CN203048874U - All-in-one destructive distillation furnace - Google Patents
All-in-one destructive distillation furnace Download PDFInfo
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- CN203048874U CN203048874U CN2012204880859U CN201220488085U CN203048874U CN 203048874 U CN203048874 U CN 203048874U CN 2012204880859 U CN2012204880859 U CN 2012204880859U CN 201220488085 U CN201220488085 U CN 201220488085U CN 203048874 U CN203048874 U CN 203048874U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses an all-in-one destructive distillation furnace which can be used for integrating heat carrier heating and material destructive distillation in the same dry destructive distillation unit. The all-in-one destructive distillation furnace is characterized by using exhaust gas as destructive distillation heat carrier for indirectly heating the materials, wherein the destructive distillation furnace is formed by combining a plurality of sub destructive distillation units. Each destructive distillation unit relatively independent; one combustion chamber is corresponding to one destructive distillation chamber, so that one destructive distillation sub unit is formed; the upper part of the destructive distillation furnace consisting of the plurality of destructive distillation sub units is mutually communicated; the two destructive distillation sub units are separated by an exhaust gas chamber; and the lower part of the destructive distillation furnace shares a water seal tank and a coke extracting device. The all-in-one destructive distillation furnace disclosed by the utility model has daily treatment capacity of more than 6000 tons, is suitable for low-temperature destructive distillation oil refining of materials including oil sand, oil shale, coals and the like, and suitable for carrying out destructive distillation oil refining onto materials of various qualities including a small grain size, low gas content, low fixed carbon content, high moisture content and the like; and moreover, the oil recovery rate of the destructive distillation furnace can reach about 90%.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of thermal barrier heating and material destructive distillation are integrated into integrated dry furnace in the same destructive distillation unit.Be applicable to the low-temperature pyrolysis oil refining to materials such as oil-sand, resinous shale and coals.
Background technology
At present, domestic low-temperature pyrolysis technology to material has three kinds, and first kind is Fushun formula distillation process, and major equipment has gas retort and process furnace, and gas retort is columnar structured, is the internal combustion type stove, and process furnace is recuperative heater.Fushun formula destructive distillation flow scheme is seen Fig. 1, it is combustion-supporting to send into saturated air with gas blower from the gas retort bottom during work, the flue gas that fixed carbon burning in the material produces carries out destructive distillation to the resinous shale on top, for preventing the too high coking of inner flue gas of the stove temperature, feed on gas retort top and to be heated to 550 ℃～650 ℃ gas through process furnace and to regulate, gas retort material handling granularity is 12～75mm, and single stove processing power is 100 tons, and this stove can not be handled small particles material.Second kind is Huadian formula gas retort, major equipment has gas retort and process furnace, gas retort is circular for circle square structure, top, and the bottom is square, it is the complete circulation type gas retort, do not have the combustion burning device in the stove, about 650 ℃ the thermal circulation gas that dependence feeds from the gas retort middle part is carried out destructive distillation to the resinous shale on top, and oil-collecting ratio is about 90%, the processing granularity is 6～50mm, and single stove processing power is 300 ton per days.This stove is present domestic state-of-the-art gas retort, can handle than the smaller material of Fushun gas retort particle diameter.Fig. 2 is Huadian formula destructive distillation flow scheme figure, the thermal circulation gas that is heated to about 650 ℃～700 ℃ through process furnace during work enters from the gas retort middle part, gas orifice ejection through distribution device, the material that will get off from above is heated to 500 ℃～550 ℃, destructive distillation takes place, the oil gas that destructive distillation produces is collected through the battle array umbrella that is arranged at gas retort top, is derived outside the stove by the carbonizing gas delivery line, send oil recovery system to reclaim shale oil.But because of the jet length of thermal circulation gas limited, so the processing power of gas retort is restricted.The third is Maoming formula distillation process, and gas retort is square structure, is the internal combustion type stove, is commonly called as Gas stove, does not have process furnace, is a kind of integrated dry furnace.Feed flammable gas and air from the gas retort bottom during work, flue gas material to top in uphill process that burning produces carries out destructive distillation, and oil-collecting ratio is about 70%, and the processing granularity is 30～120mm, and single stove processing power is 200 ton per days.Though this gas retort heating and destructive distillation have realized integral type, but because gas produces about 1000 ℃ high-temperature flue gas when the stove internal combustion, usually cause the interior coking of stove to be forced to the blowing out cleaning, and a part of oil gas the time has been burnt in burning again inevitably, oil recovery rate is lower, formula side, Maoming stove begins for oil shale retort oil refining, because the problems referred to above and pollution problem all stop production the eighties in 20th century.Be used for coal carbonization after having some areas with this stove transformation after 21 century, produce blue carbon.But these defectives still exist.Fushun formula, Huadian formula distillation process are split type distillation process, its common defects is that system needs second-heating, thermal barrier thermal losses in course of conveying is bigger, and thermo-efficiency is low, have by the destructive distillation material because self air content is low, through after the second-heating, system thermal can not balance, is forced to cause the system process complexity from the external complement heat, investment strengthens, and operation is loaded down with trivial details.Though Maoming formula technology is integral type, the interior temperature of stove is the temperature of low-temperature pyrolysis needs head and shoulders above, causes disadvantages such as coking in the stove, oil firing gas.And the type of furnace of these several gas retorts all has treatment capacity little, defective such as floor space is big and be restricted the needs of incompatibility large-scale industrial production.Petro Xi Kesi (Petrosix) stove that Brazil is arranged at present abroad adopts recycle to extinction technology, and the day output of gas retort is 6000 tons.But also be the mode of taking to heat with the destructive distillation split, and because of technology barriers, involve great expense, introduction condition harshness, up to the present can't introduce.For this reason, a kind of novel big gas retort that can maximize of day output is badly in need of in China.