DEG C in external temperature can ferment, and different according to temperature, fermentation time is at 20-50 days.Kostelezkya virginica stalk after fermentation, light stranding and broken, wooden structures is seriously damaged, biological transformation ratio improve 6 times and more than, utilizability can be greatly improved.The Glomus mosseae (Nicol. & Gerd.) that the present invention inoculates be extensively exist in nature solution and can and economic plants form a kind of AM fungi of good symbiotic relationship, remarkable to the improvement effect of economic plants phosphorus nourishing.The artificial peat composed of rotten mosses utilizing kostelezkya virginica straw to prepare of the present invention can be used as seedling medium or cultivation matrix is widely used in agriculture production.
Embodiment
The preparation method of the artificial peat composed of rotten mosses utilizing kostelezkya virginica straw to prepare.
1. the forming process of the self-service tunning of kostelezkya virginica stalk, comprises the steps:
1) preparation of the self-service fermenting agent of stalk: the self-service fermenting agent of kostelezkya virginica stalk is by the following microbial components of weight percentage: aspergillus 0.1-0.3 part, mould 0.1-0.3 part, the mould 0.2-0.4 part of wood and ink-cap (Coprinus atramentartius) 0.2-0.5 part, aspergillus, mould, wood is mould, the inclined-plane strain inoculation such as ink-cap (Coprinus atramentartius) are cultivated in liquid shaking bottle, then the seed liquor in liquid shaking bottle is inoculated in liquid seeds tank and cultivate, finally the seed liquor in liquid seeds tank is inoculated in fermentor tank to cultivate, the laggard row filter press of fermentation ends, solid-liquid separation collects mycelium, by mycelium adsorbent, obtain dry bacterial powder, different strain is mixed in proportion to make the self-service fermenting agent of stalk for subsequent use,
2) stalk pre-treatment: kostelezkya virginica straw powder is broken into the segment that 8-12cm is long, the stalk of pulverizing mixes with a certain amount of synergistic agent, makes content of water in system between 60-70w/w%, and the carbon of system/nitrogen is than being 45-70; Synergistic agent is urea or ammonium sulfate, and usage quantity is 1 – 3w/w%.
3) fermented stalk: by 2) in the complete stalk material and 1 of pre-treatment) the self-service fermenting agent of stalk mixes, the total consumption of self-service fermenting agent is the 6-10w/w% of stalk material weight; The first layer overlay thickness in fermentation place be 30-50cm mixed the stalk material of self-service fermenting agent, then the several bamboo bar of traverse on stockpile, bamboo pole length is consistent with stockpile width, spacing placed by bamboo bar is 0.5m, repave the stalk material that last layer 30-50cm with the addition of self-service fermenting agent successively, covered with plastic film;
4) stalk fermentation: ferment and all taken out by bamboo bar after 7-10 days, pile temperature not higher than 25 DEG C in stalk fermentation process, until terminate fermentation when straw light stranding and broken, color blackening.
2. the preparation of the artificial peat composed of rotten mosses: by the kostelezkya virginica stalk self-service tunning steam sterilization 1h formed in step 1, be cooled to normal temperature, with the slag of Glomus mosseae and Nicol. & Gerd microbial inoculum and fragmentation, particle diameter≤0.3cm, steam sterilization 1h, be cooled to normal temperature mixing, the weight percent of self-service tunning, Glomus mosseae and Nicol. & Gerd. microbial inoculum, slag three is 5:0.05:1.
