CN103766291A - Earth element industrial farming method and method for producing organic fertilizer through farming wastes - Google Patents
Earth element industrial farming method and method for producing organic fertilizer through farming wastes Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an earth element industrial farming method and a method for producing an organic fertilizer through farming wastes. According to the farming method, on the basis of ensuring factory farming earth element technical regulations, proper feeding soil and feeding matrix can be selected, and different feeds can be used in different periods. During a farming process, five screen underflows (ootheca, newly hatched nymph, 1 to 2-year-old nymph, 7 to 8-year-old aging nymph and screen underflow screened out from adults) are mixed according to certain volumes, metered and sub-packed, so as to obtain an NY 525-2002 standard organic fertilizer. The feeding soil, the feeding matrix and a special feed which are used in the invention are natural, non-poisonous, pollution-free, and green, adequate protein and energy can be provided for earth elements, and conditions for producing a qualified organic fertilizer are created. A biological organic fertilizer provided by the invention can be used for crops such cotton, wheat, and corn. Not only can soil be improved, but also the fertilizer efficiency is remarkable.
Description
Technical field
The method that the present invention relates to a kind of first industrialized aquaculture method of soil and produce fertilizer with breeding waste, belongs to cultivation and technical field of fertilizers.
Background technology
Soil unit belongs to Arthropoda, Insecta, firefly sickle order, Corydiidae ground, soft-shelled turtle Eimeria.Another name ground beetle, tortoise, dustpan worm, ground beetle, ground bettle, worm etc. stings.Modern Chinese medicine pharmacopeia claims " ground bettle ", cold in nature, has micro-poison.Having become silted up and stopped blooding, swelling and pain relieving, and dredging collateral reason wound, connects the effects such as muscle symplectic bone, is regulating blood condition traumatology key medicine.Cure mainly arthritis, waist leg traumatic injury, closes the diseases such as footpath.Modern medicine proves leukemia, and cancer etc. also have certain curative effect.The Chinese patent drug complete with native first wife reaches kind more than 200.
Soil unit is a kind of important pharmaceutical insects, move in abundant the loosening the soil of darkness, humidity, humus, be afraid of sunlight, hide daytime, activity at night, 28～30 ℃ of optimum temperatures of growth, lower than 0 ℃ or can cause the mortality of adult and nymph higher than 38 ℃, drop to 8 ℃ and just stop action, enter resting stage.
Soil unit completes a generation, need to pass through ovum, nymph and adult three phases.Male worm, from nymph to growing wing, approximately needs 8 months, and female worm is aptery, and maturation approximately needs 9～11 months.Death in 5～7 days after male worm mating.Within after female worm mating one week, can lay eggs, and a mating is laid eggs throughout one's life.
For many years, native unit is mainly from wild seizure, but along with a large amount of uses of agricultural chemicals, chemical fertilizer, and the fast development of the new countryside construction such as rehousing, building construction, hardened ground, and wild soil unit is fewer and feweri.And now traditional family-raise soil unit; more extensive aspect selection feeding soil, raising matrix and feed; technical merit is uneven, and cultivation scale is different, and it is low that culture benefit has height to have; organic matter and the N-P-K content of the rear discarded object producing of common cultivation results soil unit are difficult to reach fertilizer ministry standard; major part is outwelled as rubbish, has both affected environment, causes again the significant wastage of resource; therefore, scale, industrial aquaculture soil unit is imperative.
Summary of the invention
The present invention solves the deficiency that prior art exists, the method that a kind of first industrialized aquaculture method of soil is provided and produces fertilizer with breeding waste, the method, ensureing on the basis of industrial aquaculture soil unit, is produced the fertilizer that reaches NY525-2002 standard, turns waste into wealth, production cost is low, fertilizer efficiency period is long, balanced in nutrition, and utilization rate of fertilizer is high, safety and environmental protection, fertilizer efficiency is remarkable.
