CN103724591B - 生物可降解热塑性聚氨酯弹性体的制备方法 - Google Patents

生物可降解热塑性聚氨酯弹性体的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN103724591B
CN103724591B CN201310661179.0A CN201310661179A CN103724591B CN 103724591 B CN103724591 B CN 103724591B CN 201310661179 A CN201310661179 A CN 201310661179A CN 103724591 B CN103724591 B CN 103724591B
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glycol
biodegradable thermoplastic
chainextender
elastic body
polyatomic alcohol
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CN103724591A (zh
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陈淑海
李健
陈海良
高振胜
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Shandong Inov Polyurethane Co Ltd
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    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08GMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/28Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
    • C08G18/65Low-molecular-weight compounds having active hydrogen with high-molecular-weight compounds having active hydrogen
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    • C08G18/00Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/28Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
    • C08G18/40High-molecular-weight compounds
    • C08G18/42Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain
    • C08G18/4236Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain containing only aliphatic groups
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    • C08G18/00Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
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    • C08G18/4266Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain prepared from hydroxycarboxylic acids and/or lactones
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Abstract

本发明属于化工合成技术领域,具体涉及一种生物可降解热塑性聚氨酯弹性体的制备方法。本发明采用简单的一步法,以聚合物多元醇、二异氰酸酯和扩链剂合成了生物可降解热塑性聚氨酯弹性体。所合成的弹性体保持了优良的机械性能、耐磨性、耐油和高强度、高模量等性能,其突出的特点是在一定时间或适当的自然环境条件下可实现生物自降解,降解产物为小分子化合物,无毒害、无污染,可有效避免废弃物料对环境的污染。该方法能够克服传统脂肪族聚酯型TPU降解周期长及聚己内酯型TPU高成本的缺点,在诸多领域已得到了广泛使用。

Description

生物可降解热塑性聚氨酯弹性体的制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于化工合成技术领域,具体涉及一种生物可降解热塑性聚氨酯弹性体的制备方法。
背景技术
随着塑料产量的迅速增长,废弃塑料的后处理及造成的环境污染越来越受到各国的关注。塑料垃圾造成的原材料浪费和环境污染已成为全球性的问题。开发降解塑料是解决塑料污染的一个有效途径。
热塑型聚氨酯弹性体(TPU)是一类加热可以塑化、溶剂可以溶解的聚氨酯材料,因其同时具有橡胶的弹性和塑料的可加工性,被广泛应用于诸多领域。聚酯型聚氨酯弹性体不但具有优良的机械性能,高强度、高伸长和高弹性,耐磨、耐油、耐老化性好,其最突出的优点在于聚酯型TPU在适当的自然环境条件下能够被微生物完全分解成低分子化合物,降解产物无毒、无污染。生物可降解TPU极大的改善了传统高分子材料在使用后无法自然分解而产生大量废弃物的缺陷,能从根本上解决废弃物造成的环境污染问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种生物可降解热塑性聚氨酯弹性体的制备方法,克服传统脂肪族聚酯型TPU降解周期长及聚己内酯型TPU高成本的缺点,解决废弃TPU对环境造成的二次污染。
本发明所述的生物可降解热塑性聚氨酯弹性体的制备方法,步骤如下:
以重量百分比计,将聚合物多元醇50-75%加入反应釜中,在搅拌下将温度加热到100-120℃,在﹣0.085-﹣0.1MPa脱水1-3h,然后将温度降至70-90℃,搅拌下加入扩链剂4-12%,混合均匀后,加入二异氰酸酯21-38%,异氰酸酯指数为0.97-1.03,上述物料搅拌均匀后,注入模具中压制成热塑性聚氨酯弹性体的薄片,100-120℃硫化2-4h,然后在80-100℃硫化6-10h,室温下放置4-8天。
所述的聚合物多元醇是聚己二酸乙二醇酯二醇(PEA)、聚己二酸丁二醇酯二醇(PBA)、聚己二酸己二醇酯二醇(PHA)或聚己内酯二元醇(PCL)中的一种或几种。
所述的聚合物多元醇分子量是1000-2000。
所述的二异氰酸酯是对苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯。
所述的扩链剂是2-10个碳原子的小分子二醇。
所述的扩链剂是乙二醇(EG)、1,2-丙二醇(PG)、1,4-丁二醇(BG)或一缩二乙二醇(DEG)中的一种或几种。
本发明与现有技术相比,具有如下有益效果:
本发明采用简单的一步法,以聚合物多元醇、二异氰酸酯和扩链剂合成了生物可降解热塑性聚氨酯弹性体。所合成的弹性体保持了优良的机械性能、耐磨性、耐油和高强度、高模量等性能,其突出的特点是在一定时间或适当的自然环境条件下可实现生物自降解,降解产物为小分子化合物,无毒害、无污染,可有效避免废弃物料对环境的污染。该方法能够克服传统脂肪族聚酯型TPU降解周期长及聚己内酯型TPU高成本的缺点,在诸多领域已得到了广泛使用。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本发明做进一步描述。
实施例1
生物可降解热塑性聚氨酯弹性体的制备:按照重量计量,聚己二酸丁二醇酯二醇(PBA2000,M=2000):240g,聚己内酯二醇(PCL2000):60g、二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI):87.2g,1,4-丁二醇(BDO):18.2g,异氰酸酯指数r0=0.99。将PBA2000在110℃脱水2h,然后将温度降至80℃,加入BDO,混合均匀后加入MDI混合搅拌15s,注入模具中,在100℃平板硫化机中压制成1mm的TPU薄片,保持100℃硫化4h,然后放入鼓风烘箱中在80℃硫化8h。将制得的TPU薄片埋入污泥中,深度15cm左右,环境温度25℃。3个月后取出测试重量损失并观察薄片外观,以薄片失重率表示降解程度。结果见表1。
实施例2
按照实施例1的制备方法。
生物可降解热塑性聚氨酯弹性体的制备:按照重量计量,PBA2000:240g、PCL2000:60g、MDI:128.4g、BDO:33.2g。
TPU土埋抗微生物性能结果见表1。
实施例3
按照实施例1的制备方法。
生物可降解热塑性聚氨酯弹性体的制备:按照重量计量,PBA2000:240g、PCL2000:60g、MDI:189.9g、BDO:55.6g。
TPU土埋抗微生物性能结果见表1。
对比例1
一次性难降解白色聚苯乙烯餐盒。TPU土埋抗微生物性能结果见表1。
表1TPU土埋抗微生物性能比较

