CN103770160B - 油棕树干的加工方法以及采用该方法制得的油棕拼板装饰板 - Google Patents

油棕树干的加工方法以及采用该方法制得的油棕拼板装饰板 Download PDF

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CN103770160B
CN103770160B CN201410013506.6A CN201410013506A CN103770160B CN 103770160 B CN103770160 B CN 103770160B CN 201410013506 A CN201410013506 A CN 201410013506A CN 103770160 B CN103770160 B CN 103770160B
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梁兆镛
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FOSHAN GAOMING SHUNGAO WOOD INDUSTRY CO., LTD.
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种油棕树干的加工方法以及采用该方法制得的油棕拼板，所述加工方法包含以下步骤：(1)选材；(2)制材；(3)烘干；(4)施胶；施胶与三防同时处理；(5)加密：加密与热压同时处理；(6)砂光；(7)分检：对砂光后的板材进行分选，挑出不符合质量标准的板材，得到符合要求的棕榈板材。本发明还公开了采用上述的油棕树干的加工方法制得的油棕拼板，其具体结构为：将步骤(7)中制得的棕榈板材的上下表面依次制作无纺布层，真木皮或浸渍纸层，以及三氧化二铝层；其中，无纺布层粘接于棕榈板材表面，真木皮或浸渍纸层热压在无纺布层上方，三氧化二铝层压贴于真木皮或浸渍纸层的表面。