Solving this technical problem adopted technical scheme is: a kind of native first industrialized aquaculture method, comprise feeding and management, the feeding and management of adult and the feeding and management of the worm that lays eggs of kind of an ovum hatching, larva (1～11 age), and it is characterized in that,
Described raising matrix is: get the dried poultrymanure that becomes thoroughly decomposed that adds its volume 20～30% after top layer vegetable garden soil is smashed, after sterilizing and sieve, make feeding soil (humidity is water content 15～20%) through being exposed to the sun; Get above-mentioned feeding soil and add dry sawdust (by volume meter, feeding soil: dry sawdust=3:7), after tanning by the sun sterilization, sieving, adding concentration is that 0.5% salt solution mixes, and the humidity that makes to raise matrix is water content 40 ± 2%.
The feed in described each stage is as follows:
(1) 1 nymph feed in age (weight ratio): wheat bran 30～50%, rice bran 30～50%, bone meal 3～6%, green vegetables 8～12%, pumpkin 3～5%, milk powder 4～6%, dusty yeast 0.8～1.2%;
(2) 2～3 nymph feeds in age (weight ratio): corn flour 8～12%, wheat bran 10～30%, rice bran 8～12%, soya-bean cake 4～6%, bone meal 6～10%, green vegetables 8～12%, pumpkin 8～12%, dusty yeast 1.8～2.2%, milk powder 4～6%, dried poultrymanure 20～40% becomes thoroughly decomposed;
(3) 4～6 nymph feeds in age (weight ratio): corn flour 10～30%, wheat bran 10～30%, rice bran 14～16%, soya-bean cake 8～12%, bone meal 2～4%, green vegetables 10～30%, pumpkin 8～12%, analysis for soybean powder 4～6%, dusty yeast 1.8～2.2%;
(4) 7～9 nymph feeds in age (weight ratio): corn flour 10～30%, wheat bran 20～40%, rice bran 8～12%, soya-bean cake 4～6%, bone meal 10～14%, green vegetables 10～30%, analysis for soybean powder 4～6%, dusty yeast 2～4%;
(5) 10～11 nymph feeds in age (weight ratio): corn flour 10～30%, wheat bran 20～40%, rice bran 8～12%, soya-bean cake 4～6%, fish meal 10～14%, green vegetables 10～30%, analysis for soybean powder 4～6%, dusty yeast 2～4%;
(6) adult forage (weight ratio) of laying eggs: corn flour 8～12%, wheat bran 10～30%, rice bran 16～20%, soya-bean cake 10～20%, fish meal 10～14%, green vegetables 10～20%, bone meal 4～6%, analysis for soybean powder 4～6%, dusty yeast 2～4%;
Remarks: green vegetables, pumpkin are respectively fresh green vegetables, pumpkin and admix after being ground into smalls; Soya-bean cake needs abrasive dust.
Its concrete cultivation step is as follows:
(1) plant ovum hatching
On hatching bed, place kind of an ovum, admix raising matrix; 25～30 ℃ of incubation temperatures; Hatch and have a large amount of larvas to pip after 35～40 days, at this moment can sift out nymph; Kind ovum after sieve is mixed raising matrix again, and the larva of sifting out is placed on cultivation in the pond of the thick raising matrix of 10cm;
(2) feeding and management of larva (1～11 age)
Select above-mentioned different formulations feed the different length of time; Temperature should remain on 25～32 ℃; Raise 16～20 centimetres of stromal thicknesses;
(3) feeding and management of adult
Feed, without specific (special) requirements, is raised matrix 20～26 cm thicks, 18～35 ℃ of temperature, humidity 75～80%;
(4) the lay eggs feeding and management of worm
It is 12～15 centimetres that the worm that lays eggs requires to raise stromal thickness; Raise temperature in pond and remain on 25 ± 2 ℃, raising soil humidity is 60%～70%.
Remarks: if humidity is inadequate, the available sprayer humidification without pesticide pollution, requires as on a small quantity repeatedly.
