CN103666507A - Internally heated coal carbonization furnace, internally heated coal carbonization system and coal carbonization technical method - Google Patents
Internally heated coal carbonization furnace, internally heated coal carbonization system and coal carbonization technical method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103666507A CN103666507A CN201310687796.8A CN201310687796A CN103666507A CN 103666507 A CN103666507 A CN 103666507A CN 201310687796 A CN201310687796 A CN 201310687796A CN 103666507 A CN103666507 A CN 103666507A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B3/00—Coke ovens with vertical chambers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B49/00—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated
- C10B49/02—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with hot gases or vapours, e.g. hot gases obtained by partial combustion of the charge
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
- C10B53/04—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of powdered coal
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Abstract
The invention relates to coal carbonization equipment and technology, and particularly relates to an internally heated coal carbonization furnace, an internally heated coal carbonization system and a coal carbonization technical method. The internally heated coal carbonization furnace comprises a furnace body, wherein a plurality of carbonization chambers are arranged in the furnace body side by side; high-temperature oxygen deficiency flue gas produced from a high-temperature oxygen deficiency flue gas generating device is directly fed to all the carbonization chambers through a vertical flue, so that the coal in the carbonization chambers is in direct contact with the high-temperature oxygen deficiency flue gas to perform coal carbonization. Walls on left and right sides of the carbonization chambers are flue gas permeability walls, and flue gas holes are formed in the wall bodies, so that the high-temperature oxygen deficiency flue gas can freely enter the carbonization chambers from the vertical flue. The internally heated coal carbonization furnace, the internally heated coal carbonization system and the coal carbonization technical method have the advantages that the efficiency is high, the energy consumption is low, the contamination factor is small, the maximization of coal carbonization efficiency is realized, the energy consumption is reduced, and the coking time is shortened.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to dry distillation of coal equipment and technique, is a kind of internally heated coal carbonization furnace, internally heated coal carbonization system and coal carbonization technology method specifically.Coal carbonization furnace is also called pit kiln or charring furnace.
Background technology
The dry distillation of coal (being coal tar), refers to that coal (coal) is heated and produces the process that pyrolysis generates coal gas, tar, crude benzol and coke under the condition of isolated air.Coal coking technology started from for 18th century for industrial production on a large scale, in order to produce the required coke of ironmaking.
Combustioncharacteristics in view of coal itself, coal tarization need to the isolated condition of air under complete, to avoid airborne oxygen directly to contact and produce burning or oxidizing reaction with red-hot coal in coking, reach by coal high-efficiency rate be converted into the object of coke.Through long-term, constantly improve, in modern coal coking, the main fuel that heating adopts is the Process Gas such as the low heat value such as blast furnace gas and coal gas of converter.
The type of heating that coal carbonization technology adopts according to it, generally can be divided into external-heat and internal heat type.In addition, according to the height of the heated outlet temperature of coal (dry distillation of coal temperature), coal carbonization technology generally can be divided into low-temperature pyrolysis (500 ℃～600 ℃), medium temperature carbonization (700 ℃～900 ℃) and high temperature carbonization (900 ℃～1100 ℃).According to the proportioning of the ature of coal of different coals and Coal rank, can obtain by different distillation process different products, wherein high temperature carbonization is carbonization of coal to be become to the technological process of the required coke of steel smelting procedure.
Modern coal coking is roughly as follows:
1) coal is dry: when the temperature of coal charge is during higher than 100 ℃, the moisture in coal charge evaporates; Temperature is elevated to 200 ℃ when above, and in coal charge, crystal water disengages;
2) coal modification: when more than 350 ℃, coal charge starts to occur the change of microtexture and physical property; Caking coal starts to soften, and further forms the plastic mass (this phenomenon does not occur for mud coal, brown coal etc.) of thickness, and coal gas (main component is methane) and tar (coal tar) start to separate out;
3) low-temperature coal carbonization: during to 500～600 ℃, coal charge starts low-temperature pyrolysis, and most of coal gas and tar are separated out, this i.e. a thermal decomposition product; Residue retrogradation solidify to form semicoke gradually;
4) the warm dry distillation of coal in: during to 700 ℃～900 ℃, semicoke continuation minute parses remaining volatile matter (main component is hydrogen), and semicoke weightlessness is shunk simultaneously, forms crackle;
5) high-temperature coal destructive distillation: during to 900 ℃～1100 ℃, the hardening of semicoke volume-diminished forms porous coke.
From said process, because coal retort process is a process of heating continuously, no matter be to adopt what type of heating to complete what distillation process process, the product of the dry distillation of coal is all the multiple coking products such as coal semicoke or coke, coal gas and tar.And, the attribute of these products and composition because of the attribute of coal charge used and coal carbonization technology and the process of process understand different.
The external-heat dry distillation of coal
Modern coke making process (being high-temperature coking technique), is external-heat coking; The body of heater of the external-heat coal carbonization furnace that it adopts (external-heat pit kiln) consists of coking chamber, combustion chamber and three major portions of regenerator.Generally, the wide 0.4～0.5m of coking chamber, long 10～17m, high 4～7.5m, the top of coking chamber is provided with stoke hole and gas up take (at pusher side or coke side), and the two ends of coking chamber are sealed with fire door.Coking coal is isolated with air after adding coal car to pour coking chamber into, by the combustion chamber of coking chamber both sides, is heated.Combustion chamber consists of many flues, and coal gas and air burn in flue.Regenerator is positioned at lower portion of furnace body, minute air regenerator and gas regenerator.