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of power consumption few, the thermo-efficiency height, technology is simple, the gas retort that processing power is big.For realizing the purpose of this invention, the key technical problem that needs to solve is: 1, the process furnace in the cancellation distillation system, make the heating of thermal barrier and the destructive distillation integral type of material, and the simplified system flow process reduces the system thermal loss; 2, the cloth in the gas retort, gas distribution are wanted evenly to make by the destructive distillation of destructive distillation material balance destructive distillation fully, oil recovery rate height.The expansion of gas retort capacity can not influence uniform distribution in the gas retort, even gas distribution, still can thermally equivalent by the destructive distillation material, and balanced destructive distillation does not have the dead angle in the stove.This problem seems simply, and actual difficulty is very big, and Fushun type retort is want processing power is brought up to more than 200 tons from 100 tons, through the effort of decades, owing to solve even gas distribution problem in the bad gas retort, fails so far to realize.3, satisfying under 1,2 two technical request, gas retort outlet tolerance is minimum, the plant capacity of at utmost reducing oil recovery system, power consumption and the running cost of minimizing system.4, gas retort adaptability is eager to excel, and can satisfy the needs of the material destructive distillation of multiple user's demand and multiple quality.Such as the destructive distillation of materials such as oil-sand, resinous shale and coal, no matter and oil length height, what of water content, what of air content can both be suitable for; Particularly should be able to be applicable to low-quality oil shale retort oil refining, because the resinous shale in the most of places of production of China all belongs to low-quality resinous shale.5, the size specification of gas retort should be selected as required, and the free convergent-divergent of big I for the treatment of capacity does not change the type of furnace because treatment capacity increases.The user can select according to the size of oil shale reserves, freely measures, and the situation of " low load with strong power " or " high load with small power " do not occur, causes facility not match, the phenomenon that energy consumption increases.6, gas retort energy long period safety, steady running do not have serious potential safety hazard.Such as not causing gas leakage because of the problem of equipment itself, coking in the stove, security incidents such as blast.7, gas retort can be applied to the destructive distillation of small particles material.Present most of gas retort can not utilize less than the material destructive distillation below the 12mm, causes running cost to raise, and has also wasted unrenewable resource simultaneously.
Integrated dry furnace of the present invention can be realized the foregoing invention purpose preferably, and its technology characteristics is: as main destructive distillation thermal barrier, material is carried out indirect heating with flue gas; The flue gas that utilization produces at combustion chambers burn gas as the destructive distillation thermal barrier to the gas retort continuous heat supply, flue gas with directly contact by the destructive distillation material, flue gas flows in the smoke chamber of sealing and pipeline all the time, by radiation with conduct to by destructive distillation material transfer heat; Utilize the waste heat preheated air of flue gas, reduce funnel temperature, improve thermo-efficiency; Utilize high-temperature flue gas to add the temperature that warm air reduces the combustor exit flue gas, make the flue-gas temperature that enters Thiele tube be lower than 750 ℃; Utilize the temperature of each several part in Thiele tube equiblibrium mass distribution material and the balanced gas retort; Utilize gas and water vapour to replenish the heat that destructive distillation needs as the waste heat of auxiliary heat carrier recovery semicoke, the temperature of each several part in the balanced gas retort.
Technical process of the present invention is: 1, the technical process of flue gas thermal barrier: through the air of preheating with through receiving oily burning gas in combustion chamber mixed firing, the high-temperature flue gas that burning produces is 900 ℃～1000 ℃, high-temperature flue gas at first washes away the second stage air preheater that is arranged at top, combustion chamber, after flue-gas temperature is lowered to below 750 ℃, enter Thiele tube, Thiele tube is arranged at by in the bed of material of destructive distillation material, flue gas is done turning movement in Thiele tube, with heat transferred by the destructive distillation material, material is heated to 500 ℃～550 ℃, makes material generation destructive distillation.Flue gas is 350 ℃～400 ℃ from the Thiele tube outflow temperature, enters first step air preheater then, discharges out of the furnace after being cooled to 150 ℃～200 ℃.2, by the technical process of destructive distillation material: the material through preheating and preliminarily dried adds from gas retort top, enter the preheating and drying chamber, material is gone up the carbonizing gas that comes and is heated to 200 ℃～250 ℃ from the gas retort bottom, the moisture that material contains all evaporates, material continues to come downwards to the destructive distillation chamber that Thiele tube is installed, material absorbs destructive distillation chamber both sides gas radiation in the destructive distillation chamber and Thiele tube conducts the heat of coming, and temperature rises to 500 ℃～550 ℃, realizes complete destructive distillation.Semicoke after the destructive distillation continues descending, the cold gas that is fed by the bottom and be cooled to 250 ℃～300 ℃ from the water seal tank vapor evaporated, be cooled to 150 ℃～180 ℃ and enter water seal tank through watercooling jacket again, outside the scraper conveyer that is arranged at the water seal tank bottom is at last scraped and come out of the stove.3, the technical process of destructive distillation gas: the oil-containing gases that produces in the retort process, the cold gas that feeds from the gas retort bottom, merge together on gas retort top from water seal tank evaporation and the water vapour that enters gas retort, general designation destructive distillation gas, delivery line through being arranged at the gas retort top is discharged, be cooled to 35 ℃～40 ℃ through after reclaiming the oily substance wherein contain and separating moisture, a part is sent into combustion chamber uses that act as a fuel by the gas blower fan, and redundance is sent into the storage of gas gas holder and used it for anything else in addition.The technical process of flue gas thermal barrier, being mutually combined by the technical process of the technical process of destructive distillation material, destructive distillation gas has constituted the flow process of integral type destructive distillation technology, forms complete, continuous distillation process.