In common breeding process, to change 5 times and raise matrix, be respectively ootheca (or plant ovum), just incubate nymph, 1～2 age nymph, 7～8 ages aged nymph and adult stage.Wherein,
(1) lay eggs after worm lays eggs, 6 mesh sieves sieves are got kind of an ovum, plant ovum and mix new raising matrix and continue hatching; Screenings is that the useless raising matrix that contains worm excrement is used as fertilizer;
(2) 17 mesh sieves sieves are got just and are incubated nymph, screen out flour mite, just incubate the raising matrix that nymph more renews and continue to raise, screenings be contain worm excrement useless raising matrix as fertilizer;
(3) 12 mesh sieves separation nymphs in 1～2 age, the raising matrix more renewing continues to raise, and screenings is that the useless raising matrix that contains worm excrement is used as fertilizer;
(4) 4 mesh sieve sieves are got aged nymph in 7～8 ages, and the raising matrix more renewing continues to raise, and screenings is that the useless raising matrix that contains worm excrement is used as fertilizer;
(5) 2 mesh sieve sieves are got adult, after adult boiling water kills, dry and are traditional Chinese medicine; Screenings is that the useless raising matrix that contains worm excrement is used as fertilizer.
Change while raising matrix, will discard and raise after matrix complete liquidation, by the raising matrix again more renewing after 1% disinfecting solution of potassium permanganate, the discarded raising matrix that contains worm excrement after cleaning screening can be used as the raw material of fertilizer.
By above-mentioned five kinds of screenings (raise ootheca, just incubate nymph, 1～2 age nymph, 7～8 ages aged nymph and adult after the useless raising matrix that contains worm excrement of sifting out) 1:1.2:1.8:2:1 by volume, mix, metering, distributing, packaging, obtain fertilizer.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
(1) the invention provides a kind of first method of industrial aquaculture soil.
(2) the present invention uses feeding soil, raising matrix and special feed, natural, nontoxic, pollution-free, nuisanceless, and can provide enough protein and energy for native unit, create condition for producing qualified fertilizer.
(3) biological organic fertilizer that this method is produced, can be used for cotton, wheat, seeding corn and other crops.Not only improve soil but also fertilizer efficiency is remarkable.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
1, the preparation of feeding soil
Select moistening softly, containing the more vegetable garden soil of humus, preferably fetch earth winter, the Shi Kexian that fetches earth opens soil layer to smash, and adds 20～30% dried poultrymanures that become thoroughly decomposed, and under the sun, tans by the sun sterilization, then screens out soil block and foreign material with the sieve of 8 mesh sieve eyes.In the humidity soil of feeding soil, water content is generally more suitable with 15～20%, pH7～8.
2, raise the preparation of matrix
Above-mentioned 30% feeding soil adds 70% dry sawdust, under the sun, tans by the sun sterilization, then screens out soil block and foreign material with the sieve of 6 mesh sieve eyes.Add 0.5% salt solution to mix, in the humidity soil of the raising matrix of preparation, water content is generally more suitable with 40 ± 2%.
3, feed
Demand according to soil unit to protein, fat, carbohydrate, vitamin, mineral matter and water 6 large nutriments, we,, according to the first different growth stage of industrial aquaculture soil, filter out following formula:
(1) 1 nymph feed formula in age (weight ratio): wheat bran 40%, rice bran 40%, bone meal 5%, green vegetables 10%, pumpkin 4%, milk powder 5%, dusty yeast 1%;
(2) 2～3 nymph feed formulas in age (weight ratio): corn flour 10%, wheat bran 20%, rice bran 10%, soya-bean cake 5%, bone meal 8%, green vegetables 10%, pumpkin 10%, dusty yeast 2%, milk powder 5%, dried poultrymanure 30% becomes thoroughly decomposed;
(3) 4～6 nymph feed formulas in age (weight ratio): corn flour 20%, wheat bran 20%, rice bran 15%, soya-bean cake 10%, bone meal 3%, green vegetables 20%, pumpkin 10%, analysis for soybean powder 5%, dusty yeast 2%;
(4) 7～9 nymph feed formulas in age (weight ratio): corn flour 20%, wheat bran 30%, rice bran 10%, soya-bean cake 5%, bone meal 12%, green vegetables 20%, analysis for soybean powder 5%, dusty yeast 3%;
(5) 10～11 nymph feed formulas in age (weight ratio): corn flour 20%, wheat bran 30%, rice bran 10%, soya-bean cake 5%, fish meal 12%, green vegetables 20%, analysis for soybean powder 5%, dusty yeast 3%;
(6) the adult forage formula (weight ratio) of laying eggs: corn flour 10%, wheat bran 20%, rice bran 18%, soya-bean cake 15%, fish meal 12%, green vegetables 15%, bone meal 5%, analysis for soybean powder 5%, dusty yeast 3%.