The major portion of external-heat coal carbonization furnace is built by laying bricks or stones with silica brick, and fire path temperature can reach 1400 ℃.The coking time is different with fire path temperature because of width of charring chamber, is generally 13～18h.The supporting machinery of external-heat coal carbonization furnace has coal charger, pushing machine, coke guiding locomotive and quenching car etc.Wherein: coal charger packs coking chamber into coal, the coke being smelt is released with pushing machine, and fervid coke, in coke guiding locomotive falls into quenching car, puts out or reclaim the dry quenching(of coke) of heat energy through water.The coke putting out is put on Jiao Tai.
In order to improve coking working condition, external-heat coal carbonization furnace, except operating machine, automatization, also has control flue dust and the device of disposing of sewage.Robot calculator has also started to operate for external-heat coal carbonization furnace.External-heat coal carbonization furnace is to large scale development, and coking chamber useful volume is increased to 50 cubic metres.In order to improve coke oven throughput, the measures such as furnace wall brick of taking to reduce furnace wall thickness He selecting good heat conductivity, are considered to the trend of future development.
External-heat coke making process carries out heat conduction by the furnace wall between coking chamber and combustion chamber, coal gas and air burn and produce heat in the flue of combustion chamber, heat is transmitted to coking chamber in the furnace wall of ecto-entad between coking chamber and combustion chamber again, completes the heating to coking coal in coking chamber.Due to its burning and type of heating, there is following main drawback in external-heat coke making process:
1) coking chamber wall general silica brick of 100 mm thick that adopts in the situation that considering with balance strength and heat conductivility is built into, and its heat conductivility and efficiency have a strong impact on and limited process of coking and efficiency;
2) gas-fired forming in the flue of combustion chamber is typical heat storage type combustion, show as efficiency of combustion low even with temperature distributing disproportionation, thereby a nearly step has reduced the Energy efficiency of modern coke making process;
3) the coking temperature in coking chamber is generally 950 ℃-1050 ℃, and the medial temperature of combustion chamber flue is at 1300 ℃ or higher; And, because coal gas and air form the big flame oxygen-excess combustion that causes localized hyperthermia, thereby produce a large amount of oxynitride and sulfur oxide, cause serious topsoil and discharge;
4) coking chamber of coal carbonization furnace is because a large amount of silica brick high temperature resistant and that have a relatively good heat conductivility that has of needs utilization is built by laying bricks or stones and formed, thereby the laid down cost of coal carbonization furnace is high;
5) for making coal gas and air compare effective burning in combustion chamber is flue, flue takies the large quantity space of coal carbonization furnace body of heater, has reduced effective coking space of coal carbonization furnace.And, due to flue system, coal gas and preheating of air and delivery system complexity, greatly increased the costs such as design, construction, material and operation.
Internally heated coal carbonization
In prior art, internally heated coal carbonization technique is also only attempted to some extent at present in small-sized middle low-temperature coal carbonization, also there is no application to some extent in high-temperature coking especially big-and-middle-sized in high-temperature coking.
A kind of common application form of internally heated coal carbonization technique is internal thermal upright coal carbonization furnace (internal thermal upright carbonization furnace).Its technical process and principle of work are:
Coal charge (particle diameter is 15～200mm, is also called lump coal) regularly adds the coking chamber in stove from the top of internal thermal upright coal carbonization furnace, completes continuous charging operation; Add lump coal in stove due to action of gravity, move from top to bottom, and high-temperature gas (high-temperature gas the flows from bottom to top) counter current contact of sending into combustion chamber.The top of coking chamber is preheating section, and lump coal is heated to 400 ℃ of left and right in this section, completes the coal modification before dry and destructive distillation; Then enter the retort section at coking chamber middle part, lump coal is heated to 700 ℃ of left and right in this section, and is semicoke by charing; Afterwards, semicoke is first cooled to 150 ℃ of left and right by the cooling section of coking chamber bottom, and being finally cooled to 50 ℃ of left and right, to become semicoke be the finished product.
In order to solve the existing high energy consumption of the external-heat dry distillation of coal and low efficiency problem, and in order further to reduce the manufacturing cost of coal carbonization furnace, internally heated coal carbonization process using and trial internal thermal upright coal carbonization furnace.Yet due to its principle and structural defect, there are obvious three large main drawbacks in internally heated coal carbonization technique:
1) high-temperature flue gas forming at combustion chamber using burning coal or other fuel.Because it all adopts conventional solid or gas fuel combustion technology, need to fuel be burnt as far as possible by excessive blowing, cause containing in produced high-temperature flue gas too much oxygen; Its will with coking chamber in part coal generation combustion oxidation, thereby consume coal and reduce the yield rate of product semicoke;
2) conventional solid or gas fuel combustion technology exist obvious efficiency of combustion low and because of insufficient disposal of pollutants problem causing of burning; Thereby, conventionally need to adopt the combustion system of excessive blowing.But this combustion system has reduced burning and the thermo-efficiency of combustion chamber, and the whole Energy efficiency of this internal heat type charring process;
3) although, the coking temperature in coking chamber is 700 ℃ of left and right; But certainly exist localized hyperthermia at its combustion system of combustion chamber internal cause.And due to excessive blowing, the burning forming in combustion chamber is big flame oxygen-excess combustion.This burning can produce a large amount of oxynitride and sulfur oxide, causes serious topsoil and discharge.