Integrated dry furnace of the present invention, its constitutional features is: the preheating and drying chamber of the combustion chamber of heat hot carrier, smoke chamber and destructive distillation material, destructive distillation chamber are in same cavity; Gas retort is combined by a plurality of destructive distillation subelements; Each destructive distillation subelement is relatively independent, and corresponding destructive distillation chamber, a combustion chamber forms a destructive distillation subelement; The gas retort top that a plurality of destructive distillation subelements are formed is interconnected, and separates with smoke chamber between two destructive distillation subelements, and a plurality of destructive distillation subelements bottom shares a water seal tank and coke discharging device; The destructive distillation subelement comprises combustion chamber to thermal barrier heating, smoke chamber, Thiele tube, air preheater and to preheating and drying chamber, the destructive distillation chamber of material destructive distillation, it is indoor that Thiele tube is installed in destructive distillation.
Integrated dry furnace of the present invention, its constitutional features is: feeding device is arranged at the top of gas retort body of heater, is made up of hopper, slide valve, feeding machine; The oil gas take-up gear is arranged at the gas retort upper of furnace body, is made up of air chamber and carbonizing gas delivery line; The coke discharging device is arranged in the water seal tank of gas retort bottom, is made up of pushing machine and scraper conveyer; A plurality of destructive distillation subelements share a cover coke pushing equipment; Water seal tank is arranged at the bottom of gas retort, and water seal tank is full of water when operation, highly be 600～900mm.
Integrated dry furnace of the present invention, its constitutional features is: the major parts of gas retort, comprise that preheating and drying chamber, destructive distillation chamber, smoke chamber, air preheater, Thiele tube, combustion chamber, coke discharging passage, semicoke refrigerating unit, watercooling jacket etc. are coated in the body of heater, be built into by flame-proof thermal insulation material all around, the outside covers steel plate.
Described preheating and drying chamber is arranged at the top of gas retort, the mutual UNICOM in whole preheating and drying chamber, and top and feeder channel and air chamber communicate, and bottom and destructive distillation chamber communicate.
Described destructive distillation chamber is arranged at the bottom of preheating and drying chamber, the both sides of smoke chamber, and top and preheating and drying chamber communicate, and the bottom links to each other with the coke discharging passage, and the centre of destructive distillation chamber has Thiele tube to pass through.The destructive distillation number of chambers amount of a gas retort determines according to the size for the treatment of capacity.Destructive distillation number of chambers amount is more many, and the treatment capacity of gas retort is more big.
Described smoke chamber be arranged at the gas retort combustion chamber above, there are some separations the centre, and air preheater is installed in the smoke chamber, and wherein first step air preheater is installed on the top of smoke chamber, second stage air preheater is installed on the bottom of smoke chamber, the top of combustion chamber.The smoke chamber both sides are provided with the tube sheet of Thiele tube, and smoke chamber and destructive distillation chamber are separated.
Described combustion chamber is arranged at the bottom of smoke chamber, the top of semicoke refrigerating unit, the both sides of coke discharging passage.The bottom of combustion chamber is provided with the gas nozzle, and the top of combustion chamber is provided with second stage air preheater.
Described air preheater is arranged in the smoke chamber, and wherein first step air preheater is installed on the top of smoke chamber, and second stage air preheater is installed on the bottom of smoke chamber, the top of combustion chamber.The inlet pipe of air preheater links to each other with gas blower, and outlet pipe and gas burner communicate.
It is indoor that described Thiele tube is arranged at destructive distillation, and the Thiele tube two ends link to each other with smoke chamber by tube sheet, and Thiele tube is installed on the tube sheet, and tube sheet also is the outer wall of smoke chamber simultaneously.
Described coke discharging passage is arranged at bottom, destructive distillation chamber, links to each other with the destructive distillation chamber, and coke discharging passage bottom is water seal tank.
Described semicoke refrigerating unit is arranged at the bottom of combustion chamber, is hollow structure, has the gas spray orifice on the both sides outer wall of semicoke refrigerating unit, and the semicoke refrigerating unit is outside to link to each other with cold gas tube, and the both sides of semicoke refrigerating unit are the coke discharging passage.
Described watercooling jacket is arranged at semicoke refrigerating unit bottom, and both sides are the coke discharging passage, and watercooling jacket is outside to link to each other with circulating water system.
Integrated dry furnace of the present invention, its constitutional features is: corresponding destructive distillation chamber, a combustion chamber, form a destructive distillation subelement, be combined into a complete gas retort by several destructive distillation subelements.The gas retort top that a plurality of destructive distillation subelements are formed is interconnected, and the bottom shares a water seal tank and coke discharging device.Gas retort structure and fundamental diagram that Fig. 4 is made up of 4 destructive distillation subelements.
The quantity of the destructive distillation subelement of integrated dry furnace is selected according to the treatment capacity of gas retort needs.When the treatment capacity that needs was big, the destructive distillation subelement can be established some more, needed gas retort treatment capacity hour, and the destructive distillation subelement can be established less.Generally, the day output of 1 destructive distillation subelement is 100～150 tons.Such as, as want to make the day output of gas retort to reach about 2000 tons, 15～20 destructive distillation subelements then need be set.