Remarks: green vegetables, pumpkin are respectively fresh green vegetables, pumpkin and admix after being ground into smalls; Soya-bean cake needs abrasive dust.
4, cultivation
(1) plant ovum hatching
Be that native unit lays eggs and breeds offspring's best period spring.Every square metre of hatching bed is placed 4 kilograms of kind ovum, admixes the raising matrix that accounts for kind of egg volume 1/2, and the humidity of raising matrix remains on 40%(, and to require hand to grab agglomerating, freely lands broken).Raise matrix and connect thick 7～10 centimetres of chalaza soil.Raising matrix should prepare in advance, places preheating in hatching house, and the temperature difference can not exceed 5 ℃.During incubation, temperature should remain on 25～30 ℃ (incubation temperature is take 28 ℃ as good).Plant ovum 2～3 time with handspring is moving every day, and while stirring, action wants light, the native first pieces of an egg of avoiding damaging.Hatch and have a large amount of larvas to pip after 35～40 days, at this moment can sift out larva (with 4 mesh sieve).Kind ovum after sieve is mixed raising matrix again, and the larva of sifting out can be placed on 10 cm thicks and raise cultivation in the pond of matrix, every 1 larva of 2 days sieves.
(2) feeding and management of larva (1～11 age)
Larva goes out after shell has been sloughed off the 1st skin (about about 10 days) to start food.Select the different formulations feed of enumerating in above-mentioned 3 the different length of time.When feeding, as long as feed is sprinkling upon and raises pool surface, temperature should remain between 25～32 ℃.Raise 16～20 centimetres of stromal thicknesses.
(3) feeding and management of adult
Adult Comparison of Management is extensive, and feed also has no special requirements, as long as it is just passable to have enough.Raise matrix 20～26 cm thicks, 18～35 ℃ of temperature, humidity 75～80%.
(4) the lay eggs feeding and management of worm
It is 12～15 centimetres that the worm that lays eggs requires to raise matrix, Feed selection 3(6) formula.Feeding amount is just passable as long as almost do not have feed to stay at the first pool surface of soil to the 2nd day morning.Raise temperature in pond and remain on 25 ± 2 ℃, raising soil humidity is 60%～70%.If humidity is inadequate, the available sprayer humidification without pesticide pollution, requires as on a small quantity repeatedly.
5, points for attention
(1) emasculation impurity elimination: male worm is more, affects cultured output.After emasculation suitable time was 6 ages, large, healthy and strong, the pure male worm of selecting and remain, retaining ratio is total amount 15%.
(2) stepping cultivation: 1～3 age, cultivation density 7～90,000; 4～6 ages, cultivation density 4～60,000; 7～9 ages, cultivation density 1～20,000; More than 10 ages, cultivation density 0.5～0.8 ten thousand; Plant worm cultivation density not higher than 0.4 ten thousand.
(3) extermination of disease and insect pest: the natural enemy of soil unit is ant, spider, centipede, yellow weasel, snake, mouse, cat, rabbit, chicken, duck etc., seals solution by cultivating workshop; Common Diseases is mould, bulky belly etc., solves by adding 0.1～0.2% terramycin+aluzyme in cultivating workshop 1～2% formalin sterilization, ventilation wet down, feed; Common insect pest is acarid, with the bran frying, bean powder, bone meal, the induction of fish piece, concentrates cleaning; Or spray with 400 times, the rich pulvis of 20% 3 chlorbenside; Or change and raise matrix solution.
6, native unit separates with fertilizer
In common breeding process, to change 5 times and raise matrix, be respectively ootheca (or plant ovum), just incubate nymph, 1～2 age nymph, 7～8 ages aged nymph and adult stage.Wherein,
(1) lay eggs after worm lays eggs, 6 mesh sieves sieves are got kind of an ovum, plant ovum and mix new raising matrix and continue hatching; Screenings is that the useless raising matrix that contains worm excrement is used as fertilizer;
(2) 17 mesh sieves sieves are got just and are incubated nymph, screen out flour mite, just incubate the raising matrix that nymph more renews and continue to raise, screenings be contain worm excrement useless raising matrix as fertilizer;
(3) 12 mesh sieves separation nymphs in 1～2 age, the raising matrix more renewing continues to raise, and screenings is that the useless raising matrix that contains worm excrement is used as fertilizer;
(4) 4 mesh sieve sieves are got aged nymph in 7～8 ages, and the raising matrix more renewing continues to raise, and screenings is that the useless raising matrix that contains worm excrement is used as fertilizer;
(5) 2 mesh sieve sieves are got adult, after adult boiling water kills, dry and are traditional Chinese medicine; Screenings is that the useless raising matrix that contains worm excrement is used as fertilizer.