Summary of the invention
For the defect existing in prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of internally heated coal carbonization furnace, internally heated coal carbonization system and coal carbonization technology method, efficiency is high, and energy consumption is low, pollute littlely, the maximization that has realized dry distillation of coal efficiency is to reduce energy consumption and to shorten the coking time.
For reaching above object, the technical scheme that the present invention takes is:
An internally heated coal carbonization furnace, comprises body of heater, it is characterized in that:
Described body of heater is provided with some coking chambers 4 side by side, and coking chamber 4 is for loading the coal charge of the pending dry distillation of coal,
The weary oxygen flue gas of high temperature producing from the weary oxygen smoke generating appts 1 of high temperature, directly sends into each coking chamber 4 through vertical flue 6, makes the coal charge in coking chamber 4 directly contact and carry out the dry distillation of coal with the weary oxygen flue gas of high temperature.
On the basis of technique scheme, the left and right sides wall of described coking chamber 4 is the penetrating wall 7 of flue gas, and the penetrating wall 7 of described flue gas is provided with some equally distributed smoke holes 5,
In the penetrating wall of flue gas 7 outsides, along penetrating wall 7 length directions of flue gas, be provided with some spaced vertical flues 6, every vertical flue 6 is along the short transverse setting of coking chamber 4,
The weary oxygen flue gas of high temperature can enter coking chamber 4 from vertical flue 6 freely by smoke hole 5.
On the basis of technique scheme, the penetrating wall 7 of described flue gas adopts highiy refractory brick to be built into, and refractory brick reserving gaps when piling up forms smoke hole 5;
Or the penetrating wall of described flue gas 7 adopts pass highiy refractory bricks to be built into, described pass highiy refractory brick is provided with some equally distributed smoke holes 5;
Or the penetrating wall of described flue gas 7 adopts pass highiy refractory bricks and highiy refractory brick to be built into, described pass highiy refractory brick is provided with some equally distributed smoke holes 5.
On the basis of technique scheme, on every pass highiy refractory brick, described smoke hole 5 in the vertical directions, are at least provided with a row from top to bottom, and every row in the horizontal direction, at least arranges one.
On the basis of technique scheme, smoke hole 5 is the smoke hole inlet mouth 21 lower than vertical flue side at the level attitude of the smoke hole air outlet 22 of coking chamber side.
On the basis of technique scheme, the opening direction of described smoke hole air outlet 22 court oliquely downward.
On the basis of technique scheme, described smoke hole air outlet 22 is wide-mouth.
On the basis of technique scheme, the bottom of each vertical flue 6 is all connected with vertical flue distribution circuit 3, top seal, and described vertical flue distribution circuit 3 is connected with flue gas transmission and distribution pipeline 2, and flue gas transmission and distribution pipeline 2 is connected with the weary oxygen smoke generating appts 1 of high temperature.
On the basis of technique scheme, the weary oxygen smoke generating appts 1 of described high temperature, is less than the burner of 0.5% the weary oxygen flue gas of high temperature for producing oxygen level.
On the basis of technique scheme, the quantity of described coking chamber 4 is not all 1～90 according to the kind of the dry distillation of coal and requirement, or more,
The penetrating wall of flue gas outside at each coking chamber, is uniformly distributed as required along its length 30～50 and is adjacent the vertical flue that coking chamber is shared.
Internally heated coal carbonization system, is characterized in that, comprising:
Above-mentioned internally heated coal carbonization furnace 32,
The weary oxygen smoke generating appts 1 of high temperature is connected to the vertical flue distribution circuit 3 supporting with internally heated coal carbonization furnace 32 by flue gas transmission and distribution pipeline 2,
The coking chamber 4 of internally heated coal carbonization furnace 32 is provided with tail gas outlet, and tail gas outlet is connected to coke(oven)gas recycling by pipeline and utilizes system,
Coke(oven)gas recycling utilizes system to produce gas retort coal gas, and described gas retort coal gas returns the weary oxygen smoke generating appts 1 of high temperature as geseous fuel or for other purposes by Pipeline transport.
The coal carbonization technology method that adopts above-mentioned internally heated coal carbonization furnace, is characterized in that, dry distillation of coal process is as follows:
Step 2, when in coking chamber, the temperature of coal charge rises to higher than 100 ℃ by envrionment temperature, the moisture in coal charge evaporates; Temperature continues to be elevated to 200 ℃ when above, and in coal charge, crystal water disengages, and coke oven tail gas water content, close to zero, completes the drying process of coal charge;
Step 3, before drying process finishes, can start coke oven tail gas to reclaim, and along with the continuation of coking chamber temperature raises, especially reaches when more than approximately 350 ℃, and reclaimed coke oven tail gas is carried out to dedusting and coal gas and burnt oil separating and recycling; Coal gas is as geseous fuel, and tar is as industrial chemicals;
Step 4, the dry distillation of coal: according to the requirement of the needs of different coal carbonization technologies and the finished product, coking chamber completes a kind of in three kinds of distillation process of following basic, normal, high temperature destructive distillation by the weary oxygen flue gas heating of high temperature to relevant temperature scope:
Step 4.1, when coal charge temperature is about 500～600 ℃ in coking chamber, completes low-temperature coal carbonization; Most of coal gas and tar are separated out, and have gradually semicoke to solidify to form;
Step 4.2, when coal charge temperature is about 700 ℃～900 ℃ in coking chamber, completes the middle temperature dry distillation of coal; Semicoke continuation minute parses remaining volatile matter, and semicoke weightlessness is shunk simultaneously, forms crackle;
Step 4.3, when coal charge temperature is about 950 ℃～1050 ℃ in coking chamber, completes high-temperature coal destructive distillation; The hardening of semicoke volume-diminished forms porous coke.