Integrated dry furnace of the present invention is compared with Fushun, Huadian formula gas retort, and following characteristics are arranged:
1, integrated dry furnace of the present invention is integrated thermal barrier heating and material destructive distillation.The major parts of gas retort comprises that preheating and drying chamber, destructive distillation chamber, smoke chamber, air preheater, Thiele tube, combustion chamber, coke discharging passage, semicoke refrigerating unit, watercooling jacket etc. are coated in the body of heater.This structure has been cancelled the process furnace in traditional distillation process.Owing to no longer need to build separately process furnace and thermal barrier transport pipe, not only reduced construction cost, the more important thing is the energy consumption and the working cost that have reduced destructive distillation.
2, integrated dry furnace of the present invention has adopted the Thiele tube technology, makes in the gas retort temperature of charge in same cross section basic identical, balanced, thereby makes material realize balanced destructive distillation.Fushun type retort only uses gust umbrella as distribution device, cloth, gas distribution are all inhomogeneous, and the bias current phenomenon often takes place, though Huadian formula gas retort adopts novel distribution device, be improved than Fushun type retort, but bias current, destructive distillation unbalanced phenomena still happen occasionally.
3, integrated dry furnace of the present invention has adopted the technology of high-temperature flue gas as thermal barrier indirect heating material.The flue gas thermal barrier be heated material and directly do not contact, greatly reduce gas retort outlet tolerance, thereby also greatly reduce the load of oil recovery system.The thermal barrier of Fushun distillation process is the mixture of destructive distillation gas and flue gas, and the thermal barrier of Huadian distillation process is destructive distillation gas, the thermal barrier of two kinds of distillation process all with directly contacted by the destructive distillation material.The destructive distillation thermal barrier of integrated dry furnace is high-temperature flue gas, but high-temperature flue gas does not directly contact material, is indirect heating to the type of heating of material.The charging temperature of the flue gas thermal barrier of Fushun distillation process is about 1000 ℃, usually cause coking and oil firing gas in the stove, thereby oil recovery rate is low and since high-temperature flue gas with directly contacted by the destructive distillation material, this phenomenon can't be avoided.The gas thermal barrier of Huadian distillation process is to heat outside stove, and charging temperature is controlled about 650 ℃, but the thermosteresis in the thermal barrier course of conveying is very big.Fushun, Huadian distillation process all have a large amount of gaseous heat-carriers to enter gas retort in addition, the gas that produces with destructive distillation discharges out of the furnace at last, thereby gas retort outlet tolerance is very big, cause rear portion oil recovery system load to increase, and the integrated dry furnace all can be avoided to these disadvantages.Fushun, Huadian formula gas retort outlet tolerance Duo 50%～70% than integrated dry furnace of the present invention, thereby the load of oil recovery system is also big by 50%～70% than the present invention.
4, integrated dry furnace of the present invention has adopted the technology of secondary air preheating to combustion air.Preheating of air is industrial a kind of technology commonly used, its objective is the reduction funnel temperature, improves thermo-efficiency.The function of main air preheater of the present invention is the same with the function of conventional air preheater, and funnel temperature is reduced to 150 ℃～200 ℃, but the major function of secondary air preheater is to reduce the gas fume of combustion chamber temperature out.About 900 ℃～1000 ℃ of gas fume of combustion chamber temperature out, if so the flue gas of high-temperature directly enters the destructive distillation chamber, certainly will cause the second pyrolysis of coking and oil gas, reduce oil recovery rate, not only effectively utilized the heat energy of flue gas behind the employing secondary air preheater, and the exhanst gas outlet temperature of combustion chamber is reduced to below 750 ℃, satisfied the processing requirement of material destructive distillation.
5, integrated dry furnace of the present invention is because its special structural characteristics, be applicable to various materials, comprise the low-temperature pyrolysis oil refining of materials such as oil-sand, resinous shale and coal, be applicable to the low-temperature pyrolysis oil refining of the material of various qualities, especially to inferior oil-sand, resinous shale, no matter oil length height, water content what, air content what all can use gas retort of the present invention to carry out destructive distillation oil refining.Special needs to be pointed out is that integrated dry furnace of the present invention is applicable to the destructive distillation to small particles material.
6, integrated dry furnace of the present invention has the advantage of other types gas full circulation carbonization furnace, as there not being combustion unit in the stove, can coking, obstruction, and starting and blowing out are simple and convenient, safe, and the oil-collecting ratio height can be realized computer controlled automatic etc.