Change while raising matrix, from hatching bed, after complete liquidation, by the raising matrix again more renewing after 1% disinfecting solution of potassium permanganate, the discarded raising matrix that contains worm excrement after cleaning screening can be used as the raw material of fertilizer.Factory farming sieve specification is 45cm × 45cm × 8cm.
By above-mentioned five kinds of screenings (raise ootheca, just incubate nymph, 1～2 age nymph, 7～8 ages aged nymph and adult after the useless raising matrix that contains worm excrement of sifting out) 1:1.2:1.8:2:1 by volume, mixing, metering, distributing, packaging, produce qualified fertilizer, leading indicator is organic matter 31.6%, full nitrogen 1.90%, full phosphorus 0.72%, full potassium 0.94%, moisture 14.5%, pH8.0, reaches NY525-2002 standard completely.
The type testing situation of above-mentioned fertilizer is:
1, cotton test:
In Linqing experiment station of Shandong Cotton Research Center, grind No. 28 as test kind take existing kind Shandong cotton, 2800 plants/acre of planting densities, execute 150 kilograms of this biological organic fertilizers as processing take every mu of base, take organic fertilizer not as contrast, in triplicate, (mu base is executed 30 kilograms, urea in other fertilising, two 30 kilograms of ammoniums, impose 15 kilograms, urea) identical with control measures, result of the test is respectively cotton seed ginnings and is respectively 301.0 kgs/acre, 284.0 kgs/acre and 279.0 kgs/acre, lint yield is respectively 113.1 kgs/acre, 105.5 kgs/acre and 103.9 kgs/acre, respectively than contrast volume increase 12.0%, 11.2% and 11.1%.
2, wheat test:
In experimental plot, academy of agricultural sciences of Shandong Province, take existing kind Jimai 22 as test kind, 9 kgs/acre of seeding quantitys.Execute 150 kilograms of this biological organic fertilizers as processing take every mu of base, take organic fertilizer not as contrast, in triplicate, other fertilising (mu base is executed 30 kilograms, urea, 30 kilograms of two ammoniums, imposed 15 kilograms, urea) is identical with control measures, result of the test is that wheat mu average yield is 635.4 kilograms, than contrast volume increase 36.2%.
3: corn test:
The Liu Ji village, blue or green Gu market town in Cao County, Shandong Province, take existing kind Zheng Dan 958 as check variety, 5000 plants/acre of planting densities.Execute 150 kilograms of this biological organic fertilizers as processing take every mu of base, take organic fertilizer not as contrast, in triplicate, other fertilising (mu base is executed 40 kilograms, urea, 20 kilograms of two ammoniums, imposed 20 kilograms, urea) is identical with control measures, result of the test is that wheat mu average yield is 763.5 kilograms, than contrast volume increase 26.3%.