Internally heated coal carbonization furnace of the present invention, internally heated coal carbonization system and coal carbonization technology method, efficiency is high, and energy consumption is low, pollutes littlely, and the maximization that has realized dry distillation of coal efficiency is to reduce energy consumption and to shorten the coking time.
Internally heated coal carbonization furnace of the present invention and internally heated coal carbonization system, in order to improve efficiency of combustion and the system thermal efficiency of coking desired gas fuel, and reduce to greatest extent the discharge of the pollutents such as oxynitride and oxysulfide, adopt the gas fuel combustion technology of high-efficiency cleaning as producing high temperature weary oxygen flue gas technology and generating unit, utilize the weary oxygen flue gas of high temperature that the high-efficiency cleaning burning of geseous fuel produces as the direct heating medium of coal charge; By the weary oxygen flue gas of pressure official post high temperature, from the weary oxygen smoke generating appts 1 of high temperature through flue gas transmission and distribution pipeline 2, vertical flue distribution circuit 3, vertical flue 6 be provided with the penetrating wall 7 of flue gas of smoke hole 5, directly enter coking chamber coal charge is carried out to efficient direct heating.
Internally heated coal carbonization furnace of the present invention and internally heated coal carbonization system, physical construction and the principle of work of modern coal carbonization furnace complexity have been simplified, coal gas and air distributing system and relevant subsystem have been removed, when greatly improving system thermal efficiency, simplify widely the heating system of coal carbonization furnace, thereby significantly reduced design and the laid down cost of coal carbonization furnace; The in the situation that of same base area, obtained and can, for expanding the space of coking chamber capacity, have improved the useful space utilization ratio of coal carbonization furnace simultaneously.On basis such as basic how much formations such as carbonization chamber taper and engineering design consideration in keeping modern coal carbonization furnace, coking chamber volume of the present invention can be larger than the coking chamber volume of the present conventionally coal carbonization furnace of structure, and can have larger and flexible design space more.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The present invention has following accompanying drawing:
The structural representation of Fig. 1 internally heated coal carbonization furnace.
The structural representation of Fig. 2 pass highiy refractory brick.
The structural representation of Fig. 3 internally heated coal carbonization system.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail.
The present invention includes two parts of internally heated coal carbonization furnace structure design and technique.
Internally heated coal carbonization furnace of the present invention, (internally heated coal carbonization furnace of the present invention has been cancelled coal gas and air distributing system and relevant subsystem to its structure as shown in Figure 1.Other unit of coal carbonization furnace, structure, equipment, Technology and the flow process that in Fig. 1, do not show all can be identical with modern coal carbonization furnace, adopt prior art to implement, and no longer describe in detail.), comprising:
Body of heater, described body of heater is provided with some coking chambers 4 side by side, coking chamber 4 is for loading the coal charge of the pending dry distillation of coal, coking chamber 4 is identical with function and the basic structure of the coking chamber of modern coal carbonization furnace, and for carrying out coking coal carbonization reaction, the top of coking chamber 4 is provided with 3～4 tail gas outlets, tail gas outlet is connected to coke(oven)gas recycling by pipeline and utilizes system, described coke(oven)gas recycling utilizes system to adopt prior art to implement, and no longer describes in detail
The weary oxygen flue gas of high temperature producing from the weary oxygen smoke generating appts 1 of high temperature, directly sends into each coking chamber 4 through vertical flue 6, makes the coal charge in coking chamber 4 directly contact and carry out the dry distillation of coal with the weary oxygen flue gas of high temperature.
On the basis of technique scheme, the left and right sides wall of described coking chamber 4 is the penetrating wall of flue gas (being also called flue gas transporting wall) 7, before and after it, the pusher side of both sides and coke side wall and structure, the function of upper and lower side walls and the material of building a wall all adopt and existing coal carbonization furnace same design (adopting silica brick to be built into), be not described in detail in this
The penetrating wall 7 of described flue gas is provided with some equally distributed smoke holes 5,
In the penetrating wall of flue gas 7 outsides (outside refers to be positioned at a side of coking chamber 4 outsides), along penetrating wall 7 length directions of flue gas, be provided with some spaced vertical flues 6, every vertical flue 6 is along the short transverse setting (referring to Fig. 1) of coking chamber 4, the some vertical flue 6 of the same side preferably uniformly-spaced arranges along the length direction of the penetrating wall 7 of flue gas, concrete interval can be with reference to the set-up mode of the flue of existing coal carbonization furnace, no longer describe in detail
The weary oxygen flue gas of high temperature can enter coking chamber 4 from vertical flue 6 freely by smoke hole 5.