Integrated dry furnace of the present invention structurally takes following technical measures to realize the purpose of inventing.The one, combustion chamber, smoke chamber are arranged at the both sides of destructive distillation chamber, directly to the heat supply of destructive distillation furnace chamber, avoided the heat lost by radiation of pipe-line transportation thermal barrier, with regard to gas retort itself, except gas retort wall furnace wall has the heat lost by radiation, destructive distillation subelement in the middle of the gas retort does not have heat lost by radiation, does not more have the heat lost by radiation of pipe-line transportation thermal barrier, has improved effective utilization of heat so greatly.Gas retort of the present invention is compared with Fushun, Huadian formula gas retort, and the heat exhaustion of gas retort has reduced more than 50%.The 2nd, in smoke chamber, be provided with the secondary air preheater, the main air preheater is for reducing funnel temperature, improve the thermo-efficiency of burning, the secondary air preheater is for reducing the gas fume of combustion chamber temperature out, prevent from causing because the thermal barrier temperature is too high the second pyrolysis of coking and oil gas in the gas retort, improved oil-collecting ratio.The 3rd, at the indoor installation Thiele tube of destructive distillation, make the same section temperature equilibrium of gas retort, improve the harmony of material destructive distillation, thereby improve the thermo-efficiency of oil recovery rate and gas retort.So-called " bias current " phenomenon often takes place in the stove of conventional dry furnace." bias current " phenomenon refers to that to form in the stove temperatures at localized regions higher because of the air-flow skewness, and temperatures at localized regions is on the low side, causes destructive distillation incomplete, goes out " life " material, and oil recovery rate descends." bias current " phenomenon is in case produce very difficult elimination the in the short period of time.Thiele tube has thoroughly been stopped the generation of " bias current " phenomenon.The variation of gas stream in the stove speed, pressure, material gait of march, the mode of advancing all can not cause the inhomogeneous of the interior temperature of stove, and " bias current " phenomenon just can not produce yet.This just on the technology and the self structure of gas retort guaranteed harmony and the reliability of material destructive distillation.The 4th, in the bottom of gas retort the semicoke refrigerating unit is installed, feed cold gas, reclaim the semicoke waste heat, be directly used in and replenish the needed heat of material destructive distillation.Generally adopt the dry method technology of the discharging of the coke at coking industry at present, but the heat that reclaims can not directly replenish the needs of destructive distillation heat.The 5th, through structure is adopted on integrated dry furnace of the present invention top, has increased the gas retort useful volume, and top is provided with a plurality of air chambers, collects carbonizing gas by air chamber, and is provided with a plurality of relief outlets, and exhaust is more smooth and easy.Because flow area is big, the scale of construction of working off one's feeling vent one's spleen is few again, so gas retort exit gas flow velocity is little a lot of than Fushun, Huadian formula gas retort, has reduced the micronic dust escaped quantity, has reduced the greasy filth growing amount.The 6th, integrated dry furnace of the present invention structurally adopts by a plurality of relatively independent destructive distillation subelements and combines, but each destructive distillation subelement independent operating work.So just fundamentally solve the defective that Fushun, Huadian formula full circulation carbonization furnace can not amplify, be conducive to the realization that gas retort maximizes.Enlarge the treatment capacity of gas retort, as long as increase the destructive distillation subelement.
Integrated dry furnace of the present invention has been owing to taked a series of measures in technology and structure, thereby realized the breakthrough to retorting technique, makes the treatment capacity of gas retort equipment, and oil recovery rate all reaches the most advanced level in the world, and energy consumption reduces significantly.It is compared with gas retort, Maoming formula distillation process gas retort, Huadian formula distillation process gas retort with traditional Fushun formula distillation process, has following tangible advantage.
1, the gas retort treatment capacity is big, is suitable for large-scale industrial production.Integrated dry furnace of the present invention, when the destructive distillation subelement reached 40, the about 40m of gas retort total length, day output can reach more than 6000 tons and maximum ATP gas retort is suitable in the world, but the about 65m of ATP gas retort total length.Integrated dry furnace such as need enlarge treatment capacity, can also further amplify.Integrated dry furnace day output is that its floor space of gas retort of 6000 tons only need be used about 1/3 of Fushun type retort.This is to extensive, the industrialization of oil shale retorting oil refining industry, and the facility investment, the operational management cost that reduce unit ore deposit amount are significant.
2, gas retort heat energy utilization rate height, the thermo-efficiency height, energy-conservation.Because gas retort of the present invention has been realized thermal barrier heating and material destructive distillation integral type, heat lost by radiation significantly reduces, adopt air preheater to reclaim fume afterheat again, adopt cold gas to reclaim multinomial measures such as semicoke waste heat, the energy consumption of gas retort is very low, only is about 50% of Fushun formula, Maoming formula, Huadian formula gas retort.When being used for oil shale retorting oil refining, through measuring and calculating, the resinous shale of air content about 2% all can be accomplished heat energy self balance, need not outer concurrent heating source.
3, gas retort oil recovery rate height can reach about 90%, is advanced international standard.Every technical indicators such as the cross-sectional strength of gas retort, unit consumption of energy, destructive distillation speed all are domestic the highest and state-of-the-art, also are advanced international standards simultaneously.
4, the gas retort scope of application is wide, the utilization ratio height of resource.Because no combustion unit in the gas retort, adopt the indirect type type of heating, therefore when using integrated dry furnace of the present invention, be applicable to various materials, comprise the low-temperature pyrolysis oil refining of materials such as oil-sand, resinous shale and coal, be applicable to the low-temperature pyrolysis oil refining of the material of various qualities, especially to inferior oil-sand, resinous shale, no matter oil length height, water content what, fixed carbon content height, air content what all can use gas retort of the present invention to carry out destructive distillation oil refining.Special needs to be pointed out is that integrated dry furnace of the present invention is applicable to the destructive distillation to small particles material, has improved the utilization ratio of resource greatly.Generally, oil-sand, resinous shale below the 12mm that is discarded by traditional technology, maybe when using Fushun formula distillation process, Maoming formula distillation process, very low oil-sand, the resinous shale that maybe can not carry out destructive distillation oil refining of oil recovery rate all can use integrated dry furnace of the present invention.
5, handiness is strong.Gas retort of the present invention is to be combined by a plurality of destructive distillation subelements, and the user can carry out freely measuring according to the practical situation of self.Can select the gas retort that is combined into 10 destructive distillation subelements, also can select with 20 or 30 gas retorts that the destructive distillation subelement is combined into, all no problem on technology and technology.When this had just removed use Fushun or Huadian formula gas retort, single furnace capacity of gas retort can not enlarge, can only be with increasing the puzzlement that destructive distillation table number solves problem.220 of the gas retorts of the existing 100 tons for the treatment of capacities of Fushun destructive distillation oil refining factory are as the gas retort that uses the present invention to be combined into by 30 destructive distillation subelements, as long as there are 6 gas retorts just enough.