Description

油棕树干的加工方法以及采用该方法制得的油棕拼板装饰板
技术领域
本发明涉及油棕树干的再利用领域，具体应用于将油棕树干加工成实木板材。
背景技术
目前东南亚大量的油棕树干由于对该树种的纤维特殊性造成腐烂在田地里而没有被利用起来，而一向以来很多人都做过尝试都最终失败，由于该树种纵向纤维很长，很强，而横向的组织仅靠一些很松散的粉状结构组成，基本上没有什么结合力，含水分又特别多，造成这个部分首先容易造成霉变、腐烂而剩下一些管束状的纵向纤维，形成不了一块可以实用的板材。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于针对上述现有技术中的不足，提供一种利用油棕树干制造实木板材的方法以及采用该方法制得的油棕拼板装饰板，其能够将油棕树干加工成质量理想的实木板材。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是：油棕树干的加工方法，其特征在于，包含以下步骤：
(1)选材；挑选新鲜、无腐朽、胸径30㎝以上的油棕树干作原材料；
(2)制材；将油棕树干原材锯剖成规格板方材，并进一步加工成相应规格的板材；
(3)烘干；将板方材经全自动干燥窑干燥至含水率在10％以下，养生十五天；
(4)施胶；施胶与三防同时处理，板材经防水、阻燃、防腐材料并加入一定比例粘胶剂，在6.0个大气压的环境下浸泡120分钟，对板材进行改性处理，取出晾干；
(5)加密：加密与热压同时处理，经改性处理后的板材，在150℃～180℃、18MPa的压力下，热压五分钟，达到增强加密的目的；
(6)砂光：加密处理后的半成品，用150#～220#砂带双面砂光，使板面光洁、平滑；
(7)分检：对砂光后的板材进行分选，挑出不符合质量标准的板材，并作返修处理；最终制得符合质量要求的棕榈板材。
作为本发明的一种优选实施方式，还包含包装的步骤，该步骤是将步骤(7)中制得的棕榈板材按规范要求标明产品规格、等级、数量、生产日期，打好包装入库。
作为本发明的一种优选实施方式，上述步骤(1)中，油棕树干的胸径为50cm；所述步骤(3)中将板方材经全自动干燥窑干燥至含水率在5％，养生十五天；所述步骤(4)中板材经防水、阻燃、防腐材料并加入一定比例粘胶剂，在6.0个大气压的环境下浸泡120分钟，对板材进行改性处理，取出晾干；所述步骤(5)中经改性处理后的板材，在170℃、18MPa的压力下，热压五分钟；所述步骤(6)中加密处理后的半成品，用200#砂带双面砂光。
本发明还公开了采用上述的油棕树干的加工方法制得的油棕拼板装饰板，其具体结构为：将步骤(7)中制得的棕榈板材的上下表面依次制作无纺布层，真木皮或浸渍纸层，以及三氧化二铝层；其中，无纺布层粘接于棕榈板材表面，真木皮或浸渍纸层热压在无纺布层上方，三氧化二铝层压贴于真木皮或浸渍纸层的表面。
进一步的是：上述无纺布层的上下表面均涂覆有胶。
本发明的有益效果：
本发明方法中，油棕树干经过干燥后(保持该树的新鲜度不可以腐烂)经过用压力罐注入粘合剂，脲醛胶加防水防腐的物质，经过高温热压使其固化起来，把原来油棕树横向部分的粉状物质变为固体状的有强度和理想性能的物质(如防水、防腐、阻燃等均可)；本发明主要是把粉状的组织变成有理想性能即强度硬度，防水防虫阻燃，防腐等性能都可以在胶粘剂上作调整，加入适量的三聚氰胺就可以有硬度和防水防腐的效果，加入防虫剂就可以防虫，阻燃剂就可以阻燃(用酚醛胶也可以达到理想的效果)；
本发明加工方法通过增加板材的密度，即在热压的过程中增加一定量的压缩比，在20mm厚的基材里压成18mm，密度就可以增大10％，密度加大强度加大，实用性就出来了，就可以生产出理想的家具板材，木线条木材，装饰板材。
通过发明内容中所描述的效果，可以解决目前东南亚国家大量的棕树干腐烂在田头造成生物污染的现象，又可以生产出大量的优质的可用的木线板材、装饰板材、家具板材为人类利用，这是一个大量的变废为宝的好的发明，从而可以减少大量的森林砍伐，增加人类的物质财富；
与此同时，本发明还公开了利用上述加工方法制作的油棕拼板装饰板，该油棕拼板经过加贴无纺布、浸渍纸(木皮)和三氧化二铝等表层物料，使油棕树的拼板的强度大大提高，表面的光洁度、坚硬度也达到理想水平，能够进入家具、装饰等各个领域，是一个理想的实用材料，对解决东南亚大量的油棕树无法利用，而木材资源又日益缺乏的供需矛盾有很大的帮助。
附图说明：
图1为本发明方法的一种具体实施方式的结构示意图；
图2为本发明油棕拼板的结构示意图。
附图标记说明
1-棕榈板材，2-无纺布层，3-真木皮或浸渍纸层，4-三氧化二铝层。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例描述本发明具体实施方式：
图1示出了本发明的具体实施方式，如图1所示，本发明利用油棕树干制造实木板材的方法，包含以下工艺步骤：
1、选材：挑选新鲜、无腐朽、胸径30㎝以上的油棕树干作原材料；
2、制材：将油棕树干原材锯剖成规格板方材，并进一步加工成相应规格的板材；
3、烘干：将板方材经全自动干燥窑干燥至含水率在10％以下，养生十五天；
4、施胶：(三防与施胶同步进行)板材经防水、阻燃、防腐材料并加入一定比例树脂，在6.0个大气压的环境下浸泡120分钟，对板材进行改性处理，取出晾干；
5、加密：(热压与加密同步处理)经改性处理后的板材，在150℃～180℃、18MPa的压力下，热压五分钟，达到增强加密的目的；
6、砂光：加密处理后的半成品，用150#～220#砂带双面砂光，使板面光洁、平滑；
7、分检：对砂光后的板材进行分选，挑出不符合质量标准的板材，并作返修处理；最终制得符合质量要求的棕榈板材。
作为本发明的一种优选实施例，所述步骤(1)中，油棕树干的胸径为50cm，该种规格油棕树干加工后的实用性更强；所述步骤(3)中将板方材经全自动干燥窑干燥至含水率在5％，养生十五天，一般的讲，含水率越低越好，但是考虑到成本，5％的含水率能综合成本以及质量的优势，达到平衡；所述步骤(4)中板材经防水、阻燃、防腐材料并加入一定比例粘胶剂，在6.0个大气压的环境下浸泡120分钟，对板材进行改性处理，取出晾干；所述步骤(5)中经改性处理后的板材，在170℃、18MPa的压力下，热压五分钟；所述步骤(6)中加密处理后的半成品，用200#砂带双面砂光；本实施例所加工出的实木板材，其性能较高，具体的，使得加工后的油棕树干原材料的软组织密度变大变硬，纤维变强，其密度相比加工前的油棕树干原材料至少增大10％。
图2公开了采用上述的油棕树干的加工方法制得的油棕拼板装饰板，其具体结构参考图2：将加工方法中，步骤(7)中制得的棕榈板材的上下表面依次制作无纺布层2，真木皮或浸渍纸层3，以及三氧化二铝层4；其中，无纺布层2粘接于棕榈板材表面，真木皮或浸渍纸层3热压在无纺布层2上方，三氧化二铝层4压贴于真木皮或浸渍纸层3的表面。
上述无纺布层2的上下表面均涂覆有胶。
上面对本发明优选实施方式作了详细说明，但是本发明不限于上述实施方式，在本领域普通技术人员所具备的知识范围内，还可以在不脱离本发明宗旨的前提下做出各种变化。
不脱离本发明的构思和范围可以做出许多其他改变和改型。应当理解，本发明不限于特定的实施方式，本发明的范围由所附权利要求限定。