In the present invention, on the penetrating wall 7 of flue gas, smoke hole 5 is set, object is that coking coal and surrounding environment is isolated, only has the weary oxygen flue gas of high temperature from vertical flue 6, to enter coking chamber by the smoke hole 5 of reasonable layout.Existing coal carbonization furnace, is the penetrating wall 7 of flue gas of the present invention by the wall reconstruction of coking chamber 4, also can adopt technical solutions according to the invention.
On the basis of technique scheme, the penetrating wall 7 of described flue gas adopts highiy refractory brick to be built into, and refractory brick reserving gaps when piling up forms smoke hole 5;
Or the penetrating wall of described flue gas 7 adopts pass highiy refractory bricks to be built into, described pass highiy refractory brick is provided with some equally distributed smoke holes 5;
Or the penetrating wall of described flue gas 7 adopts pass highiy refractory bricks and highiy refractory brick to be built into, described pass highiy refractory brick is provided with some equally distributed smoke holes 5.
Obviously, described in above, smoke hole 5 can also adopt other modes to be arranged on the penetrating wall 7 of flue gas.For example: brick body is provided with cell body, this cell body is a part for smoke hole 5, after brick body is piled up, and the cell body amalgamation on adjacent brick body, the smoke hole 5 of complete.
On the basis of technique scheme, as shown in Figure 2, on every pass highiy refractory brick, described smoke hole 5 in the vertical directions, are at least provided with a row from top to bottom, are embodiment illustrated in fig. 2ly provided with three rows,
Every row in the horizontal direction, at least arranges one.
That is: on every pass highiy refractory brick, 1*1 smoke hole 5 is at least set, the magnitude setting of smoke hole 5 can also be 1*2,2*2,2*3,3*2,3*3,2*4,3*4,4*4 etc., no longer enumerates.When refractory brick reserving gaps when piling up forms smoke hole 5, the quantity of smoke hole 5, arrangement mode also can be with reference to the set-up mode of smoke hole 5 on pass highiy refractory brick, as required appropriate design.
The profile hole profile that the cross section of smoke hole 5 can be circular, oval, square, rectangle, prismatic, trapezoidal, trilateral, quincunx or other are applicable.
On the basis of technique scheme, as shown in Figure 2, smoke hole 5 is the smoke hole inlet mouth 21 lower than vertical flue side at the level attitude of the smoke hole air outlet 22 of coking chamber side.
The opening of smoke hole air outlet must be lower than smoke hole inlet mouth, and object is in coal charge process, broken coal or coal dust can not occur and enter and stop up smoke hole in order to ensure installing additional at coking chamber, guarantees the permeability of smoke hole.
Further, the opening direction of described smoke hole air outlet 22 court oliquely downward.
Further, described smoke hole air outlet 22 is wide-mouth.For example, described wide-mouth is hydraucone, and the bigbore one end of hydraucone is positioned at coking chamber one side.
On the basis of technique scheme, the bottom of each vertical flue 6 is all connected with vertical flue distribution circuit 3, top seal, and described vertical flue distribution circuit 3 is connected with flue gas transmission and distribution pipeline 2, and flue gas transmission and distribution pipeline 2 is connected with the weary oxygen smoke generating appts 1 of high temperature.
The weary oxygen flue gas of high temperature that the weary oxygen smoke generating appts 1 of high temperature produces, through flue gas transmission and distribution pipeline 2(main pipeline) efficiently transmission & distribution arrive each vertical flue distribution circuit 3(lateral uniformly); Vertical flue distribution circuit 3 is finally sent into the weary oxygen flue gas of high temperature in vertical flue 6.Concrete pipeline connecting mode between vertical flue 6, vertical flue distribution circuit 3, flue gas transmission and distribution pipeline 2 and the weary oxygen smoke generating appts 1 of high temperature, can implement by prior art, no longer describes in detail.As preferred version, the vertical flue 6 of the same side is communicated to a vertical flue distribution circuit 3, to ensure the flue gas transport efficiency of transmission & distribution piping system.
On the basis of technique scheme, the weary oxygen smoke generating appts of described high temperature 1 is less than the burner of the particular design of 0.5% the weary oxygen flue gas of high temperature for producing oxygen level.
The weary oxygen smoke generating appts 1 of high temperature is the weary oxygen flue gas of high temperature at 600 ℃～1300 ℃ according to coke making process process need generation temperature.From weary oxygen smoke generating appts 1 temperature of high temperature at the flue gas of 600 ℃～1300 ℃ first through flue gas transmission and distribution pipeline, joined uniformly and be transported to each vertical flue distribution circuit; Afterwards, enter each vertical flue; Finally by the smoke hole communicating with vertical flue in the penetrating wall of flue gas, enter coking chamber.
The present invention advises adopting LGC super-low calorific value industrial gaseous waste combustion technology and the burner of matter source permanent safe clean energy technology (Beijing) company limited, the burner of this employing LGC combustion technology can by low calorific value gas fuel high-efficiency cleaning burn and produce the weary oxygen flue gas of high temperature that oxygen level is less than 0.2%.Described low calorific value gas fuel is blast furnace gas, coal gas of converter or coke-oven gas.