6, safety in operation, reliability height.The gas retort of traditional technology be in operation gas and coal-char combustion, air admission is arranged, combustion processes is arranged, the possibility that coking, obstruction even blast take place is all arranged, Fushun formula distillation process, Maoming formula distillation process all have the record of blasting because all containing oxygen in the carbonizing gas.And separate in the gas retort of the present invention because combustion chamber and destructive distillation chamber, and flue gas and gas do not cross, the high-temperature flue gas that produces during burning, even inclusion of air is arranged, and because itself and destructive distillation gas is directly contacting, the also possibility with regard to not blasting.Nos combustion unit in the stove can coking, obstruction, and gas retort starting and blowing out are all simple and convenient, and the reliability of security and use is increase greatly all, can realize long-period stable operation.
7, investment is saved, and running cost is low.Integrated dry furnace of the present invention is not owing to need to build separately process furnace, and the destructive distillation scale of construction of working off one's feeling vent one's spleen is few in addition, and the construction investment of destructive distillation oil refining factory is saved greatly, only for building about 50% of traditional destructive distillation factory.Because the maximization of technology and equipment, thermo-efficiency improves, and power consumption reduces, and operation the operations staff reduce, and the operational management cost of integrated dry furnace of the present invention also will reduce significantly.
8, with integrated dry furnace of the present invention old oil shale retorting oil refining factory is transformed, other auxiliary facilities except gas retort all can continue to utilize as crushing and screening system, oil recovery system etc.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is Fushun formula destructive distillation flow scheme figure.Among the figure, 101 materials, 102 carbonizing gas, 103 gas retorts, 104 hot gas, 105 gas blowers, 106 fuel gas, 107 process furnace, 108 circulating mash gas, 109 oil recovery systems, 110 oil, 111 gas blower fans, 112 gas holders.
Fig. 2 is Huadian formula destructive distillation flow scheme figure.Among the figure, 201 materials, 202 carbonizing gas, 203 gas retorts, 204 hot gas, 205 gas blowers, 206 fuel gas, 207 process furnace, 208 circulating mash gas, 209 oil recovery systems, 210 oil, 211 gas blower fans, 212 gas holders.
Fig. 3 is integral type destructive distillation process flow sheet.Among the figure, 301 materials, 302 carbonizing gas, 303 gas retorts, 304 air, 305 gas blowers, 306 gas, 307 gas blower fans, 308 oil recovery systems, 309 oil, 310 gas holders.
Fig. 4 is structure and the fundamental diagram that the integrated dry furnace of 4 destructive distillation subelements is arranged.Among the figure: 1 hopper; 2 push-pull valves; 3 feeding machines; 4 carbonizing gas delivery lines; 5 air chambers; 6 feeder channels; Preheating and drying chambers 7; 8 steel plates; 9 furnace walls; 10 smoke discharge tubes; 11 first step air preheaters; 12 smoke chambers; 13 smoke chamber dividing plates; 14 Thiele tubes; Destructive distillation chambers 15; 16 second stage air preheaters; 17 combustion chambers; 18 coke discharging passages; 19 gas nozzles; 20 semicoke refrigerating units; 21 cold gas enter pipe; 22 cold gas spray orifices; 23 watercooling jackets; 24 pushing machines; 25 water seal tanks; 26 scraper conveyers.
Embodiment
Accompanying drawing 3 is integral type destructive distillation process flow sheets, shows among the figure that integral type destructive distillation technology does not arrange independently process furnace, and carbonizing gas is discharged gas retort and reclaimed shale oil by oil recovery apparatus, and is cooled to 35 ℃～40 ℃, enters the gas gas holder.The combustion chamber that a part is directly sent into the integrated dry furnace by the gas blower fan acts as a fuel; A part is sent into the waste heat of the bottom recovery semicoke of integrated dry furnace by the gas blower fan, temperature rises to more than 450 ℃ back and destructive distillation oil gas and converges material is carried out preheating and drying, carbonizing gas self temperature in uphill process constantly descends, to the gas retort exit, about 90 ℃～110 ℃ of temperature, be imported into oil recovery system and receive oil, so go round and begin again, form complete, continuous technology.