The artificial peat composed of rotten mosses of table 1 and natural peat composed of rotten mosses major technique compare with performance index
| Project | The artificial peat composed of rotten mosses | The natural peat composed of rotten mosses | Remarks |
| Organic | ≥60% | 50-80% | Dry weight |
| Humic acids | ≥15% | 10-50% | Dry weight |
| N | ≥1.5% | Indefinite | Full nitrogen |
| P | ≥0.5% | Indefinite | P 2O 5 |
| K | ≥0.5% | Indefinite | K 2O |
| Ash content | 10-20% | 5-15% | |
| Water content | ≤20% | ≤30% | |
| pH | 5.0-7.0 | 4.0-7.5 | |
| Specific conductivity | 1.0-2.5ms/cm | 0.8-3.5ms/cm | |
| Unit weight | ≤0.5g/cm 3 | 0.2-0.6g/cm 3 | Unit dry weight |
| Total porosity | ≥40% | ≥40% | |
| Size void ratio | 1.7∶1-1∶1 | 0.52∶1 |
Claims (3)
1. a preparation method for the artificial peat composed of rotten mosses utilizing kostelezkya virginica straw standby, is characterized in that being made up of following steps:
1) preparation of the self-service fermenting agent of stalk: the self-service fermenting agent of kostelezkya virginica stalk is by the following microbial components of weight percentage: 0.1-0.3 part, aspergillus, mould 0.1-0.3 part, wood mould 0.2-0.4 part and ink-cap (Coprinus atramentartius) 0.2-0.5 part, aspergillus, mould, wood is mould, ink-cap (Coprinus atramentartius) slant strains is seeded in liquid shaking bottle cultivates, then the seed liquor in liquid shaking bottle is inoculated in liquid seeds tank and cultivate, finally the seed liquor in liquid seeds tank is inoculated in fermentor tank to cultivate, the laggard row filter press of fermentation ends, solid-liquid separation collects mycelium, by mycelium adsorbent, obtain dry bacterial powder, different strain is mixed in proportion to make the self-service fermenting agent of stalk for subsequent use,
2) stalk pre-treatment: kostelezkya virginica straw powder is broken into the segment that 8-12 cm is long, the stalk of pulverizing mixes with a certain amount of synergistic agent, makes content of water in system between 60-70 w/w %, and the carbon of system/nitrogen is than being 45-70; Synergistic agent is urea or ammonium sulfate, and usage quantity is 1 – 3 w/w %;
3) fermented stalk: by 2) in the complete stalk material and 1 of pre-treatment) the self-service fermenting agent of stalk mixes, the total consumption of self-service fermenting agent is 6-10w/w % of stalk material weight; The first layer overlay thickness in fermentation place be 30-50 cm mixed the stalk material of self-service fermenting agent, then the several bamboo bar of traverse on stockpile, bamboo pole length is consistent with stockpile width, spacing placed by bamboo bar is 0.5 m, repave the stalk material that last layer 30-50 cm with the addition of self-service fermenting agent successively, covered with plastic film;
4) stalk fermentation: ferment and all taken out by bamboo bar after 7-10 days, pile temperature not higher than 25 DEG C in stalk fermentation process, until terminate fermentation when straw light stranding and broken, color blackening;
5) preparation of the artificial peat composed of rotten mosses: by step 4) middle kostelezkya virginica stalk self-service tunning steam sterilization 1 h formed, be cooled to normal temperature, with
glomus mosseaethe slag of (Nicol. & Gerd.) microbial inoculum and fragmentation, particle diameter≤0.3 cm, steam sterilization 1 h, be cooled to normal temperature mixing, self-service tunning,
glomus mosseaethe weight percent of (Nicol. & Gerd.) microbial inoculum, slag three is 5:0.05:1.
2. according to claim 1 the artificial peat composed of rotten mosses prepared of method as the application of seedling medium in agriculture production.
3. according to claim 1 the artificial peat composed of rotten mosses prepared of method as the application of cultivation matrix in agriculture production.
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| CN104973894A (en) * | 2015-06-29 | 2015-10-14 | 镇江兴农有机肥有限公司 | Manufacturing method of non-ground stereo greening organic composite substrate |
| CN105875376B (en) * | 2016-05-05 | 2018-12-14 | 福建省农业科学院亚热带农业研究所 | A method of peat soil is prepared using bluish dogbane bone |
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