In principle, the weary oxygen flue gas of high temperature is that the oxygen level that any employing high-efficiency cleaning combustion technology and equipment produce by the weary oxygen burning of high temperature is less than 0.5% flue gas, and object is the efficient and environmental protection in order to ensure whole distillation system.Low calorific value gas fuel suggestion adopts blast furnace gas, coal gas of converter, coke-oven gas and gas retort tail gas of the present invention etc.LGC low heat value gas burning technology is can burn to utilize low calorific value gas fuel to produce the advanced person of the weary oxygen flue gas of high temperature and ripe combustion technology high-efficiency cleaning.Because this technology relates to the technology and equipment of other field, the present invention no longer describes in detail.
As mentioned above, internally heated coal carbonization furnace of the present invention, adopted diverse coal charge heating medium and type of heating, specifically: adopt the weary oxygen flue gas of high temperature as heating medium by coal charge direct heating, substituted and take the traditional way of silica brick as heat-conduction medium indirect heating coal charge.The weary oxygen flue gas of the high temperature of usining is as the heating medium of the dry distillation of coal, can by high temperature the entrained heat energy direct effect of weary oxygen flue gas isolated to effective guarantee coal charge in coal charge and oxygen, thereby realize the efficient dry distillation of coal.Coal charge heating medium of the present invention and type of heating are simple, direct, efficient, have greatly simplified coal gas and air system and flue system complicated in modern coal carbonization furnace.
On the basis of technique scheme, the quantity of described coking chamber 4 according to the kind of the dry distillation of coal and require difference can for 1～90 or more not etc.For the coal carbonization furnace of high temperature carbonization, generally can there be 60～70 coking chambers.And, generally can in very wide scope, select the width (W) of coking chamber, highly (H) and length (L); Such as each width of charring chamber is 400～800mm; Be highly 5～8M; Length is 15～20M.
The penetrating wall of flue gas outside at each coking chamber, is uniformly distributed as required along its length 30～50 and is adjacent the vertical flue that coking chamber is shared, and the weary oxygen flue gas of high temperature is transported in the coking chamber adjacent with its both sides equably from vertical flue.Temperature, flow and the warm-up time that enters the weary oxygen flue gas of coking chamber by control reaches temperature and maintains to make coking coal complete dry, destructive distillation and the needed temperature and time of coking.
The present invention gives a kind of internally heated coal carbonization system that adopts above-mentioned internally heated coal carbonization furnace, as shown in Figure 3, specifically comprises:
Internally heated coal carbonization furnace 32,
The weary oxygen smoke generating appts 1 of high temperature is connected to the vertical flue distribution circuit 3 supporting with internally heated coal carbonization furnace 32 by flue gas transmission and distribution pipeline 2,
The coking chamber 4 of internally heated coal carbonization furnace 32 is provided with tail gas outlet, and tail gas outlet is connected to coke(oven)gas recycling by pipeline and utilizes system,
Coke(oven)gas recycling utilizes system to produce gas retort coal gas, and described gas retort coal gas returns the weary oxygen smoke generating appts 1 of high temperature as geseous fuel or for other purposes by Pipeline transport.
As shown in Figure 3, described coke(oven)gas recycling utilizes system to comprise:
Dedusting and heat recovery device 33, the tail gas outlet of coking chamber 4 is connected with heat recovery device 33 with dedusting by pipeline,
Coal tar and other chemical components retrieving arrangements 34, dedusting is connected with other chemical components retrieving arrangements 34 with coal tar by flue after dedusting with heat recovery device 33, and coal tar and other chemical components retrieving arrangements make coal gas and tar separation,
Coke oven tail gas cleans recovery system 35, and coal tar is connected by the clean recovery system 35 of coke oven tail gas pipeline and coke oven tail gas with other chemical components retrieving arrangements 34, and the clean recovery system of coke oven tail gas is collected coal gas (gas retort coal gas),
Coke oven tail gas recovery system 35 is provided with supporting coke-oven gas gas storage system 36, coke oven tail gas recovery system 35 reclaims the gas retort coal gas obtaining and is stored in coke-oven gas gas storage system 36, and described gas retort coal gas can return the weary oxygen smoke generating appts 1 of high temperature as geseous fuel or for other purposes by Pipeline transport.
In internal heat type coal retort process, because the weary oxygen flue gas of high temperature forms coking tail gas from the coal gas of separating out coal charge in dry distillation of coal process together with flue gas; Thereby its coal carbonization furnace tail gas amount is greater than modern coal carbonization technology, and the concentration of the coal carbonization furnace coal gas reclaiming or calorific value also want corresponding lower.This coal gas can be used as the ideal fuels of the weary oxygen smoke generating appts 1 of high temperature.
Internally heated coal carbonization furnace of the present invention, internally heated coal carbonization system, itself and modern coal carbonization furnace, on the type of heating and heat transfer type of coking, and have difference in essence in corresponding coal carbonization furnace structure and in technological process; Yet, at coal charge, match, feed, extinguish Jiao, discharge of the coke, coke oven tail gas dedusting and recycling, tar recycling etc. operation adopts identical technology and equipment.