Claims (5)
1. the first industrialized aquaculture method of soil, comprise the hatching of kind of ovum, 1～11 age nymph feeding and management, the feeding and management of adult and the feeding and management of the worm that lays eggs, it is characterized in that,
Described raising matrix is: get the dried poultrymanure that becomes thoroughly decomposed that adds its volume 20～30% after top layer vegetable garden soil is smashed, after sterilizing and sieve, make feeding soil through being exposed to the sun; Get above-mentioned feeding soil and add dry sawdust, after tanning by the sun sterilization and sieving, adding concentration is that 0.5% saline solution mixes, and the humidity that makes to raise matrix is water content 40 ± 2%: described meter by volume, feeding soil: dry sawdust=3:7;
The feed in described each stage is as follows:
(1) 1 age nymph feed component and weight ratio thereof be: wheat bran 30～50%, rice bran 30～50%, bone meal 3～6%, green vegetables 8～12%, pumpkin 3～5%, milk powder 4～6%, dusty yeast 0.8～1.2%;
(2) 2～3 age nymph feed component and weight ratio thereof be: corn flour 8～12%, wheat bran 10～30%, rice bran 8～12%, soya-bean cake 4～6%, bone meal 6～10%, green vegetables 8～12%, pumpkin 8～12%, dusty yeast 1.8～2.2%, milk powder 4～6%, dried poultrymanure 20～40% becomes thoroughly decomposed;
(3) 4～6 age nymph feed component and weight ratio thereof be: corn flour 10～30%, wheat bran 10～30%, rice bran 14～16%, soya-bean cake 8～12%, bone meal 2～4%, green vegetables 10～30%, pumpkin 8～12%, analysis for soybean powder 4～6%, dusty yeast 1.8～2.2%;
(4) 7～9 age nymph feed component and weight ratio thereof be: corn flour 10～30%, wheat bran 20～40%, rice bran 8～12%, soya-bean cake 4～6%, bone meal 10～14%, green vegetables 10～30%, analysis for soybean powder 4～6%, dusty yeast 2～4%;
(5) 10～11 age nymph feed component and weight ratio thereof be: corn flour 10～30%, wheat bran 20～40%, rice bran 8～12%, soya-bean cake 4～6%, fish meal 10～14%, green vegetables 10～30%, analysis for soybean powder 4～6%, dusty yeast 2～4%;
(6) lay eggs component and the weight ratio thereof of adult forage is: corn flour 8～12%, wheat bran 10～30%, rice bran 16～20%, soya-bean cake 10～20%, fish meal 10～14%, green vegetables 10～20%, bone meal 4～6%, analysis for soybean powder 4～6%, dusty yeast 2～4%.
2. the native first industrialized aquaculture method of one as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the humidity of described feeding soil is water content 15～20%.
3. the native first industrialized aquaculture method of one as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described cultural method comprises the following steps:
(1) plant ovum hatching
On hatching bed, place kind of an ovum, admix raising matrix; 25～30 ℃ of incubation temperatures; Hatch and have a large amount of larvas to pip after 35～40 days, at this moment can sift out nymph; Kind ovum after sieve is mixed raising matrix again, and the larva of sifting out is placed on cultivation in the pond of the thick raising matrix of 10cm;
(2) feeding and management in 1～11 age of larva
The different different formulations feeds of selecting claim 1 length of time; Temperature should remain on 25～32 ℃; Raise 16～20 centimetres of stromal thicknesses;
(3) feeding and management of adult
Raise matrix 20～26 cm thicks, 18～35 ℃ of temperature, humidity 75～80%;
(4) the lay eggs feeding and management of worm
Raising stromal thickness is 12～15 centimetres; Raise temperature in pond and remain on 25 ± 2 ℃, raising soil humidity is 60%～70%.
4. the first industrialized aquaculture method of the soil of the one as described in any one in claim 1-3, is characterized in that, will change 5 times and raise matrix in described breeding process, is respectively;
(1) lay eggs after worm lays eggs, 6 mesh sieves sieves are got kind of an ovum, plant ovum and mix new raising matrix hatching; Screenings is the useless raising matrix that contains worm excrement;
(2) 17 mesh sieves sieves are incubated nymph at the beginning of getting, are screened out flour mite, just incubate the raising matrix continuation raising that nymph more renews, and screenings is the useless raising matrix that contains worm excrement;
(3) 12 mesh sieves separation nymphs in 1～2 age, the raising matrix more renewing continues to raise, and screenings is the useless raising matrix that contains worm excrement;
(4) 4 mesh sieve sieves are got aged nymph in 7～8 ages, and the raising matrix more renewing continues to raise, and screenings is the useless raising matrix that contains worm excrement;
(5) 2 mesh sieve sieves are got adult, after adult boiling water kills and dries, are traditional Chinese medicine; Screenings is the useless raising matrix that contains worm excrement.
5. a method of producing fertilizer with the first breeding waste of soil, is characterized in that, by five kinds of screenings claimed in claim 4 1:1.2:1.8:2:1 mixing by volume, metering, distributing, packaging, obtains fertilizer.
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