Fig. 4 is structure and the fundamental diagram that the integrated dry furnace of 4 destructive distillation subelements is arranged.As shown in the figure, sent into hopper 1 through what meet gas retort processing requirement specification behind the crushing and screening by the destructive distillation material, add by push-pull valve 2 and feeding machine 3 top from gas retort.After resinous shale adds from gas retort top, evenly fall through feeder channel 6, enter preheating and drying chamber 7, material is gone up the carbonizing gas that comes and is heated to 200 ℃～250 ℃ from the gas retort bottom in preheating and drying chamber 7, the moisture that material contains all evaporates, and material continues to come downwards to the destructive distillation chamber 15 that Thiele tube 14 is installed, and material absorbs destructive distillation chamber both sides gas radiation in destructive distillation chamber 15 and Thiele tube 14 conducts the heat of coming, temperature rises to 500 ℃～550 ℃, realizes complete destructive distillation.35 ℃～40 ℃ cold gas enters pipe 21 and enters semicoke refrigerating unit 20 through being built up in cold gas in the semicoke refrigerating unit 20, be provided with cold gas spray orifice 22 in the semicoke refrigerating unit 20, outside injected cool gas, cold gas can only be along being risen by coke discharging passage 19, air-flow is distributed by equilibrium, cold gas has been contacted and has reclaimed the waste heat of semicoke by the semicoke of destructive distillation in the uphill process neutralization, cold gas enters destructive distillation chamber 15 after being heated to more than 450 ℃, the gas that produces with destructive distillation in destructive distillation chamber 15 mixes, continue to rise, enter preheating and drying chamber 7, material is carried out preheating and drying, and self temperature also constantly was reduced to about 110 ℃ when carbonizing gas heated material, and destructive distillation oil gas is when rising to air chamber 5, derived outside the gas retort by carbonizing gas delivery line 4, enter oil recovery system and reclaim shale oil.In semicoke exhaust channel 19, continue descending after the semicoke that generates after the oil shale distillation is cooled to about 250 ℃ by cold gas, the watercooling jacket 23 that is arranged on semicoke refrigerating unit 20 bottoms is cooled to fall into about 180 ℃ water seal tank 25, pushing machine 24 and scraper conveyer 26 are equipped with in water seal tank 25 bottoms, with semicoke scrape come out of the stove outside, be sent to the semicoke stockyard.Through the air of preheating with through receiving burning gas mixed firing in combustion chamber 18 of oil, the high-temperature flue gas that burning produces is 900 ℃-1000 ℃, high-temperature flue gas at first washes away the second stage air preheater 16 that is arranged at top, combustion chamber, after flue-gas temperature is lowered to below 750 ℃, enter Thiele tube 14, Thiele tube 14 is arranged at by in the bed of material of destructive distillation material, flue gas is done turning movement in Thiele tube 14, with heat transferred by the destructive distillation material, flue gas is 350 ℃～400 ℃ from the Thiele tube outflow temperature, enter first step air preheater 11 then, be cooled to 150 ℃～200 ℃ and discharge out of the furnace by smoke discharge tube 10.
Fig. 4 has also reflected the array mode of each destructive distillation subelement in the gas retort, the integrated dry furnace of 4 destructive distillation subelements has 4 combustion chambers and 4 destructive distillation chambers, corresponding 1 destructive distillation chamber, 1 combustion chamber, separated by smoke chamber between two destructive distillation chambers, destructive distillation is provided with Thiele tube in the chamber, the furnace wall of two sides of gas retort only arranges the combustion chamber in one side, and another side only arranges smoke chamber, and the combustion chamber is not set.The semicoke refrigerating unit of two sides of gas retort only arranges cold gas spray orifice in the inboard, the both sides of the semicoke refrigerating unit of the bottom, combustion chamber in the middle of the gas retort all arrange cold gas spray orifice, simultaneously outside injected cool gas.Top in the gas retort is communicated with, and air-flow and material can unrestricted flows.The oil-containing gas that material produces in retort process converges from the air chamber 4 that is arranged at the gas retort top, and derives outside the gas retort through carbonizing gas delivery line 5, during discharge, and about about 110 ℃ of temperature.Each air chamber top can arrange a plurality of carbonizing gas delivery lines as required, to realize even exhaust.In the gas retort bottom, 4 destructive distillation subelements share 1 water seal tank 25, and pushing machine 24 and scraper conveyer 26 are equipped with in water seal tank 25 bottoms, with semicoke scrape come out of the stove outside, be sent to the semicoke stockyard.
Implement integrated dry furnace of the present invention and should be noted that following problem: 1, the quantity of the processing power of gas retort and destructive distillation subelement is directly proportional.Though each destructive distillation subelement can independent operating, because in order to guarantee even destructive distillation, destructive distillation subelement narrower in width generally is no more than 0.7m, therefore be combined into a gas retort to the destructive distillation subelement of major general more than 3 usually.The a plurality of destructive distillation subelements of the coke pushing equipment of lower furnace can share.The daily handling ability of the destructive distillation subelement that sectional area is 1000mm * 4000mm is about about 100～150 tons.2, the daily handling ability of gas retort needs to adjust according to practical situation with factors such as temperature, destructive distillation caloric receptivity are relevant eventually by the character of the resinous shale of destructive distillation, water content, maximum particle diameter, particle diameter ratio, destructive distillation.When material particular diameter during less than 15mm, the treatment capacity of 4 destructive distillation subelements can reach 600t/ day.When using integrated dry furnace of the present invention the maximum particle diameter of the material that advances same gas retort destructive distillation and the ratio control of minimum grain size are advisable between 2～3.It is control criterion that the ratio control of measuring when cold gas is entered gas retort is reduced between 300 ℃～350 ℃ with the semicoke temperature.3, integrated dry furnace of the present invention is applicable to the resinous shale that destructive distillation 50mm is following.The material bigger to particle need carry out fragmentation earlier, can utilize the integrated dry furnace of the present invention of the material below the 12mm that goes out of use in traditional distillation process.4, the concrete installation site of gas retort internal part and structure should satisfy the requirement that realizes the complete destructive distillation of resinous shale, otherwise will influence thermo-efficiency and the oil recovery rate of gas retort.Should not be less than 3m to the distance of Thiele tube such as cold gas spout, otherwise will influence the heat that cold gas reclaims, the height of Thiele tube should not be less than 3m, otherwise will influence material reaches complete destructive distillation in gas retort degree, influence oil recovery rate, the height of preheating and drying should not be less than 3m, otherwise will cause the carbonizing gas outflow temperature too high, influences the thermo-efficiency of gas retort etc.