The dry distillation of coal process of internally heated coal carbonization furnace of the present invention is as follows:
Step 2, when in coking chamber, the temperature of coal charge rises to higher than 100 ℃ by envrionment temperature, the moisture in coal charge evaporates; Temperature continues to be elevated to 200 ℃ when above, and in coal charge, crystal water disengages, and coke oven tail gas water content, close to zero, completes the drying process of coal charge;
Step 3, before drying process finishes, can start coke oven tail gas to reclaim, and along with the continuation of coking chamber temperature raises, especially reaches when more than approximately 350 ℃, and reclaimed coke oven tail gas is carried out to dedusting and coal gas and burnt oil separating and recycling; , as geseous fuel, tar is as industrial chemicals for coal gas (main component is methane);
Step 4, the dry distillation of coal: according to the requirement of the needs of different coal carbonization technologies and the finished product, coking chamber completes a kind of in three kinds of distillation process of following basic, normal, high temperature destructive distillation by the weary oxygen flue gas heating of high temperature to relevant temperature scope:
Step 4.1, when coal charge temperature is about 500～600 ℃ in coking chamber, completes low-temperature coal carbonization; Most of coal gas and tar are separated out, and have gradually semicoke to solidify to form;
Step 4.2, when coal charge temperature is about 700 ℃～900 ℃ in coking chamber, completes the middle temperature dry distillation of coal; Semicoke continuation minute parses remaining volatile matter (main component is hydrogen), and semicoke weightlessness is shunk simultaneously, forms crackle;
Step 4.3, when coal charge temperature is about 950 ℃～1050 ℃ in coking chamber, completes high-temperature coal destructive distillation; The hardening of semicoke volume-diminished forms porous coke.
The present invention has the following advantages:
1) because the present invention has adopted, utilize the weary oxygen flue gas of high temperature as the internally heated coal carbonization of heating medium, the required energy consumption of dry distillation of coal process is expected to be 1/3rd of the existing external-heat dry distillation of coal, or lower;
2) time of coal carbonization technology process is existing technique 1/4th, or shorter;
3) tremendous increase of the thermo-efficiency of internally heated coal carbonization technique of the present invention, the Heating temperature in gas retort is 1000 ℃ of left and right, far below 1300 ℃-1400 ℃ of existing coal carbonization technology.Thereby, greatly reduce generation and the discharge of the pollutents such as oxynitride;
4) coordinate the weary oxygen smoke generating appts of high temperature of selecting high-efficiency cleaning, can a nearly step increase substantially the Energy efficiency of internally heated coal carbonization technique and reduce generation and the discharge of the pollutents such as oxynitride, reach the maximization of the effects of energy saving and emission reduction of coal carbonization technology;
5) owing to adopting vertical flue in the present invention, it takes up space and is significantly less than the flue adopting in existing coal carbonization furnace; Thereby in the situation that gas retort size is identical, internally heated coal carbonization furnace coking chamber volume capacity of the present invention is obviously greater than existing coal carbonization furnace;
6) owing to having adopted internal heat type type of heating, coking chamber does not need to adopt silica brick to build by laying bricks or stones, thereby greatly reduces the construction material cost of coal carbonization furnace;
7) coordinate the weary oxygen smoke generating appts 1 of high temperature that utilizes high-efficiency cleaning, can simplify widely the structure of coal carbonization furnace; Thereby, without the necessary regenerator of existing coal carbonization furnace and relevant building structure and equipment, also without the required emission abatement device such as denitration device of prior art, thereby a nearly step is simplified greatly significantly the structure of gas retort and is greatly reduced facility investment, laid down cost and running cost;
8) efficiency due to internally heated coal carbonization technique of the present invention is high, the destructive distillation time is short, pyrolysis temperature and process controlled, its coking is evenly, coke quality is high, tar quality is high.
The content not being described in detail in this specification sheets belongs to the known prior art of professional and technical personnel in the field.
Annex:
Reference (as patent/paper/standard)
1. Oxford University's chemistry of fuel industry teaching and research room compiles: < < low-temperature pyrolysis engineering > >, the first volume, petroleum industry press, Beijing, 1959
2.A.Elliott?ed.,Chemistry?of?Coal?Utilization,2nd?Sup.vol.,John?Wiley&Sons,New?York,1981.
3. Zhao Jie etc., internal thermal upright carbonization furnace distillation process and improvement direction thereof, < < energy supply for metallurgy > >, in May, 2011,30 (3): 31-33.
Claims (12)
1. an internally heated coal carbonization furnace, comprises body of heater, it is characterized in that:
Described body of heater is provided with some coking chambers (4) side by side, and coking chamber (4) is for loading the coal charge of the pending dry distillation of coal,
The weary oxygen flue gas of high temperature producing from the weary oxygen smoke generating appts of high temperature (1), directly sends into each coking chamber (4) through vertical flue (6), makes the coal charge in coking chamber (4) directly contact and carry out the dry distillation of coal with the weary oxygen flue gas of high temperature.
2. internally heated coal carbonization furnace as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the left and right sides wall of described coking chamber (4) is the penetrating wall of flue gas (7), and the penetrating wall of described flue gas (7) is provided with some equally distributed smoke holes (5),
In the penetrating wall of flue gas (7) outside, along the penetrating wall of flue gas (7) length direction, be provided with some spaced vertical flues (6), every vertical flue (6) is along the short transverse setting of coking chamber (4),
The weary oxygen flue gas of high temperature can enter coking chamber (4) from vertical flue (6) freely by smoke hole (5).