Claims (1)

1.一种生物可降解热塑性聚氨酯弹性体的制备方法,其特征在于步骤如下:
以重量百分比计,将聚合物多元醇50-75%加入反应釜中,在搅拌下将温度加热到100-120℃,在﹣0.085-﹣0.1MPa脱水1-3h,然后将温度降至70-90℃,搅拌下加入扩链剂4-12%,混合均匀后,加入二异氰酸酯21-38%,异氰酸酯指数为0.97-1.03,上述物料搅拌均匀后,注入模具中压制成热塑性聚氨酯弹性体的薄片,100-120℃硫化2-4h,然后在80-100℃硫化6-10h,室温下放置4-8天;
所述的聚合物多元醇是聚己二酸乙二醇酯二醇、聚己二酸丁二醇酯二醇、聚己二酸己二醇酯二醇或聚己内酯二元醇中的一种或几种;
所述的聚合物多元醇分子量是1000-2000;
所述的二异氰酸酯是二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯;
所述的扩链剂是2-10个碳原子的小分子二醇;
所述的扩链剂是乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、1,4-丁二醇或一缩二乙二醇中的一种或几种。
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CN105104036B (zh) * 2015-07-22 2017-11-17 苏州市雄林新材料科技有限公司 一种降解时间可控的tpu薄膜及其制备方法
CN105482058B (zh) * 2015-12-31 2018-09-21 山东一诺威聚氨酯股份有限公司 可生物降解的聚氨酯弹性体及其制备方法
CN106220818B (zh) * 2016-08-12 2018-11-13 大连中海达科技有限公司 一种高温、低压变密封专用tpu工业合成技术
CN107325257A (zh) * 2017-08-15 2017-11-07 滁州市玉林聚氨酯有限公司 一种热塑性聚氨酯弹性体的制备方法
CN108641345B (zh) * 2018-05-11 2021-01-19 美瑞新材料股份有限公司 一种具有交联结构的tpu薄膜及其制备方法
CN108559058A (zh) * 2018-05-11 2018-09-21 美瑞新材料股份有限公司 一种高透明热塑性聚氨酯弹性体及其制备方法
CN109591423B (zh) * 2018-11-28 2020-12-11 东莞市悠悠美居家居制造有限公司 一种可降解tpu发泡层贴棉台布
CN110627990A (zh) * 2019-09-25 2019-12-31 九江智达环能科技有限公司 一种可降解液态交联型封堵材料及其制备方法和应用
CN110922559A (zh) * 2019-12-12 2020-03-27 山东一诺威聚氨酯股份有限公司 可降解医用级薄膜用热塑性聚氨酯弹性体材料及其制备方法
CN112409561B (zh) * 2020-11-16 2022-03-08 中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所 一种自愈合抗老化可控降解型聚氨酯及其制备方法与应用
CN113501923A (zh) * 2021-07-27 2021-10-15 东莞市米儿塑胶原料有限公司 可降解非离子型tpu的制备方法

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