Claims (5)

1.油棕树干的加工方法，其特征在于，包含以下步骤：
(1)选材；挑选新鲜、无腐朽、胸径30㎝以上的油棕树干作原材料；
(2)制材；将油棕树干原材锯剖成规格板方材，并进一步加工成相应规格的板材；
(3)烘干；将板方材经全自动干燥窑干燥至含水率在10％以下，养生十五天；
(4)施胶；施胶与三防同时处理，板材经防水、阻燃、防腐材料并加入一定比例粘胶剂，在6.0个大气压的环境下浸泡120分钟，对板材进行改性处理，取出晾干；
(5)加密：加密与热压同时处理，经改性处理后的板材，在150℃～180℃、18MPa的压力下，热压五分钟，达到增强加密的目的；
(6)砂光：加密处理后的半成品，用150#～220#砂带双面砂光，使板面光洁、平滑；
(7)分检：对砂光后的板材进行分选，挑出不符合质量标准的板材，并作返修处理；最终制得符合质量要求的棕榈板材。
2.如权利要求1所述的油棕树干的加工方法，其特征在于：所述步骤(4)中使用的粘胶剂为改性后的尿醛胶或酚醛胶。
3.如权利要求1所述的油棕树干的加工方法，其特征在于：还包含包装的步骤，该步骤是将步骤(7)中制得的棕榈板材按规范要求标明产品规格、等级、数量、生产日期，打好包装入库。
4.如权利要求1所述的油棕树干的加工方法，其特征在于：所述步骤(1)中，油棕树干的胸径为50cm；所述步骤(3)中将板方材经全自动干燥窑干燥至含水率在5％，养生十五天；所述步骤(4)中板材经防水、阻燃、防腐材料并加入一定比例粘胶剂，在6.0个大气压的环境下浸泡120分钟，对板材进行改性处理，取出晾干；所述步骤(5)中经改性处理后的板材，在170℃、18MPa的压力下，热压五分钟；所述步骤(6)中加密处理后的半成品，用200#砂带双面砂光。
5.采用权利要求1～4任一所述的油棕树干的加工方法制得的油棕拼板装饰板，其特征在于：将步骤(7)中制得的棕榈板材的上下表面依次制作无纺布层(2)，真木皮或浸渍纸层(3)，以及三氧化二铝层(4)；其中，无纺布层(2)粘接于棕榈板材表面，真木皮或浸渍纸层(3)热压在无纺布层(2)上方，三氧化二铝层(4)压贴于真木皮或浸渍纸层(3)的表面。
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