3. internally heated coal carbonization furnace as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that: the penetrating wall of described flue gas (7) adopts highiy refractory brick to be built into, and refractory brick reserving gaps when piling up forms smoke hole (5);
Or the penetrating wall of described flue gas (7) adopts pass highiy refractory brick to be built into, described pass highiy refractory brick is provided with some equally distributed smoke holes (5);
Or the penetrating wall of described flue gas (7) adopts pass highiy refractory brick and highiy refractory brick to be built into, described pass highiy refractory brick is provided with some equally distributed smoke holes (5).
4. internally heated coal carbonization furnace as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that: on every pass highiy refractory brick, described smoke hole (5) in the vertical direction, is at least provided with a row from top to bottom, and every row in the horizontal direction, at least arranges one.
5. internally heated coal carbonization furnace as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that: smoke hole (5) is the smoke hole inlet mouth (21) lower than vertical flue side at the level attitude of the smoke hole air outlet (22) of coking chamber side.
6. internally heated coal carbonization furnace as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that: the opening direction court of described smoke hole air outlet (22) oliquely downward.
7. internally heated coal carbonization furnace as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that: described smoke hole air outlet (22) is wide-mouth.
8. internally heated coal carbonization furnace as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that: the bottom of each vertical flue (6) is all connected with vertical flue distribution circuit (3), top seal, described vertical flue distribution circuit (3) is connected with flue gas transmission and distribution pipeline (2), and flue gas transmission and distribution pipeline (2) is connected with the weary oxygen smoke generating appts of high temperature (1).
9. internally heated coal carbonization furnace as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the weary oxygen smoke generating appts of described high temperature (1), is less than the burner of 0.5% the weary oxygen flue gas of high temperature for producing oxygen level.
10. internally heated coal carbonization furnace as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that: the quantity of described coking chamber (4) is not all 1～90 according to the kind of the dry distillation of coal and requirement, or more,
The penetrating wall of flue gas outside at each coking chamber, is uniformly distributed as required along its length 30～50 and is adjacent the vertical flue that coking chamber is shared.
11. internally heated coal carbonization systems, is characterized in that, comprising:
One of claim 1～10 is any described internally heated coal carbonization furnace (32),
The weary oxygen smoke generating appts of high temperature (1) is connected to the vertical flue distribution circuit (3) supporting with internally heated coal carbonization furnace (32) by flue gas transmission and distribution pipeline (2),
The coking chamber (4) of internally heated coal carbonization furnace (32) is provided with tail gas outlet, and tail gas outlet is connected to coke(oven)gas recycling by pipeline and utilizes system,
Coke(oven)gas recycling utilizes system to produce gas retort coal gas, and described gas retort coal gas returns the weary oxygen smoke generating appts of high temperature (1) as geseous fuel or for other purposes by Pipeline transport.
12. adopt the coal carbonization technology method of one of any described internally heated coal carbonization furnace of claims 1～10, it is characterized in that, dry distillation of coal process is as follows:
Step 1, after completing coal charge filling operation, the weary oxygen smoke generating appts of high temperature (1) starts to carry the weary oxygen flue gas of high temperature to coal carbonization furnace, after the vertical flue that the weary oxygen flue gas of high temperature enters the penetrating wall of each coking chamber both sides flue gas outside through flue gas transmission and distribution pipeline (2), vertical flue distribution circuit (3), by the smoke hole on the penetrating wall of flue gas, enter coking chamber, the interior coal charge of coking chamber is heated up gradually and start coal drying process;
Step 2, when in coking chamber, the temperature of coal charge rises to higher than 100 ℃ by envrionment temperature, the moisture in coal charge evaporates; Temperature continues to be elevated to 200 ℃ when above, and in coal charge, crystal water disengages, and coke oven tail gas water content, close to zero, completes the drying process of coal charge;
Step 3, before drying process finishes, can start coke oven tail gas to reclaim, and along with the continuation of coking chamber temperature raises, especially reaches when more than approximately 350 ℃, and reclaimed coke oven tail gas is carried out to dedusting and coal gas and burnt oil separating and recycling; Coal gas is as geseous fuel, and tar is as industrial chemicals;
Step 4, the dry distillation of coal: according to the requirement of the needs of different coal carbonization technologies and the finished product, coking chamber completes a kind of in three kinds of distillation process of following basic, normal, high temperature destructive distillation by the weary oxygen flue gas heating of high temperature to relevant temperature scope:
Step 4.1, when coal charge temperature is about 500～600 ℃ in coking chamber, completes low-temperature coal carbonization; Most of coal gas and tar are separated out, and have gradually semicoke to solidify to form;
Step 4.2, when coal charge temperature is about 700 ℃～900 ℃ in coking chamber, completes the middle temperature dry distillation of coal; Semicoke continuation minute parses remaining volatile matter, and semicoke weightlessness is shunk simultaneously, forms crackle;
Step 4.3, when coal charge temperature is about 950 ℃～1050 ℃ in coking chamber, completes high-temperature coal destructive distillation; The hardening of semicoke volume-diminished forms porous coke.
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