Claims (3)
1. integrated dry furnace, its constitutional features is: gas retort is combined by a plurality of destructive distillation subelements; Each destructive distillation subelement is relatively independent, and corresponding destructive distillation chamber, a combustion chamber forms a destructive distillation subelement; The destructive distillation subelement comprises combustion chamber to thermal barrier heating, smoke chamber, Thiele tube, air preheater and to preheating and drying chamber, the destructive distillation chamber of material destructive distillation; The preheating and drying chamber of the combustion chamber of heat hot carrier, smoke chamber and destructive distillation material, destructive distillation chamber are in same cavity; The gas retort top that a plurality of destructive distillation subelements are formed is interconnected, and separates with smoke chamber between two destructive distillation subelements; The feeding device of gas retort is arranged at the top of gas retort body of heater; The oil gas take-up gear is arranged at gas retort top; The coke discharging device is arranged in the water seal tank; Water seal tank is arranged at the bottom of gas retort; A plurality of destructive distillation subelements bottom shares a water seal tank and coke discharging device.
2. integrated dry furnace according to claim 1, its constitutional features is: described preheating and drying chamber is arranged at the top of gas retort, the mutual UNICOM in whole preheating and drying chamber, top communicates with feeder channel and air chamber, and the bottom communicates with the destructive distillation chamber; Described destructive distillation chamber is arranged at the bottom of preheating and drying chamber, the both sides of smoke chamber, and top communicates with the preheating and drying chamber, and the bottom links to each other with the coke discharging passage, and the centre of destructive distillation chamber has Thiele tube to pass through; Described smoke chamber be arranged at the gas retort combustion chamber above, there are some separations the centre, and air preheater is installed in the smoke chamber, and wherein first step air preheater is installed on the top of smoke chamber, second stage air preheater is installed on the bottom of smoke chamber, the top of combustion chamber; The smoke chamber both sides are provided with the tube sheet of Thiele tube, and smoke chamber and destructive distillation chamber are separated; Described combustion chamber is arranged at the bottom of smoke chamber, the top of semicoke refrigerating unit, the both sides of coke discharging passage; The bottom of combustion chamber is provided with the gas nozzle, and the top of combustion chamber is provided with second stage air preheater; Described air preheater is arranged in the smoke chamber, and wherein first step air preheater is installed on the top of smoke chamber, and second stage air preheater is installed on the bottom of smoke chamber, the top of combustion chamber; The inlet pipe of air preheater links to each other with gas blower, and outlet pipe and gas burner communicate; It is indoor that described Thiele tube is arranged at destructive distillation, and the Thiele tube two ends link to each other with smoke chamber by tube sheet, and Thiele tube is installed on the tube sheet, and tube sheet also is the outer wall of smoke chamber simultaneously; Described coke discharging passage is arranged at bottom, destructive distillation chamber, links to each other with the destructive distillation chamber, and coke discharging passage bottom is water seal tank; Described semicoke refrigerating unit is arranged at the bottom of combustion chamber, is hollow structure, has the gas spray orifice on the both sides outer wall of semicoke refrigerating unit, and the semicoke refrigerating unit is outside to link to each other with cold gas tube, and the both sides of semicoke refrigerating unit are the coke discharging passage; Described watercooling jacket is arranged at semicoke refrigerating unit bottom, and both sides are the coke discharging passage, and watercooling jacket is outside to link to each other with circulating water system.
3. integrated dry furnace according to claim 1, its constitutional features is: the feeding device of described gas retort is arranged at the top of gas retort body of heater, is made up of hopper, slide valve, feeding machine; Described oil gas take-up gear is arranged at gas retort top, is made up of air chamber and carbonizing gas delivery line; Described coke discharging device is arranged in the water seal tank, is made up of pushing machine and scraper conveyer; Described water seal tank is arranged at the bottom of gas retort, and the water seal tank of gas retort bottom is full of water when operation, highly be 600～900mm.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2012204880859U CN203048874U (en) | 2012-09-24 | 2012-09-24 | All-in-one destructive distillation furnace |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN2012204880859U CN203048874U (en) | 2012-09-24 | 2012-09-24 | All-in-one destructive distillation furnace |
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| CN203048874U true CN203048874U (en) | 2013-07-10 |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103923676A (en) * | 2014-04-17 | 2014-07-16 | 沈阳海源干馏设备技术开发有限公司 | HY type dry distillation furnace |
| CN104017595A (en) * | 2014-06-16 | 2014-09-03 | 抚顺矿业集团有限责任公司 | Small particle shale retort |
| CN104277855A (en) * | 2014-03-13 | 2015-01-14 | 上海泽玛克敏达机械设备有限公司 | Electric heating low-temperature dry distillation furnace, low-temperature dry distillation production device and semicoke production method |
-
2012
- 2012-09-24 CN CN2012204880859U patent/CN203048874U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104277855A (en) * | 2014-03-13 | 2015-01-14 | 上海泽玛克敏达机械设备有限公司 | Electric heating low-temperature dry distillation furnace, low-temperature dry distillation production device and semicoke production method |
| CN104277855B (en) * | 2014-03-13 | 2017-04-12 | 上海泽玛克敏达机械设备有限公司 | Electric heating low-temperature dry distillation furnace, low-temperature dry distillation production device and semicoke production method |
| CN103923676A (en) * | 2014-04-17 | 2014-07-16 | 沈阳海源干馏设备技术开发有限公司 | HY type dry distillation furnace |
| CN103923676B (en) * | 2014-04-17 | 2015-06-03 | 吴冠峰 | HY type dry distillation furnace |
| CN104017595A (en) * | 2014-06-16 | 2014-09-03 | 抚顺矿业集团有限责任公司 | Small particle shale retort |
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